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Abstract Methane (CH4) photocatalytic upgrading to value-added chemicals, especially C2 products, is significant yet challenging due to sluggish energy/mass transfer and insufficient chemical driven-force in single photochemical process. Herein, we realize solar-driven CH4 oxidation to ethanol (C2H5OH) on crystalline carbon nitride (CCN) modified with Cu9S5 and Cu single atoms (Cu9S5/Cu-CCN). The integration of photothermal effect and photocatalysis overcomes CH4-to-C2H5OH conversion bottlenecks, with Cu9S5 as a hotspot to convert solar-energy to heat. In-situ characterizations demonstrate that Cu single atoms play as electron acceptor for O2 reduction to ·OOH/ · OH, while Cu9S5 acts as hole acceptor and site for CH4 adsorption, C − H activation, and C − C coupling. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that Cu9S5/Cu-CCN reduces C − C coupling energy barrier by stabilizing ·CH3 and ·CH2O. Impressively, C2H5OH productivity reaches 549.7 μmol g–1 h–1, with selectivity of 94.8% and apparent quantum efficiency of 0.9% (420 nm). This work provides a sustainable avenue for CH4 conversion to value-added chemcials.

Abstract Lactic acid bacteria metabolism affects the composition of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in alfalfa silage, which results in differences of odor and quality. The aim of this study was to reveal the effects of commercial Lactobacillus plantarum (CL), screened Lactobacillus plantarum (LP), and screened Pediococcus pentosaceus (PP) on quality, microbial community, and VOCs of alfalfa silage based on volatile metabolomics and metagenomics. The results showed that the LP and PP groups had higher sensory and quality grades, and the dominant bacteria were Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Pediococcus pentosaceus. The main VOCs in alfalfa silage were terpenoids (25.29%), esters (17.08%), and heterocyclic compounds (14.43%), and esters such as methyl benzoate, ethyl benzoate, and ethyl salicylate were significantly increased in the LP and PP groups (P

Abstract Highly accurate nighttime cloud detection in satellite imagery is challenging due to the absence of visible to near-infrared (0.38–3 μm, VNI) data, which is critical for distinguishing clouds from other ground features. Fortunately, Machine learning (ML) techniques can more effectively leverage the limited wavelength information and show high-accuracy cloud detection based on vast sample volume. However, accurately distinguishing cloud pixels solely through thermal infrared bands (8–14 μm, TIR) is challenging, and acquiring numerous, high-quality and representative samples of nighttime images for ML proves to be unattainable in practice. Given the thermal infrared radiation transmission process and the fact that daytime and nighttime have the same source of radiance in TIR, we propose a sample generation idea that uses daytime images to provide samples of nighttime cloud detection, which is different from the traditional sample construction methods (e.g., manually label, simulation and transfer learning method), and can obtain samples effectively. Based on this idea, nighttime cloud detection experiments were carried out for MODIS, GF-5 (02) and Himawari-8 satellites, respectively. The results were validated by the Lidar cloud product and manual labels and show that our nighttime cloud detection result has higher accuracy than MYD35 (78.17%) and the ML model trained by nighttime manual labels (75.86%). The accuracy of the three sensors is 82.19%, 88.71%, and 79.34%, respectively. Moreover, we validated and discussed the performance of our algorithm on various surface types (vegetation, urban, barren and water). The results revealed that the accuracy of the three sensors over barren was found to be poor and varied with surface types but overall high. Our study can provide a novel perspective on nighttime cloud detection of muti-spectral satellite imagery.

Abstract Background Sweet sorghum is used mainly as an energy crop and feed crop in arid and semiarid regions, and ensiling is a satisfactory method for preserving high-quality sweet sorghum. The aim of this study was to reveal the dynamics of the fermentation quality, bacterial communities, and fermentation weight loss (FWL) of sweet sorghum silage during fermentation. Methods Sweet sorghum was harvested at the first inflorescence spikelet stage and ensiled without (CK) or with lactic acid bacterial (LAB) additives (L). After ensiling, samples were collected on days 0, 1, 3, 5, 15, 40, and 100 to assess the fermentation quality, bacterial communities, and FWL. Results For CK and L, on day 1, the pH was 5.77 and 5.57, respectively, and the lactic acid (LA) was 1.30 and 2.81 g/kg dry matter (DM), respectively. Compared with CK, L had a lower pH and higher LA from days 1 to 5 (P

As optimization problems grow increasingly complex, characterized by their intricate difficulty, larger-scale, and diverse constraints, swarm intelligence optimization algorithms have emerged as an effective solution for addressing these multifaceted challenges. Among these, the marine predators algorithm, a recent innovation in intelligent optimization algorithms, has demonstrated remarkable efficacy in solving optimization issues. However, its application to complex CEC test function sets and engineering constraint problems reveals several limitations, including limited adaptive ability, low optimization accuracy, and high local shackle probability. This paper proposes an enhanced version of the marine predators algorithm designed to overcome its inherent shortcomings. The enhancement begins with the integration of a learning automata guided teaching–learning search mechanism during the marine memory stage. This adjustment aims to strike a better balance between exploration and exploitation across different iteration periods. Subsequently, the introduction of a logarithmic spiral exploration mechanism phase strengthens the algorithm’s ability to conduct nuanced searchers around the optimal solution, thereby improving convergence accuracy. Finally, an improved adaptive relative reflection strategy is added at the end of each iteration to enhance the algorithm’s capability to escape local optima and reduce the risk of local shackling. The optimization performance of this refined algorithm is evaluated through parameter sensitivity analysis, determining the optimal parameter values. To validate its effectiveness, the improved algorithm undergoes testing against six benchmark algorithms, including the basic marine predators algorithm and its variants, as well as other improved algorithms and those recognized with awards in the CEC2017 test suite across 100 dimensions. The evaluation focuses on optimization accuracy, the Wilcoxon rank sum test, and boxplot analysis. The test results indicate that the improved algorithm proposed in this paper outperforms the other six benchmark algorithms in optimization precision, convergence rate, and solution stability, particularly when solving complex functions in high-dimensional (100 dimensions) spaces. Furthermore, the applicability and superior performance of the improved algorithm are demonstrated through comparative analysis with four established algorithms on challenging engineering design optimization problems. These include welded beam design, process synthesis, heat exchanger network design, and design optimization of industrial refrigeration systems. The findings unequivocally showcase the enhanced algorithm’s exceptional ability to solve various engineering constraint problems effectively.

Since inferior biomimetic fabrication and anti-thrombosis process always lead to the implantation failure of artificial vascular grafts, the development of bioactive platform which can promote endothelialization is fundamental in the research for blood vessel substitutes to overcome the low-efficiency or hyperplasia. To solve the limitation of insufficient autologous sources of small blood vessels, this study prepared a tri-layer small diameter vascular based on citrate, followed by covalently immobilizing of specific peptides to achieve in situ cells enrichment. The natural carbohydrate of carboxymethyl chitosan is creatively used as the inner layer of tubular graft, thus exerting the anti-thrombosis effect. Moreover, the gastrodin coating was employed to alleviate the inflammation response and increase the safety of this surgically implanted vascular scaffold. The synthesis process was characterized, its biocompatibility, hierarchically cell induction capacity, anticoagulant effect and the ability to promote neovascularization were evaluated. In such way, we hope to prepare a biodegradable small-diameter artificial vascular for the clinical application.

