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The incorporation of additional Csp3 atoms into candidate drugs may enhance their pharmacological properties. Nevertheless, it remains challenging to construct desired Csp3-Csp3 bonds efficiently and practically. The present article reports a novel Csp3-Csp3 bond-forming reaction of 2-aryl/alkyl substituted aziridines with gem-diborylalkanes under tranisiton metal free conditions. A wide range of γ-gem-diboronate esters substituted amines can be accessed in good yield and regioselectivity. The results demonstrated that various aziridines could react with gem-diborylalkanes in the presence of LiTMP as the base within 15 ​min at ambient temperature.

Abstract Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease that is associated with an increased risk of carcinogenesis. The typical pathological features of OLP include submucosal T-cell banding, infiltration, and liquefactive degeneration of basal epithelial cells. However, the histological appearance of basal cell death cannot be explained by apoptosis of keratinocytes alone. The aim of this study was to explore a novel mechanism of epithelial cell death, pyroptosis, and its role in the development of OLP. The immunohistochemical results initially revealed pyroptosis in the epithelial cells of OLP. There was significant upregulation of pyroptosis-related inflammatory cytokines, specifically IL-1β. The expression of IL-1β is closely related to the severity of the patient’s condition. In vitro, the culture supernatant from epithelial cells and exogenous IL-1β significantly promote the proliferation and activation of T cells. This effect can be inhibited by neutralizing antibody or receptor inhibitor of IL-1β. Stimulation with exogenous IL-1β enhances both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in T cells, with a more pronounced increase in glycolysis. This is due to the regulation of NAD+ availability and mitochondrial dynamics by IL-1β. IL-1β specifically stimulates the expression of optic atrophy 1 (OPA1), particularly L-OPA1, which promotes mitochondrial fusion and increases NAD+ availability. This process upregulated glycolysis in T cells. The knockdown of OPA1 reverses these changes by reducing the proliferation and activation of T cells. In this study, IL-1β promoted OPA1 transcription by activating the NF-κB pathway. The expression of OPA1 is inhibited by the inhibitor of NF-κB pathway. These results suggest that OLP keratinocytes undergo pyroptosis, which then secrete inflammatory factors that activate the NF-κB signaling pathway of T cells. This pathway regulates OPA1-mediated mitochondrial fusion and energy metabolism reprogramming in T cells, contributing to the development of OLP. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms and therapeutic strategies for OLP.

Statins therapy is efficacious in diminishing the risk of major cardiovascular events in diabetic patients. However, our research has uncovered a correlation between the prolonged administration of statins and an elevated risk of myocardial dysfunction in patients with type II diabetes mellitus (TIIDM). Here, we report the induction of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) activation, associated lipid peroxidation, and the consequent diabetic myocardial dysfunction after statin treatment and explored the underlying mechanisms. In db/db mice, we observed that 40 weeks atorvastatin (5 and 10 mg/kg) and rosuvastatin (20 mg/kg) administration exacerbated diabetic myocardial dysfunction by echocardiography and cardiomyocyte contractility assay, increased myocardial inflammation and fibrosis as shown by CD68, IL-1β, Masson's staining and Collagen1A1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining, increased respiratory exchange ratio (RER) by metabolic cage system assessment, exacerbated mitochondrial structural pathological changes by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination, increased deposition of lipid and glycogen by TEM, Oil-red and periodic acid-schiff stain (PAS) staining, which were corresponded with augmented levels of myocardial SREBP1 protein and lipid peroxidation marked by 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) staining. Comparable myocardial fibrosis was also observed in KK-ay and low-dose streptozotocin (STZ)-induced TIIDM mice. Elevated SREBP1 levels were observed in the heart tissues from diabetic patients, which was positively correlated with their myocardial dysfunction. To elucidate the role of statin induced SREBP1 in lipid peroxidation and lipid deposition and related mechanism, we cultured neonatal mouse primary cardiomyocytes (NMPCs) and treated them with atorvastatin (10 μM, 24 h), tracing with [U–13C]-glucose and evaluating for SREBP1 expression and localization. We found that statin treatment elevated de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and the levels of SREBP1 cleavage-activating protein (SCAP), reduced the interaction of SCAP with insulin-induced gene 1 (Insig1), and enhance SCAP/SREBP1 translocation to the Golgi, which facilitate SREBP1 cleavage leading to its nuclear trans-localization and activation in NMPCs. Ultimately, SREBP1 knockdown or l-carnitine mitigated long-term statins therapy induced lipid peroxidation and myocardial fibrosis in low-dose STZ treated SREBP1+/− mice and l-carnitine treated db/db mice. In conclusion, we demonstrated that statin therapy may augment DNL by activating SREBP1, resulting in myocardial lipid peroxidation and lipid deposition.

