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2. Transcultural Issues

Author

Lin, M.T., Lin, K.-M., Starke, K., editor, Born, G.V.R., editor, Eichelbaum, M., editor, Ganten, D., editor, Hofmann, F., editor, Rosenthal, W., editor, Rubanyi, G., editor, Holsboer, Florian, editor, and Ströhle, Andreas, editor

Published
2005
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3. Antibody decay, T cell immunity and breakthrough infections following two SARS-CoV-2 vaccine doses in inflammatory bowel disease patients treated with infliximab and vedolizumab

Author

Lin, S, Kennedy, NA, Saifuddin, A, Sandoval, DM, Reynolds, CJ, Seoane, RC, Kottoor, SH, Pieper, FP, Lin, K-M, Butler, DK, Chanchlani, N, Nice, R, Chee, D, Bewshea, C, Janjua, M, McDonald, TJ, Sebastian, S, Alexander, JL, Constable, L, Lee, JC, Murray, CD, Hart, AL, Irving, PM, Jones, G-R, Kok, KB, Lamb, CA, Lees, CW, Altmann, DM, Boyton, RJ, Goodhand, JR, Powell, N, Ahmad, T, Lin, S, Kennedy, NA, Saifuddin, A, Sandoval, DM, Reynolds, CJ, Seoane, RC, Kottoor, SH, Pieper, FP, Lin, K-M, Butler, DK, Chanchlani, N, Nice, R, Chee, D, Bewshea, C, Janjua, M, McDonald, TJ, Sebastian, S, Alexander, JL, Constable, L, Lee, JC, Murray, CD, Hart, AL, Irving, PM, Jones, G-R, Kok, KB, Lamb, CA, Lees, CW, Altmann, DM, Boyton, RJ, Goodhand, JR, Powell, N, and Ahmad, T

Abstract

Anti tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) drugs increase the risk of serious respiratory infection and impair protective immunity following pneumococcal and influenza vaccination. Here we report SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced immune responses and breakthrough infections in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, who are treated either with the anti-TNF antibody, infliximab, or with vedolizumab targeting a gut-specific anti-integrin that does not impair systemic immunity. Geometric mean [SD] anti-S RBD antibody concentrations are lower and half-lives shorter in patients treated with infliximab than vedolizumab, following two doses of BNT162b2 (566.7 U/mL [6.2] vs 4555.3 U/mL [5.4], p <0.0001; 26.8 days [95% CI 26.2 - 27.5] vs 47.6 days [45.5 - 49.8], p <0.0001); similar results are also observed with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination (184.7 U/mL [5.0] vs 784.0 U/mL [3.5], p <0.0001; 35.9 days [34.9 - 36.8] vs 58.0 days [55.0 - 61.3], p value < 0.0001). One fifth of patients fail to mount a T cell response in both treatment groups. Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections are more frequent (5.8% (201/3441) vs 3.9% (66/1682), p = 0.0039) in patients treated with infliximab than vedolizumab, and the risk of breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection is predicted by peak anti-S RBD antibody concentration after two vaccine doses. Irrespective of the treatments, higher, more sustained antibody levels are observed in patients with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection prior to vaccination. Our results thus suggest that adapted vaccination schedules may be required to induce immunity in at-risk, anti-TNF-treated patients.

Published
2022

5. OP22 Antibody decay, T cell immunity and breakthrough infections following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in infliximab- and vedolizumab-treated patients

Author

Lin, S, primary, Kennedy, N A, additional, Saifuddin, A, additional, Muñoz Sandoval, D, additional, Reynolds, C J, additional, Seoane, R C, additional, Kottoor, S H, additional, Pieper, F P, additional, Lin, K M, additional, Butler, D K, additional, Chanchlani, N, additional, Nice, R, additional, Chee, D, additional, Bewshea, C, additional, Janjua, M, additional, McDonald, T J, additional, Sebastian, S, additional, Alexander, J L, additional, Constable, L, additional, Lee, J C, additional, Murray, C D, additional, Hart, A L, additional, Irving, P M, additional, Jones, G R, additional, Kok, K B, additional, Lamb, C A, additional, Lees, C W, additional, Altmann, D M, additional, Boyton, R J, additional, Goodhand, J R, additional, Powell, N, additional, and Ahmad, T, additional

Published
2022
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6. Heterologous infection and vaccination shapes immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants

Author

Reynolds, CJ, Gibbons, JM, Pade, C, Lin, K-M, Sandoval, DM, Pieper, F, Butler, DK, Liu, S, Otter, AD, Joy, G, Menacho, K, Fontana, M, Smit, A, Kele, B, Cutino-Moguel, T, Maini, MK, Noursadeghi, M, COVIDsortium Immune Correlates Network‡, Brooks, T, Semper, A, Manisty, C, Treibel, TA, Moon, JC, McKnight, Á, Altmann, DM, Boyton, RJ, Medical Research Council (MRC), UKRI, and Temperton, Nigel J.