Abstract This case report presents the clinical findings of a female patient diagnosed with Wernicke’s encephalopathy, characterized by pinpoint pupils. While pupillary changes can occur in Wernicke’s encephalopathy, the presence of pinpoint pupils is exceedingly rare. In this report, we aim to document and discuss this unusual presentation, as well as speculate on the potential mechanisms underlying this atypical manifestation of the disease.

Abstract High-grade B-cell lymphoma with 11q aberration (HGBL-11q) is a distinct lymphoma entity according to the 5th edition of the WHO classification of hematolymphoid tumors. It lacks MYC translocation but carries proximal gains and/or telomeric losses of chromosome 11q. This rare type of B-cell lymphoma is less frequently reported in people living with HIV (PLWH), and its exact frequency remains unclear. Our goal was to retrospectively analyze its frequency in a cohort of aggressive B-cell lymphomas in PLWH, including Burkitt lymphoma (BL, n = 35), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL, n = 48), high-grade B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (HGBL-NOS, n = 13), which was diagnosed as AIDS-related lymphoma (ARL) at our institution. In total, 10/96 (10.4%) cases harbored the typical 11q aberration pattern, predominantly those that had been classified as BL (6/35, 17.1%), DLBCL (2/48, 4.2%), and HGBL, NOS (2/13, 15.4%). We also evaluated 7 cases of AIDS-related HGBL-11q (AR-HGBL-11q) reported in the literature. The median age of our cohort was 35 years, and all the patients were male. Most cases (70%) had a history of HIV infection for over 1 year, and all were involved in lymph nodes (100%), frequently involved extranodal sites (60%), and Ann Arbor stage III/IV. In histomorphology, the cases exhibited diverse cytological features, reminiscent of BL (6 cases), DLBCL (2 cases), and HGBL (2 cases). A comparison of the combined cohort of 17 AR-HGBL-11q cases with 11 ARL cases that lacked both MYC rearrangement and 11q aberration at our institution showed that HGBL-11q cases were characterized by strikingly coarse apoptotic debris (P

Abstract Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is a significant complication following reperfusion therapy after myocardial infarction. Mitochondrial oxidative stress is a critical factor in MIRI, and Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), as a major mitochondrial deacetylase, plays a key protective role, with its activity potentially regulated by O-GlcNAcylation. This study used the H9C2 cell line to establish a simulated ischemia/reperfusion (SI/R) model, we utilized co-immunoprecipitated to validate the relationship between O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and SIRT3, demonstrated SIRT3 O-GlcNAcylation sites through LC–MS/MS, and performed site mutations using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The results were validated using immunoblotting. SIRT3 and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) activities were detected using a fluorometric assay, while mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (MROS) levels and cellular apoptosis were assessed using immunofluorescence. We have identified an interaction between SIRT3 and OGT, where SIRT3 undergoes dynamic O-GlcNAcylation at the S190 site, facilitating SIRT3 deacetylase activity. During SI/R, elevated levels of O-GlcNAcylation activate SOD2 by promoting SIRT3 enzyme activity, thereby inhibiting excessive MROS production. This significantly mitigates the occurrence of malignant autophagy in myocardial cells during reperfusion, promoting their survival. Conversely, blocking SIRT3 O-GlcNAcylation at the S190 site exacerbates SI/R injury. We demonstrate that O-GlcNAcylation is a crucial post-translational modification (PTM) of SIRT3 during SI/R, shedding light on a promising mechanism for future therapeutic approaches.

ABSTRACT: Objectives: Klebsiella aerogenes is a largely understudied opportunistic pathogen that can cause sepsis and lead to high mortality rates. In this study, we reported the occurrence of carbapenem-resistant blaOXA-181-carrying Klebsiella aerogenes from swine in China and elucidate their genomic characteristics. Methods: A total of 126 samples, including 109 swine fecal swabs, 14 environmental samples, and three feed samples were collected from a pig farm in China. The samples were enriched with LB broth culture and then inoculated into MacConkey agar plates for bacterial isolation. After PCR detection of carbapenemases genes, the blaOXA-181-carrying isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and whole-genome sequence analysis. Results: Four Klebsiella aerogenes isolates carrying the blaOXA-181 gene were obtained from swine faecal samples. All the 4 strains were belonged to ST438. The blaOXA-181 genes were located in IncX3-ColKP3 hybrid plasmids with the core genetic structure of IS26-ΔIS3000-ΔISEcp1-blaOXA-181-ΔlysR-ΔereA-ΔrepA-ISKpn19-tinR-qnrS1-ΔIS2-IS26, which suggests the potential for horizontal transfer and further dissemination of this resistance gene among Enterobacteriaceae and other sources. Conclusions: This study represents the first instance of OXA-181-producing K. aerogenes being identified from swine faeces in China. It is crucial to maintain continuous monitoring and ongoing attention to the detection of K. aerogenes carrying blaOXA-181 and other resistance genes in pigs.

Abstract Constructing crossmodal in-sensor processing system based on high-performance flexible devices is of great significance for the development of wearable human-machine interfaces. A bio-inspired crossmodal in-sensor computing system can perform real-time energy-efficient processing of multimodal signals, alleviating data conversion and transmission between different modules in conventional chips. Here, we report a bio-inspired crossmodal spiking sensory neuron (CSSN) based on a flexible VO2 memristor, and demonstrate a crossmodal in-sensor encoding and computing system for wearable human-machine interfaces. We demonstrate excellent performance in the VO2 memristor including endurance (>1012), uniformity (0.72% for cycle-to-cycle variations and 3.73% for device-to-device variations), speed (

Clinical use of small-diameter vascular grafts remains a challenging issue in neovessel regeneration in view of thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia. Developing a vascular graft with structure and function similar to those of the native vessels necessitates a major direction of vascular tissue regeneration. Thus, this study sought to design and fabricate a range of tri-phasic scaffolds (0, 2, and 5 wt% gastrodin-polyurethane (PU)) with spatiotemporally defined structure and gastrodin-release for regulating the highly coordinated processes in growth of the intima and media. While the small pores of inner layer guided infiltration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), the bigger pores of medial layer could offer smooth muscle cell (SMC)-friendly habitat, and external fibers conferred adequate mechanical properties. Correspondingly, spatial distribution and differential regulation of key proteins in HUVECs and SMCs were mediated by hierarchical release of gastrodin, of which rapid release in inner layer elicited enhanced HUVEC proliferation and migration against those of the SMC via activated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) signal. Of note, superior anti-coagulation was reflected in 2 wt% gastrodin-PU ex vivo extracorporeal blood circulation experiment. After in vivo implantation for 12 weeks, there was no formation of obvious thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia in 2 wt% gastrodin-PU. The scaffold maintained high patency and improved vascular remodeling, including the formation of thin endothelialization in lumen and dense extracellular matrix deposition in medial layer. Taken together, the results demonstrate the positive function of hierarchical releasing system that responded to tri-phasic structure, which not only suppressed intimal thickening but also tightly controlled tissue regeneration.

