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Abstract Background Overweight is always accompanied by hypertriglyceridemia (HTG), but the change in non-fasting triglyceride (TG) concentration in overweight subjects without postprandial hypertriglyceridemia was unknown. Methods Concentrations of serum lipids were measured at 2 and 4 h in matched overweight (OW group, n = 54) and control subjects (CON group, n = 55) after a daily meal. Concentrations of remnant cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol were calculated according to the formulas. The diagnostic criteria for non-fasting HTG were based on 2 different consensus statement. ROC curve was used to determine the pointcut of postprandial HTG. Results OW group had higher fasting concentrations of RC and non-HDL-C than CON group. Non-fasting concentrations of triglyceride and RC significantly increased in 2 groups while were higher in OW group (p <.05). The proportion of non-fasting HTG increased after a daily meal in OW group was significantly higher than the percentage of fasting HTG (p <.05). There was a significant correlation between the postprandial concentrations of TG and RC. Conclusions Overweight subjects were more likely to develop non-fasting hypertriglyceridemia and higher concentrations of RC and non-HDL-C. Additionally, 2.0 mmol/l at 4 h after breakfast could be a pointcut value to detect changes in lipid profile of Chinese overweight people. Highlights • Overweight subjects were more likely to develop HTG after a Chinese daily diet. • The non-fasting diagnostic accuracy of HTG was compared by different standards. • 2.0 mmol/L could be a better cut-point to diagnose non-fasting TG elevation. • The correlation between levels of TG and RC was highest at 4 h after breakfast. • 4 h after a diet could be an ideal time to detect the levels of non-fasting lipids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]