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The apoplastic barriers, composed of Casparian strip (CS) and suberin lamellae (SL), are integral to the regulation of water and plant nutrient uptake in plants, as well as their resilience to abiotic stresses. This study systematically examines the research developments and emerging trends in this field from 2003 to 2023, utilizing bibliometric tools such as Web of Science, CiteSpace, and VOSviewer to analyze a dataset of 642 publications. This paper reviews the cooperation of different countries, institutions, and scholars in apoplastic barriers research based on cooperative network analysis. In the field, China has the highest number of publications, the University of Bolton has the highest number of publications, and Niko Geldner is the author with the maximum number of publications. Notably, 27 publications were identified as highly cited, with their research primarily focusing on (1) genes, proteins, enzymes, and hormones regulating the formation of apoplastic barriers; (2) the influence of adversity stress on apoplastic barriers; (3) the chemical components of apoplastic barriers; (4) the evaluations of research progress on apoplastic barriers. Combined with the keyword co-occurrence network diagram, it is proposed that future research directions in this field should be as follows: (1) physiological functions of apoplastic barriers in plant root; (2) differences in the formation of apoplastic barriers with different root systems; (3) methods to promote apoplastic barriers formation; and (4) application of molecular biology techniques. The present study provides a further understanding of the trends in apoplastic barriers, and the data analyzed can be used as a guide for future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rhizosphere microorganisms are crucial for enhancing plant stress resistance. Current studies have shown that Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can facilitate vegetation recovery in heavy metal-contaminated soils through interactions with rhizosphere microbiota. However, the mechanisms by which AMF influences rhizosphere microbiota and plant growth under cadmium (Cd) stress remain unclear. In this study, Lolium perenne L. was inoculated with AMF (Rhizophagus irregularis) and grown in soils supplemented with Cd (0 mg kg−1, Cd0; 100 mg kg−1, Cd100). Plant biomass, antioxidant enzyme activities, peroxide content, Cd uptake, and rhizosphere bacterial community composition were evaluated. AMF inoculation reduced Cd influx in aboveground tissues, enhanced nutrient availability in the rhizosphere, and mitigated Cd biotoxicity. Additionally, AMF inoculation improved the scavenging efficiency of reactive oxygen species and alleviated oxidative stress in L. perenne, thereby mitigating biomass reduction. Moreover, AMF treatment increased leaf and root biomass by 342.94% and 41.31%, respectively. Furthermore, under the same Cd concentration, AMF inoculation increased bacterial diversity (as measured by the Shannon index) and reduced bacterial enrichment (as indicated by the ACE index). AMF promoted the enrichment of certain bacterial genera (e.g., Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria) in the Cd100 group. These findings suggest that AMF regulated the composition of the rhizosphere bacterial community and promoted the growth of potentially beneficial microorganisms, thereby enhancing the resistance of L. perenne to Cd stress. Cd contamination in soil severely limits plant growth and threatens ecosystem stability, highlighting the need to understand how AMF and rhizosphere microbes can enhance Cd tolerance in L. perenne. Therefore, inoculating plants with AMF is a promising strategy for enhancing their adaptability to Cd-contaminated soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lonicera caerulea L. is a nutrient-rich small berry that characteristically inhabits cold regions and is widely used in the food and health fields. However, the understanding of L. caerulea L. is limited, particularly concerning its nutritional characteristics and applications. This article summarizes existing research at home and abroad on the active ingredients as well as the health and food applications of L. caerulea L. The fruit is rich in active ingredients, specifically anthocyanins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, organic acids, terpenoids, amino acids, vitamins, and mineral elements and has health properties such as antioxidant, lipid-lowering, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-radiation, and thyroid protective activities. Furthermore, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside is the main active ingredient of the plant. The applications of L. caerulea L. in fruit juice, fruit wine, freeze-dried powder, yogurt, and other food are also summarized. Finally, the need for further studies is discussed. Suggestions are made for cultivation, planting, processing, physiological research, and other aspects, considering the needs of the market and application potential. The goal of this article is to provide a scientific basis for research on the functional mechanisms of L. caerulea L. and development of its food and functional products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary cause of hazy weather is PM2.5, and forecasting PM2.5 concentrations can aid in managing and preventing hazy weather. This paper proposes a novel spatiotemporal prediction model called SpatioTemporal-Informer (ST-Informer) in response to the shortcomings of spatiotemporal prediction models commonly used in studies for long-input series prediction. The ST-Informer model implements parallel computation of long correlations and adds an independent spatiotemporal embedding layer to the original Informer model. The spatiotemporal embedding layer captures the complex dynamic spatiotemporal correlations among the input information. In addition, the ProbSpare Self-Attention mechanism in this model can focus on extracting important contextual information of spatiotemporal data. The ST-Informer model uses weather and air pollutant concentration data from numerous stations as its input data. The outcomes of the trials indicate that (1) The ST-Informer model can sharply capture the peaks and sudden changes in PM2.5 concentrations. (2) Compared to the current models, the ST-Informer model shows better prediction performance while maintaining high-efficiency prediction (MAE≈7.50μg/m3,RMSE≈4.31μg/m3,R2≈0.88). (3) The ST-Informer model has universal applicability, and the model was applied to the concentration of other pollutants prediction with good results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Photosynthetic electron transport and apparatus are highly susceptible to abiotic stressors during photosynthesis. Hordeum jubatum L. is an ornamental grass with excellent salt tolerance, used for soil improvement and ecological restoration in Northeast China. However, the comparative effects of salt, alkali and drought conditions on the photosynthetic apparatus of H. jubatum under uniform water potential are little known. Aims: We explored the photosynthetic response of H. jubatum to uniform levels of water potential stress induced by three different stressors: salt, alkali and drought. Methods: Seedlings of H. jubatum were irrigated with three concentrations of NaCl, NaHCO3 and PEG-6000 to induce water potentials of −0.21, −0.47 and −0.82 MPa. Transient fluorescence of chlorophyll a in the seedlings was measured, and JIP-test parameters were obtained. Key results: Lower values of J–I phase fluorescence intensity and appearance of a K -band under stress treatments indicated restricted electron transfer from the oxygen-evolving complex in the donor of photosystem II. In addition, the values of Δ I -band and parameters M O and N increased, whereas those of S m, ϕ Eo and ψ O decreased, indicating interruption of electron flow between electron acceptors pheophytin and NADP+. Serious adverse effects of alkali stress on the acceptors were observed; the low water potential induced by NaHCO3 damaged the thylakoid membrane on the chloroplast, resulting in increased degradation of D1 protein. Conclusions: The results suggest that H. jubatum seedlings have greater tolerance to salt and drought stress, but are highly sensitive to alkali stress in the photosynthetic system. Implications: This study provides physiological information for the successful cultivation of H. jubatum under adverse environment conditions. We compared the photosynthetic performance in seedlings of the ornamental grass Hordeum jubatum under salt, alkali and drought conditions by measuring the transient fluorescence of chlorophyll a at uniform levels of low water potential. Results showed that all three stressors inhibited photosynthetic electron transport and apparatus of H. jubatum seedlings, with the most serious effects under alkali stress. These finding will be useful when deciding on cultivation of this grass in adverse environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]