Abstract Convenient and effective biomarkers are essential for the early diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the cross-sectional study, 103 patients with AD, 82 patients with aMCI and 508 normal controls (NC) were enrolled. The single‐molecule array (Simoa) technique was used to assess the levels of plasma proteins, including NfL, T-tau, P-tau-181, Aβ40, Aβ42. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to assess the overall cognitive function of all subjects. Moreover, Amyloid PET and structural head MRI were also performed in a subset of the population. In the follow-up, the previous 508 normal older adults were followed up for two years, then COX regression analysis was used to investigate the association between baseline plasma proteins and future cognitive outcomes. NfL, T-tau, P-tau-181, Aβ40, Aβ42 and Aβ42/40 were altered in AD dementia, and NfL, Aβ42 and Aβ42/40 significantly outperformed all plasma proteins in differentiating AD dementia from NC, while NfL and Aβ42/40 could effectively distinguish between aMCI and NC. However, only plasma NfL was associated with future cognitive decline, and it was negatively correlated with MoCA (r = − 0.298, p

Abstract Background The association between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and clinical outcomes in patients with both coronary artery disease (CAD) and psoriasis is unclear. This study investigated the association between the TyG index and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with both CAD and psoriasis. Methods This retrospective cohort study included patients diagnosed with both CAD and psoriasis who underwent coronary angiography at the Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China, between January 2017 and May 2022. The study endpoint was the occurrence of MACE or end of follow-up time. Multivariate Cox proportional analysis and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to determine the association between the TyG index and MACE. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine the optimal threshold value of the TyG index for predicting MACE. Results This study enrolled 293 patients with both CAD and psoriasis, including 258 (88.1%) males with a mean age of 58.89 ± 9.61 years. Patients were divided into four groups based on the TyG quartiles: Q1 (N = 74), Q2 (N = 73), Q3 (N = 73), and Q4 (N = 73). After adjusting for the potential confounders, the TyG index was independently associated with MACE, both as a continuous variable (HR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.03–2.28, P = 0.035) and as a categorical variable (Q1: reference; Q2: HR = 1.85, 95% CI = 0.88–3.87, P = 0.105; Q3: HR = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.14-5.00, P = 0.021; Q4: HR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.001–4.81, P = 0.0497; P for trend = 0.039). RCS analysis showed an linear association between the TyG index and MACE (P-overall = 0.027, P-non-linear = 0.589). ROC curve analysis showed that the TyG index of ≥ 8.73 was the optimal threshold value (area under the ROC curve = 0.60, 95% CI 0.53–0.67). TyG index ≥ 8.73 was significantly associated with MACE (HR = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.32–3.34, P = 0.002). After adjustment for confounders, the TyG index showed independent association with MACE (HR = 2.00, 95% CI = 1.17–3.42, P = 0.011). Conclusions The TyG index showed a positive linear correlation with MACE in patients with both CAD and psoriasis. The TyG index of ≥ 8.73 might be the optimal threshold for predicting MACE. Graphical Abstract

Abstract Objective To investigate the mechanism by which cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) affect the growth and immune evasion of lung cancer cells. Methods Initially, datasets comparing CAFs with normal fibroblasts were downloaded from the GEO dataset GSE48397. Genes with the most significant differential expression were selected and validated using clinical data. Subsequently, CAFs were isolated, and the selected genes were knocked down in CAFs. Co-culture experiments were conducted with H1299 or A549 cells to analyze changes in lung cancer cell growth, migration, and immune evasion in vitro and in vivo. To further elucidate the upstream regulatory mechanism, relevant ChIP-seq data were downloaded from the GEO database, and the regulatory relationships were validated through ChIP-qPCR and luciferase reporter assays. Results OLR1 was significantly overexpressed in CAFs and strongly correlated with adverse prognosis in lung cancer patients. Knockdown of OLR1 markedly inhibited CAFs’ support for the growth and immune evasion of lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. ChIP-seq results demonstrated that PRRX1 can promote OLR1 expression by recruiting H3K27ac and H3K4me3, thereby activating CAFs. Knockdown of PRRX1 significantly inhibited CAFs’ function, while further overexpression of OLR1 restored CAFs’ support for lung cancer cell growth, migration, and immune evasion. Conclusion PRRX1 promotes OLR1 expression by recruiting H3K27ac and H3K4me3, activating CAFs, and thereby promoting the growth, migration, and immune evasion of lung cancer cells.

In order to study the effective method of the enrichment and purification of anthocyanin in black wolfberry and mulberry, and identify the structure of anthocyanin, the black wolfberry and mulberry extracts were purified by macroporous resins. The adsorption and desorption abilities of different types of the resins for anthocyanins were compared. LX-20SS was optimized as the resin for the purification of anthocyanins from black wolfberry. The purification conditions were as follows: The mass ratio of resin to crude anthocyanin powder of black wolfberry was at 10:1, and the elution concentration of ethanol was 70%, and the flow rate was 3 mL/min. After the purification, the content of anthocyanin reached 144.18±3.40 mg/g. DM-21 was optimized as the resin for the purification of mulberry anthocyanin. The purification conditions were as follows: The mass ratio of resin to crude anthocyanin powder of mulberry was at 20:3, and the elution concentration of ethanol was 30%, and the flow rate was 1 mL/min. The content of anthocyanin reached 112.44±2.24 mg/g after purification. High performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) analysis for anthocyanin structures in black wolfberry and mulberry showed that the main anthocyanin in black wolfberry was petunidin-3-O-rutinose (p-coumaroyl)-5-O-glucoside, which accounted for more than 95% of the total anthocyanin. In addition, there are two main types of anthocyanins in mulberry, corresponding to cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-rutinoside, which accounted for 63.58% and 36.42% of the total anthocyanins respectively. The results provided references for the development of black wolfberry and mulberry.

Combatting desertification through vegetation restoration holds significant potential for soil carbon sequestration. However, understanding the effects of different restoration types on soil organic carbon component and the role of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) remains limited. This study assessed soils from four distinct vegetation types, namely grassland desert (GD), desert steppe (DS), typical steppe (TS), and artificial forest (AF), in the eastern part of the Mu Us Desert, China, examining physicochemical properties, carbon chemical composition, microbial community composition, and CAZyme gene abundance. Our research findings demonstrated that TS restoration significantly increased the content of various soil organic carbon (SOC) components. Compared to other vegetation types, the proportion of recalcitrant carbon (20–22%) was notably higher and exhibited a strong correlation with lignin and peptidoglycan, as determined by the analysis of CAZyme subfamily composition. GD and DS soils showed enrichment in cellulose and hemicellulose-decomposing CAZymes, leading to higher polysaccharide and aliphatic carbon levels. Significant changes were observed in the methyl carbon component amidst the decomposition of varied organic matter types, correlating strongly with Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria abundances. Our research elucidates the influence of distinct vegetation types on sandy soil carbon sequestration and stabilization, highlighting the crucial function of microbial communities and their CAZyme activities. These insights can guide enhanced land management strategies for improved carbon dynamics in arid ecosystems.