This study analyzes the effects of noise equivalent sigma zero (NESZ) on wind retrieval accuracy based on the estimated NESZ and wind retrievals from Gaofen-3 (GF3) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) wave mode data. The NESZ was estimated from the normalized radar cross-section (NRCS) bottom envelope from the calm sea (winds

Abstract High‐nickel cathode materials are widely used in lithium‐ion batteries because of their advantages of high energy density and high safety. High‐nickel cathode materials need to further improve cycling stability because they are prone to structural changes and capacity degradation. This paper proposes a method to improve high‐nickel cathode materials by Mg doping. XRD proves that Mg‐doped high‐nickel materials still have R‐3 m spatial structural characteristics; Rietveld refinement confirms that the c‐axis gradually increases with the increase of Mg content. Combined with DFT calculations, the presence of Mg can inhibit structural collapse during charge and discharge, reduce Li/Ni antisite defects, improve the electronic conductivity of the material, and improve the cyclic stability of the material. The 0.6 mol % Mg‐doped sample has an initial discharge capacity of 233 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C in the range of 2.7–4.3 V, a capacity retention rate of 91.0 % after 50 cycles at 1 C, still retains 79.9 % after 100 cycles. The dQ/dV curves further indicate that the presence of Mg improves the structural stability of the material.

IntroductionThis study investigates the mechanisms of public opinion dissemination and governance strategies during public health events, using a two-stage SIR model informed by the Information Cascade Theory.MethodsThe research employs Gephi visual analysis to identify principal nodes of public opinion and combines model simulations with dynamic propagation analysis to verify the model's precision and applicability.ResultsThe findings reveal that pivotal information nodes significantly accelerate the spread of public opinion, while ordinary nodes contribute to the natural attenuation of public discourse due to their strong spontaneous recovery capabilities. The simulation analysis further identifies the optimal timing for government intervention, particularly during the initial and peak phases of public opinion dissemination.DiscussionBased on the results, the study recommends strategies to strengthen the management of key opinion nodes, enhance public information literacy, optimize policy implementation, and utilize simulation tools to assist in public opinion management. These recommendations offer valuable theoretical and practical insights for managing public opinion during public health events.

Material design is essential for the development and preparation of new materials. In this paper, a new two-dimensional heterostructure material (B@Si) consisting of boronene and silicene is designed and used as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries in order to improve the performance of lithium-ion batteries, and the structural properties, stability, electronic properties, and performance as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries are systematically investigated by first-principle calculations of the B@Si heterostructure. The results show that the B@Si heterostructure is energetically, thermodynamically and dynamically stable, and although the Dirac cone in the energy band structure of silicene disappears after the formation of the heterojunction, the overall electrical conductivity of the material improves considerably and the electron transport rate is faster. Due to the synergistic effect, Li has more stable adsorption sites and lower diffusion barriers than boronene and silicene in the B@Si heterostructure, higher theoretical specific capacity (1208 mAhg−1), and stronger mechanical properties (C11 = 296.6 N/m, C22 = 142.8 N/m). The volume expansion in the fully lithiated state is also only 8 %. These advantages indicate that B@Si heterostructures are good potential anode materials for high-performance Li-ion batteries.

