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Examination of living populations and herbarium specimens (including type material) of Rohdea yunnanensis and R. fargesii has revealed that the two species are morphologically very distinct from each other. We therefore reinstate the independent specific status of R. yunnanensis which has been placed in synonymy with R. fargesii var. fargesii. In former species, the blade margin denticulate; bract base branched or erose; perianth lobe also erose and denticulate; fruit conical and seed reniform, hilum oblique.

Rohdea yunnanensis (F.T.Wang & S.Yun Liang in Wang & Tang 1978: 249) Yamashita & M.N.Tamura (2004: 369). Tupistra yunnanensis F.T.Wang & S.Yun Liang in Wang & Tang (1978: 249). Campylandra yunnanensis (F.T. Wang & S. Yun Liang in Wang & Tang 1978: 249) M. N. Tamura, S. Yun Liang & Turland (2000: 160). Type:— CHINA. Yunnan: Chao-tung Hsien (Zhaotong), Dayanshan, 1600 m, 5 May 1932, H.T. Tsai 50880 (holotype PE-00035421!, isotype KUN-1219435!); Xundian, Dabeishan, 2300 m, October 1940, Y.P. Chang 827 (syntypes PE-00035423! & IBSC-0005345!). Figures: 6, 7 & 8. = Rohdea chinensis auct. non Baker in Hooker (1889: t. 1867) var. chinensis N. Tanaka (2003: 331) , nom. illeg. (Art. 53.3). Rohdea henryi var. henryi Tanaka (2019: 48), nom. illeg. (Art. 52.2). Type:— CHINA. Hubei: Badong, “Patung”, sine date, A. Henry 5023 (lectotype designated by Tanaka 2019: K-000099920 image!). = Rohdea fargesii auct. non Baillon (1893: 1113) var. fargesii Y.F. Deng (2017: 298) . Type:— CHINA. Chongqing: Chengkou “Sutchuen Oriental, dans le district de Tchen-Kéou-tin”, 1600 m, R.P. Farges 114 (lecototype designated by Tanaka 2019: P-00214635 image!). Description:— Herb perennial. Stem suberect or oblique, terete, unbranching, to 40 cm long, 3.0 cm in diameter, fleshy, apical part densely covered with foliar bases. Roots wiry, rigid, semi-woody. Cataphylls 2–3 at base of annual tuft of foliage leaves, equitant, narrowly triangular, acuminate, 5–7 cm long, 2.5–3.5 cm wide, abruptly widened at base to 6.0 cm wide. Leaf blade lorate-lanceolate, 40–95 × 3–5.5 cm, margin crisped and denticulate, apex acuminate. Peduncle erect, ca. 3.5 cm long, ca. 5 mm in diameter, distally bracteate; with one U-shaped groove and the groove margin with serration, sterile bracts on peduncle 2, lanceolate, acute; distally often longitudinally concave. Inflorescence a terminal, cylindric, spike 4–58 cm long, ca. 3.5 cm in diameter. Fertile bracts lanceolate, 7.5–1.5× 1.5–3 mm, base branched or erose. Flowers sessile on shallow pits of rachis, 8–10 mm across. Perianth broadly campanulate, yellowish green, glabrous; segments deltoid-lanceolate, 4–5 mm long, 2–3 mm wide, margin erose, caudate. Filaments not widened and adnate to perianth tube, apical part incurved, 1–2 mm long. Ovary globose, 1.5–2.0 mm in diam. Style to 1 mm; stigma 3-lobed. Berries red at maturity, conical, 8–10× 15–18 mm. Seeds reniform, 3–4.3× 5–6.6 mm, hilum oblique. Phenology:—Flowering from March to May. Initial development of fruits was observed from July to November and the fruit persistent until March of the next year. Habitat:—It was found growing under Pinus yunnanensis Franch. forest communities, at elevation 1550–2550 