Objectives: Reducing mortality from infectious diseases is an urgent global public health priority. Streptococcus pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and influenza virus are the three leading causes of lower respiratory infections (LRIs) death worldwide. Our objective was to assess the global burden of LRIs attributable to S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and influenza virus and explore the protective effectiveness of immunization programs. Methods: Data were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 and World Health Organization United Nations Children's Fund Estimates of National Immunization Coverage. Locally weighted linear regression and Spearman correlation analysis were used to examine the associations between LRI mortality and vaccination coverage. Mixed-effects regression models were used to estimate the reduction in deaths that would be reduced by pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) and the H. influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine if all countries realized the Immunization Agenda 2030 (IA2030). Results: In 2021, about 30.2% of the 2.18 million LRI-related deaths were attributed to three studied pathogens. From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized mortality rate of LRIs was attributable to three pathogens decreased by more than half. In 2022, the global vaccination rates for PCV and Hib vaccines were 60.0% and 76.0%, respectively. The LRIs attributable to S. pneumoniae (rs = −0.45, P

Obtaining precise ground-level fine particulate matter (PM2.5) information is significant for human health. Spatial PM2.5 maps can be obtained by remote sensing technology, but considerable uncertainty exists when suffering from high pollution with complicated aerosol types. To address this issue, we propose using a hierarchical machine learning model to retrieve high-accuracy and daily full-coverage PM2.5 concentrations from 2014 to 2023 in China. Our hierarchical model was validated by the sample-based 10 cross-validation . Results suggest that our model performs better in terms of RMSE of 12.12 µg/m3, MAE of 8.14 µg/m3 and R2 of 0.95 than traditional model with RMSE of 18.18 µg/m3, MAE of 12.21 µg/m3 and R2 of 0.89, showing 27.49–37.41% improvements for RMSE, 21.85–39.26% improvements for MAE and 8.31–15.39% improvements for R2 at three-folds samples. On longer time scales, our model also shows better results than previous studies. Additionally, for high-pollution provinces, our model can capture PM2.5 trends more preciously than the traditional model. Under severe haze, our hierarchical model can also rightly reflect PM2.5 changes. Overall, due to the hierarchical strategy, our ML-based model can obtain daily full-coverage PM2.5 maps in China with high accuracy and can be applied for follow-up studies.

For many applications, raw satellite observations need to be converted to high-level products of various essential environmental variables. While numerous products are available at kilometer spatial resolutions, there are few global products at high spatial resolutions (10–30 m), which are also referred to fine or medium resolutions in the literature. To facilitate the development of more high spatial resolution products, this paper systematically reviews the state-of-the-art progress on inversion algorithms and publicly available regional and global products. We begin with an inventory of available high-resolution satellite data, and then present different algorithms for determining cloud masks, estimating aerosol optical depth, and performing atmospheric correction and topographic correction for land surface reflectance retrieval. The majority of this paper reviews the inversion algorithms and existing regional to global products of 18 variables in four major categories: 1) Land surface radiation, including broadband albedo, land surface temperature, and all-wave net radiation; 2) Terrestrial ecosystem variables, including leaf area index, fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation, fractional vegetation cover, fractional forest cover, tree height, forest above-ground biomass gross primary production, net primary production, and agricultural crop yield; 3) Water cycle and cryosphere, including soil moisture, evapotranspiration, and snow cover; and 4) Land surface types, such as global land cover, impervious surface, inland water, crop type, and fire. Since the existing products over large regions are usually spatially discontinuous due to cloud contamination, different data fusion and data assimilation algorithms and some products for producing spatially seamless and temporally continuous products are presented. In the end, we discuss a variety of challenges in generating global high spatial resolution satellite products.

We report on a previously non-HIV-diagnosed, 47-year-old male diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM) and cryptococcal meningoencephalitis, who was referred to our institution for antifungal treatment. During the course of treatment, due to the development of refractory intracranial hypertension, Ommaya reservoirs were employed for cranial pressure reduction. The patient gradually recovered during subsequent antifungal therapy; however, symptoms worsened in the third month of treatment, leading to consideration of post-infectious inflammatory response syndrome (PIIRS) on examination. Once diagnosed, the symptoms improved significantly after approximately 130 days of treatment with additional corticosteroids.

IntroductionApolipoprotein E (APOE) epsilon 4 is regarded as the most significant genetic contributor linked to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Daily life elements might also influence cognitive abilities to some extent. This research aimed to investigate whether carrying APOE ε4 alters the effects of lifestyle on cognitive ability.MethodsThe research included 1871 senior community members with APOE gene data, all participating in clinical, neuropsychological, and daily living factor assessments. Based on their APOE ε4 status, they were categorized into two groups: the APOE ε4 group (n = 362) and the non-APOE ε4 group (n = 1,509). Subsequently, a multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to investigate the link between cognitive deficits and APOE ε4, along with lifestyle patterns.ResultsOur research revealed a reduced incidence of MCI (OR = 0.745, 95% CI: 0.587–0.945, p = 0.015) and dementia (OR = 0.422, 95% CI: 0.259–0.688, p = 0.001) in the non-APOE ε4 carriers. Furthermore, the general linear regression analysis revealed a notable interplay between APOE ε4 and sleep disturbances, potentially impacting cognitive deterioration together (F = 6.817, p = 0.001).ConclusionsThe research indicates that possessing APOE ε4 alters the impact of everyday life factors on cognitive decline. In addition, there is a significant interaction between APOE ε4 and sleep disorders, which may jointly lead to the appearance of cognitive impairment.

Nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) has garnered significant attention as an efficient advanced oxidation activator, but its practical application is hindered by aggregation and oxidation. Coating nZVI with carbon can effectively addresses these issues. A simple and scalable production method for carbon-coated nZVI composite is highly desirable. The anti-oxidation and catalytic performance of carbon-coated nZVI composite merit in-depth research. In this study, a highly stable carbon-coated core-shell nZVI composite (Fe0@RF-C) was successfully prepared using a simple method combining phenolic resin embedding and carbothermal reduction. Fe0@RF-C was employed as a heterogeneous persulfate (PS) activator for degrading 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone (BP-1), an emerging contaminant. Compared to commercial nZVI, Fe0@RF-C exhibited superior PS activation performance and oxidation resistance. Nearly 95% of BP-1 was removed within 10 min in the Fe0@RF-C/PS system. The carbon layer promotes the enrichment of BP-1 and accelerates its degradation through singlet oxygen oxidation and direct electron transfer processes. This study provides a straightforward approach for designing highly stable carbon-coated nZVI composite and elucidates the enhanced catalytic performance mechanism by carbon layers.