Abstract Periodontitis, a prevalent chronic inflammatory disease, poses significant challenges for effective treatment due to its complex etiology involving specific bacteria and the inflammatory immune microenvironment. Here, this study presents a novel approach for the targeted treatment of periodontitis utilizing the immunomodulatory and antibacterial properties of Embelin, a plant‐derived compound, within an injectable hydrogel system. The developed Carboxymethyl Chitosan‐Oxidized Dextran (CMCS‐OD) hydrogel formed via dynamic chemical bonds exhibited self‐healing capabilities and pH‐responsive behavior, thereby facilitating the controlled release of Embelin and enhancing its efficacy in a dynamic oral periodontitis microenvironment. This study demonstrates that this hydrogel system effectively prevents bacterial invasion and mitigates excessive immune response activation. Moreover, it precisely modulates macrophage M1/M2 phenotypes and suppresses inflammatory cytokine expression, thereby fostering a conducive environment for bone regeneration and addressing periodontitis‐induced bone loss. These findings highlight the potential of the approach as a promising strategy for the clinical management of periodontitis‐induced bone destruction.

The use of nitrogen gas in grain storage has a history of over 30 years. However, it wasn't until the recent emergence of economically efficient pressure swing adsorption (PSA) and membrane separation (MS) nitrogen production equipment that this technology became viable for grain storage. This study first conducted laboratory bioassays over 4, 3, and 2 weeks on wheat, barley, oats, lupin, and canola seeds, exposing them to environments of 25 ℃, 30 ℃, and 35 ℃ with nitrogen concentrations of 99%, 98%, and 97%. The study focused on assessing the adult and immature stages of Trogoderma variabile, Tribolium castaneum, Rhyzopertha dominica, and Sitophilus oryzae. Subsequently, in-field verification was carried out at the Lake Grace terminal and the Cooperative Bulk Handling (CBH) grain export terminal in Albany, evaluating the efficacy of controlling various storage grain pests and field pests in wheat, barley, and canola seeds, as well as assessing the quality of treated grains. The results showed that pest mortality increased with decreasing oxygen concentration, increasing exposure time, and temperature. However, under low-temperature conditions, nitrogen-rich low-oxygen treatment did not achieve 100% mortality of Trogoderma variabile larvae. There was no significant difference in the efficacy of controlling storage pests resistant or sensitive to phosphine. Canola seeds showed better control efficacy compared to other grains. Furthermore, the moisture content, protein, oil content, starch, and grain color quality indicators of various grains were unaffected. A commercially scalable nitrogen-rich low-oxygen application model was successfully developed, providing a solution for controlling pests resistant to phosphine and meeting the growing market demand for insect-free and chemical residue-free grains.

Nitrogen technology has been developed as a complementary technology with fumigants, for control of key pests in Australian grain storages. However, market feedback from industry was its cost which remained as a barrier of uptake. Therefore, a commercial scale trial was set up using advanced membrane technology to assist industry overcome operational and the cost barriers for the uptake of the technology. A new generation membrane technology was sourced from Changshun Anda, a China-based company. The unit was deployed at the CBH grain port of Kwinana, Western Australia to compare performance against an older nitrogen generation technology (Pressure Swing Absorbance/PSA). To meet the strict Australian standards operating conditions the port the unit was upgraded by Changshun Anda specialist team. The target benchmark was set to $0.50 per tonne of grain (the high-end cost of a phosphine fumigation). Research demonstrated an operational cost for the older PSA technology of $2.43 per tonne of grain. The technology also displayed operational limitations in its ability to generate and maintain the required level of nitrogen purity necessary to provide insect control (99%). In comparison, the generation of nitrogen using membrane technology cost $0.99 per tonne of grain. Other performance gains were generation of required nitrogen purity within 4.5 days of operation and ability to maintain purity for the required 14 days to provide full control of pests.

