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2,501 results on '"Lin, John"'

1. Validation of Biomechanical Computed Tomography for Fracture Risk Classification in Metastatic Hormone-sensitive Prostate Cancer.

Author

Lin, John, Hearn, Caleb, Getzen, Emily, Long, Qi, Lee, David, Keaveny, Tony, Jayadevappa, Ravishankar, Robinson, Kyle, Wong, Yu-Ning, Maxwell, Kara, Narayan, Vivek, Haas, Naomi, Takvorian, Samuel, Bikle, Daniel, Chiang, Janet, Khan, Amna, Rajapakse, Chamith, Morgans, Alicia, and Parikh, Ravi

Subjects
Androgen deprivation therapy, Antiresorptive therapy, Biomechanical computed tomography, Dual x-ray absorptiometry, Fracture, Prostate cancer, Humans, Male, Prostatic Neoplasms, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Bone Density, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Risk Assessment, Fractures, Bone, Middle Aged, Androgen Antagonists, Absorptiometry, Photon, Cohort Studies, Biomechanical Phenomena
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Guidelines recommend dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) screening to assess fracture risk and benefit from antiresorptive therapy in men with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). However,

Published
2024

6. Photonic spectro-interferometry with SCExAO/FIRST at the Subaru Telescope: towards H-alpha imaging of protoplanets

Author

Vievard, Sébastien, Lallement, Manon, Huby, Elsa, Lacour, Sylvestre, Guyon, Olivier, Jovanovic, Nemanja, Leon-saval, Sergio, Lozi, Julien, Deo, Vincent, Ahn, Kyohoon, Cvetojevic, Nick, Barjot, Kevin, Martin, Guillermo, Kenchington-Goldsmith, Harry-Dean, Duchêne, Gaspard, Kotani, Takayuki, Marchis, Franck, Rouan, Daniel, Fitzgerald, Michael, Sallum, Steph, Norris, Barnaby, Betters, Chris, Gatkine, Pradip, Lin, John, Kim, Yoo Jung, Pham, Cécil, Cassagnettes, Cédric, Billat, Adrien, Tamura, Motohide, and Perrin, Guy

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

FIRST is a post Extreme Adaptive-Optics (ExAO) spectro-interferometer operating in the Visible (600-800 nm, R~400). Its exquisite angular resolution (a sensitivity analysis of on-sky data shows that bright companions can be detected down to 0.25lambda/D) combined with its sensitivity to pupil phase discontinuities (from a few nm up to dozens of microns) makes FIRST an ideal self-calibrated solution for enabling exoplanet detection and characterization in the future. We present the latest on-sky results along with recent upgrades, including the integration and on-sky test of a new spectrograph (R~3,600) optimized for the detection of H-alpha emission from young exoplanets accreting matter., Comment: Proceedings published in SPIE optics + Photonics (2023) Session "Instrumentation for exoplanet"

Published
2023

7. Towards hyperlocal source identification of pollutants in cities by combining mobile measurements with atmospheric modeling

Author

Lin, John C, Fasoli, Ben, Mitchell, Logan, Bares, Ryan, Hopkins, Francesca, Thompson, Tammy M, and Alvarez, Ramón A

Subjects
Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Sciences, Clinical Research, Sustainable Cities and Communities, Statistics, Environmental Engineering, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, Atmospheric sciences, Climate change science, Environmental engineering
Published
2023

10. Impact of different financial incentive structures on a web-based health survey: do timing and amount matter?

Author

Escudero, Jaclyn, Tiro, Jasmin, Buist, Diana, Gao, Hongyuan, Beatty, Tara, Lin, John, Miglioretti, Diana, and Winer, Rachel

Subjects
Conditional, costing, incentive, survey, unconditional
Abstract

AIM: Financial incentives improve response to electronic health surveys, yet little is known about how unconditional incentives (guaranteed regardless of survey completion), conditional incentives, and various combinations of incentives influence response rates. We compared electronic health survey completion with two different financial incentive structures. METHODS: We invited women aged 30-64 years enrolled in a U.S. healthcare system and overdue for Pap screening to complete a web-based survey after receiving a mailed human papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling kit in a pragmatic trial. HPV kit returners (n = 272) and non-returners (n = 1,083) were allocated to one of two different incentive structures: (1) Unconditional: $5 pre-incentive only (n = 653); (2) Combined: $2 pre-incentive plus $10 post-incentive conditional on completion (n = 702). Chi-square tests evaluated whether survey completion differed by incentive structure within kit return groups or was modified by kit return status. For each incentive-by-kit status group, the cost-per-survey response was calculated as: ([number invited*pre-incentive amount] + [number responses*post-incentive amount]) / number responses. RESULTS: Overall, survey response was higher in kit returners vs. kit non-returners (42.6% vs. 11.0%, P < 0.01), and survey response was higher in the combined (20.1%) vs. unconditional (14.4%) incentive group (P = 0.01). Kit return status did not modify the association between incentive type and survey response (P = 0.52). Among respondents, time to survey completion did not differ by incentive type among either kit returners or non-returners. Among returners, the cost-per-survey response was similar between groups ($13.57 unconditional; $14.15 combined); among non-returners, the cost was greater in the unconditional ($57.78) versus the combined ($25.22) group. CONCLUSION: A combined incentive can be cost-effective for increasing survey response in health services research, particularly in hard-to-reach populations.

Published
2023

11. Structural and photophysical characterization of the small ultra-red fluorescent protein

Author

Maiti, Atanu, Buffalo, Cosmo Z, Saurabh, Saumya, Montecinos-Franjola, Felipe, Hachey, Justin S, Conlon, William J, Tran, Geraldine N, Hassan, Bakar, Walters, Kylie J, Drobizhev, Mikhail, Moerner, WE, Ghosh, Partho, Matsuo, Hiroshi, Tsien, Roger Y, Lin, John Y, and Rodriguez, Erik A

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Quantum Physics, Physical Sciences, Bioengineering, Biotechnology, Underpinning research, 1.3 Chemical and physical sciences, Generic health relevance, Luminescent Proteins, Biliverdine, Coloring Agents, Engineering, Red Fluorescent Protein
Abstract

The small Ultra-Red Fluorescent Protein (smURFP) represents a new class of fluorescent protein with exceptional photostability and brightness derived from allophycocyanin in a previous directed evolution. Here, we report the smURFP crystal structure to better understand properties and enable further engineering of improved variants. We compare this structure to the structures of allophycocyanin and smURFP mutants to identify the structural origins of the molecular brightness. We then use a structure-guided approach to develop monomeric smURFP variants that fluoresce with phycocyanobilin but not biliverdin. Furthermore, we measure smURFP photophysical properties necessary for advanced imaging modalities, such as those relevant for two-photon, fluorescence lifetime, and single-molecule imaging. We observe that smURFP has the largest two-photon cross-section measured for a fluorescent protein, and that it produces more photons than organic dyes. Altogether, this study expands our understanding of the smURFP, which will inform future engineering toward optimal FPs compatible with whole organism studies.