Abstract The sensory–neuromorphic interface is key to the application of neuromorphic electronics. Artificial spiking neurons and artificial sensory nerves have been created, and a few studies showed a complete neuromorphic system through cointegration with synaptic electronics. However, artificial synaptic devices and systems often do not work in real environments, which limits their ability to provide realistic neural simulations and interface with biological nerves. We report a sensory–neuromorphic interface that uses a fiber synapse to emulate a biological afferent nerve. For the first time, a sensing–neuromorphic interface is connected to a living organism for peripheral nerve stimulation, allowing the organism to establish a connection with its surrounding environment. The interface converts perceived environmental information into analog electrical signals and then into frequency‐dependent pulse signals, which simplify the information interface between the sensor and the pulse‐data processing center. The frequency of the interface shows a sublinear dependence on strain amplitude at different stimulus intensities, and can deliver increased frequency spikes at potentially damaging stimulus intensities, similar to the response of biological afferent nerves. To verify the application of this interface, a system that monitors strain and provides an overstrain alarm was constructed based on this afferent neural circuit. The system has a response time of

Objectives Pancreatic cancer presents a formidable challenge with its aggressive nature and dismal prognosis, often hampered by elusive early symptoms. The tumor microenvironment (TME) emerges as a pivotal player in pancreatic cancer progression and treatment responses, characterized notably by hypoxia and immunosuppression. In this study, we aimed to identify hypoxia-related genes and develop a prognostic model for pancreatic cancer leveraging these genes. Methods Through analysis of gene expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and subsequent GO/KEGG enrichment analysis, hypoxia-related pathways were identified. We constructed a prognostic model using lasso regression and validated it using an independent dataset. Results Our results showed that expression levels of PLAU, SLC2A1, and CA9 exhibited significant associations with prognosis in pancreatic cancer. The prognostic model, built upon these genes, displayed robust predictive accuracy and was validated in an independent dataset. Furthermore, we found a correlation between the risk score of the prognostic model and clinical parameters of pancreatic cancer patients. At the same time, we also explored the relationship between the established hypoxia-related prognostic model and the immune microenvironment at the single-cell level. RT-qPCR results showed notable differences in the expression of hypoxia pathway-related genes between normal PANC-1 and hypoxic-treated PANC-1 cells. Conclusion Our study provides insights into the role of the hypoxic microenvironment in pancreatic cancer and offers a promising prognostic tool for clinical application.

Despite the unique advantages of IgG3 over other IgG subclasses, such as mediating enhanced effector functions and increased flexibility in antigen binding due to a long hinge region, the therapeutic potential of IgG3 remains largely unexplored. This may be attributed to difficulties in recombinant expression and the reduced plasma half-life of most IgG3 allotypes. Here, we report plant expression of two SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that exhibit high (P5C3) and low (H4) antigen binding. P5C3 and H4-IgG1 mAbs were subclass-switched to IgG3 formats, designed for efficient production and increased PK values, carrying three allotypic variations, referred to as -WT, -H, and -KVH. A total of eight mAbs were produced in glycoengineered plants that synthesize fucose-free complex N-glycans with great homogeneity. Antigen, IgG-FcγR immune complex and complement binding studies demonstrated similar activities of all mAbs. In accordance, P5C3 Abs showed minor alterations in SARS-CoV-2 neutralization (NT) and antibody-dependent cell-mediated virus inhibition (ADCVI). Clear functional differences were observed between H4 variants with superior ADCVI and NT potencies of H4 IgG3 H. Our comparative study demonstrates the production of an IgG3 variant carrying an Fc domain with equivalent or enhanced functions compared to IgG3-WT, but with the stability and PK values ​​of IgG1. Our data also demonstrate that both allotypic variability and antibody specificity are important for fine-tuning of activities, an important information for the development of future therapeutics.

IntroductionMedical students’ autonomous learning is a cornerstone of their educational journey. Formative assessment is defined as a process to enhance learning and improve academic performance, and the key to the effectiveness of formative assessment is the students’ perceptions of it. The present study investigates the impacts of perceived formative assessment on the learning autonomy of medical students, explores the chain mediating role of psychological empowerment and positive academic emotions, and offers strategies for facilitating medical students’ autonomous learning.MethodsA cross-sectional investigation was conducted using a convenience sampling method involving 713 medical students (mean age 19.72 ± 1.18 years; 207 male and 506 female students; the proportion of participants is 93.69%) in Shandong Second Medical University. Perceived formative assessment was performed using a self-designed questionnaire of Perceived Formative Evaluation for Medical Students, learning autonomy using the Autonomy in Learning Rating Scale for College Students, positive academic emotions using the General Academic Emotion Questionnaire for College Students, and psychological empowerment of medical students using the Chinese version of Psychological Empowerment Scale (PES). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, multiple regression, and mediation analysis using the SPSS26.0 program and PROCESS3.1.ResultsPerceived formative assessment significantly predicted learning autonomy (β = 0.06, p < 0.05). It also positively predicted psychological empowerment (β = 0.20, p < 0.001), and psychological empowerment positively predicted the learning autonomy of medical students (β = 0.36, p < 0.001). Psychological empowerment also positively predicted positive academic emotions (β = 0.64, p < 0.001), and positive academic emotions positively predicted learning autonomy (β = 0.44, p < 0.001). The direct effect value of perceived formative assessment on learning autonomy was 0.18, while the total indirect effect was 0.43. The mediation effect of psychological empowerment on the relationship between perceived formative assessment and learning autonomy was 0.22, and the chain mediation effect of psychological empowerment and positive academic emotions was 0.18, accounting for 30%, 70%, 36%, and 30% of the total effect, respectively.ConclusionPerceived formative assessment directly enhances medical students’ learning autonomy. This relationship is partially mediated by psychological empowerment and positive academic emotions. The results suggest that formative evaluation boosts psychological empowerment, which fosters positive academic emotions and further promotes learning autonomy.

Metal rubber, which has the advantages of low density, strong environmental adaptability, and excellent design flexibility, is widely applied in manufacturing industries such as the aerospace, shipping, and automotive industries. Based on the research object of flexible porous metal rubber (FPMR) structures made of high-temperature elastic alloys, this study established a constitutive model for the quasi-static mechanical properties of FPMR structure under ultra-wide temperature range conditions. Firstly, the forming mechanism and the influencing factors of the static stiffness properties of the FPMR micro-structure were analyzed. Then, the theoretical model of the FPMR micro-element spring was established by applying the cylindrical spiral compression spring stiffness theory, and the theoretical model was corrected based on the large deformation theory and numerical analysis methods. A comparative analysis was carried out through the corrected theoretical model and the test results of different test samples. And the results show that the corrected theoretical model can comprehensively reflect the nonlinear quasi-static stiffness characteristics of the FPMR structure in an ultra-wide temperature range. More importantly, by comparison with the prediction models proposed by other scholars, it is proved that the model proposed in this paper has higher prediction accuracy and the goodness of fit R2 is closer to 1, which provides a theoretical basis for the application of metal rubber in flexible support structures under ultra-high temperature environments.