Although carbon disulphide (CS2) is an old fumigant, the possibility of reintroducing it is supported by new data from Australia, and by published Egyptian and Chinese data which is not widely known. The data covers grain quality, natural emissions and residues in processed food. Egyptian data shown that CS2 has no effect on the germination and plumule length of rice even at high doses (400 mg/m3). Chinese data has shown that CS2, at high doses (200 mg/m3), has no effect on the germination of a large number of seeds, including malting barley, wheat and maize, sorghum, cotton, carrot etc. This is supported by current Australian data (150 mg/m3) on germination and plumule length of wheat, barley and chickpeas. Australian data from the Stored Grain Research Laboratory (SGRL) commercial scale trial showed that all tested insects are killed by CS2 at a range of C´T (concentration´time) values of 1 000~1 500 mg·h·L–1 and has no effect on the quality of end products of wheat. The sorption of carbon disulphide on grain is lower than that for methyl bromide, and is mainly physical in origin. It leaves residues on grain, but these are extensively degraded during storage and processing. Remaining residues of CS2 are reduced during cleaning and conditioning of wheat before milling. Residues of CS2 are progressively reduced during the milling and baking processes. For example, wheat was treated at 27 g/m3 of CS2 for 6 days in sealed farm bin and then aired for 24 hours. Cleaning reduced residues from 6.7 to 4.6 mg/kg, and conditioning reduced residues from 4.6 to 2.2 mg/kg before milling. They are further reduced during milling, and further still during formation of noodles (even before cooking), pasta and bread. Residues in processed products were indistinguishable by current methods of analysis (limits of quantification were

Ethyl formate and carbonyl sulfide are potential stored product fumigants. They are present naturally in the atmosphere, plants and soil. Natural levels of ethyl formate and carbonyl sulfide in newly harvested grain and stored wheat, barley, oats and canola are varied with the commodity, temperature, moisture content and the period of storage. The values ranged from 0.5~2.0 mg/kg for ethyl formate and 0.02~1.0 mg/kg for carbonyl sulfide. Ethyl formate and carbonyl sulfide were naturally present in grains at harvest, increased during the first 4~5 months of storage, and then began to decline, particularly at grain temperatures greater than 20 ℃ and moisture contents of grain and canola greater than 9.5% and 5%. This information on natural levels is relevant to the establishment of Maximum Residue Limits (MRL) and to market acceptance of ethyl formate and carbonyl sulfide as fumigants for stored products.

Background: As an innovative treatment, stapled transperineal rectovaginal fistula repair (STR) for rectovaginal fistula (RVF) has demonstrated effectiveness in preliminary reports. This study aims to compare STR with rectal mucosal advancement flap repair (RAF), a widely utilized surgical procedure, for the surgical outcome of the low- and mid-level RVF. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, patients with low- and mid-level RVF who underwent STR or RAF were included from both the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University and Xi'an Daxing Hospital. Among the 99 total patients, 77 underwent STR and 22 underwent RAF. Patient demographics, operative data, and outcomes were collected and analyzed. Recurrence rate and associated risk factors were evaluated. Results: There were no statistically significant differences among patients in terms of clinical characteristics like age, BMI, aetiology, and fistula features. During the follow-up period of 20 months (interquartile range 3.0–41.8 months), a total of 28 patients relapsed, with a significantly lower recurrence rate in the STR group (20.8 %) than in the RAF group (54.6 %) (P = 0.005). In the multivariate Cox analysis, STR was an independent protective factor against recurrence (HR: 0.37, 95%CI: 0.17–0.79, P = 0.01). Logistic regression indicated that there was no statistically significant difference between these two procedures in terms of surgical complications (OR: 0.53, 95%CI: 0.19–1.48, P = 0.23). Conclusion: For low- and mid-level RVF, STR may be an alternative option for treatment modality that offers a lower recurrence rate, without observed disadvantage in terms of surgical complication rates.