Published
2023

12. The Impact of a Comic Book Intervention on East African-American Adolescents HPV Vaccine-Related Knowledge, Beliefs and Intentions.

Author

Shin, Michelle, Ko, Linda, Ibrahim, Anisa, Mohamed, Farah, Lin, John, Celentano, Isabelle, Amsalu, Fanaye, Ali, Ahmed, Richardson, Barbra, Taylor, Victoria, Winer, Rachel, and Shankar, Megha

Subjects
Adolescent health promotion, Comic book, East African-American communities, HPV vaccination, Immigrant, Adolescent, Humans, Papillomavirus Vaccines, Intention, Papillomavirus Infections, Black or African American, Vaccination, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Books, Patient Acceptance of Health Care
Abstract

HPV vaccine uptake is low among East African-American (EAA) adolescents. We developed a comic book and evaluated the impact on HPV/HPV-vaccine knowledge, beliefs and vaccine intentions. The intervention was delivered to HPV-unvaccinated EAA adolescents attending educational dinners with their mothers. Adolescents aged 14-17 were sequentially assigned alternately to a pre- or post-test. Results were compared with chi-squared tests and generalized estimating equation models adjusted for age, gender, and mothers language. Among 136 (pre-test = 64, post-test = 72) participants (90% Somali), pre/post differences were observed for proportions of correct responses to questions on HPV (44.0% vs. 82.9%, RR:1.87[95%CI 1.54-2.27]), HPV-vaccine knowledge (42.8% vs. 75.4%, RR:1.74[95%CI 1.46-2.07]), comfort discussing HPV/HPV vaccine with parents (57.8% vs. 90.3% somewhat/very comfortable, RR:1.55[95%CI 1.24-1.94]), and willingness (37.5% vs. 83.3% probably/definitely willing, RR:2.16[95%CI 1.55-3.01]) and intention (34.4% vs. 86.1% somewhat/very likely, RR:2.38[95%CI:1.69-3.37]) to get vaccinated. The intervention improved participants HPV/HPV-vaccine knowledge, beliefs and vaccine intentions. Similar interventions could be adapted for other racial/ethnic minorities.

Published
2022

14. Allometrically scaling tissue forces drive pathological foreign-body responses to implants via Rac2-activated myeloid cells

Author

Padmanabhan, Jagannath, Chen, Kellen, Sivaraj, Dharshan, Henn, Dominic, Kuehlmann, Britta A., Kussie, Hudson C., Zhao, Eric T., Kahn, Anum, Bonham, Clark A., Dohi, Teruyuki, Beck, Thomas C., Trotsyuk, Artem A., Stern-Buchbinder, Zachary A., Than, Peter A., Hosseini, Hadi S., Barrera, Janos A., Magbual, Noah J., Leeolou, Melissa C., Fischer, Katharina S., Tigchelaar, Seth S., Lin, John Q., Perrault, David P., Borrelli, Mimi R., Kwon, Sun Hyung, Maan, Zeshaan N., Dunn, James C. Y., Nazerali, Rahim, Januszyk, Michael, Prantl, Lukas, and Gurtner, Geoffrey C.

Published
2023
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15. Hyperferritinemic sepsis, macrophage activation syndrome, and mortality in a pediatric research network: a causal inference analysis

Author

Fan, Zhenziang, Kernan, Kate F., Qin, Yidi, Canna, Scott, Berg, Robert A., Wessel, David, Pollack, Murray M., Meert, Kathleen, Hall, Mark, Newth, Christopher, Lin, John C., Doctor, Allan, Shanley, Tom, Cornell, Tim, Harrison, Rick E., Zuppa, Athena F., Sward, Katherine, Dean, J. Michael, Park, H. J., and Carcillo, Joseph A.

Published
2023
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20. Immunocompromised-Associated Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Experience From the 2016/2017 Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Incidence and Epidemiology Prospective Cohort Study*