Intelligent recognition technology for underground safety violations in coal mines has become the primary means of safety management and information acquisition. However, the accuracy of intelligent recognition is reduced by factors such as low illumination, point light sources, and high dust in the underground spatial environment. To overcome those problems, this paper proposes a multi-weight fusion image enhancement method, which achieves the fusion enhancement of image brightness and illumination balance. The monitoring image brightness is increased by using the Gamma algorithm. Based on the brightness enhancement, the HSV spatial transformation is carried out to keep the hue component and saturation component unchanged, the illumination component is extracted by using a multi-scale Gaussian function, and then the regions where the illumination component is too strong and too weak are adjusted by using an improved two-dimensional gamma function to achieve an illumination equalization. Combining the three weights of Laplacian contrast, luminance, and saturation and fusing the luminance-enhanced and illuminance-balanced images by Gaussian and Laplacian pyramids, the intelligent surveillance image enhancement is achieved. Through the experimental verification of the intelligent recognition of helmets in mine monitoring, the image enhancement method proposed in this paper and the MSR, MSRCP, MSRCR, and AMSRCR algorithms are evaluated in terms of image evaluation indexes such as standard deviation, peak signal-to-noise ratio, and information entropy, and the peak signal-to-noise ratio is improved by 32.44% on average compared with other algorithms, the standard deviation is improved by 115.38% on average compared with the original image, and the average improvement in standard deviation is 115.38% compared with the original image and 47.30% compared with other algorithms, and the accuracy of helmet recognition reaches 86.7%, an average improvement of 47.52% compared with other algorithms. The results show that the algorithm in this paper can effectively improve the contrast and clarity of mine images, reduce the halo phenomenon, and significantly improve the accuracy of target recognition in intelligent mine monitoring. It can lay a solid foundation for the intelligent identification of safety violations in underground coal mines.

Abstract Background Drug use disorders (DUDs) have emerged as one of the most significant public health crises, exerting a substantial influence on both community health and socio-economic progress. The United States (US) also suffers a heavy burden, it is necessary to figure out the situation from multiple perspectives and take effective measures to deal with it. Therefore, using the data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) 2021, we evaluated this topic. Methods Annual data on DUDs-related burden were collected from the GBD study 2021. We calculated the indicator of estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) to evaluate the changing trend of burden. The Bayesian model for age-period-cohort was introduced to forecast the burden. Results In 2021, the number and age-standardized rate of prevalence were particularly prominent, with 12,146.95 thousand and 3821.43 per 100,000, respectively. Higher burden was also observed in males, 15–45 years old populations, and opioid use disorders subtype. From 1990 to 2021, the DUDs-related burden increased in the US and all states, especially in West Virginia; and the national death-related burden with the highest increase (EAPC = 7.96). Other significant inverse associations were seen between EAPC, age-standardized rates, and socio-demographic index (SDI). Moreover, in the next 14 years, the projected DUDs burden remains exigent. Conclusions The burden of DUDs in the US is heavy and has been enlarging. This study proposes that greater attention should be paid to the strategies in males, the younger population, opioid use disorders, and low-SDI states implemented by decision-makers to achieve goals such as reducing burden.

Abstract Greenhouse gases (GHGs) are generated during fermentation in silages, especially in barley silage. However, little is known regarding the dynamics of GHG production in silages during fermentation. In the present study, GHG accumulation and reduction were assessed in barley silage. Barley was harvested at the milk stage and ensiled without (CK) or with two commercial lactic acid bacterial (LAB) additives (L1 or L2). Gas and GHG (CO2, N2O, and CH4) production, fermentation quality, fermentation weight loss (FWL), and bacterial communities were analyzed at d 0, 1, 3, 6, 15, 35, and 90 after ensiling. Gas and GHG production rapidly increased in CK during the first 3 days and in L1 and L2 during the first day and then decreased (P

Abstract Background Selenium is essential for livestock and human health. The traditional way of adding selenium to livestock diets has limitations, and there is a growing trend to provide livestock with a safe and efficient source of selenium through selenium-enriched pasture. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of selenium enrichment on fermentation characteristics, selenium content, selenium morphology, microbial community and in vitro digestion of silage alfalfa by using unenriched (CK) and selenium-enriched (Se) alfalfa as raw material for silage. Results In this study, selenium enrichment significantly increased crude protein, soluble carbohydrate, total selenium, and organic selenium contents of alfalfa silage fresh and post-silage samples, and it significantly decreased neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents (p

Abstract Background Influenza A virus infections can occur in multiple species. Eurasian avian-like swine influenza A (H1N1) viruses (EAS-H1N1) are predominant in swine and occasionally infect humans. A Eurasian avian-like swine influenza A (H1N1) virus was isolated from a boy who was suffering from fever; this strain was designated A/Shandong-binzhou/01/2021 (H1N1). The aims of this study were to investigate the characteristics of this virus and to draw attention to the need for surveillance of influenza virus infection in swine and humans. Methods Throat-swab specimens were collected and subjected to real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‒PCR). Positive clinical specimens were inoculated onto Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells to isolate the virus, which was confirmed by a haemagglutination assay. Then, whole-genome sequencing was carried out using an Illumina MiSeq platform, and phylogenetic analysis was performed with MEGA X software. Results RT‒PCR revealed that the throat-swab specimens were positive for EAS-H1N1, and the virus was subsequently successfully isolated from MDCK cells; this strain was named A/Shandong-binzhou/01/2021 (H1N1). Whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed that A/Shandong-binzhou/01/2021 (H1N1) is a novel triple-reassortant EAS-H1N1 lineage that contains gene segments from EAS-H1N1 (HA and NA), triple-reassortant swine influenza H1N2 virus (NS) and A(H1N1) pdm09 viruses (PB2, PB1, PA, NP and MP). Conclusions The isolation and analysis of the A/Shandong-binzhou/01/2021 (H1N1) virus provide further evidence that EAS-H1N1 poses a threat to human health, and greater attention should be given to the surveillance of influenza virus infections in swine and humans.

ObjectiveTo understand the prevalence of and association of the number of natural teeth with frailty among the community-dwelling older people in Guangzhou city, and to provide evidence for frailty prevention of and health management in the population. MethodsA face-to-face questionnaire survey and oral examination were conducted among 1 342 elderly residents (aged 65 years and older) recruited through random cluster sampling in a community in a district of Guangzhou city, Guangdong province, from September to October 2021. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between frailty and the number of natural teeth in older people. ResultsOf the 1 153 participants finally included in the analysis, 224 (19.4%) were classified as frail, and the numbers (percentages) of participants with zero, 1 – 10, 11 – 20, and more than 20 natural teeth were 207 (18.0%), 184 (16.0%), 239 (20.7%), and 523 (45.3%), respectively. After adjustment for sex, age, education, average monthly personal income, living alone, smoking, alcohol consumption, home renovation in the last 2 years, and use of biomass fuel, multivariate logistic regression results showed that participants with a higher number of natural teeth had a reduced risk of frailty compared to those with no natural teeth, with odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of 0. 57 (0.35 – 0.92), 0.64 (0.25 – 0.99), and 0.37 (0.25 – 0.54) for those with 1 – 10, 11 – 20, and >20 natural teeth, respectively. ConclusionThe number of natural teeth is inversely correlated with the prevalence of frailty among community-dwelling older people in Guangzhou city.

Generative artificial intelligence (GAI) is a technology based on algorithms, models, etc., that creates content such as text, audio, images, videos, and code. GAI is deeply integrated into journalism as tools, platforms and systems. However, GAI’s role in journalism dilutes the power of media professionals, changes traditional news production and poses ethical questions. This study attempts to systematically answer these ethical questions in specific journalistic practices from the perspectives of journalistic professionalism and epistemology. Building on the review of GAI’s development and application, this study identifies the responsibilities of news organizations, journalists and audiences, ensuring that they realize the potential of GAI while adhering to journalism professionalism and universal human values to avoid negative technological effects.

