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Fang-Hong Shi,1,&ast; Bin-Bin Yu,2,&ast; Long Shen,3,&ast; Li Xu,3 Yi-Hong Jiang,4 Zhi-Chun Gu,1 Hou-Wen Lin,1 Hao Li5 1Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Pharmacy, Huangyan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Cardiology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Endocrinology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 5Clinical Research Ward, Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Zhi-Chun Gu, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China, Email guzhichun213@163.com Hao Li, Clinical Research Ward, Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China, Email lihao19880810@hotmail.comPurpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether intervention by clinical pharmacists can improve blood glucose and lipid levels in diabetic patients with complex medical conditions.Methods: The retrospective database included 138 patients with diabetes who had presented with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) between January 2019 and October 2021. Blood glucose and lipid levels were measured within 12 weeks and 78 weeks of follow-up. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance the confounding effects of patients’ characteristics.Results: A total of 138 eligible patients were assigned to either the intervention group (n = 47) or the usual care group (n = 91). After the intervention, there were significant improvements in blood glucose (glycosylated hemoglobin-HbA1C % from 9.0 to 8.3; fasting blood glucose-FBG mmol/L from 11.3 to 7.1; postprandial blood glucose-PBG mmol/L from 17.0 to 12.1; p < 0.001) and lipid levels (total cholesterol-TC from 4.9 to 3.5, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-LDL-C from 3.0 to 1.8, p < 0.001, mmol/L) in both follow-up periods. The blood glucose effects were most pronounced in the PBG control rate (76.9% vs 54.0%) before PSM, while HbA1C% and PBG control rate after PSM were significantly higher in the intervention group (HbA1C% rate: 65.6% vs 38.5%; PBG rate: 79.2% vs 45.8%; p < 0.05, intervention vs non-intervention). Subgroup analysis further confirmed the improvement of blood glucose and lipid mainly in patients with higher baseline FBG (≧10mmol/L) and moderate follow-up duration (4– 12 weeks).Conclusion: The intervention of clinical pharmacists in multidisciplinary team can significantly improve blood glucose and lipid levels in complex type 2 diabetic patients, especially those with high baseline FBG and moderate follow-up durations.Keywords: blood glucose, blood lipid, clinical pharmacist’s intervention, propensity score matching, complex diabetes

Hanh TH Nguyen,1,2 Khanh Linh Duong,2 Son T Nguyen,2 Quy Trinh,2 Hao TL Hoang,3 Toan Q Phung,4 Hsiang-Wen Lin,1,5 Huong TL Nguyen2 1School of Pharmacy and Graduate Institute, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; 2Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam; 3Pharmacy Department, Hanoi Oncology Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam; 4Pharmacy Department, Vietnam National Cancer Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam; 5Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, TaiwanCorrespondence: Huong TL Nguyen, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Vietnam, Tel +84 904 308 406, Fax +84 243 826 4464, Email huongntl@hup.edu.vnPurpose: This study aimed to evaluate the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and identify associated factors affecting the HRQOL after the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam.Patients and Methods: Patients with solid cancers receiving chemotherapy at two oncology hospitals in Vietnam during April and May 2021 were included. The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life Questionnaire version 3 was used to measure the HRQOL. Three questions were asked to explore patients’ concern levels about contracting COVID-19, delaying chemotherapy, or not controlling cancer well. One question was used to explore whether patients were concerned about cancer progression or COVID-19 infection more, or equally, or had no concern about both. Multiple regression models were conducted to examine factors associated with the global health status (GHS) score.Results: Of 270 included patients, mean (Standard deviation [SD]) GHS was 56.7 (20.8). Among the functional statuses, social functioning (SF) had the lowest score of 63.6 (29.2). The symptoms with the highest means were insomnia and fatigue, obtaining the score of 38.5 (31.7) and 37.3 (29.2), respectively. The mean of financial difficulties was 54.1 (32.2). In univariate analysis, high concerns about contracting COVID-19, delaying chemotherapy, not controlling cancer well, or more concern about either cancer or COVID-19 over the other were associated with worse GHS, physical functioning, emotional functioning, and SF. In multivariate analysis, those concerns and no income were significantly related to lower GHS scores besides the non-modifiable factors, such as female gender and some cancer types.Conclusion: Patients at the high concern levels, or with more concern about either cancer or COVID-19 over the other had poorer HRQOL. Interventions to address the concerns are required to improve their HRQOL, particularly for women, those without income, or with some specific cancers.Keywords: chemotherapy, COVID-19, EORTC QLQ-C30, quality of life, low economic status