Author

Gertz, Shira J., Bhalla, Anoopindar, Chima, Ranjit S., Emeriaud, Guillaume, Fitzgerald, Julie C., Hsing, Deyin D., Jeyapalan, Asumthia S., Pike, Francis, Sallee, Colin J., Thomas, Neal J., Yehya, Nadir, Rowan, Courtney M., Sforza, Jesica, Poterala, Rossana, Fernandez, Analia, Avila Vera, Antonio, Orqueda, Daniel, Agueda Vidal, Nilda, Rosemary, Deheza, Turon, Gonzalo, Monjes, Cecilia, Fernando Espanol, Segundo, Siaba Serrate, Alejandro, Iolster, Thomas, Torres, Silvio, Cinquegrani, Karina, Jose Montes, Maria, Capocasa, Patricia, Ferreyra, Marcela, Castellani, Pablo, Giampieri, Martin, Pedraza, Claudia, Martin Landry, Luis, Althabe, Maria, Vanesa Fortini, Yanina, Botta, Priscila, Paziencia, Fernando, Erickson, Simon, Barr, Samantha, Shea, Sara, Butt, Warwick, Delzoppo, Carmel, Pintimalla, Alyssa, Martinez Leon, Alejandro Fabio, Guzman Rivera, Gustavo Alfredo, Jouvet, Philippe, Emeriaud, Guillaume, Dumitrascu, Mariana, Ellen French, Mary, Caro, Daniel, Castillo, I, Andres, E., Cruces Romero, Pablo, Medina, Tania, Pavez Madrid, Paula, Cortez, Ambar, Alvear, Jimena, Acuna, Carlos, Diaz, Franco, Jose Nunez, Maria, Wegner Araya, Adriana, Godoy Mundaca, Loreto, Chen, Yang, Perez Lozano, German, Pardo Carrero, Rosalba, Lopez Alarcon, Yurika Paola, Mazzillo Vega, Liliana, Maria Izquierdo, Ledys, Piñeres Olave, Byron Enrique, Zuluaga Orrego, Cesar, Quinonez Lopez, Deyanira, Vasquez Hoyos, Pablo, Vavrina, Martin, Zurek, Jiri, Campos-Miño, Santiago, Yerovi, Rocio, Bridier, Armelle, Payen, Valerie, Milesi, Christophe, Bourgoin, Pierre, Travert, Brendan, Genuini, Mathieu, Starck, Julie, Maria, Matthieu, Guichoux, Julie, Baudin, Florent, Briassoulis, George, Ilia, Stavroula, Di Nardo, Matteo, Camporesi, Anna, Chiusolo, Fabrizio, Shime, Nobuaki, Ohshimo, Shinichiro, Kida, Yoshiko, Kyo, Michihito, Tabata, Yuichi, Fong Tang, Swee, Wern Tai, Chian, See Lum, Lucy Chai, Elghuwael, Ismail, Jimenez Rivera, Nestor Javier, Jarillo Quijada, Alberto E, Kneyber, Martin, Dijkstra, Sandra, Beca, John, Sherring, Claire, Miriam, Rea, Vargas G, Sonia I, Vasquez Miranda, Daniel, Ramirez Cortez, Grimaldo, Tantalean, Jose, Pagowska-Klimek, Izabela, Gil Escobar, Carlos, Sousa Moniz, Marta, Camilo, Cristina, Hazwani, Tarek, Aldairi, Nedaa, Al Amoudi, Ahmed, Alahmadti, Ahmad, Taylor, Ryan, Mendizabal, Mikel, Goni Orayen, Concepcion, Lopez Fernandez, Yolanda, Ramon Valle, Juan, Martinez, Lidia, Pilar Orive, Javier, Brezmes, Marta, Lopez-Herce, Jesus, Parrilla, Julio, Gaboli, Mirella, Gonzalez Gomez, Jose Manuel, Morales Martinez, Antonio, Alapont, Vicent Modesto I, Sanchez Diaz, Juan Ignacio, Llorente de la Fuente, Ana M., Palanca Arias, Daniel, Madurga Revilla, Paula, Martinez de Azagra, Amelia, Garcia Gonzalez, Maria, Arjona Villanueva, David, Garcia Casas, Paula, Brio Sanagustin, Sonia, Pons Odena, Marti, Medina, Alberto, Onate Vergara, Eider, Rodriguez Campoy, Patricia, Reyes Dominguez, Susana, Dursun, Oguz, Atike Ongun, Ebru, Kamit Can, Fulya, Berna Anil, Ayse, Baines, Paul, Walsh, Laura, Jones, Dawn, Sadasivam, Kalaimaran, Mildner, Reinout, Plunkett, Adrian, Lillie, Jon, Tibby, Shane, Wellman, Paul, Belfield, Holly, Brierley, Joe, Dominguez, Troy E., Abaleke, Eugenia, Feinstein, Yael, Deep, Akash, Sundararajan, Santosh, Oruganti, Siva, Silvestre, Catarina, Weitz, James, Sheward, Victoria, Macrae, Duncan, Aramburo, Angela, Fortune, Peter-Marc, Subramanian, Gayathri, Jennings, Claire, Dwarakanathan, Buvana, Inwald, David, Feather, Calandra, Agbeko, Rachel, Lawton-Woodhall, Angela, McIntyre, Karen, Sykes, Kim, Pappachan, Jon, Gale, Helen, Mellish, Christie, McCorkell, Jenni, Torero, Luis, Nofziger, Ryan, Latifi, Samir, Anthony, Heather, Sanders, Ron, Hefley, Glenda, Virk, Manpreet, Jaimon, Nancy, Maddux, Aline B., Mourani, Peter M., Ralston, Kimberly, Sierra, Yamila, Khemani, Robinder, Newth, Christopher, Bhalla, Anoopindar, Kwok, Jeni, Morzov, Rica, Mahapatra, Sidharth, Truemper, Edward, Kustka, Lucinda, Nett, Sholeen T., Singleton, Marcy, Dean Jarvis, J., Yehya, Nadir, Napolitano, Natalie, Murphy, Marie, Ronan, Laurie, Morgan, Ryan, Kubis, Sherri, Broden, Elizabeth, Willson, Douglas, Henderson, Grace, Gedeit, Rainer, Murkowski, Kathy, Woods, Katherine, Kasch, Mary, Han, Yong Y, Affolter, Jeremy T, Tieves, Kelly S, Hughes-Schalk, Amber, Chima, Ranjit S., Krallman, Kelli, Stoneman, Erin, Benken, Laura, Yunger, Toni, Schneider, James, Sweberg, Todd, Kessel, Aaron, Carroll, Christopher L., Santanelli, James, Ackerman, Kate G, Cullimore, Melissa, Rowan, Courtney, Bales, Melissa, Keith Dockery, W., Jafari-Namin, Shirin, Barry, Dana, Jane’t, Keary, Alibrahim, Omar, Patankar, Nikhil, Qiao, Haiping, Gertz, Shira, Su, Felice, Haileselassie, Bereketeab, Song, Hanqiu, Bysani, Kris, Monjure, Tracey, Beltramo, Fernando, Totapally, Balagangadhar, Govantes, Beatriz, Coates, Bria, Wellisch, Lawren, Allen, Kiona, Shukla, Avani, Thomas, Neal J., Spear, Debbie, Shein, Steven L., Gertz, Shira, Parker, Margaret M., Sloniewsky, Daniel, Allen, Christine, Harrell, Amy, Pinto, Neethi, Kniola, Allison, Rodgers, Chiara, Cvijanovich, Natalie, Typpo, Katri, Kelley, Connor, King, Caroline, Sapru, Anil, Ratiu, Anna, Ashtari, Neda, Sikora, Lindsay, Jeyapalan, Asumthia S., Coronado-Munoz, Alvaro, Flori, Heidi, Dahmer, Mary K., Jayachandran, Chaandini, Hume, Janet, Nerheim, Dan, Smith, Rebecca, Spaeder, Michael, Adu-Darko, Michelle, Smith, Lincoln, Hartmann, Silvia, Sullivan, Erin, Merritt, Courtney, Al-Subu, Awni, Blom, Andrea, Lin, John C., Spinella, Philip, Hsing, Deyin D., Pon, Steve, Brian Estil, Jim, Gautam, Richa, Giuliano, John S., Jr, and Tala, Joana

Published
2024
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24. A multi-city urban atmospheric greenhouse gas measurement data synthesis