Abstract Light-induced spin currents with the faster response is essential for the more efficient information transmission and processing. Herein, we systematically explore the effect of light illumination energy and direction on the light-induced spin currents in the W/Y3Fe5O12 heterojunction. Light-induced spin currents can be clearly categorized into two types. One is excited by the low light intensity, which mainly involves the photo-generated spin current from spin photovoltaic effect. The other is caused by the high light intensity, which is the light-thermally induced spin current and mainly excited by spin Seebeck effect. Under low light-intensity illumination, light-thermally induced temperature gradient is very small so that spin Seebeck effect can be neglected. Furthermore, the mechanism on spin photovoltaic effect is fully elucidated, where the photo-generated spin current in Y3Fe5O12 mainly originates from the process of spin precession induced by photons. These findings provide some deep insights into the origin of light-induced spin current.

Abstract Dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) with large actuation strain and high energy density are highly desirable for actuating soft robots. However, DEAs usually require high driving electric fields (>100 MV m−1) to achieve high performances due to the low dielectric constant and high stiffness of dielectric elastomers (DEs). Here, we introduce polar fluorinated groups and nanodomains aggregated by long alkyl side chains into DE design, simultaneously endowing DE with a high dielectric constant and desirable modulus. Our DE exhibits a maximum area strain of 253% at a low driving electric field of 46 MV m−1. Notably, it achieves an ultrahigh specific energy of 225 J kg−1 at only‍‌ ‌‌40‍‌ MV m−1, around 6 times higher than natural muscle and twice higher than the state-of-the-art DE. Using our DE, soft robots reach an ultrafast running speed of 20.6 BL s−1, 60 times higher than that of commercial VHB 4910, representing the fastest DEA-driven soft robots ever reported.

Abstract Feed shortage has hindered the development of the world’s livestock industry, and the rational use of non-conventional forages can help resolve this issue. To improve the fermentation quality of Caragana korshinskii silage, this study isolated lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from fresh Caragana korshinskii and silage samples, as alternatives to traditional commercial LAB inoculants. Utilizing Single Molecule, Real-Time (SMRT) sequencing technology and metabolomics analysis, the microbial community structure and metabolome were examined after 60 days of fermentation to elucidate the mechanism by which isolated LAB affect the fermentation quality of Caragana korshinskii silage. After 60 days of ensiling, the dominant microbial population in the silage shifted from harmful bacteria such as Erwinia, Pantoea, and Enterobacter to LAB. Compared to commercial LAB, the isolated Lactiplantibacillus plantarum significantly reduced the microbial diversity of Caragana korshinskii silage. The species composition of LAB became simpler with Lentilactobacillus parakefiri dominating and achieving a higher relative abundance. By down-regulating Butanoate metabolism and the Pentose phosphate pathway and up-regulating the Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism pathway, the isolated Lactiplantibacillus plantarum significantly lowered the pH of the silage, increased the content of water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and lactic acid (LA), reduced the neutral detergent fiber content (NDF), and improved in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility (IVNDFD), thereby enhancing the fermentation quality of Caragana korshinskii silage. On the other hand, the isolated Limosilactobacillus fermentum had the opposite effect, with its ensiling outcome being less effective than that of commercial LAB. The results of the study indicate that the addition of the isolated Lactiplantibacillus plantarum improved the quality of Caragana korshinskii silage by regulating metabolic pathways and the composition of microbes within the ensiled feed. Graphical Abstract

Abstract For the first time, a control strategy based on Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control is implemented in the control of a large amplitude limit cycle of a composite cantilever beam in a multi-dimensional nonlinear form. In the dynamic model establishment of the investigated structure, the higher-order shearing effect is applied, as well as the second-order discretization. Numerical simulation demonstrates that a multi-dimensional nonlinear dynamic system of the investigated structure is demanded for accurate estimation of large amplitude limit cycle responses. Therefore, a control strategy is employed to effectively suppress such responses of the beam in multi-dimensional nonlinear form.

Microplastic (MP) pollution prevalent in freshwater environments and jeopardizes the organisms living there. Dozens of studies have been conducted to investigate the harmful effects of microplastics on organisms. However, the most diverse and sensitive aquatic insects are often overlooked, also there is a lack of a comprehensive research exploring the toxicity of microplastics. Here, taking the damselfly larvae (Ischnura elegans) as the subject, we investigated the effects of different concentration levels of polystyrene microplastics (PS MPs) on their physiological characters, behavioristics, metabolomics and transcriptomics, as well as gut microbiome. The results showed that the PS MPs had no significant effects on the body weight and survival rate, but led to behavioral inhibition. Furthermore, expression levels of some metabolites altered, such as nicotinic acid, fumaric acid, and stearic acid. Meanwhile, the pathways related to oxidative phosphorylation and carbon metabolism were upregulated at the transcriptomic level. Moreover, there was a modification of the gut microbial community, with an increase in species richness but a shift towards potentially harmful bacteria. Our findings suggested that exposure to PS MPs affected the overall health of damselfly larvae. Therefore, effective management of MPs to minimize their environmental input is crucial in reducing health risks to aquatic organisms.

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to conduct a systematic evaluation of exercise interventions’ effectiveness on antenatal depressive symptoms in pregnant women and to investigate the impact of different intervention factors on the relationship between exercise and antenatal depressive symptoms.MethodsWe conducted comprehensive searches in several databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and others. The search period covered from database inception to May 2023. After thorough screening, a total of 7 papers with 524 subjects were included in the analysis.ResultsThe meta-analysis revealed that the overall effect size of exercise intervention on antenatal depressive symptoms in pregnant women was SMD = -0.41, with a 95% confidence interval of [-0.78, -0.05], and P = 0.03, indicating a significant improvement in depressive symptoms due to exercise intervention during the antenatal period. However, some degree of heterogeneity was observed among the studies, with I² = 74%, P = 0.0007.ConclusionThe results indicate that exercise interventions significantly contribute to the improvement of antenatal depressive symptoms in pregnant women, as inferred from the combined findings of the studies. Notably, static exercise intervention showed better results than dynamic exercise intervention. Moreover, interventions conducted before 20 weeks’ gestation had superior outcomes compared to those conducted after 20 weeks’ gestation, and interventions lasting longer than the trimester duration exhibited more favorable effects than shorter interventions. However, to validate these findings and optimise exercise intervention protocols for better antenatal maternal depressive symptom management, larger sample sizes and more comprehensive studies are required, given the observed heterogeneity and potential limitations in the present study.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ PROSPERO, identifier (CRD42023422315).