Tian-Yong Hu,1,* Hua Zhang,1,* Yan-Yan Chen,1 Wei-Hua Jiao,2 Jun-Ting Fan,3 Zhi-Qiang Liu,1 Hou-Wen Lin,2 Bao-Hui Cheng1 1Shenzhen Key Laboratory of ENT, Institute of ENT and Longgang ENT Hospital, Shenzhen, 518172, People’s Republic of China; 2Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Hou-Wen LinShanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail franklin67@126.comBao-Hui ChengShenzhen Key Laboratory of ENT, Institute of ENT and Longgang ENT Hospital, 3004, Longgang Avenue, Longgang District, Shenzhen, 518172, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail chengbaohui@sina.comBackground: Marine natural products harbor a variety of pharmacological activities, and the sea species have been becoming a main source of new drug candidate. In pursuit of safer and more effective anti-inflammation drug, the anti-inflammatory activities, anti-oxygenation effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of compound dysiarenone from Dysidea arenaria were investigated via LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cell model.Methods: Firstly, RAW 264.7 cells have been stimulated with LPS and treated with dysiarenone, and the cell viability of the LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells was examined. One-step method, DCFH-DA fluorescence probe method was used to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS). The modulation of dysiarenone on anti-inflammation was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay by measuring the release of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6), and inflammatory mediators (LTB4). Further, the underlying anti-inflammatory mechanism of dysiarenone was explored by determining the expression of inducible 5-LOX, MAPKs, p-Akt, and p-NF-κB p65. Oxidative stress is tightly connected with inflammation, which was also evaluated through nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (OH-1) signaling pathway.Results: Our study unraveled that dysiarenone between 2 and 8 μM reduces the inflammation responses via suppressing the production of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) and inflammatory mediators (LTB4). Dysiarenone down-regulated the protein levels of inducible 5-LOX via the inhibition of phosphorylation of MAPKs (including p38, ERK), Akt and NF-κB p65. Additionally, dysiarenone decreases ROS accumulation by upregulating HO-1 expression via nuclear translocation of Nrf2.Conclusion: In conclusion, we demonstrated that dysiarenone possesses anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation activity via inhibiting 5-LOX/NF-κB/MAPK and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Dysiarenone might be a promising lead compound for inflammatory diseases.Keywords: dysiarenone, Dysidea arenaria, Nrf2, HO-1, NF-κB

Hongwei Lin,1,2 Qingchun Xie,1,2 Xin Huang,1,2 Junfeng Ban,1,2 Bo Wang,1,2 Xing Wei,3 Yanzhong Chen,1,2 Zhufen Lu1,2 1Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 3Guangdong Shennong Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China Aim: The aim of this work was to develop a novel vesicular carrier, ultradeformable liposomes (UDLs), to expand the applications of the Chinese herbal medicine, imperatorin (IMP), and increase its transdermal delivery. Methods: In this study, we prepared IMP-loaded UDLs using the thin-film hydration method and evaluated their encapsulation efficiency, vesicle deformability, skin permeation, and the amounts accumulated in different depths of the skin in vitro. The influence of different charged surfactants on the properties of the UDLs was also investigated. Results: The results showed that the UDLs containing cationic surfactants had high entrapment efficiency (60.32%±2.82%), an acceptable particle size (82.4±0.65 nm), high elasticity, and prolonged drug release. The penetration rate of IMP in cationic-UDLs was 3.45-fold greater than that of IMP suspension, which was the highest value among the vesicular carriers. UDLs modified with cationic surfactant also showed higher fluorescence intensity in deeper regions of the epidermis. Conclusion: The results of our study suggest that cationic surfactant-modified UDLs could increase the transdermal flux, prolong the release of the drug, and serve as an effective dermal delivery system for IMP. Keywords: ultradeformable liposomes, cationic, imperatorin, skin permeation, transdermal drug delivery

The questions of how the bulk of the Universe's visible mass emerges and how it is manifest in the existence and properties of hadrons are profound, and probe the heart of strongly interacting matter. Paradoxically, the lightest pseudoscalar mesons appear to be key to a further understanding of the emergent mass and structure mechanisms. These mesons, namely, the pion and kaon, are the Nambu-Goldstone boson modes of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Unravelling their partonic structure and the interplay between emergent and Higgs-boson mass mechanisms is a common goal of three interdependent approaches - continuum QCD phenomenology, lattice-regularised QCD, and the global analysis of parton distributions - linked to experimental measurements of hadron structure. Experimentally, the anticipated electron-ion collider will enable a revolution in our ability to study pion and kaon structures, accessed by scattering from the 'meson cloud' of the proton through the Sullivan process. With the goal of enabling a suite of measurements that can address these questions, we examine key reactions that identify the critical detector-system requirements needed to map tagged pion and kaon cross-sections over a wide range of kinematics. The excellent prospects for extracting pion structural, functional, and form-factor data are outlined, and similar prospects for kaon structures are discussed in the context of a worldwide programme. The successful completion of the programme outlined herein will deliver deep, far-reaching insights into the emergence of pions and kaons, their properties, and their role as QCD's Goldstone boson modes.

