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Objective: The relationship between tinnitus in the elderly with hearing loss remains elusive. This study aimed to reveal the association between tinnitus and hearing impairment among older adults with age-related hearing loss (ARHL). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among a population of outpatients diagnosed with ARHL at four medical centers in different regions of China, from June 2020 to June 2023. ARHL patients were divided into two groups based on their self-reported tinnitus: tinnitus and non-tinnitus. Multivariable linear regression models were used to assess the association between tinnitus and hearing impairment in ARHL patients. Subgroup analyses, stratified by gender and age, were performed to further evaluate the association. Results: A total of 418 older adults with ARHL were included in the study. Compared to the non-tinnitus group, ARHL patients with tinnitus had lower hearing thresholds (β = −5.07; 95% confidence interval (CI) −9.32 to −0.81; p = 0.020). On subgroup analyses stratified by gender and age, the male ARHL patients with tinnitus still had lower hearing thresholds compared to those without tinnitus (β = −6.96; 95% CI −12.70 to 1.22; p = 0.018). In females, tinnitus was not associated with hearing thresholds (β = −3.69; 95% CI −10.11 to 2.74, p = 0.262). There was no association between tinnitus and hearing thresholds in both the age group of ≥70 years (β = −4.31; 95% CI −9.65 to 1.03; p = 0.116) and the age group of <70 years (β = −3.54; 95% CI −9.96 to 2.89; p = 0.282). Conclusion: Based on this multi-center cross-sectional study, we reveal that there is no evidence for the assumption that tinnitus may exacerbate hearing loss in the elderly for the first time. On the contrary, tinnitus is associated with better hearing in the male elderly with ARHL. More extensive longitudinal studies are needed to give a comprehensive insight of the present findings and the underlying mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT In order to verify the integrity of the query results in outsourced database model, we first present a new authenticated data structure by combining skip lists with polynomial functions and accumulators and then construct a data integrity verification scheme for range query. Our scheme can verify the integrity of the query results with constant time verification and constant size proof and support dynamic maintenance with constant computational cost. Compared with that of previous schemes, the communication cost in our scheme is independent of the size of the authenticated dataset and is lower. When dataset size gets larger enough, our scheme outperforms previous schemes in terms of the computational cost and verification cost. In addition, we introduce the designated verifier idea into our scheme, so our scheme achieves the result that none but subscribers can verify the integrity of the query results and then meets the practical demands such as the payment service. The proof of security and analysis of experiment performance show that our scheme is secure and efficient for larger outsourced databases. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports on the effectiveness of introducing multidrug resistance genes into hematopoietic cells when treating tumor patients. How the approach reduces myelotoxicity created by antitumor drugs; Concern that the nonspecific gene expression can increase the chemoresistance of tumor cells invading bone marrow; Details of a new strategy for specific myeloprotection; Construction of a recombinant retroviral vector containing multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) gene regulated by aminopeptidase N (APN) myeloid promoter; How it was introduced into myeloblastic cells KG1a and tumor cell line BEL7402; The specific transcript of MDR1 detected in KGla cells transduced with MDR1 gene and rhodamine 123 and extruded by Pgp, the protein of MDR1 gene; Finding that the resistance elevated markedly by 10.6, 10.4, 11.2, 4.2 and 14.2 folds in MDR1 gene-transduced KG1a cells to chemotherapeutic drugs such as cochicine, VP-16, vincristine, doxorubicin and paclitaxel; No significant changes in the chemoresistance in BEL7402 cells transduced with MDR1 gene; Suggestion that expression of MDR1 directed by APN myeloid promoter led to myelospecific protection; Idea that the study can provide a new means for avoiding myelosuppression in tumor patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Background: The increasing prevalence of xylazine in the illicit drug supply is a growing concern for major health consequences in individuals who use fentanyl mixed with xylazine, but limited data are available regarding the pharmacokinetics of xylazine in humans., Methods: Xylazine was quantified in serial remnant plasmas collected from 28 patients starting at the initial patient encounter and continuing for up to 52 h from presentation, using LC-MS/MS to calculate the terminal half-life for xylazine. Xylazine metabolites were identified by product ion scanning, and multiple reaction monitoring was used to estimate the relative abundance of xylazine metabolites in 74 collected plasma samples., Results: The median terminal half-life for xylazine was calculated to be 12.0 h (range: 5.9-20.8). Oxo-xylazine and sulfone-xylazine metabolites were detected in all plasma specimens that contained xylazine., Conclusions: The half-life of xylazine in humans is longer than previously observed in animal studies, which furthers the current understanding of the expected duration of effects in individuals who use fentanyl mixed with xylazine and the window of detection. Both oxo-xylazine and sulfone-xylazine appear to circulate in plasma for as long as xylazine., (© Association for Diagnostics & Laboratory Medicine 2024. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Herein, we describe a green and efficient photoredox catalytic C3-H alkoxycarbonylation between quinoxalin-2(1 H )-ones or coumarins and readily available alkyloxalyl chlorides under ambient conditions. A series of quinoxaline-3-carbonyl and coumarin-3-carbonyl compounds are prepared through the radical addition of in situ -generated alkoxycarbonyl radicals. Notably, this protocol features mild conditions, operational simplicity, and excellent functional group tolerance. More importantly, the carboxylated products can be readily derivatized into other important compounds that would be of great potential for the exploitation of pharmaceutically active compounds.

Objective: To reveal the relationship between ARHL and ferroptosis and screen ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) in ARHL., Methods: Bioinformatics were used to analyze the hub genes and molecular mechanism of ferroptosis in the aging cochleae. Senescence β-galactosidase staining, iron content detection, and micro malondialdehyde (MDA) assay kits were used to measure β-galactosidase activity, and expression of Fe 2+ and MDA, respectively. Fluorescence microscope was used for immunofluorescence assay of hub genes. Western blot was used to verify the expression of hub genes in HEI-OC1 cells, cochlear explants, and cochleae of C57BL/6J mice. Data were expressed as mean ± SD of at least three independent experiments., Results: The analysis of bioinformatics confirmed that lactotransferrin (LTF) is the hub gene and CEBPA-miR-130b-LTF network is the molecular mechanism for cochlear ferroptosis. Compared with the control group, the experiments proved that the indicators of ferroptosis, including Fe 2+ , MDA, and LTF were differentially expressed in aging HEI-OC1 cells, aging cochlear explants, and aging cochleae., Conclusion: These results demonstrate that ferroptosis plays an important role in ARHL, and LTF is a potential therapeutic target for ARHL via regulating cochlear ferroptosis., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Zeng, Gu, Chen, Lin, Chen, Chen, Chen, Yao and Lin.)

Herein, we disclose a direct and powerful strategy for the synthesis of highly valuable α-trifluoromethylamine and N -trifluoroethylamine derivatives from a visible-light-promoted C,N -selective heteroarylation of N -trifluoroethyl hydroxylamine reagents with quinoxalin-2(1 H )-ones under ambient conditions. The chemoselectivity of the process (trifluoroalkylation or N -trifluoroethylamination) can easily be dictated and modulated by a selection of N -trifluoroethyl hydroxylamine substrates. The key to success is the protecting group on the N atom of hydroxylamine reagents, which can control the process of 1,2-H shift of the in situ-generated N- trifluoroethyl radical. Remarkable features of this method include mild conditions, easy operation, high selectivity, and excellent functional group tolerability. More importantly, the trifluoroalkylated products can be readily derivatized into other interesting imidazo-fused heterocycles that would be of great potential for the exploitation of pharmaceutically relevant molecules.