Author

Mitchell, Logan E, Lin, John C, Hutyra, Lucy R, Bowling, David R, Cohen, Ronald C, Davis, Kenneth J, DiGangi, Elizabeth, Duren, Riley M, Ehleringer, James R, Fain, Clayton, Falk, Matthias, Guha, Abhinav, Karion, Anna, Keeling, Ralph F, Kim, Jooil, Miles, Natasha L, Miller, Charles E, Newman, Sally, Pataki, Diane E, Prinzivalli, Steve, Ren, Xinrong, Rice, Andrew, Richardson, Scott J, Sargent, Maryann, Stephens, Britton B, Turnbull, Jocelyn C, Verhulst, Kristal R, Vogel, Felix, Weiss, Ray F, Whetstone, James, and Wofsy, Steven C

Subjects
Climate Action, Sustainable Cities and Communities
Abstract

Urban regions emit a large fraction of anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) that contribute to modern-day climate change. As such, a growing number of urban policymakers and stakeholders are adopting emission reduction targets and implementing policies to reach those targets. Over the past two decades research teams have established urban GHG monitoring networks to determine how much, where, and why a particular city emits GHGs, and to track changes in emissions over time. Coordination among these efforts has been limited, restricting the scope of analyses and insights. Here we present a harmonized data set synthesizing urban GHG observations from cities with monitoring networks across North America that will facilitate cross-city analyses and address scientific questions that are difficult to address in isolation.

Published
2022

25. Human papillomavirus vaccination coverage among young, gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men and transgender women — 3 U.S. cities, 2016–2018

Author

Amiling, Raiza, Winer, Rachel L, Newcomb, Michael E, Gorbach, Pamina M, Lin, John, Crosby, Richard A, Mustanski, Brian, Markowitz, Lauri E, and Meites, Elissa

Subjects
Sexually Transmitted Infections, Immunization, Clinical Research, Vaccine Related, Infectious Diseases, Prevention, HPV and/or Cervical Cancer Vaccines, Cancer, Sexual and Gender Minorities (SGM/LGBT*), 3.4 Vaccines, Prevention of disease and conditions, and promotion of well-being, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Adolescent, Alphapapillomavirus, Child, Cities, Female, Gender Identity, Homosexuality, Male, Humans, Male, Papillomavirus Infections, Papillomavirus Vaccines, Sexual and Gender Minorities, Transgender Persons, Vaccination, Vaccination Coverage, Vaccination coverage, papillomavirus vaccines, sexual and gender minorities, vaccination, young adult, Immunology, Medical Microbiology, Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Virology
Abstract

Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women are disproportionately affected by human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV vaccination is routinely recommended for U.S. adolescents at age 11-12 years, with catch-up vaccination through age 26 years. We assessed HPV vaccination coverage and associated factors among young MSM and transgender women. The Vaccine Impact in Men study enrolled MSM aged 18-26 years from clinics in Seattle, Chicago, and Los Angeles, during February 2016-September 2018. Participants self-reported socio-demographic information and HPV vaccination status. Among 1416 participants, 673 (47.5%) reported ≥1 HPV vaccine dose. Among vaccinated participants, median age at first dose was 19 years and median age at first sex was 17 years; 493 (73.3%) reported that their age at first dose was older than their age at first sex. There were significant differences in HPV vaccination coverage by city (range 33%-62%), age, race/ethnicity, and gender identity. Coverage was highest in Seattle, where younger age was the only factor associated with vaccination. Differences in coverage by city may be due to variation in vaccination practices or enrollment at study sites. Increasing both routine and catch-up vaccination will improve coverage among MSM and transgender women.

Published
2021

26. In situ vaccination via tissue-targeted cDC1 expansion enhances the immunogenicity of chemoradiation and immunotherapy

Author

Lam, Brandon, Kung, Yu Jui, Lin, John, Tseng, Ssu-Hsueh, Tu, Hsin-Fang, Huang, Claire, Lee, Brandon, Velarde, Esteban, Tsai, Ya Chea, Villasmil, Rafael, Park, Sung Taek, Xing, Deyin, Hung, Chien-Fu, and Wu, T.- C.

Subjects
Chemotherapy -- Patient outcomes, Tumor antigens -- Testing, Apoptosis -- Health aspects, Cancer vaccines -- Dosage and administration, Cancer -- Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy -- Patient outcomes, Health care industry
Abstract

Even with the prolific clinical use of next-generation cancer therapeutics, many tumors remain unresponsive or become refractory to therapy, creating a medical need. In cancer, DCs are indispensable for T cell activation, so there is a restriction on cytotoxic T cell immunity if DCs are not present in sufficient numbers in the tumor and draining lymph nodes to take up and present relevant cancer antigens. To address this bottleneck, we developed a therapeutic based on albumin fused with FMS-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Alb-Flt3L) that demonstrated superior pharmacokinetic properties compared with Flt3L, including significantly longer half-life, accumulation in tumors and lymph nodes, and cross-presenting-DC expansion following a single injection. We demonstrated that Alb-Flt3L, in combination with standard-of-care chemotherapy and radiation therapy, serves as an in situ vaccination strategy capable of engendering polyclonal tumor neoantigen- specific immunity spontaneously. In addition, Alb-Flt3L-mediated tumor control synergized with immune checkpoint blockade delivered as anti-PD-L1. The mechanism of action of Alb-Flt3L treatment revealed a dependency on Batf3, type I IFNs, and plasmacytoid DCs. Finally, the ability of Alb-Flt3L to expand human DCs was explored in humanized mice. We observed significant expansion of human cross-presenting-DC subsets, supporting the notion that Alb-Flt3L could be used clinically to modulate human DC populations in future cancer therapeutic regimens., Introduction The ability to engender potent neoantigen- or tumor-associated antigen-specific [CD8.sup.+] cytotoxic T cell immunity is indispensable to the long-term therapeutic efficacy of essentially all cancer treatment strategies. Classical methods [...]