m. Distribution:— CHINA. Sichuan: Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Zhaojue country, Yuanbian country, Huidong country, Jinyang country, Leibo country, Meigu country. Yunnan: Daibu town, Huize country, Qujing city; Jiaozi Snow Mountain, Luquan country; Dabeishan, Xundian country, Kunming city; Dayanshan, Zhaotong city. Other specimens examined:— Rohdea fargesii var. fargesii form : CHINA. ANHUI: Huangshan, 24 September 2016, J.W . Shao, J. Liu, W. Zhang & Y.Q. Li ANUB00693 (ANUB000304). Xiuning, 23 June 1959, Anonymous 2316 (NAS00565973). Yuexi, 22 May 1987, X. L . Liu 548 (PE00593094). CHONGQING: Chengkou, 4 May 1960, Dabashan Exped. 678 (CDBI0166798); 24 June 1958, T . D. Lun 1000999 ( PE00593131); 7 July 1958, T . D. Lun 101173 (IBK00251083); 11 August 1958, T . D. Lun 104036 (PE00593121); 16 August 1958, T . D. Lun 104941 (IBK00250951); 20 September 1958, T . D. Lun 106928 (PE00593129); 26 September 1958, T . D. Lun 106131 (PE00593123); 28 September 1958, T . D. Lun 106197 (PE00593118); 6 October 1958, T. L . Dai 1061121 (PE00593120); 6 November 1958, T. L . Dai 1061121 (PE00593108); 26 September 1958, T . D. Lun 106131 (IBK00250990); 14 September 2005, Y. S . Chen, Z. H. Wu, B. Li & X. S. Guo 3373 (WUK0499272). Fuling, 10 July 1973, Anonymous 636 (SM722208102). Kaixian, 27 June 1998, Z. Y . Liu 974901 (IMC0015743). Nanchuan, 8 May 1957, J. H . Xiong & Y. L. Zhou 90742 (PE00593104); 10 May 1976, Z. Y . Liu 760378 (IMC0015759); 29 June 1996, Z. Y . Liu 18629 (IMC0015778); 17 June 2004, Z. Y . Liu 2040050 (IMC0015782); 31 May 1987, Z. Y . Liu 10645 (IMC0015783); 21 September 2007, Z. Y . Liu 071454 (IMC0015784). Wulong, 5 June 1978, Anonymous 1644 (SM722208103); 21 July 1997, Z. Y . Liu 970284 (IMC0015749); 17 October 1997, L. Z . Yu 972421 (IMC0015750). Wushan, 23 August 1964, H. Y Zhou & H. Y. Li 110213 (PE00593155); 11 May 2008. Wuxi, 7 November 2004, S. S . Chen, Z. H. Chen, B. Li & X. S. Guo 1279 (WUK0492165). 25 April 1960, Dabashan Exped. 00323 (CDBI0166791); 7 June 1973, Li, Wang, Zhang & Ma 73W-184 (SM722208105); 25 April 1998, Z. Y . Liu 972975 (IMC0015800). Youyang, 25 August 1984, Z. Y . Liu 6955 (PE00593149); 19 May 1964, X. Q . Chen & K. Y. Lang 02393 (PE00593150); Anonymous 3175 (PE00593152). FUJIAN. Chongan, Wuyi Mountain, 17 October 1982, Yuanlingchu 821017008 (PE003181); 23 August 1979, Wuyi Exp. 00950 (FJSI025241). Jianning, 21 April 1991, Y. L . Gao 0813 (FJSI025244, FJSI025245); Wuyishan Exped. 400610 (PE00593180). Jiangle, 23 September 1991, Longxi Mountain Exped. 2561 (PE01549755). Shanghang, 1 September 1987, Wuyi Mountain Exped. 7370 (PE01948691). GUIZHOU. Kaili, 20 May 1958, Qiannan Exped. 2053 (NAS00566005). Jiangkou, 25 May 1985, Fanjing Mountain Exped. 402018 (PE01318206). Leishan, 15 January 2016, Y. F . Li 522634160115004 LY (GZTM0063592). Liping, 22 June 1981, Q. H . Chen 888 (FJSJ025239). Nayong, 27 July 1959, Bijie Exped. 523 (PE01318209). Tongzi, 19 May 1987, X. Z . Wang & P. Zhao 870069 (HGAS0070932). Yinjiang, Fanjing Mountain, Qianbei Exped. 