Objective To compare the value of different doses of recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide(rhBNP) combined with bisoprolol after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI). Methods A total of 138 elderly patients with AMI in First Hospital of Qinhuangdao from January 2020 to October 2022 were prospectively selected, they were divided into 3 groups with 46 cases in each group by random number table.All groups were treated with PCI and bisoprolol, 2 hours before surgery, the low-dose group received 1.5 μg/(kg·min) rhBNP, the medium-dose group received 2.0 μg/(kg·min) rhBNP, and the high-dose group received 3.0 μg/(kg·min) rhBNP.Cardiac function [left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF), cardiac index(CI), stroke volume per minute(SV), plasma brain natriuretic peptide(BNP)] , electrocardiographic parameters [standard diviation of NN intervals(SDNN), root mean square of successive RR interval differences(RMSSD), low frequency band/high frequency band(LF/HF)] , renal function [serum creatinine(Scr), β2-microglobulin(β2-MG), blood urea nitrogen(BUN)], nuclear factor E2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1(Nrf2/HO-1) pathway were compared between the groups before and after treatment.The occurrence of adverse reactions and adverse cardiovascular events after treatment were compared between the groups. Results After 72 h of treatment, LVEF, CI, SV, SDNN, RMSSD, Nrf2 and HO-1 protein levels in the high-dose group were higher than those in the medium-dose and low-dose groups(P0.05).Before treatment and 72 h after treatment, there was no significant difference in serum Scr, β2-MG and BUN levels between the groups(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in the total incidence of adverse reactions and the total incidence of adverse cardiovascular events between the groups(P>0.05). Conclusion The treatment of rhBNP combined with bisoprolol is effective in elderly AMI patients after PCI.Large doses of rhBNP can significantly improve cardiac function and heart rate variability, which may be related to the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, and has no significant effect on renal function damage, adverse reactions and adverse cardiovascular events.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), secreted by most cells, act as natural cell-derived carriers for delivering proteins, nucleic acids, and organelles between cells. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles responsible for energy production and cellular physiological processes. Recent evidence has highlighted the pivotal role of EVs in intercellular mitochondrial content transfer, including mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), proteins, and intact mitochondria. Intriguingly, mitochondria are crucial mediators of EVs release, suggesting an interplay between EVs and mitochondria and their potential implications in physiology and pathology. However, in this expanding field, much remains unknown regarding the function and mechanism of crosstalk between EVs and mitochondria and the transport of mitochondrial EVs. Herein, we shed light on the physiological and pathological functions of EVs and mitochondria, potential mechanisms underlying their interactions, delivery of mitochondria-rich EVs, and their clinical applications in regenerative medicine.

Abstract "Clinical basic inspection technology" is one of the essential courses in the medical laboratory profession. Combining the characteristics of the discipline itself, the research and practice of the BOPPPS model based on the OBE concept in clinical basic laboratory experiment teaching are discussed, and the reform of in teaching objectives, teaching contents, and teaching design path is implemented. The "student-centered" teaching process is divided into six stages: before, during, and after class, and the teaching process is continuously improved to achieve the desired teaching effect. Results of the experiment teaching show that the model has improved students' active participation and developed their clinical thinking skills, and more than 95% of students are satisfied with this teaching model.

Purpose: We aimed to describe and predict the risk of severe hypernatremia after surgical resection of craniopharyngioma and to identify the association of water intake, urine output, and sodium level change in the patients. Method: The outcome was postoperative severe hypernatremia. We identified risk factors associated with hypernatremia using multivariable regression. We trained machine learning models to predict the outcome. We compared serum sodium change, intravenous input, oral input, total input, urine output, and n et fluid balance according to different nurse shifts. Results: Among 234 included patients, 125 developed severe hypernatremia after surgery. The peak incidence occurred during day 0 and day 6 after surgery. The risk was increased in patients with gross total resection (odds ratio (OR) 2.41, P < 0.001), high Puget classification (OR 4.44, P = 0.026), preoperative adrenal insufficiency (OR 2.01, P = 0.040), and preoperative hypernatremia (OR 5.55, P < 0.001). The random forest algorithm had the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.770, 95% CI, 0.727–0.813) in predicting the outcome and was validated in the prospective validation cohort. Overnight shifts were associated with the highest serum sodium increase (P = 0.010), less intravenous input (P < 0.001), and less desmopressin use (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The overall incidence of severe hypernatremia after surgical resection of craniopharyngioma was significant, especially in patients with g ross total resection, hypothalamus distortion, preoperative adrenal insufficiency, and preoperative severe hypernatremia. Less intravenous input and less desmopressin use were associated with serum sodium increases, especially during overnight shifts.