Subjects
Adult, Male, COVID-19 Vaccines, COVIDsortium Immune Correlates Network‡, General Science & Technology, Cross Protection, Health Personnel, T-Lymphocytes, Antibodies, Viral, Memory B Cells, Protein Domains, Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Antigens, Viral, Vaccine Potency, BNT162 Vaccine, QR355, Multidisciplinary, SARS-CoV-2, Vaccination, COVID-19, Phosphoproteins, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Mutation, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, Female, COVIDsortium Investigators‡
Abstract

Immune imprinting For severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), immune responses to heterologous variants are influenced by a person’s infection history. Healthcare workers (HCWs) may be exposed to several doses and types of antigens, either by natural infection or by vaccination. Reynolds et al . studied a cohort of UK HCWs followed since March 2020. The immunological profiles of these people depended on how often the subject had encountered antigen and which variant was involved. Vaccine responses after infection were found to be less effective if the infection involved heterologous spike from a variant virus. Unfortunately, the N501Y spike mutation, found in many variants, seems to induce the regulatory T cell transcription factor FOXP3, indicating that the virus could subvert effective T cell function. Changes to antibody binding between variants also means that serology data using the Wuhan Hu-1 S1 receptor-binding domain sequence may not be a reliable measure of protection. —CA

Published
2021

19. Two-Stage Guidance Control Scheme for High- Precision Straight-Line Navigation of a Four- Wheeled Planting Robot in a Greenhouse

Author

Lin K.-M., Song G.-B., and Chang C.-L.

Subjects
Scheme (programming language), Heading (navigation), Engineering, business.industry, Biomedical Engineering, Soil Science, Guidance control, Greenhouse, Forestry, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Track (rail transport), Automotive engineering, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Robot, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Slippage, Stage (hydrology), 0210 nano-technology, business, Agronomy and Crop Science, computer, Simulation, Food Science, computer.programming_language
Abstract

Although agricultural robots are intended to move in straight lines in fields, they may yaw off the track because of tire slippage, surface unevenness, uneven weight distribution, or other factors. Many position-guiding technologies have been developed for agricultural robots, but their high costs have resulted in limited real-world use. Moreover, the use of large farming machinery in conjunction with the enormous tractors that are used to perform farm work can result in the destruction of cultivated land. This article presents the design and implementation of a low-cost planting robot with the capability of high-precision straight-line navigation. A two-stage guidance control scheme is proposed to regulate the robot‘s heading angle and minimize the lateral error in straigh

Published
2016
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30. Elastic interaction between a screw dislocation dipole and a surface crack.

Author

Lin, K. M., Hu, C. T., and Lee, Sanboh

Subjects
*DIPOLE moments, *GEOMETRIC surfaces
Abstract

Focuses on a study that investigated the elastic interaction between a screw dislocation dipole and a surface crack. Dislocation distribution inside the crack; Information on the stress field; Details of the image force and image torque in dipole center; Comparison of dipole and monopole.

Published
1988
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33. Regulating photoprotection improves photosynthetic growth and biomass production in QC-site mutant cells of the cyanobacterium <italic>Synechocystis</italic> sp. PCC 6803.

Author

Huang, J.-Y., Hung, N.-T., Lin, K.-M., Chiu, Y.-F., and Chu, H.-A.

Subjects
PHOTOSYNTHESIS, BIOMASS production, CYANOBACTERIA, SYNECHOCYSTIS, PHOTOBIOREACTORS
Abstract

We characterized the photosynthetic growth of wild-type (WT) and QC-site mutant cells of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 grown in a photobioreactor under medium-intensity [~70 μmol(photon) m-2 s-1] and high-intensity [~200 μmol(photon) m-2 s-1] light conditions. Photosynthetic growth rate (the exponential phase) increased about 1.1-1.2 fold for the A16FJ, S28Aβ, and V32Fβ mutant compared with WT cells under medium-intensity light and about 1.2-1.3 fold under high-intensity light. Biomass production increased about 17-20% for A16FJ and S28Aβ mutant cells as compared with WT cells under medium-intensity light and about 14-17% for A16FJ and V32Fβ mutant cells under high-intensity light. The greater photosynthetic growth rate and biomass production of these QC-site mutant cells could be attributed to the increased photosynthesis efficiency and decreased dissipation of wasteful energy from phycobilisomes in mutants vs. WT cells. Our results support that manipulation of photoprotection may improve photosynthesis and biomass production of photosynthetic organisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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36. Band-Gap Optimization for Wave Propagation in Periodic Media using Semi-Definite Programming

Author

MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE, Freund, Robert M, Parrilo, Pablo A, Peraire, Jaime, Men, H, Nguyen, N C, Lin, K M, MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE, Freund, Robert M, Parrilo, Pablo A, Peraire, Jaime, Men, H, Nguyen, N C, and Lin, K M

Abstract

Our research has focused on the optimal design of photonic crystals with large band-gaps, thereby enabling a wide variety of prescribed interaction with and control of mechanical and electromagnetic waves. We have developed computational methods to design two-dimensional photonic crystals with large absolute and relative band gaps. Our modeling methodology yields a series of finite-dimensional eigenvalue optimization problems that are large-scale and non-convex, with low regularity and non-differentiable objective. By restricting to appropriate eigen-subspaces, we have reduced the problem to a sequence of small-scale convex semidefinite programs (SDPs) for which modern SDP solvers can be efficiently applied. Among several illustrations we show that it is possible to design photonic crystals which exhibit multiple band gaps for the combined transverse electric and magnetic modes. The optimized crystals show complicated patterns which are far different from existing photonic crystal designs. We employ subspace approximation and mesh adaptivity to enhance computational efficiency., Published in Physical Review E, v83 n4 article 046703, 6 Apr 2011. Prepared in coopertation with National University of Singapore, Center for Singapore-MIT Alliance, Singapore. The original document contains color images.

Published
2011

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