683 (PE01318204). Zunyi, Taiyangshan, 11 May 2010, J. J . Xu KKS257 (ZY0000907); Kuankuoshui, 12 May 2009, C . Liu KKS094237 (ZY0004361); 19 May 2010, Y. Q . Zhao KKS104095 (ZY0004418). GUANGXI. Rongshui, 19 October 1958, S. Q . Chen 16844 (IBK00139375); Gandong, 27 May 1981, X. H . Lu 8163 (GXMG0039389); 1 October 2005, Yuanbao Mountain Expecd. Y157 0 (IBK00226066). Xingan, 13 November 1958, S. L . Yu 900167 (IBK00139378); 24 July 1958, Y. Z . Li 51285 (IBK00139384). Ziyuan, 27 November 2008, Anonymous 19298 (GXMG0038824). HENAN. Lushi, 10 July 1959, Anonymous 34145 (PE00593078). HUBEI. Baokang, 4 May 1997, D. Y . Hong & Y. X. Feng H97070 (PE01948270). Fangxian, 4 October 1958, G. R . Liu 0500 (PE00593116). Jianshi, 3 July 1953, L. Y Dai & C. H. Qian E2 (PE00035369); H. C . Chow n.s. (PE00593117). Shennongjia. 10 June 1974, Exi Exped. 10186 (PE01056661); 30 June 1976, Exi Exped. 21193 (PE01056668); 22 August 1976, S. N. J . Exped. 22606 (PE10156673); 23 August 1976, S. N. J . Exped. 31747 (PE10156683); 13 August 1976, S. N. J . Exped. 32378 (PE10156678); 21 June 1976, S. N. J . Exped. 10304 (PE10156681); 26 June 1976, S. N. J . Exped. 30782 (PE10156682). Xingshan, 9 September 1958, Q. M . Hu 250 (NAS00566011). Xuanen, 13 April 1958, H. J . Li 4162 (PE00593114). HUNAN. Baojing, 11 August 2012, X. H . Su & H. B. Liu 433125000030811011 (JIU07009). Chengbu, 24 May 2020, L . Wu et al. 10461 (CSFI072354). Dongan, 21 May 2019, X. Li, J . Yang, C. F. Deng et al. 19041918 (CSFI068170). Guzhang, C. B . Ma & L. J. Shi HY201803322-0264 (JIU54951). Liuyang, 16 September 2014, LXS Exped. LXS-13-17048 (SYS00199863). Longshan, 23 May 2014, Y . Xiao & L. Sun LS-2943 (CSH0149221). Sangzhi, 1 September 1988, Beijing Exped. 4387 (PE01340412). Shimen, 4 July 1999, K. M . Liu 777163 (HNNU00065139). Suining, 1 May 2014, J. J . Zhou & Z. P. Song 1405007 (CSFI028977). Wugang, 8 August 1987, Anonymous 1125 (PE01595975). Xingning, 24 June 1985, Y. B . Luo 2524 (PE00593191). Yizhang, 19 September 2019, L . Wu et al. 8502 (CSFI066837). JIANGXI. Anfu, Wugongshan, 21 August 1963, J. S . Yue 3622 (NAS00565984). Guixi, 8 January 2015, W. H . Wan, G. Ge & Y. Z. Liu et al. 0810155 (JJF0035814). Jingdezhen, 27 May 1959, Q. H . Chen & C. Chen 00996 (LSG00059429). Jiujiang, Lushan, 20 May 1951, H . Zou 00249 (LBG00059430); 1935, Anonymous 10928 (LBG00059434); Huanglongzai, 20 June 2003, M. C . Tan 334 (JJF0023538); 27 September 1963, J. S . Yue 4328 (NAS00565871). Yanshan, 31 August 1964, Wuyishan Exped. 401326 (PE00593098). Yongxin, 19 April 2017, K. L . Guan et al. LXP-13-19764 (SYS00198452). SHANNXI. Foping, 20 July 1952, K. J . Fu 5105 (PE00593084). Gaolan, 13 June 2005, Y. S . Chen, Z. H. Wu, B. Li & J. Z. Sun 2586 (WUK0494169). Pingli, 23 October 2013, X. H . Tian & X. A. Wang TianXH1077 (KUN1392622); 26 July 2006, S . Chen, Z. H. Wu, B. Li & J. Z. Sun 4301 (WUK0500991). Hanzhong, 1 September 1977, S . Wang 198 (PE0052662). Huxian, 23 August 1951, Z. B . Guo 582 (PE00593085); Traditional Chinese medicine Exped. 2036 (PE00593086); Taibai Mountain, 2 May 1939, K. T . Fu 2362 (PE00593089). Meixian, 13 July 2000, Zhu, Chen, Xu & Wang 2511 (PE01944847). Nanzheng, 1 September 1977, J. W . Wang 198 (PE00593083). Ningshan, 20 May 1959, J. Q . Xing 2732 (NAS00566012). SICHUAN. 10 September 1971, Sichuan Exped. 0920 (PE00593145). Wangcang, 1 July 2011, Daba Mountain Exped. 4972 (PE01872790). ZHEJIANG. Changhua, 9 June 1958, B. L . Qiu 29000 (HZ057863, HZ057864). Xiaofeng, 1 June 1959, B. L . Qiu 24280 (HZ057865). Small habit form: CHINA. ANHUI. Chizhou, 18 May 2016, K . Liu, J. Liu & H. F. Wang ANUB1097 (ANUB000303). Huoshan, 22 October 1984, M. B . Deng 80617 (NAA00565977). Jinzai, 14 May 1984, M. B . Deng 81736 (NAS00565975); 4 August 1986, Plant Exped. 