Published
2024
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29. Noninvasive Ventilation for Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Experience From the 2016/2017 Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Incidence and Epidemiology Prospective Cohort Study*

Author

Emeriaud, Guillaume, Pons-Òdena, Marti, Bhalla, Anoopindar K., Shein, Steven L., Killien, Elizabeth Y., Modesto i Alapont, Vicent, Rowan, Courtney, Baudin, Florent, Lin, John C., Grégoire, Gabrielle, Napolitano, Natalie, Mayordomo-Colunga, Juan, Diaz, Franco, Cruces, Pablo, Medina, Alberto, Smith, Lincoln, Khemani, Robinder G., Sforza, Jesica, Poterala, Rossana, Fernandez, Analia, Avila Vera, Antonio, Orqueda, Daniel, Agueda Vidal, Nilda, Rosemary, Deheza, Turon, Gonzalo, Monjes, Cecilia, Espanol, Segundo Fernando, Serrate, Alejandro Siaba, Iolster, Thomas, Torres, Silvio, Cinquegrani, Karina, Jose Montes, Maria, Capocasa, Patricia, Ferreyra, Marcela, Castellani, Pablo, Giampieri, Martin, Pedraza, Claudia, Landry, Luis Martin, Althabe, Maria, Fortini, Yanina Vanesa, Botta, Priscila, Paziencia, Fernando, Erickson, Simon, Barr, Samantha, Shea, Sara, Butt, Warwick, Delzoppo, Carmel, Pintimalla, Alyssa, Leon, Alejandro Fabio Martinez, Rivera, Gustavo Alfredo Guzman, Jouvet, Philippe, Emeriaud, Guillaume, Dumitrascu, Mariana, Ellen French, Mary, Caro I, Daniel, Castillo, Andres E., Romero, Pablo Cruces, Medina, Tania, Madrid, Paula Pavez, Cortez, Ambar, Alvear, Jimena, Acuna, Carlos, Diaz, Franco, Nunez, Maria Jose, Araya, Adriana Wegner, Mundaca, Loreto Godoy, Chen, Yang, Lozano, German Perez, Carrero, Rosalba Pardo, Alarcon, Yurika Paola Lopez, Vega, Liliana Mazzillo, Izquierdo, Ledys Maria, Olave, Byron Enrique Piñeres, Orrego, Cesar Zuluaga, Lopez, Deyanira Quinonez, Hoyos, Pablo Vasquez, Vavrina, Martin, Zurek, Jiri, Campos-Miño, Santiago, Yerovi, Rocio, Bridier, Armelle, Payen, Valerie, Milesi, Christophe, Bourgoin, Pierre, Travert, Brendan, Genuini, Mathieu, Starck, Julie, Maria, Matthieu, Guichoux, Julie, Baudin, Florent, Briassoulis, George, Ilia, Stavroula, Di Nardo, Matteo, Camporesi, Anna, Chiusolo, Fabrizio, Shime, Nobuaki, Ohshimo, Shinichiro, Kida, Yoshiko, Kyo, Michihito, Tabata, Yuichi, Tang, Swee Fong, Tai, Chian Wern, Lum, Lucy Chai See, Elghuwael, Ismail, Rivera, Nestor Javier Jimenez, Jarillo Quijada, Alberto E, Kneyber, Martin, Dijkstra, Sandra, Beca, John, Sherring, Claire, Rea, Miriam, Vargas G, Sonia I, Miranda, Daniel Vasquez, Cortez, Grimaldo Ramirez, Tantalean, Jose, Pagowska-Klimek, Izabela, Escobar, Carlos Gil, Moniz, Marta Sousa, Camilo, Cristina, Hazwani, Tarek, Aldairi, Nedaa, Al Amoudi, Ahmed, Alahmadti, Ahmad, Taylor, Ryan, Mendizabal, Mikel, Orayen, Concepcion Goni, Fernandez, Yolanda Lopez, Valle, Juan Ramon, Martinez, Lidia, Orive, Javier Pilar, Brezmes, Marta, Lopez-Herce, Jesus, Parrilla, Julio, Gaboli, Mirella, Gomez, Jose Manuel Gonzalez, Morales Martinez, Antonio, Alapont, Vicent Modesto I, Diaz, Juan Ignacio Sanchez, Llorente de la Fuente, Ana M., Palanca Arias, Daniel, Madurga Revilla, Paula, Martinez de Azagra, Amelia, Garcia Gonzalez, Maria, Arjona Villanueva, David, Garcia Casas, Paula, Brio Sanagustin, Sonia, Pons Odena, Marti, Medina, Alberto, Onate Vergara, Eider, Rodriguez Campoy, Patricia, Reyes Dominguez, Susana, Dursun, Oguz, Atike Ongun, Ebru, Kamit Can, Fulya, Berna Anil, Ayse, Baines, Paul, Walsh, Laura, Jones, Dawn, Sadasivam, Kalaimaran, Mildner, Reinout, Plunkett, Adrian, Lillie, Jon, Tibby, Shane, Wellman, Paul, Belfield, Holly, Brierley, Joe, Dominguez, Troy E., Abaleke, Eugenia, Feinstein, Yael, Deep, Akash, Sundararajan, Santosh, Oruganti, Siva, Silvestre, Catarina, Weitz, James, Sheward, Victoria, Macrae, Duncan, Aramburo, Angela, Fortune, Peter-Marc, Subramanian, Gayathri, Jennings, Claire, Dwarakanathan, Buvana, Inwald, David, Feather, Calandra, Agbeko, Rachel, Lawton-Woodhall, Angela, McIntyre, Karen, Sykes, Kim, Pappachan, Jon, Gale, Helen, Mellish, Christie, McCorkell, Jenni, Torero, Luis, Nofziger, Ryan, Latifi, Samir, Anthony, Heather, Sanders, Ron, Hefley, Glenda, Virk, Manpreet, Jaimon, Nancy, Maddux, Aline B., Mourani, Peter M., Ralston, Kimberly, Sierra, Yamila, Khemani, Robinder, Newth, Christopher, Bhalla, Anoopindar, Kwok, Jeni, Morzov, Rica, Mahapatra, Sidharth, Truemper, Edward, Kustka, Lucinda, Nett, Sholeen T., Singleton, Marcy, Dean Jarvis, J., Yehya, Nadir, Napolitano, Natalie, Murphy, Marie, Ronan, Laurie, Morgan, Ryan, Kubis, Sherri, Broden, Elizabeth, Willson, Douglas, Henderson, Grace, Gedeit, Rainer, Murkowski, Kathy, Woods, Katherine, Kasch, Mary, Han, Yong Y, Affolter, Jeremy T, Tieves, Kelly S, Hughes-Schalk, Amber, Chima, Ranjit S., Krallman, Kelli, Stoneman, Erin, Benken, Laura, Yunger, Toni, Schneider, James, Sweberg, Todd, Kessel, Aaron, Carroll, Christopher L., Santanelli, James, Ackerman, Kate G, Cullimore, Melissa, Rowan, Courtney, Bales, Melissa, Keith Dockery, W., Jafari-Namin, Shirin, Barry, Dana, Jane’t, Keary, Alibrahim, Omar, Patankar, Nikhil, Qiao, Haiping, Gertz, Shira, Su, Felice, Haileselassie, Bereketeab, Song, Hanqiu, Bysani, Kris, Monjure, Tracey, Beltramo, Fernando, Totapally, Balagangadhar, Govantes, Beatriz, Coates, Bria, Wellisch, Lawren, Allen, Kiona, Shukla, Avani, Thomas, Neal J., Spear, Debbie, Shein, Steven L., Gertz, Shira, Parker, Margaret M., Sloniewsky, Daniel, Allen, Christine, Harrell, Amy, Pinto, Neethi, Kniola, Allison, Rodgers, Chiara, Cvijanovich, Natalie, Typpo, Katri, Kelley, Connor, King, Caroline, Sapru, Anil, Ratiu, Anna, Ashtari, Neda, Sikora, Lindsay, Jeyapalan, Asumthia S., Coronado-Munoz, Alvaro, Flori, Heidi, Dahmer, Mary K., Jayachandran, Chaandini, Hume, Janet, Nerheim, Dan, Smith, Rebecca, Spaeder, Michael, Adu-Darko, Michelle, Smith, Lincoln, Hartmann, Silvia, Sullivan, Erin, Merritt, Courtney, Al-Subu, Awni, Blom, Andrea, Lin, John C., Spinella, Philip, Hsing, Deyin D., Pon, Steve, Brian Estil, Jim, Gautam, Richa, Giuliano, John S., Jr, and Tala, Joana