Understanding the origin and dynamics of hadron structure and in turn that of atomic nuclei is a central goal of nuclear physics. This challenge entails the questions of how does the roughly 1GeV mass-scale that characterizes atomic nuclei appear; why does it have the observed value; and, enigmatically, why are the composite Nambu-Goldstone (NG) bosons in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) abnormally light in comparison? In this perspective, we provide an analysis of the mass budget of the pion and proton in QCD; discuss the special role of the kaon, which lies near the boundary between dominance of strong and Higgs mass-generation mechanisms; and explain the need for a coherent effort in QCD phenomenology and continuum calculations, in exa-scale computing as provided by lattice QCD, and in experiments to make progress in understanding the origins of hadron masses and the distribution of that mass within them. We compare the unique capabilities foreseen at the electron-ion collider (EIC) with those at the hadron-electron ring accelerator (HERA), the only previous electron-proton collider; and describe five key experimental measurements, enabled by the EIC and aimed at delivering fundamental insights that will generate concrete answers to the questions of how mass and structure arise in the pion and kaon, the Standard Model's NG modes, whose surprisingly low mass is critical to the evolution of our Universe.

The Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF), a public–private enterprise, is a new time-domain survey employing a dedicated camera on the Palomar 48-inch Schmidt telescope with a 47 deg2 field of view and an 8 second readout time. It is well positioned in the development of time-domain astronomy, offering operations at 10% of the scale and style of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) with a single 1-m class survey telescope. The public surveys will cover the observable northern sky every three nights in g and r filters and the visible Galactic plane every night in g and r. Alerts generated by these surveys are sent in real time to brokers. A consortium of universities that provided funding (“partnership”) are undertaking several boutique surveys. The combination of these surveys producing one million alerts per night allows for exploration of transient and variable astrophysical phenomena brighter than r∼20.5 on timescales of minutes to years. We describe the primary science objectives driving ZTF, including the physics of supernovae and relativistic explosions, multi-messenger astrophysics, supernova cosmology, active galactic nuclei, and tidal disruption events, stellar variability, and solar system objects.

The Zwicky Transient Facility is a large optical survey in multiple filters producing hundreds of thousands of transient alerts per night. We describe here various machine learning (ML) implementations and plans to make the maximal use of the large data set by taking advantage of the temporal nature of the data, and further combining it with other data sets. We start with the initial steps of separating bogus candidates from real ones, separating stars and galaxies, and go on to the classification of real objects into various classes. Besides the usual methods (e.g., based on features extracted from light curves) we also describe early plans for alternate methods including the use of domain adaptation, and deep learning. In a similar fashion we describe efforts to detect fast moving asteroids. We also describe the use of the Zooniverse platform for helping with classifications through the creation of training samples, and active learning. Finally we mention the synergistic aspects of ZTF and LSST from the ML perspective.

The Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) is a new optical time-domain survey that uses the Palomar 48 inch Schmidt telescope. A custom-built wide-field camera provides a 47 deg 2 field of view and 8 s readout time, yielding more than an order of magnitude improvement in survey speed relative to its predecessor survey, the Palomar Transient Factory. We describe the design and implementation of the camera and observing system. The ZTF data system at the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center provides near-real-time reduction to identify moving and varying objects. We outline the analysis pipelines, data products, and associated archive. Finally, we present on-sky performance analysis and first scientific results from commissioning and the early survey. ZTF’s public alert stream will serve as a useful precursor for that of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope.

Fire activity in Indonesia is strongly linked with El Niño events, whose sea surface temperature (SST) patterns can weaken the Walker circulation to induce drought conditions in the region. Here we show via case analyses and idealized climate model simulations that it is the central location of the SST anomalies associated with El Niño, rather than its strength, that is mostly linked with the fire occurrence. During our study period of 1997-2015, Eastern Pacific (EP) El Niño events produced the largest fire events in southern Borneo (i.e., in 1997, 2006, and 2015), while Central Pacific (CP) El Niño events consistently produced minor fire events. The EP El Niño is found to be more capable than the CP El Niño of weakening the Walker circulation that acts to prolong Borneo's drought condition from September to October. The extended dry conditions in October potentially increase the occurrence of fires during EP El Niño years. The 2015 fire event owes its occurrence to the location of the 2015 El Niño but not necessarily its 'Godzilla' strength in affecting the fire episodes over southern Borneo. Projecting the location of El Niño events might be more important than projecting their strength for fire management in southern Borneo.