183 (PE01557632). CHONGQING. Fengdu, 24 June 1978, Anonymous 0327 (SM722208110). Wuxi. 4 June 1973, Long, Rong & Zhang 73W-284 (SM722208219, SM722208220, SM722208221). Youyang. 26 May 1926, W. P . Fang 946 (PE00593153). HENAN. Shangcheng, 3 September 1984, Anonymous D 1370 (PE00593080). HUBEI. Shennongjia, 27 June 1985, S . X. Yang 242 (IBK00351682); 20 August 1987, L. Q . Chen 030393 (CCAU0001325). Wushan. 11 May 2008, Sanxia Exped. 1443 (PE01823250). Yichang, 12 May 2008, X. Y . Mu YC-186 (BJFC00081922). Yingshan, 28 April 2015, B . Chen CB08786 (CSH0092587). JIANGXI. Jiujiang, 18 August 1951, Y. G . Xiong 06752 (LSG00059432). Suichuan, 19 April 2003, Suichuan Exped. 2003133 (LBG00128733). ZHEJIANG. Xiaofeng, 1 June 1959, B. L . Qiu 24280 (HZ057865); 31 May 1956, M. B . Deng 23412 (NAS00565978). Rohdea sparsiflora form: CHINA. HUBEI. Enshi, 29 August 1959, X. F . Fu & G. S Zhang 1352 (NAS00566008, PE00593102, PE00593103); 29 August 1957, G. Z . Fu & Z. S Zhang 1352 (PE00593100). Hefeng, October 1958, H. J . Li 8323 (PE00593101). Lichuan, Anonymous 144 (PE00593110). Rohdea watanabei form: CHINA. GUANGDONG. Ruyuan, 27 March 1934, X. P. Gao 53972 (IBK00300297); 27 April 1934, X. P. Gao 54196 (NAS00566027, PE00593181); 6 November 1953, X. P. Gao 53594 (PE00593186). Lechang, 26 June N. K. Chun 42552 (PE00593184). GUANGXI. Hezhou, 8 September 1958, X. K. Li 401522 (IBK00139379). HUNAN. Yongshun, 24 September 2019, L. Wu et al. 8751 (CSFI074693). Yizhang, 28 April 2020, W. J. Liu & X. F. Song ms749 (CSFI075437). Yanling, 11 April 2014, W. B. Liao, W. Y. Zhao & W. S. Yang LXP13-5504 (SYS00176085). JIANGXI. 1954, Jiangxi Exped. 276 (PE00593099). Xiushui, 1939, Y. G. Xiong 1493 (LSG00059428); 1947, Y. G. Xiong 06368 (LSG00059427 & LSG00059426). TAIWAN: W. P. Leu & W. H. Hu 96, (HAST); W. C. Leong 2248 (HAST); P. F. Lu 9470, (HAST); W. C. Leong, J. Y. Huang & J. H. Liu 3470 (HAST); J. Murata, H. Murata & M. Hasebe 266691 (TAI). YUNAN. Shunning, February 1936, C. W. Wang 71946 (PE00593171). Shuangbai, 1957, W. Q. Yan 583 (PE00593173). ZHEJIANG. Anji, 1 June 1959, X. Y. He 24280 (PE00593095, HZ057865). Hangzhou, Tianmu Mountain, 10 June 1957, B. L. Qiu 22159 (HZ057857); 25 May 1957, Deng, Huang, Yuan, Ye & Huang 4122 (NAS00565980); C. Q. Yuan & H. S. Yue 1299 (NAS00565981). Qingyuan, Baishanzu Mountain, 9 November 1983, G. S. He 1995 (FJSI025243). Rohdea yunnanensis: CHINA. SICHUAN. Jinyang, 1 August 1978, Anonymous 243 (SM722208272); 20 June 1959, Anonymous s.n. (SM722208129); 28 May 1973, Anonymous Yun 73-43 (SM722208139). Yanbian, 29 April 2003, X. F . Gao, Y. L. Peng & H. L. Zhao 4573 (CDBI0099713); 6 November 1978, Anonymous 588 (SM722208270). Zhaojue, 20 April 1978, Zhaojue Exped. 0037 (SM722208276, SM722208277); 29 June 1976, Anonymous 12750 (CDBI0166782). Leibo, 25 April 1979, Leibo Exped. 6 (SM722208273). Meigu, 10 May 1979, Meigu Exped. 0499 (SM722208274). Ningnan, 5 November 1978, Ningnan Exped. 0949 (SM722208279). Huidong, 24 March 1978, Huidong Exped. 