When metal connecting board of solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) are used for long time in a medium-to-high temperature environment (600～800 ℃), severe surface oxidation increases the internal resistance of the electrolytic cell, and the volatilization of Cr from the metal substrate reduces the electrochemical activity of the electrode. The combined effect of the two leads to severe degradation of the performance of SOEC. In response to the above problems, Mn-Co coating and Mn-Co-La coating were prepared on commercial SUS430 metal substrate by electrophoretic deposition method. Subsequently, with using the process of successively sintering under neutral atmosphere (950 ℃, N2) and oxidizing atmosphere (825 ℃, air) conditions, the strong and dense Mn-Co coatings and Mn-Co-La coatings were obtained. Moreover, the effects of sintering atmosphere and La element doping on coating properties were studied. The morphology, phase composition, element distribution and area specific resistance of the coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer, energy spectrometer and four-probe resistivity tester, respectively. Results showed that the coating prepared by electrophoretic co-deposition doping with trace amounts of nano-La2O3 had more uniform and refined grains, which effectively inhibited the overflow of Fe-Cr from the substrate during high-temperature N2 sintering. The results of the 300 h oxidation cycle test at 750 ℃ indicated that compared with the substrate, the sintering process proposed in this work was beneficial to improving the anti-oxidation performance of the coating, and the La-doped coating possessed better performance. Furthermore, the doping of La element effectively slowed down the volatilization of Cr in the substrate, which made the area specific resistance lower and more stable, and improved the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the Mn-Co spinel coating.

Abstract Background Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has excellent accuracy in diagnosing preoperative lesions before anal fistula surgery. However, MRI is not good in identifying early recurrent lesions and effective methods for quantitative assessment of fistula healing are still warranted. This retrospective study aimed to develop and validate a specific MRI-based nomogram model to predict fistula healing during the early postoperative period. Methods Patients with complex cryptoglandular anal fistulas who underwent surgery between January 2017 and October 2020 were included in this study. MRI features and clinical parameters were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. A nomogram for predicting fistula healing was constructed and validated. Results In total, 200 patients were included, of whom 186 (93%) were male, with a median age of 36 (18–65) years. Of the fistulas, 58.5% were classified as transsphincteric and 19.5% as suprasphincteric. The data were randomly divided into the training cohort and testing cohort at a ratio of 7:3. Logistic analysis revealed that CNR, ADC, alcohol intake history, and suprasphincteric fistula were significantly correlated with fistula healing. These four predictors were used to construct a predictive nomogram model in the training cohort. AUC was 0.880 and 0.847 for the training and testing cohorts, respectively. Moreover, the decision and calibration curves showed high coherence between the predicted and actual probabilities of fistula healing. Conclusions We developed a predictive model and constructed a nomogram to predict fistula healing during the early postoperative period. This model showed good performance and may be clinically utilized for the management of anal fistulas.

ObjectiveTo examine the prevalence of malignant tumors among residents in Shaanxi province in 2019. MethodsAll hospitalizations due to malignant tumors throughout 2019 were extracted from inpatient medical records of hospitals in Shaanxi povince. The International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) was used to categorize the inpatients′ malignant tumors and multiple imputation method was adopted to adjust the covariates with missing data. National and provincial demographics were collected from National Bureau of Statistics and Statistics Yearbook of Shaanxi province for calculating age-adjusted prevalence rate. ResultsThe overall prevalence rate (1/100 000) of malignant tumors in the province during 2019 was 392.38; the highest regional prevalence rate was 523.68 for the residents of Tongchuan prefecture, while the lowest was 34.256 for those of Weinan prefecture; and the highest tumor-specific prevalence rate was 144.21 for digestive malignancies. In the male residents of the province, the top three prevalence rates were 187.50, 106.25, and 31.05 for malignancies of digestive organs, respiratory and intrathoracic organs, and lymphoid, hematopoietic and related tissues; in the female residents, the top three prevalence rates were 98.04, 70.60, and 67.18 for malignancies of digestive organs, breast, and female reproductive organs; the top three prevalence rates were 109.72, 58.15, and 30.13 for malignancies of digestive organs, respiratory and intrathoracic organs, and breast in the urban residents of the province, but in the rural residents, the top three prevalence rates were 194.32, 100.14, and 45.37 for malignancies of digestive organs, respiratory and intrathoracic organs, and female reproductive organs, respectively. The prevalent malignancies differed among the residents of various age groups and the age-specific prevalence rate of malignancies was the highest (62.89) for the residents aged 65 – 69 years. ConclusionAmong the residents in Shaanxi province during 2019, the overall prevalence rate of malignancies was relatively high and malignant tumor of digestive organs was the most prevalent malignancy; the prevalence rates of malignancies differed among the residents of different gender, various ages, and living in different regions; the results need to be concerned in early screening and control of malignant tumors in the province.