Traditional energy performance calculated using building simulation with the typical meteorological year (TMY) weather data represents the energy performance in a typical year but not necessarily the average or typical energy performance of a building in long term. Furthermore, the simulated results do not provide the range of variations due to the change of weather, which is important in building energy management and risk assessment of energy efficiency investment. This study analyzes the weather impact on peak electric demand and energy use by building simulation using 30-year actual meteorological year (AMY) weather data for three types of office buildings at two design efficiency levels across all 17 climate zones. The simulated results from the AMY are compared to those from TMY3 to determine and analyze the differences. It was found that yearly weather variation has significant impact on building performance especially peak electric demand. Energy savings of building technologies should be evaluated using simulations with multi-decade actual weather data to fully consider investment risk and the long term performance. Copyright © 2011 by IPAC'11/EPS-AG.

Acute bronchiolitis and asthma are respiratory tract diseases of childhood that are characterized by wheezing. However, the diagnosis of asthma is difficult in patients younger than 2 years. We evaluated the association between asthma or acute bronchiolitis and various risk factors in young children. This perspective cohort study included a study group of children younger than 2 years with a recorded diagnosis of acute bronchiolitis (N = 4,586) as well as a control group (N = 4,263). Children in both groups were registered between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2004, on the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database (2005), and each child was followed in our study until December 31, 2006, using data from the same source. Of the 8,849 children in our study, 355 experienced asthma during the 3-year follow-up period. Among these 355 asthma patients, 332 children (29.1 per 1,000 person-years, 95% CI 26.2-36.4) belonged to the acute bronchiolitis cohort and 23 children (2.0 per 1,000 person-years, 95% CI 13.3-29.9) belonged to the comparison cohort. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis showed that children with acute bronchiolitis were more likely to have asthma than the control population, after adjustment for potential confounders (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 13.55, 95% CI 8.87-20.71). Boys with acute bronchiolitis had a higher HR for asthma than girls during the 3-year follow-up. Children with acute bronchiolitis who lived in rural areas had a 1.49 HR for asthma compared with their urban counterparts. Children living in the northern region of Taiwan had a higher HR ratio than those in other regions. Sex, urbanization, and geographic region all showed significant associations with acute bronchiolitis and asthma. Based on the asthma-free survival curves of Kaplan-Meier analysis in our study, young children with acute bronchiolitis should be monitored for 2 years to prevent them from developing asthma. This was the first study to evaluate the length of time for which acute bronchiolitis poses a risk for the development of asthma in young children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Cystic masses of the supraclavicular fossa (SCF) are uncommon. The diverse anatomical structures within the SCF create an extended differential diagnosis for any mass arising in the SCF. This study describes the presenting symptoms, radiologic findings, medical and surgical management, and posttreatment outcomes of various cystic mass presenting in the SCF. A review of the literature and diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms are also provided. Methods: A retrospective study of an academic tertiary care head and neck cancer center was done. Seven cases of treated cystic masses of the SCF were identified. Diagnostic and therapeutic interventions are described. Results: Cross-sectional imaging and needle aspiration or biopsy were obtained in all 7 cases. Aspirates accurately differentiated benign from malignant lesions in 6 cases, identified the offending pathology in 3 cases, and provided inoculum for culture-directed antibiotic therapy in 1 case. Surgical intervention was used for definitive therapy in 6 cases. All patients achieved complete resolution of signs and symptoms of the mass. Conclusions: Effective evaluation of a cystic lesion within the SCF mandates a thorough understanding of the anatomy and differential diagnosis. A well-defined algorithm allows successful management of benign and malignant lesions in the SCF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective is to present an uncommon case of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) arising from extensive recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) involving the upper and lower airway and temporal bone. Study Design: This is a case report and a review of the literature. Methods: We describe a case of a 24-year-old woman with a history of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 11 since childhood originating in the larynx and trachea, then progressing to involve the distal pulmonary alveoli and right middle ear through the eustachian tube. Papillomatous growth was treated with multiple surgeries including laser cytoreduction of laryngotracheal papillomatosis and radical mastoidectomy, followed by a trial of chemotherapy. Despite this aggressive treatment regimen, papillomatous growth progressed with recurrence in the right eustachian tube, middle ear, and mastoid eventually extending to involve the calvaria and scalp. Results: The patient underwent a composite resection of involved tissues, including the scalp, auricle, and lateral temporal bone, with reconstruction using a latissimus dorsi free flap. Final pathologic analysis revealed an extensive infiltrative well-differentiated SCC arising from the papilloma. A review of the literature on aggressive respiratory papillomatosis suggests that malignant transformation of juvenile-onset RRP occurs exclusively in cases positive for HPV-11. Conclusions: We report an unusual case of SCC originating from extensive RRP involving the airway, temporal bone, and scalp and describe the medical and surgical management. Although the incidence of juvenile-onset RRP transformation to SCC is very low, the presence of HPV-11 as a risk factor for malignant transformation of RRP is becoming evident. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]