0042 (SM722208282, SM722208283). YUNNAN, Luqian, 2 November 1940, Y. P . Chang 0701 (PE00593296); 28 November 1952, P. Y . Mao 01885 (00593070); Wumeng Mountain, 1982, H . Li, Y. Chen & B. Y. Yu 1023 (HITBC49580); 25 March 2014, J . Cai & T. Zhang 14 CS9032 (KUN1391659). Yongsheng, Yongsheng Exped. 5307220412 (IMDY0023878)., Published as part of Feng, Hui Zhe, Li, Cui Hua, Li, Xue Yu, Liu, Xiao & Lin, Qin Wen, 2023, Reinstatement of the Chinese species Rohdea yunnanensis (Asparagaceae), pp. 105-118 in Phytotaxa 594 (2) on pages 111-117, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.594.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7892287, {"references":["Wang, F. T. & Tang, T. (1978) Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 15. Science Press, Beijing, 280 pp.","Liang, S. Y. & Tanama, M. N. (2000) Tupistra, Rohdea. In: Wu, Z. Y. & Raven, P. H. (Eds.) Flora of China 24. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis & Sciences Press, Beijing, pp. 235 - 239.","Hooker, W. J. (1889) Tupistra chinensis. Hooker's Icones Plantarum 19: pl. 1867.","Tanaka, N. (2003) New combinations in Rohdea (Convallariaceae). Novon 13: 329 - 333. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3393269","Tanaka, N. (2019) Rohdea henryi, the replacement name for R. chinensis, and a new combination for its variety (Asparagaceae). Phytotaxa 400: 48 - 50. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 400.1.7","Baillon, H. (1893) Les plantes alliees aux Tupistra (suite). Bulletin Mensuel de la Societe Linneenne de Paris 2: 1113 - 1117.","Deng, Y. F. (2017) Rohdea fargesii, the correct name for Rohdea chinensis (Asparagaceae). Phytotaxa 302 (3): 298 - 299. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 302.3.12"]}

Rohdea medogensis, a new species from Tibet, China, is described and illustrated. This species is similar to R. verruculosa in sharing characters of the perianth with ringed, fleshy appendage in throat and lobes abaxially with verruculose, but differs mainly by bracts 3 per flower, with several sterile bracts apically; outer bract ca. 4.5 cm long, ca. 3 mm broad; perianth globular; lobes shorter ca. 2.0 mm long, margin lacerated, apical subacut; the top of annular appendage margin lacerated, 2 mm above the top of perianth tube; stigma bend, without lobed; style conspicuous; ovary globose or subglobose, askew; berry and seed ellipsoid, askew.

Anoplocaryum (Boraginaceae), a small genus previously known from Russia and Mongolia, is newly recorded from China. The specimen was discovered in the rock crevices of Zhangjiakou City, Hebei province, China, and was identified as A. helenae Volot. based on both morphological and molecular data. This study updates our knowledge on the geographic distribution of the genus Anoplocaryum. Two taxonomic keys were provided to distinguish Anoplocaryum and Chinese related genera, also to index taxa in Anoplocaryum.

Ophiopogon elatior from south-eastern Yunnan Province of China is described here as new to science. This species is morphologically similar to O. grandis, but differs from the latter species by leaf size (60–80 cm × 5–6 mm vs 25–55 cm × 7–11 mm), scape size (80–100 cm vs 15–20 cm), and flower color (purple-dotted vs white). Moreover, the new species can be easily distinguished from all known species of Ophiopogon with its erect and very tall scape highly overtopping the basal grass-like foliage.

