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A series of POM-based all-inorganic open frameworks, H9[Ln9W8(μ4-O)12(μ2-O)24(H2O)24](SiW12O40)3·60H2O (1-Ln, Ln = La, Pr and Nd), have been fabricated and structurally characterized for the first time. The unique architectures are constructed from nanoscale four-shell Ln@W8@Ln8@(SiW12)6 clusters. Additionally, the porous nature of the frameworks has also been investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work demonstrates a new Lindqvist-like [Fe III6 (μ6-O)L4Cl6]2− (Fe6, L = 2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3-propanediol) cluster for the construction of a novel class of Fe-cluster organic frameworks. The novel Fe6 cluster can be used to build not only a homometallic MOF, but also a heterometallic MOF by introducing copper halide clusters to the reaction system. In particular, the heterometallic MOF achieved a skillful combination of Fe6 SBU and cuprous–halide clusters for the first time. Our synthesis strategy opens up an effective avenue to novel Fe-cluster-based MOF materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A nested Cu24@Cu72 copper–organic framework, [Cu5(bdc)4(ina)2(H2O)3]·solvent (1, H2bdc = 1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid and Hina = isonicotinic acid) based on paddlewheel Cu2(COO)4 SBUs, has been synthesized. There are three types of cages with different sizes and shapes: Cu24-cage, Cu60-cage and Cu72-cage. The Cu72-cage, which is the highest-nuclearity Cu-cage reported to date, encapsulates a Cu24-cage to form a double-walled Cu24@Cu72 cage-within-cage structure. Dye adsorption studies reveal that compound 1 can rapidly and selectively adsorb cationic dyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two unique heterometallic cluster organic frameworks, [Cd4MnIII4MnII6(Tri)4(CH3COO)14(μ4‐O)2(μ3‐O)2(H2O)2] Cd(H2O)2⋅9 H2O (1) and Cu[Cd5Cu6(Tri)4(CH3COO)9(H2O)4]2(CH3COO)3⋅24 H2O (2) (H3Tri=2‐(hydroxymethyl)‐2‐(pyridine‐4‐yl)‐1,3‐propanediol), have been successfully prepared by employing a bifunctional tripodal alcohol ligand as a structure‐directing agent. Crystal structure analyses reveal that 1 represents a rare example of frameworks constructed from Cd−Mn heterometallic chains, and 2 is the first heterometallic MOF based on highest‐nuclear Cd−Cu heterometallic cluster building blocks. Furthermore, the magnetic properties and gas adsorption abilities of 1 and 2 were systematically studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we report a series of novel mixed‐metal‐substituted organic‐inorganic hybrid polyoxometalates (POMs) H3[(CH3)4N]14[NaLn(PW11O39)3]·18H2O (1‐Ln, Ln = Nd, Sm, Eu) via one‐pot solvothermal synthesis methods, which present the first series of polyoxometalate trimers composed of both alkali‐metal‐ and lanthanide‐substituted keggin‐type POMs. The trimeric heterometallic polyoxoanions in 1‐Ln show an interesting linear arrangement and can be further packed together to generate a packing structure with cations [(CH3)4N]+ and H3O+ filling the gaps between polyoxoanions. Compounds 1‐Ln are characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis, TGA, IR and PXRD. Additionally, the luminescence and proton conductive properties of 1‐Ln are also characterized. A series of unprecedented linear mixed‐metal‐substituted organic‐inorganic hybrid polyoxometalate trimers H3[(CH3)4N]14[NaLn(PW11O39)3]·18H2O (1‐Ln, Ln = Nd, Sm, Eu), composed of both alkali‐metal‐ and lanthanide‐substituted keggin‐type POMs, show interesting luminescence and proton conductive properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the past decade, research on the design and synthesis of zeolite‐like metal–organic frameworks (ZMOFs) has developed greatly. As an important subclass of ZMOFs, zeolite‐like cluster organic frameworks (ZCOFs) built from 4‐connected metal‐cluster secondary building units (SBUs) and appropriate linear organic ligand bridges have attracted sustained interest, because such materials not only integrate the merits of inorganic zeolites, ZMOFs, and metal clusters, including interesting topologies, high surface areas, extra‐large cavities and channels, structural tunability, and unique physicochemical properties from various metal clusters, but also open up a new avenue to design and fabricate hybrid zeolite‐like materials that have many potential applications in material sciences. In this review, recent developments in ZCOFs are summarized by classifying