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and cervical vascular function parameters in the general population without cerebrovascular disease. Materials and Methods This was a cross-sectional study that recruited a total of 1996 participants without cerebrovascular disease. TyG index was calculated based on fasting triglycerides and glucose. All patients were divided into two groups based on the median TyG index: the high TyG group and the low TyG group. The differences in basic clinical characteristics and neck vascular function parameters between the two groups of participants were compared, and then the correlation between TyG index and neck vascular function parameters was investigated. Results Participants with a high TyG index had lower systolic, diastolic, and mean flow velocities in the basilar, vertebral, and internal carotid arteries compared with those with a low TyG index. Participants with a high TyG index had higher pulsatility index in the left vertebral artery and right internal carotid artery, but this difference was not observed in the basilar artery. In addition, TyG index was significantly negatively correlated with systolic, diastolic, and mean flow velocities in the basilar, vertebral, and internal carotid arteries, and the correlation remained after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusion In the general population, there was a well-defined correlation between TyG index and cervical vascular function parameters, and increased TyG index was independently associated with reduced cervical vascular blood flow velocity.

Abstract Rainbands are essential to tropical cyclones (TCs), significantly affecting TC structure and intensity change. High‐resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery can capture the footprints of rainbands caused by rain‐induced sea surface roughness modification. Using 464 SAR TC images, we investigated the rainband‐occurrence probability of TCs under different hemispheres, local times (LTs), intensities, and ocean basins. Results show that the rainband‐occurrence probability is highest in the downshear‐left quadrant for Northern Hemisphere TCs (downshear‐right quadrant for Southern Hemisphere TCs). For Northern Hemisphere TCs, the rainband‐occurrence probability is overall higher in the early morning (LT), and the peak region of rainband‐occurrence probability appears farther from the TC center in the evening (LT). Compared with weak TCs, the rainband‐occurrence probability becomes higher for strong TCs in the Northern Hemisphere. Furthermore, TCs have a higher rainband‐occurrence probability in the Northwest Pacific than in the North Atlantic and Northeast Pacific.

Abstract. Background:. Measuring the health of the population is of great significance to the development of a region. We aimed to estimate the population, probability of death, and quality of life in western China. Methods:. We calculated the age-specific mortality rate and prevalence rate of diseases and injuries using the Full Population Database and the Home Page of Inpatient Medical Record. We used multiple interpolation methods to insert missing information from the death data and the model of Kannisto to adjust the mortality rate for elderly individuals. The age-specific prevalence rate of diseases and injuries was adjusted according to the standard ratio of age and methods of equal proportional allocation. Life expectancy was calculated by a life table, and the quality of life was estimated using the Sullivan method. Results:. The total population continued to increase in 2015 to 2019 in the Shaanxi Province, China. The mortality rate of children under five has improved, and the mortality rate of people over 65 is decreasing year by year. Life expectancy increased from 74.66 years in 2015 to 77.19 years in 2019. Even with the total risk of disease and injury, the health-adjusted life expectancy increased by 1.90 years within 5 years, and the number of unhealthy years significantly improved. Health-adjusted life expectancy increased by 1.75 years when only considered the ten major disease systems (tumors; endocrinology, nutrition and metabolism; mental and behavioral disorders; nervous system; sensory diseases; circulatory system; respiratory system; digestive system; genitourinary system; musculoskeletal system and connective tissue), and the number of unhealthy years increased slightly. Conclusions:. In the past five years, Shaanxi Province has made progress in improving life expectancy and controlling the development of chronic diseases. It is necessary to take specific preventive measures and improve the quality of basic public health services.