Rohdea medogensis H. Z. Feng & Q. W. LIN, sp. nov. (Figs. 1 & 2) Type:— CHINA. Tibet Autonomous Region: Linzhi, Motuo county, alt. 1837 m, 16 January 2022, Q. W . Lin 2022–0047 (holotype, PE!). Diagnosis:—This species is similar to R. verruculosa (Chen 1987: 69) Tanaka (2003: 332), but differs mainly by bracts 3 per flower, with several sterile bracts apically; outer bract ca. 4.5 cm long, ca. 3 mm broad; perianth globular; lobes shorter ca. 2.0 mm long, margin lacerated, apical subacut; the top of annular appendage margin lacerated, 2 mm above the the top of perianth tube; stigma bend, without lobed; style conspicuous; ovary globose or subglobose, askew; berry and seed ellipsoid, askew. Description:—Chamaephytic herb. Rhizome cylindrical, usually erect, to 2.5 cm in diameter, 5–6 cm long. Roots fibrous, to 6 mm in diameter. Stem (aerial part) short, up to 5 cm long. Leaves equitant, narrowly oblanceolate, narrowly elliptic or lorate, acute to acuminate at apex, tapering gradually to petiole-like base, subcoriaceous, 20–55 cm long, 3–8 cm wide. Peduncle ca. 3 cm long. Spike cylindrical or ellipsoid, with ca. 6 flowers, ca. 5 cm long, with several sterile bracts apically. Bracts 3 per flower, often minutely denticulate at margin, herbaceous or membranous; outer bract 1, borne slightly below flower, exceeding flower, lanceolate or narrowly deltoid, acute, 3–5 cm long, 2– 3 mm broad; inner bract (bracteole) 2, subulate, to 7 mm long, 1.5–2 mm broad, with several sterile bracts apically. Perianth globular, green, turning yellow or orange with age, 8–10 mm across; lobes deltoid-ovate, lacerated, often abaxially with verruculose long margins, 2–3 mm long, 3–4 mm wide; tube cupulate, 2.5–4 mm long, at orifice of tube developing annulus (or annular ledge) appendages, 1–1.5 mm broad. The annulus appendages and tube formed a capsule chamber that encloses the pistil, and there is only a small hole in the center, diam. 1mm, lacerated. The stamens are above the annulus appendages. Anther oblong or ovate, 0.8–1.5 mm long, connectives sometimes corniculate dorsally, cornicle up to 1.5 mm long; filaments incurved, 1–2 mm long, inserted in upper part of perianth tube, decurrent parts lamellate, dilated below, united with adjacent ones in lower part of tube. Pistil ca. 5 mm long; stigma bend and not lobbed; style columnar, conspicuous, 3.5–5.5 mm long; ovary globose or subglobose, askew, 2.5–3.0 mm in diam. Berry ellipsoid, askew, ca. 2.5 cm long, scarlet at maturity. Seed ellipsoid, askew, ca. 1.0 cm in diam. Etymology:—The new species from Motuo (=Medog) country, we therefore give the epithet Rohdea medogensis. Distribution:—This new species is currently known only from Motuo, Linzhi, Tibet, China. Taxonomic relationships:—The comparisons with the known species of Rohdea indicates that R. medogensis is similar to R. verruculosa, R. annulata (Li & Huang in Huang & Li 1990: 51) Yamashita & Tamura (2004: 369) and R. harderi Tanaka, Hannon & Averyanov in Tanaka et al. (2018: 2) by stamens enclosed annulus appendage or stamens situated outer annulus appendage while other species as R. uropetala Handel-Mazzetti (1920: 272), R. lichuanensis (Yang, Wu & Peng in Wang et al. 1991: 40) Yamashita & Tamura (2004: 369) and R. emeiensis (Zhu 1982: 271) Tanaka (2003: 332) possess annulus appendage enclosed stamens or stamens situated inner annulus appendages. The new species more similar to R. verruculosa because of the lobes abaxially with verruculose in these two species. R. medogensis differs from R. verruculosa by the characters of the short spike and peduncle. R. medogensis with several sterile bracts apically and it also has 3 fertile bracts per flower and the outer bract exceeding the flowers. In R. medogensis the perianth globular; lobes deltoid-ovate, very short, apical portion subacute, in R. verruculosa perianth subcampanulate, lobes ovate, apex cuspidate. And the style in R. medogensis was very conspicuous, ovary askew and stigma was bend and not lobed, but in R. verruculosa the style was very short and ovary globose, the stigma was straight and 3-lobed. The floral traits of the two species are compared in Table 1., Published as part of Feng, Hui Zhe, Ren, Yong Zhu Ci, He, Xuan, Han, Qing Xiang & Lin, Qin Wen, 2022, Rohdea medogensis (Asparagaceae), a new species from southeast Tibet, China, pp. 90-94 in Phytotaxa 542 (1) on pages 91-92, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/6404650, {"references":["Chen, J. H. (1987) A new species of Tupistra (Liliaceae) from Guizhou. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 25 (1): 69 - 70.","Tanaka, N. (2003) New combinations in Rohdea (Convallariaceae). Novon 13: 329 - 333. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3393269","Huang, J. L. & Li, H. (1990) Study on the taxonomic system of the genus Tupistra. Acta Botanica Yunnanica 12 (S 3): 49 - 61.","Yamashita, J. & Tamura, M. N. (2004) Phylogenetic analyses and chromosome evolution in Convallarieae (Ruscaceae sensu lato), with some taxonomic treatments. Journal of Plant Research 117: 363 - 370. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10265 - 004 - 0169 - z","Tanaka, N., Hannon, D. P., Harder, D. K., Averyanov, L. V. & Lahmeyer, S. C. (2018) Rohdea harderi (Asparagaceae), a new species from northern Vietnam. Kew Bulletin 73 (3): 31 - 37. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12225 - 018 - 9756 - 3","Handel-Mazzetti, H. R. E. (1920) Tupistra fimbriata. Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, vol 59. Mathematischenaturwissenchaftliche Klasse, Wien. pp. 253 - 256.","Wang, F., Yang, Y., Wu, J. & Peng, D. (1991) A new species of Tupistra Ker-gawl from Hubei. Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research 9: 40 - 42.","Zhu, Z. Y. (1982) A new species of Tupistra of E'meishan. Acta Botanica Yunnanica 4 (3): 271 - 272."]}

Key to the Anoplocaryum and Chinese related genera 1. Calyx lobes unequal, strongly enlarged in fruit, bilaterally compressed, becoming somewhat clamshell-shaped.............. Asperugo - Calyx lobes subequal, slightly enlarged in fruit, not clamshell-shaped.............................................................................................2 2. Nutlets tetrahedral..............................................................................................................................................................................3 - Nutlets dihedral, dorsiventrally compressed......................................................................................................................................4 3. Stamens included................................................................................................................................................................ Trigonotis - Stamens exserted................................................................................................................................................................. Mertensia 4. Nutlets lenticular, smooth...................................................................................................................................................... Myosotis - Nutlets grooved, wrinkled............................................................................................................................................ Anoplocaryum, Published as part of Hao, Jia-Chen, Fan, Ying-Xin, Zhu, Deng-Xiang & Lin, Qin-Wen, 2022, Anoplocaryum: A newly recorded genus of Boraginaceae from China, pp. 205-212 in Phytotaxa 530 (2) on page 210, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.530.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/5832746

Anoplocaryum helenae Volot. (1996: 147) (Fig. 2, 3, 4) Type:��� Russia. [The Sakha Republic], South Yakutia, river Big Ylymakh (basin of the Aldan river), the mouth of the river Cold (Agdy), in shady damp rock crevices, 24 July 1988, 420 m, K.A. Volotovsky s.n. (holotype LE; isotypes SASY, NSK0000079!). Specimens examined:��� CHINA. Hebei Province, Zhangjiakou City, N40��49���57���, E115��26���9���, ca. 2034 m, 4 September 2020, Lin et al. 2020-17 (PE!). Habitat:���moist crevices of granitic rocks. Known distribution:��� Russia, China. Phenology:���flowering in May���July; fruiting in July���August., Published as part of Hao, Jia-Chen, Fan, Ying-Xin, Zhu, Deng-Xiang & Lin, Qin-Wen, 2022, Anoplocaryum: A newly recorded genus of Boraginaceae from China, pp. 205-212 in Phytotaxa 530 (2) on page 210, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.530.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/5832746

Ophiopogon elatior Q.W.Lin, Zhi Y.Yu, Bing Liu & C.T.Le, sp. nov., Figs. 1 & 2. Type:��� CHINA. Yunnan: Jinping County, Fenshuiling National Nature Reserve, Adebo Township, 103��15��� E, 22��50��� N, alt. 1400 m, 27 June 2009, Yunnan Expedition Team YN-ET 260 (holotype, PE; isotype, PE). Chinese vernacular name: �� "�������� (gao ting yan jie cao). Diagnosis: ���This species is most closely related to O. grandis, but differs from it and any other known species of Ophiopogon in the erect and very tall scape highly overtopping the basal grass-like foliage, and relatively large flowers with purple-dotted patulous perianth lobes more than 1 cm long. Description: ���Herb terrestrial, perennial, glabrous. Rhizome simple, horizontal, stout, elongate, 5���10 cm long, ca. 10 mm in diameter. Roots wiry, ca. 1 mm in diameter. Leaves many, tufted, terminal to subterminal, grass-like, linear, arching, 60���80 cm �� 5���6 mm, apex acuminate, base no tapering, with scarious brown wings, margin minutely serrulate, adaxially green, abaxially pale green, with 10���20 narrow parallel white stripes, main longitudinal veins only 1 distinct at middle part of leaves. Scape erect, slender, ridged, 80���100 cm long, highly overtopping the grass-like foliage, dark purple or green, 2���3 mm in diameter. Peduncle (the lower part of scape without flowers) 50���80 cm long; bracts (without flowers) 3, green, lanceolate, the