the ZCOFs into four categories according to the composition of the SBUs: 1) ZCOFs based on metal–halide cluster SBUs, 2) ZCOFs based on metal–oxygen cluster SBUs, 3) ZCOFs based on metal–chalcogen cluster SBUs, and 4) ZCOFs based on mixed types of metal‐cluster SBUs. Besides, challenges associated with the design and synthesis of ZCOFs and the vast potential of this area are also discussed. A frame of reference: Zeolite‐like cluster organic frameworks (ZCOFs) built from 4‐connected metal‐cluster secondary building units (SBUs) have attracted sustained interest due to their charming structures and potential applications in materials sciences. This Minireview presents a summary of recent advances in the development of ZCOF materials. Challenges associated with the design and synthesis of ZCOFs and the vast potential of this area are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work demonstrates that the use of high‐negative and high‐symmetry lacunary polyoxometalates (POMs) for the clustering of alkali metal ions is a feasible strategy not only for the formation of rare high‐nuclearity alkali‐metal clusters but also for the construction of new‐type all‐inorganic ionic porous materials. By the strategy, an unprecedented high‐nuclearity K‐H2O cluster {K42(H2O)60} with core–shell K6@K36 configuration is stabilized by 8 C3v‐symmetry trivacant POMs [GeW9O34]10−, forming a novel giant ionic alkali‐metal‐POM composite cluster {K42Ge8W72O272(H2O)60} with more than 100 metal centers. The incorporated 42‐nuclearity K‐H2O cluster {K42(H2O)60} exhibits the highest‐nuclearity alkali‐metal‐water cluster known to date in POM chemistry. Further, the giant {K42Ge8W72O272(H2O)60} clusters can be linked by another kind of alkali metal ions Na+ to generate a fascinating three‐dimensional all‐inorganic ionic porous framework with high chemical stability, proton conductivity, and water vapor adsorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two zeolite-like cluster organic frameworks based on Cd-Cu/Mn-Cu heterometallic supertetrahedral secondary building units have been successfully constructed under solvothermal conditions, namely, Cu[Cd4Cu6(L)4(H2O)18](Ac)9 ⋅DMA ⋅3 H2O ( 1), and Cu[Mn4Cu6(L)4(Ac)3(H2O)12](Ac)6 ⋅CH3CN ⋅13 H2O ( 2), where H3L=2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3-propanediol, Ac=CH3COO−, DMA= N, N′-dimethylacetamide. Single-crystal X-ray structural analysis reveals that both 1 and 2 exhibit 3-dimensional zeolite-like architectures with similar 4-connected components, but possess definitely different topologies of diamondoid (dia) and uncommon lonsdaleite (lon), respectively. 1 and 2 represent the first cases of zeolite-like cluster organic frameworks containing Cd-Cu/Mn-Cu heterometallic supertetrahedral secondary building units. Furthermore, the magnetic properties and porous nature of 1 and 2 were also studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a complex background, because of uneven illumination, concrete bubbles, shadows of various shapes, and other noise, traditional crack detection methods based on image processing cannot accurately detect cracks, especially unclear cracks. A crack detection method based on the percolation model fully considers the features of cracks including the characteristics of brightness and length, and therefore can accurately detect cracks in the image. But this method is time consuming, and some noisy areas are detected as crack regions. In order to solve the problems above, we propose an improved algorithm for image crack detection, which includes an accelerated algorithm and a new denoising method based on the percolation model. The accelerated algorithm decreases the number of iterations of percolation processing to reduce the computing time, and the denoising method is based on the characteristic of brightness and the length feature of cracks to remove the noisy regions. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can accurately and efficiently detect cracks in the image. © 2014 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of POM-based all-inorganic open frameworks, H 9 [Ln 9 W 8 (μ 4 -O) 12 (μ 2 -O) 24 (H 2 O) 24 ](SiW 12 O 40 ) 3 ·60H 2 O (1-Ln, Ln = La, Pr and Nd), have been fabricated and structurally characterized for the first time. The unique architectures are constructed from nanoscale four-shell Ln@W 8 @Ln 8 @(SiW 12 ) 6 clusters. Additionally, the porous nature of the frameworks has also been investigated.

