Search

Additional file 2: Table S1. Comparison of the maternal and offspring’s characteristics between the included and excluded participants; Table S2. The maternal sleep midpoint-associated DMPs in cord blood in the SSBC sample; Table S3. The sex difference of the association between each maternal sleep parameter and each offspring’s adiposity indicator at 2 years old in total sample; Table S4. The sensitivity analysis of the association between each maternal sleep parameter and each offspring’s adiposity indicator at 2 years old in total sample. Table S5. The association between the maternal sleep parameters during late pregnancy and the offspring adiposity indicators at 2 years old in the total sample after multiple imputation; Table S6. The sex-specific association between each maternal sleep parameter and the offspring adiposity indicators at 2 years old in total sample after multiple imputation; Table S7 The sensitivity analysis of the association between each maternal sleep parameter and the offspring adiposity indicators at 2 years old in total sample after imputation. Figure S1. Flowchart of the participants.

Additional file 1: Table S1. The checklist from STROBE statement.

Improving the separation efficiency of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and the conductivity of electrons to photoanode substrates are critical to achieve high-performance photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. Here, a SnS2 /H-TiO2 /Ti heterojunction photoanode was fabricated with SnS2 nanosheets vertically grown on hydrogen-treated TiO2 (H-TiO2 ) nanotube arrays on a Ti substrate. It showed a significantly enhanced photocurrent of 4.0 mA cm-2 at 1.4 V (vs. reversible hydrogen electrode) under AM 1.5 G illumination, 70 times higher than that of SnS2 /TiO2 /Ti. Kelvin probe force microscopy measurements indicated that photogenerated electrons could be easily transported through the SnS2 /H-TiO2 interface but not through the SnS2 /TiO2 interface. Through hydrogen treatment, defects were created in H-TiO2 nanotubes to convert type I junctions to type II with SnS2 nanosheets. As a result, a high efficiency of electron-hole separation at the SnS2 /H-TiO2 interface and a high electron conductivity in H-TiO2 nanotubes were achieved and improved PEC performance. These findings show an effective route towards high-performance photoelectrodes for water splitting.

This paper deals with the trajectory tracking control of unmanned surface vessel (USV) with time-varying external environmental disturbances. The unknown disturbances are estimated by the observers, and a new tracking robust controller with disturbance observers is designed using nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode (NFTSM) technology. The controller can ensure fast convergence speed, avoid singularity and has strong robustness. Finally, a simulation experiment of 3-D USV trajectory tracking control with unknown disturbances is given. The results show that the control law is fast convergent and robust to external disturbances.

In order to develop high voltage and large capability vacuum circuit breaker, it is necessary to make sure that there is enough strong axial magnetic field even with long gap distance. In this paper, the magnetic field of those model at the long gap distance were calculated for the coil-type axial magnetic field electrode and the cup-type axial magnetic field electrode. the results show the axial magnetic field distribution on the midplane between the two electrodes. the effect of some electrode structure parameters and the relative position between the two electrodes on the axial magnetic field were studied. Based on the analysis of the results, a new electrode structure applied to high voltage vacuum interrupters was developed.