Published
2023
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30. Early, Persistent Lymphopenia Is Associated With Prolonged Multiple Organ Failure and Mortality in Septic Children

Author

Podd, Bradley S., Banks, Russell K., Reeder, Ron, Telford, Russell, Holubkov, Richard, Carcillo, Joseph, Berg, Robert A., Wessel, David, Pollack, Murray M., Meert, Kathleen, Hall, Mark, Newth, Christopher, Lin, John C., Doctor, Allan, Shanley, Tom, Cornell, Tim, Harrison, Rick E., Zuppa, Athena F., Sward, Katherine, Dean, J. Michael, and Randolph, Adrienne G.

Published
2023
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32. Coupled Air Quality and Boundary-Layer Meteorology in Western U.S. Basins during Winter: Design and Rationale for a Comprehensive Study.

Author

Hallar, A Gannet, Brown, Steven S, Crosman, Erik, Barsanti, Kelley, Cappa, Christopher D, Faloona, Ian, Fast, Jerome, Holmes, Heather A, Horel, John, Lin, John, Middlebrook, Ann, Mitchell, Logan, Murphy, Jennifer, Womack, Caroline C, Aneja, Viney, Baasandorj, Munkhbayar, Bahreini, Roya, Banta, Robert, Bray, Casey, Brewer, Alan, Caulton, Dana, de Gouw, Joost, De Wekker, Stephan FJ, Farmer, Delphine K, Gaston, Cassandra J, Hoch, Sebastian, Hopkins, Francesca, Karle, Nakul N, Kelly, James T, Kelly, Kerry, Lareau, Neil, Lu, Keding, Mauldin, Roy L, Mallia, Derek V, Martin, Randal, Mendoza, Daniel, Oldroyd, Holly J, Pichugina, Yelena, Pratt, Kerri A, Saide, Pablo, Silva, Phillip J, Simpson, William, Stephens, Britton B, Stutz, Jochen, and Sullivan, Amy

Subjects
Chemistry, atmospheric, Greenhouse gases, Aircraft observations, Field experiments, Mountain meteorology, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atmospheric Sciences, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Abstract

Wintertime episodes of high aerosol concentrations occur frequently in urban and agricultural basins and valleys worldwide. These episodes often arise following development of persistent cold-air pools (PCAPs) that limit mixing and modify chemistry. While field campaigns targeting either basin meteorology or wintertime pollution chemistry have been conducted, coupling between interconnected chemical and meteorological processes remains an insufficiently studied research area. Gaps in understanding the coupled chemical-meteorological interactions that drive high pollution events make identification of the most effective air-basin specific emission control strategies challenging. To address this, a September 2019 workshop occurred with the goal of planning a future research campaign to investigate air quality in Western U.S. basins. Approximately 120 people participated, representing 50 institutions and 5 countries. Workshop participants outlined the rationale and design for a comprehensive wintertime study that would couple atmospheric chemistry and boundary-layer and complex-terrain meteorology within western U.S. basins. Participants concluded the study should focus on two regions with contrasting aerosol chemistry: three populated valleys within Utah (Salt Lake, Utah, and Cache Valleys) and the San Joaquin Valley in California. This paper describes the scientific rationale for a campaign that will acquire chemical and meteorological datasets using airborne platforms with extensive range, coupled to surface-based measurements focusing on sampling within the near-surface boundary layer, and transport and mixing processes within this layer, with high vertical resolution at a number of representative sites. No prior wintertime basin-focused campaign has provided the breadth of observations necessary to characterize the meteorological-chemical linkages outlined here, nor to validate complex processes within coupled atmosphere-chemistry models.

Published
2021

37. Oxidation State and Surface Reconstruction of Cu under CO2 Reduction Conditions from In Situ X‑ray Characterization

Author

Lee, Soo Hong, Lin, John C, Farmand, Maryam, Landers, Alan T, Feaster, Jeremy T, Acosta, Jaime E Avilés, Beeman, Jeffrey W, Ye, Yifan, Yano, Junko, Mehta, Apurva, Davis, Ryan C, Jaramillo, Thomas F, Hahn, Christopher, and Drisdell, Walter S

Subjects
Engineering, Macromolecular and Materials Chemistry, Materials Engineering, Chemical Sciences, Affordable and Clean Energy, Climate Action, General Chemistry, Chemical sciences
Abstract

The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) using Cu-based catalysts holds great potential for producing valuable multi-carbon products from renewable energy. However, the chemical and structural state of Cu catalyst surfaces during the CO2RR remains a matter of debate. Here, we show the structural evolution of the near-surface region of polycrystalline Cu electrodes under in situ conditions through a combination of grazing incidence X-ray absorption spectroscopy (GIXAS) and X-ray diffraction (GIXRD). The in situ GIXAS reveals that the surface oxide layer is fully reduced to metallic Cu before the onset potential for CO2RR, and the catalyst maintains the metallic state across the potentials relevant to the CO2RR. We also find a preferential surface reconstruction of the polycrystalline Cu surface toward (100) facets in the presence of CO2. Quantitative analysis of the reconstruction profiles reveals that the degree of reconstruction increases with increasingly negative applied potentials, and it persists when the applied potential returns to more positive values. These findings show that the surface of Cu electrocatalysts is dynamic during the CO2RR, and emphasize the importance of in situ characterization to understand the surface structure and its role in electrocatalysis.