lowest one ca. 3 cm long, the upper ones smaller. Inflorescence a lax raceme with distant fascicles of 1���3 flowers; rachis 15���30 cm long. Floral bracts smaller than the ones on peduncle, lanceolate, apex acuminate, basal part with narrow scarious wings; inner bracts small, scarious. Pedicels (including basal stalky part of perianth) 9���11 mm long (true pedicels excluding perianth part, 5���6 mm long), ca. 0.5 mm in diameter, arching downwards, terete, minutely ridged, purple, articulate in or around middle part. Flowers drooping, relatively large, perianth ca. 2 cm across in fully opening; flower buds narrowly conical. Perianth lobes 6, patulous in fully opening, white, adaxially distinctly purple-dotted, lanceolate to elliptic, 9���11 mm �� 2���4 mm, apex acuminate, inner ones slightly narrower than outer ones. Stamens 6, separate; filaments free, distinct, white, ca. 1.5 mm long; anthers green, introrse, narrowly hastate-anceolate, 6���7 mm long, broaden at base, acuminate at apex. Pistil 1; ovary inferior, 3-locular, generally flat but somewhat protuberant at terminal part; ovules 1���2 per locule; style 1, white, slender, distinctly curved about 2 times, ca. 11 mm long. Immature seeds oblong-obovoid, green. Flower June���July. Etymology:��� This new species is notably characterized by the erect and very tall scape, which could make the whole plant reaching a height of 1 m or higher. Hence, the epithet elatior, meaning the taller scape in Ophiopogon, was given to the species. Distribution and habitat: ��� Ophiopogon elatior is only known from the type location, Yunnan, China. It grows under forest at 1400 m elevation. Comparison: ��� Ophiopogon elatior can be easily distinguished from all known species of Ophiopogon with its erect and very tall scape highly overtopping the basal grass-like foliage. It seems that this species is most closely related to O. grandis, a distinct species accepted by Chen & Tamura (2000) or a synonym of O. intermedius by Tanaka (2000c). The two taxa share some similar floral and vegetative characters, such as stout elongate rhizome-like stems, tufted grass-like leaves, relatively large flowers and lanceolate anthers, etc. However, they are quite distinct with each other in many aspects, such as leaf size (60���80 cm �� 5���6 mm vs 25���55 cm �� 7���11 mm), scape size (80���100 cm vs 15���20 cm), and flower color (purple-dotted vs white). The flowers of O. megalanthus Wang & Dai (1978: 253) are also somewhat similar to that of O. elatior by the relatively large perianth lobes (9-10 mm long in the later) tinged with purplish, but it is quite different by other characters: tuberous rhizome, purple basal part, shorter and broader leaves (25���60 �� 0.8���1.5 cm and broadest at middle part), and shorter scape (30���35 cm long)., Published as part of Lin, Qin-Wen, Le, Chi-Toan, Yu, Zhi-Yong, Sun, Guo-Feng & Liu, Bing, 2021, Ophiopogon elatior, a new species of Asparagaceae from Yunnan, China, pp. 46-50 in Phytotaxa 525 (1) on page 47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.525.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/5681826, {"references":["Chen, X. Q. & Tamura, M. N. (2000) Ophiopogon. In: Wu, Z. Y., Raven, P. H. & Hong, D. Y. (eds.) Flora of China. Vol. 24. Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 252 - 261.","Tanaka, N. (2000 c) Taxonomic notes on Ophiopogon of South Asia VII. The Journal of Japanese Botany 75: 191 - 212.","Wang, F. T. & Dai, L. K. (1978) Ophiopogon zingiberaceus, p. 252. In: Wang, F. T. & Tang, Ts. (eds.) Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 15. Science Press, Beijing."]}

The environmental sensitive phosphorus point of a cinnamon fluvo-aquic soil was 69.4 mg/kg (Olsen-P) evaluated by fitting soil Olsen-P and CaCl2-P content using Heckrath split-line model. The relationship between dissoluble phosphorus (DP) lost from runoff in soils applied different P rate and runoff time was studied using circular water method. The first-order kinetics model was used to simulate the dynamics of DP transported from soil to water with time. The results indicated that this model could simulate the transport suitably. When the applied P less than 400 kg/hm2, the velocity constant K which is average 1.095 h(-1) unchanged; while when the applied P rates were 800 and 1600 kg/hm2, K decreased by 17.2% and 38.9%, respectively. The exponent function was used to simulate the velocity of DP from soil to water with time and the results showed that it was a suitable model. When the applied P less than 400 kg/hm2, the velocity constant K' which is average 1.037 h(-1) unchanged; while when the applied P rate was higher than 800 kg/hm2, a declining tendency was found for K'. There was significant relationship between soil Olsen-P or CaCl2-P content and soil DPLP or VP0 when surface runoff occurred. This result showed that soil Olsen-P or CaCl2-P content could be used to direct the runoff risk as a gist of estimate soil environment.