A nested Cu24@Cu72 copper-organic framework, [Cu5(bdc)4(ina)2(H2O)3]·solvent (1, H2bdc = 1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid and Hina = isonicotinic acid) based on paddlewheel Cu2(COO)4 SBUs, has been synthesized. There are three types of cages with different sizes and shapes: Cu24-cage, Cu60-cage and Cu72-cage. The Cu72-cage, which is the highest-nuclearity Cu-cage reported to date, encapsulates a Cu24-cage to form a double-walled Cu24@Cu72 cage-within-cage structure. Dye adsorption studies reveal that compound 1 can rapidly and selectively adsorb cationic dyes.

This work demonstrates that the use of high-negative and high-symmetry lacunary polyoxometalates (POMs) for the clustering of alkali metal ions is a feasible strategy not only for the formation of rare high-nuclearity alkali-metal clusters but also for the construction of new-type all-inorganic ionic porous materials. By the strategy, an unprecedented high-nuclearity K-H 2 O cluster {K 42 (H 2 O) 60 } with core-shell K 6 @K 36 configuration is stabilized by 8 C 3v -symmetry trivacant POMs [GeW 9 O 34 ] 10- , forming a novel giant ionic alkali-metal-POM composite cluster {K 42 Ge 8 W 72 O 272 (H 2 O) 60 } with more than 100 metal centers. The incorporated 42-nuclearity K-H 2 O cluster {K 42 (H 2 O) 60 } exhibits the highest-nuclearity alkali-metal-water cluster known to date in POM chemistry. Further, the giant {K 42 Ge 8 W 72 O 272 (H 2 O) 60 } clusters can be linked by another kind of alkali metal ions Na + to generate a fascinating three-dimensional all-inorganic ionic porous framework with high chemical stability, proton conductivity, and water vapor adsorption., (© 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

In order to investigate the potential role of human ERMAP gene in erythropoiesis, the ERMAP-dsDNA was designed, ERMAP-shRNA expressing plasmids was constructed, and ERMAP-shRNA/K562 cell was established. Cell morphology, biphenylamine staining, expression of cell surface antigens as well as quantitative level of human ERMAP gene were observed during K562 cells differentiating toward erythroid lineage induced by Ara-C. The results showed that at 72 hours after Ara-C treatment, ERMAP-shRNA/K562 cell size became large with increasing cytoplasm content. The percentage of biphenylamine positive cells increased from 1.17% to 2.04% (p < 0.05), but still lower than that in group K562 + Ara-C. The percentage of CD36(-)/CD235a(+) increased from 8.83% to 11.28%, CD36(+)/CD235a(+) increased from 1.23% to 2.64%, and CD36(+)/CD235a(-) increased from 0.59% to 1.47% respectively, which were all lower than that in group K562 + Ara-C at either time point. At the same time, the level of ERMAP expression increased slowly from 2.52 x 10(-3) to 4.53 x 10(-3), which was also significantly lower than that of group K562 + Ara-C. It is concluded that the ERMAP-shRNA inhibits the Ara-C-induced erythroid differentiation of K562 cells, which further suggests that there is relationship between hERMAP and erythroid differentiation and development.

The aim of study was to explore the potential of human erythroid membrane associated protein (ERMAP) gene in erythroid cell differentiation and development, mononuclear cells (MNCs) were isolated from umbilical cord blood and induced to erythroid cell differentiation by SCF, IL-3 and EPO. The cell morphology was observed by using optical microscopy, the positive rate of cells was counted by biphenylamine staining and the ratios of CD36+/CD235a-, CD36+/CD235a+, CD36-/CD235a+ cells were detected by flow cytometry, the change of human ermap gene expression level was analyzed by using fluorescent quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR). The results showed that the ermap gene expression level increased while MNCs were induced to erythroid lineage after treatment with SCF, IL-3 and EPO. It is concluded that the human ermap gene plays an important role in differentiation and development of erythroid cells.