Published
2021

38. Glucan rich nutrition does not increase gut translocation of beta‐glucan

Author

Hoenigl, Martin, Lin, John, Finkelman, Malcolm, Zhang, Yonglong, Karris, Maile Y, Letendre, Scott L, Ellis, Ronald J, Burke, Leah, Richard, Byron, Gaufin, Thaidra, Isnard, Stéphane, Routy, Jean‐Pierre, and Gianella, Sara

Subjects
Medical Microbiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Digestive Diseases, Liver Disease, Clinical Research, Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis, HIV/AIDS, Infectious Diseases, Infection, Oral and gastrointestinal, Adult, Biomarkers, Female, Glucans, HIV Infections, Humans, Invasive Fungal Infections, Liver Cirrhosis, Male, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, Young Adult, beta-Glucans, 1&#8208, 3&#8208, beta&#8208, D&#8208, glucan, fungal translocation, healthy controls, liver cirrhosis, microbial translocation, non&#8208, AIDS events, plasma, 1-3-beta-D-glucan, non-AIDS events, Microbiology, Clinical sciences
Abstract

Background(1-3)-b-D-glucan (BDG) is a fungal cell wall component and, in the absence of invasive fungal infection, a novel biomarker for microbial translocation of endogenous fungal products from the gastrointestinal tract into systemic circulation. However, its value as a marker of fungal translocation is limited by a concern that plant BDG-rich food influences blood BDG levels.MethodsWe conducted a pilot clinical trial to evaluate the impact of a standardised oral BDG challenge on blood BDG levels in participants with and without elevated microbial translocation. We enrolled 14 participants including 8 with HIV infection, 2 with advanced liver cirrhosis, and 4 healthy controls. After obtaining a baseline blood sample, participants received a standardised milkshake containing high levels of BDG followed by serial blood samples up to 8 hours after intake.ResultsThe standardised oral BDG challenge approach did not change the blood BDG levels over time in all participants. We found consistently elevated blood BDG levels in one participant with advanced liver cirrhosis and a single person with HIV with a low CD4 count of 201 cells/mm3 .ConclusionOur findings indicate that BDG blood levels were not influenced by plant origin BDG-rich nutrition in PWH, people with advanced liver cirrhosis, or healthy controls. Future studies are needed to analyse gut mycobiota populations in individuals with elevated blood BDG levels.

Published
2021

39. Markers of Gut Barrier Function and Microbial Translocation Associate with Lower Gut Microbial Diversity in People with HIV

Author

Ellis, Ronald J, Iudicello, Jennifer E, Heaton, Robert K, Isnard, Stéphane, Lin, John, Routy, Jean-Pierre, Gianella, Sara, Hoenigl, Martin, and Knight, Rob

Subjects
Microbiology, Biological Sciences, Clinical Research, Infectious Diseases, HIV/AIDS, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Infection, Adult, Anastomotic Leak, Bacteria, Bacterial Translocation, Biomarkers, Cohort Studies, Female, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Genetic Variation, HIV Infections, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Phylogeny, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Viral Load, HIV, gut microbial diversity, gut barrier dysfunction, microbial translocation, occludin
Abstract

People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PWH) have reduced gut barrier integrity ("leaky gut") that permits diffusion of microbial antigens (microbial translocation) such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into the circulation, stimulating inflammation. A potential source of this disturbance, in addition to gut lymphoid tissue CD4+ T-cell depletion, is the interaction between the gut barrier and gut microbes themselves. We evaluated the relationship of gut barrier integrity, as indexed by plasma occludin levels (higher levels corresponding to greater loss of occludin from the gut barrier), to gut microbial diversity. PWH and people without HIV (PWoH) participants were recruited from community sources and provided stool, and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing was used to characterize the gut microbiome. Microbial diversity was indexed by Faith's phylogenetic diversity (PD). Participants were 50 PWH and 52 PWoH individuals, mean ± SD age 45.6 ± 14.5 years, 28 (27.5%) women, 50 (49.0%) non-white race/ethnicity. PWH had higher gut microbial diversity (Faith's PD 14.2 ± 4.06 versus 11.7 ± 3.27; p = 0.0007), but occludin levels were not different (1.84 ± 0.311 versus 1.85 ± 0.274; p = 0.843). Lower gut microbial diversity was associated with higher plasma occludin levels in PWH (r = -0.251; p = 0.0111), but not in PWoH. A multivariable model demonstrated an interaction (p = 0.0459) such that the correlation between Faith's PD and plasma occludin held only for PWH (r = -0.434; p = 0.0017), but not for PWoH individuals (r = -0.0227; p = 0.873). The pattern was similar for Shannon alpha diversity. Antiretroviral treatment and viral suppression status were not associated with gut microbial diversity (ps > 0.10). Plasma occludin levels were not significantly related to age, sex or ethnicity, nor to current or nadir CD4 or plasma viral load. Higher occludin levels were associated with higher plasma sCD14 and LPS, both markers of microbial translocation. Together, the findings suggest that damage to the gut epithelial barrier is an important mediator of microbial translocation and inflammation in PWH, and that reduced gut microbiome diversity may have an important role.

Published
2021

41. Acute Disorders of Consciousness in Pediatric Severe Sepsis and Organ Failure: Secondary Analysis of the Multicenter Phenotyping Sepsis-Induced Multiple Organ Failure Study*

Author

Cheung, Christina, Kernan, Kate F., Berg, Robert A., Zuppa, Athena F., Notterman, Daniel A., Pollack, Murray M., Wessel, David, Meert, Kathleen L., Hall, Mark W., Newth, Christopher, Lin, John C., Doctor, Allan, Shanley, Tom, Cornell, Tim, Harrison, Rick E., Banks, Russell K., Reeder, Ron W., Holubkov, Richard, Carcillo, Joseph A., and Fink, Ericka L.

Published
2023
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44. Vaccine Effectiveness Against Prevalent Anal and Oral Human Papillomavirus Infection Among Men Who Have Sex With Men-United States, 2016-2018.