In this study, wind speed sensitivity and calibration bias were first determined for Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite Ka-band Radar Interferometer (KaRIn) Normalized Radar Backscatter Cross Section (NRCS) data at VV and HH polarizations. Here, the calibration bias was estimated by comparing the KaRIn NRCS with collocated simulations from a model developed using Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) satellite Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) data. To recalibrate the bias, the correlation coefficient between the KaRIn data and the simulations was estimated, and the data with the corresponding top 10% correlation coefficients were used to estimate the recalibration coefficients. After recalibration, a Ka-band NRCS model was developed from the KaRIn data to retrieve ocean surface wind speeds. Finally, wind speed retrievals were evaluated using the collocated European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis winds, Haiyang-2C scatterometer (HY2C-SCAT) winds and National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) and Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) buoy winds. Evaluation results show that the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) at both polarizations is less than 1.52 m/s, 1.34 m/s and 1.57 m/s, respectively, when compared to ECMWF, HY2C-SCAT and buoy collocated winds. Moreover, both the bias and RMSE were constant with the incidence angles and polarizations. This indicates that the winds from the SWOT KaRIn data are capable of correcting the sea state bias for sea surface height products.

Ocean internal waves (IWs) are widespread submesoscale dynamical phenomena in oceans, and they have important impacts on energy transfer, nutrient transport, and human activities. In this study, Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images from 2014 to 2023 were collected to construct a global IW dataset (S1-IW-2023) through a series of optimized data processing. S1-IW-2023 was constructed to address the issue of insufficient data and lack of variation in the deep learning IW datasets; it can be used in IW studies using deep learning methods to enhance model generalizability and robustness. Moreover, considering the limitations of existing convolutional neural network (CNN)-based IW detection models in handling complex interferences in SAR images, resulting in frequent false positives, false negatives, or inaccurate bounding box positioning, we employed transfer learning to train a Transformer-based hierarchical IW detector, IWD-Net, that extracts features via Swin Transformer and fuses the visual, semantic, and contextual features of IWs via a multiscale feature fusion network. Experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness of applying Transformer concepts to IW detection for addressing complex interferences. This study provides an efficient and stable new method for extracting IW features from massive SAR data and lays the foundation for applying Transformer concepts to detect IWs in SAR images.

Abstract The objective of this multicenter, single‐arm trial (ChiCTR1900022293) was to explore the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant therapy with epirubicin, cyclophosphamide, and pyrotinib followed by docetaxel, trastuzumab, and pyrotinib (ECPy‐THPy) in the treatment of patients with stage II–III HER2‐positive breast cancer. The present study enrolled patients with stage II–III HER2‐positive breast cancer. Epirubicin and cyclophosphamide were administrated for four 21‐day cycles, followed by four cycles of docetaxel and trastuzumab. Pyrotinib was taken orally once per day throughout the treatment period. The primary endpoint was total pathological complete response (tpCR, ypT0/is ypN0) rate in the modified intention‐to‐treat (mITT) population. In total, 175 patients were included. The tpCR rate was 68.6% (95% CI, 60.7–75.8%), while the objective response rate was 89.1%. In the post‐hoc subgroup analysis, no association between clinical characteristics and the tpCR rate was observed. The most common grade ≥3 adverse events were diarrhea (54.3%), followed by white blood cell count decreased (5.1%), and neutrophil count decreased (4.6%). In conclusion, the neoadjuvant regimen with ECPy‐THPy showed promising pathological response and clinical benefits with an acceptable safety profile in patients with stage II–III HER2‐positive breast cancer.

Recent evidence highlights multifaceted biological needs to recapitulate the bone microenvironment for bone regeneration. Neurotization has great potential for realizing multi-system modulations in bone tissue engineering (BTE). However, a neural strategy involving all the key bone repair steps temporally has not yet been reported. In this study, we reported the neural tissue engineering hydrogel-encapsulated Schwann cell-derived exosomes (SC Exo). This sustained-release SC Exo system prominently enhanced bone regeneration by promoting innervation, immunoregulation, vascularization, and osteogenesis in vivo. Moreover, the in vitro results further confirmed that this system significantly induced M2 polarization of macrophages, tube formation of HUVECs, and BMSCs osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, BMSCs osteogenesis was promoted by upregulating the TGF-β1/SMAD2/3 signaling pathway. In summary, a novel cell-free and easily prepared SC Exo neural engineering was successfully developed to promote bone regeneration by orchestrating the entire bone healing microenvironment, which may provide a new strategy for tissue engineering and clinical treatment of bone defects.