Dairy farming is a notable source of nitrogen (N) emissions, impacting both atmospheric and aquatic ecosystems, thus necessitating a detailed analysis of nutrient dynamics to curtail nutrient wastage. However, N flow variability and its environmental ramifications differ markedly among dairy farms, and a holistic understanding of these differences is lacking in Inner Mongolia, the biggest dairy production province in China. Utilizing data from 187 dairy farms and employing the NUFER-farm model, this study assessed N flows, N use efficiency (NUE), and N losses across four predominant dairy farming systems in Inner Mongolia. These systems include traditional pastoral dairy farms (PF), smallholder dairy farms with croplands (SF), industrial landless farms (IDF), and coupled dairy cattle and cropland-intensive farms (CDF). Our findings indicate considerable differences in N flows, NUE, and losses among the systems. On average, N deposition and N fertilizer were the primary N sources for PF and SF, respectively, whereas IDF and CDF derived over 90% of their N inputs from purchased feeds. PF and SF recycled all available manure N on-farm, whereas IDF and CDF recycled only approximately 36% of the total available manure N. N losses constituted 39–72% of total N outputs, with ammonia emissions accounting for 68–73% of total N losses across all farm types. In particular, PF had a higher N loss per kilogram of dairy product than other systems. Farm-level NUE ranged from 17 to 35%, with manure management practices showing significant variability, underscoring the potential for enhanced strategies to reduce N losses through improved manure treatment.

The hospital is a workplace full of stressful events for healthcare workers (HCWs) due to unpredictable changes in their daily routines. Perceptions of stressful events (stress mindset) have a significant impact on an individual’s health and well-being. However, few studies have reported the factors and potential counter mechanisms influencing these perceptions. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between empathy, self-disclosure, social support, and stress mindset of HCWs, and to explore the mechanism of empathy on stress mindset. Five hundred and eight HCWs (35.2% men and 64.8% women) completed the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), the Distress Disclosure Index (DDI), the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), the Stress Mindset Measure (SMM), and demographic questionnaires online in China. The results showed that empathy was positively linked with stress mindset and positively correlated with self-disclosure and social support. In the multiple mediating model, self-disclosure and social support mediated the association between empathy and stress mindset sequentially. The results imply that empathy, self-disclosure, and social support play a significant role in the formation of HCWs’ stress mindset. These findings have substantial ramifications for reducing stress and creating successful government interventions to fortify stress mindset in healthcare.

Liquid nitrogen has emerged as a promising fracturing medium for unconventional natural gas extraction, particularly in the context of coalbed methane extraction, generating significant interest in recent times. In this paper, we analyze the acoustic emission (AE) characteristics of coal samples treated with liquid nitrogen under three-point bending load conditions using indoor experiments and field investigations. We investigate the impact of liquid nitrogen on coal samples by analyzing AE data. The mechanical properties of coal samples with varying initial temperatures were tested under three-point bending load conditions after treatment with liquid nitrogen. The load-displacement curve was analyzed to study the mechanical properties of the coal samples after treatment with liquid nitrogen. Through indoor three-point bending experiments, data analysis, and knowledge of mechanics, we systematically investigated the changes in mechanical properties caused by liquid nitrogen treatment under different conditions. The results demonstrate that the application of liquid nitrogen has significant impacts on the mechanical and AE characteristics of coal samples. The load-displacement curve indicated that the mechanical properties of the coal samples changed after treatment with liquid nitrogen. The AE experiment revealed regular changes in vibration and energy parameters of coal samples after liquid nitrogen treatment under different conditions. We further investigated the changes in mechanical properties and deformation characteristics of coal samples after undergoing liquid nitrogen freezing and thawing in differing environments. Graphs such as load-displacement curves, load-time curves, cumulative vibration count-energy count graphs, and RA-AF density distribution diagrams visually demonstrated the changes in mechanical properties and deformation characteristics. Through an integrated approach of indoor experiments, data analysis, and knowledge of mechanics, our study provides a better understanding of the behavior of coal samples under different conditions. This understanding can contribute to the development of safer and more efficient methods for extracting coalbed methane.

The scarcity of the early Precambrian geological record limits our comprehension of crucial information concerning interactions between the crust and mantle, mechanisms involved in subduction zone arc-continental collisions, as well as patterns of mantle enrichment and crustal growth during this epoch. The Dengfeng terrane in the North China Craton provides significant data on Precambrian crustal evolution, particularly within the Neoarchean magmatic suites. Our study focuses on a variety of basic rocks across several locations in this region. Basic rocks from Huishansi and Sanhuangzhai (2558–2525 Ma) exhibit characteristics such as low SiO2 (45.44–56.54 wt%), K2O (0.77–2.7 wt%), Na2O (1.66–4.51 wt%), and high MgO (4.66–11.22 wt%) and FeOT (8.17–13.77 wt%). Similarly, basic rocks from Shipaihe and Guojiayao (2480 Ma) also display low SiO2 (46.16–52.48 wt%), K2O (0.24–1.28 wt%), and Na2O (1.87–3.75 wt%), with FeOT (1.07–2.31 wt%), but feature higher content of MgO (5.33–8.83 wt%) and Mg# (44–62, averaging 53). Both sets exhibit relatively flat REE patterns and weak negative anomalies in Nb, Ta, and Ti, corresponding to a tholeiitic basalt composition for the protoliths. Analyzing low (Hf/Sm)N, (Nb/La)N, and Th/Yb ratios, coupled with depleted HFSE, suggests potential crustal contamination in the rocks from Huishansi and Sanhuangzhai. Further, based on low V/Sc ratios (5.38–10.27, average 7.02) and depleted zircon ƐHf(t) values, our proposition is that the magma was sourced through partial melting of a depleted and relatively reduced mantle source. These findings offer valuable insights into the tectonic evolution of the Dengfeng terrane, spanning from subduction to post-collisional extension.

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) with wide electrochemically stable window and high lithium-ion transference number (tLi+) are a requirement for high energy density lithium batteries. Here, we construct a copolymer electrolyte (PDA) with ether-ester bifunctional groups that exhibits a low highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level by in situ polymerization. Compared to the poly(1,3-dioxolane) (PDOL) pure polyether electrolyte, the weakening of the ion-dipole interaction between lithium salt and polymer in the PDA electrolyte promotes the formation of a “weak solvation” structure. Therefore, the electrolyte achieves high oxidative stability (4.6 V vs. Li+/ Li with a standard leakage current of 10 μA), high Li+ transference number (0.60), and importantly, derives a stable LiF-rich composition on high voltage cathode surface. Which ultimately enables stable cycling of Li||LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523) batteries at a range of 3.0–4.3 V. This work provides a fundamental understanding of the design of antioxidant SPEs to achieve high energy density lithium batteries.

Summary: Abnormal epigenetics is the initial factor of the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis (OA), and abnormal mechanical load is a key pathogenic factor of OA. However, how abnormal mechanical load affects chondrocyte epigenetics is unclear. Chondrocytes reportedly respond to mechanics through the extracellular matrix (ECM), which has a role in regulating epigenetics in various diseases, and mitochondria are potential mediators of communication between mechanics and epigenetics. Therefore, it is hypothesized that the matrix mechanics of cartilage regulates their epigenetics through mitochondria and leads to OA. The matrix stiffness of OA cartilage on the stress-concentrated side increases, mitochondrial damage of chondrocyte is severe, and the chondrocyte H3K27me3 is demethylated. Moreover, mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opens to increase the translocation of plant homeodomain finger protein 8 (Phf8) into the nucleus to catalyze H3K27me3 demethylation. This provides a new perspective for us to understand the mechanism of OA based on mechanobiology.