Author

Meites, Elissa, Winer, Rachel L, Newcomb, Michael E, Gorbach, Pamina M, Querec, Troy D, Rudd, Jessica, Collins, Tom, Lin, John, Moore, Janell, Remble, Thomas, Swanson, Fred, Franz, Justin, Bolan, Robert K, Golden, Matthew R, Mustanski, Brian, Crosby, Richard A, Unger, Elizabeth R, and Markowitz, Lauri E

Subjects
Humans, Papillomavirus Infections, Anus Diseases, Mouth Diseases, Treatment Outcome, Vaccination, Prevalence, Cross-Sectional Studies, Adolescent, Adult, United States, Female, Male, Papillomavirus Vaccines, Alphapapillomavirus, Young Adult, Self Report, Transgender Persons, Sexual and Gender Minorities, papillomavirus infections, papillomavirus vaccines, sexual and gender minorities, vaccination, HPV and/or Cervical Cancer Vaccines, Vaccine Related, Sexual and Gender Minorities (SGM/LGBT*), Clinical Research, Sexually Transmitted Infections, Infectious Diseases, Cost Effectiveness Research, HIV/AIDS, Digestive Diseases, Cancer, Prevention, Immunization, Prevention of disease and conditions, and promotion of well-being, 3.4 Vaccines, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Microbiology
Abstract

BackgroundIn the United States, human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination has been recommended for young adult men who have sex with men (MSM) since 2011.MethodsThe Vaccine Impact in Men study surveyed MSM and transgender women aged 18-26 years in 3 US cities during 2016-2018. Self-collected anal swab and oral rinse specimens were assessed for 37 types of HPV. We compared HPV prevalence among vaccinated and unvaccinated participants and determined adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsAmong 1767 participants, 704 (39.8%) self-reported receiving HPV vaccine. Median age at vaccination (18.7 years) was older than age at first sex (15.7 years). Quadrivalent vaccine-type HPV was detected in anal or oral specimens from 475 (26.9%) participants. Vaccine-type HPV prevalence was lower among vaccinated (22.9%) compared with unvaccinated (31.6%) participants; aPR for those who initiated vaccination at age ≤18 years was 0.41 (CI, 0.24-0.57) and at age >18 years was 0.82 (CI, 0.67-0.98). Vaccine effectiveness of at least 1 HPV vaccine dose at age ≤18 years or >18 years was 59% and 18%, respectively.ConclusionsFindings suggest real-world effectiveness of HPV vaccination among young adult MSM. This effect was stronger with younger age at vaccination.

Published
2020

45. Reactions of women underscreened for cervical cancer who received unsolicited human papillomavirus self-sampling kits

Author

Malone, Colin, Tiro, Jasmin A, Buist, Diana SM, Beatty, Tara, Lin, John, Kimbel, Kilian, Gao, Hongyuan, Thayer, Chris, Miglioretti, Diana L, and Winer, Rachel L

Subjects
Health Services and Systems, Health Sciences, Cervical Cancer, Cancer, Sexually Transmitted Infections, Clinical Research, Adult, Alphapapillomavirus, Attitude to Health, Early Detection of Cancer, Female, Health Promotion, Humans, Middle Aged, Papillomavirus Infections, Postal Service, Self-Testing, Specimen Handling, Surveys and Questionnaires, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms, Vaginal Smears, Human papillomavirus DNA tests, early detection of cancer, surveys and questionnaires, cervical cancer screening, embedded research, pragmatic randomized trial, Public Health and Health Services, Public Health, Public health
Abstract

ObjectivesTo evaluate experiences and reactions after receiving a mailed, unsolicited human papillomavirus self-sampling kit and identify psychosocial correlates of using kits.MethodsSurvey participants were underscreened women aged 30-64 who were mailed human papillomavirus kits as part of a pragmatic trial at Kaiser Permanente Washington, a United States integrated health care system. Six months after the mailing, we invited kit returners and non-returners to complete a web survey that measured psychosocial factors (e.g. cervical cancer/human papillomavirus knowledge, attitudes toward screening), experiences, and reactions to kits. We compared responses between kit returners and non-returners.ResultsComparing 116 kit returners (272 invited) and 119 non-returners (1083 invited), we found no clinically significant differences in psychosocial factors. Overall, survey respondents showed knowledge gaps in human papillomavirus natural history (82% did not know human papillomavirus infection can clear on its own) and interpreting human papillomavirus test results (37% did not know a human papillomavirus-negative result indicates low cancer risk). Kit returners found kits convenient and easy to use (>90%). The most common reason for non-return was low confidence in ability to correctly use a kit, although many non-returners (49%) indicated that they would consider future use. Women reported low trust in human papillomavirus testing to identify women at high risk for cervical cancer (52% in returners, 42% in non-returners).ConclusionsScreening programs could improve uptake and acceptability of human papillomavirus self-sampling through outreach materials that emphasize the high efficacy of human papillomavirus testing for cervical cancer screening and educate patients about how to interpret results.

Published
2020

48. Deep Multi-class Adversarial Specularity Removal

Author

Lin, John, Seddik, Mohamed El Amine, Tamaazousti, Mohamed, Tamaazousti, Youssef, and Bartoli, Adrien

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

We propose a novel learning approach, in the form of a fully-convolutional neural network (CNN), which automatically and consistently removes specular highlights from a single image by generating its diffuse component. To train the generative network, we define an adversarial loss on a discriminative network as in the GAN framework and combined it with a content loss. In contrast to existing GAN approaches, we implemented the discriminator to be a multi-class classifier instead of a binary one, to find more constraining features. This helps the network pinpoint the diffuse manifold by providing two more gradient terms. We also rendered a synthetic dataset designed to help the network generalize well. We show that our model performs well across various synthetic and real images and outperforms the state-of-the-art in consistency.

Published
2019

49. Generative Collaborative Networks for Single Image Super-Resolution

Author

Seddik, Mohamed El Amine, Tamaazousti, Mohamed, and Lin, John

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

A common issue of deep neural networks-based methods for the problem of Single Image Super-Resolution (SISR), is the recovery of finer texture details when super-resolving at large upscaling factors. This issue is particularly related to the choice of the objective loss function. In particular, recent works proposed the use of a VGG loss which consists in minimizing the error between the generated high resolution images and ground-truth in the feature space of a Convolutional Neural Network (VGG19), pre-trained on the very "large" ImageNet dataset. When considering the problem of super-resolving images with a distribution "far" from the ImageNet images distribution (\textit{e.g.,} satellite images), their proposed \textit{fixed} VGG loss is no longer relevant. In this paper, we present a general framework named \textit{Generative Collaborative Networks} (GCN), where the idea consists in optimizing the \textit{generator} (the mapping of interest) in the feature space of a \textit{features extractor} network. The two networks (generator and extractor) are \textit{collaborative} in the sense that the latter "helps" the former, by constructing discriminative and relevant features (not necessarily \textit{fixed} and possibly learned \textit{mutually} with the generator). We evaluate the GCN framework in the context of SISR, and we show that it results in a method that is adapted to super-resolution domains that are "far" from the ImageNet domain.

Published
2019

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