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The article presents a case of a 44-year-old male who was presented due to right cheek paresthesia and swelling for months to discuss huge trigeminal ancient schwannoma in both his mandible and parapharyngeal space. Based on incisional biopsy of the mandibular mass, he has chronic inflammation with increased spindle cell in focal area. He underwent en bloc excision of the right mandibular and right parapharyngeal mass and dissection of surrounding submandibular lymph nodes.

Abstract: In this study, the evolution of the recrystallization texture and microstructure was investigated after annealing of 50% and 90% cold-rolled FePd alloy at 530°C. The FePd alloy was produced by vacuum arc melting in an atmosphere of 97% Ar and 3% H2. The specimens were cold rolled to achieve 50% and 90% reduction in thickness. Electron backscatter diffraction measurements were performed on the rolling direction–normal direction section. With increased deformation from 50% to 90%, recrystallized texture transition occurs. For the 50% cold-rolled alloy, the preferred orientation is (0 1 0) [11 0 1], which is close to the cubic orientation after 400h of annealing. For the 90% cold-rolled alloy, the orientation changes to (0 5 4) [22–4 5] after 16h of annealing. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The crystallographic texture and microstructure of FePd alloy after cold-rolling deformation were investigated using electron backscatter diffraction. The major orientations of twin copper and copper after 50% thickness reduction were observed in face-centered cubic-disordered FePd alloy, whereas the main orientation was obtained from brass type after 90% cold rolling. Increase in cold rolling resulted in the change of preferred orientation from copper to brass. Decrease in orientation intensity of copper also increased that of Goss and brass. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background Serum homocysteine level is a biomarker of cardiovascular disease. Methods In this study, 399 primary and secondary burning mouth syndrome ( BMS) patients without or with hematinic deficiencies were treated with vitamin BC capsules plus none, one, or two deficient hematinics depending on the corresponding deficiency statuses of the patients. One hundred and seventy-seven patients showed complete remission of all oral symptoms after treatment. The blood homocysteine, vitamin B12, folic acid, iron, and hemoglobin concentrations at baseline and after treatment till all oral symptoms had disappeared in these 177 complete-response BMS patients were measured and compared by paired t-test. Results For BMS patients with concomitant deficiencies of vitamin B12 only ( n = 48), folic acid only ( n = 12), vitamin B12 plus folic acid ( n = 9), or vitamin B12 plus iron ( n = 15), supplementations with vitamin BC capsules plus corresponding deficient hematinics could significantly reduce the abnormally high serum homocysteine levels to normal levels after a mean treatment period of 5.4-8.2 months (all P-values < 0.01). For BMS patients without definite hematinic deficiencies ( n = 62), supplementation with vitamin BC capsules only could also significantly decrease the relatively higher homocysteine levels to significantly lower levels after a mean treatment period of 10.2 months ( P < 0.001). Conclusion Specific supplementations with vitamin BC capsules plus none or corresponding deficient vitamin B12 and/or folic acid can reduce the abnormally high serum homocysteine levels to normal levels in BMS patients without or with deficiencies of corresponding hematinics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Dentigerous cyst ( DC) is one of the most common developmental odontogenic cysts. This hospital-based retrospective study evaluated the clinical and histopathological features of 338 DCs in Taiwanese patients. Methods In this study, 338 consecutive cases of DCs were collected from January 1995 to December 2009. The demographic data and clinicopathological features of these DC cases were reviewed and analyzed. Results The 338 DCs were taken from 332 patients (212 men and 120 women, mean age 33.0 years, range 5-83 years). There was a significant difference in the mean age between male and female patients ( P < 0.05). Of the 338 DCs, 122 were found in the maxilla and 216 in the mandible. The most common site for DCs was the mandibular molar region (169 cases) and the most frequently involved tooth was the mandibular third molar (153 cases). Forty-six of the 338 DCs were found to be associated with supernumerary teeth. Microscopically, 317 cysts were lined by stratified squamous epithelium, 9 by mucoepidermoid-typed epithelium, and 12 by ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium. Hyaline bodies of Rushton, odontogenic epithelial rests, cholesterol clefts, foamy histiocytes, hemosiderin-laden macrophages, and dystrophic calcifications were discovered in 11, 78, 90, 33, 62 and 45 DCs, respectively. Conclusion Our results indicate that DCs of Taiwanese patients have a male predominance and occur more frequently in patients between 10 and 29 years of age. The most commonly affected site for DCs is the mandibular molar region and the most frequently involved tooth is the mandibular third molar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this work, textures measured by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and X-ray diffraction in rolled FePd alloys were compared. The effect of scanning size used for EBSD measurements was investigated. The correlation coefficient was first proposed to quantify the similarity of the orientation density profile along the α- and β-fibers after cold rolling. The correlation coefficient is approximately 1 for a scanning step range of 1–20μm after 50% and 88% reduction. A large scanning step can capture the main components of the macrotexture in EBSD measurements. Thus, the macrotexture measured by EBSD provides another method for the quality control of texture. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

J Oral Pathol Med (2012) 41: 500-504 Background: Atrophic glossitis (AG) is considered to be a marker of nutritional deficiency. In this study, we evaluated whether there was an intimate association of the deficiency of hemoglobin, iron, vitamin B12 or folic acid, high blood homocysteine level, and serum gastric parietal cell antibody (GPCA) positivity with AG. Methods: The blood hemoglobin, iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, and homocysteine concentrations and the serum GPCA level in 176 AG patients were measured and compared with the corresponding levels in 176 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. Results: We found that 39 (22.2%), 47 (26.7%), 13 (7.4%), and 3 (1.7%) AG patients had deficiencies of Hb (men < 13 g/dl, women < 12 g/dl), iron (<60 μg/dl), vitamin B12 (<200 pg/ml), and folic acid (<4 ng/ml), respectively. Moreover, 38 (21.6%) AG patients had abnormally high blood homocysteine level, and 47 (26.7%) AG patients had serum GPCA positivity. AG patients had a significantly higher frequency of Hb, iron, or vitamin B12 deficiency, of abnormally elevated blood homocysteine level, or of serum GPCA positivity than healthy control subjects (all P-values = 0.000). However, no significant difference in frequency of folic acid deficiency was found between AG patients and healthy control subjects. Conclusion: We conclude that there is a significant association of deficiency of hemoglobin, iron and vitamin B12, abnormally high blood homocysteine level, and serum GPCA positivity with AG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

J Oral Pathol Med (2010) 39: 624–630 Background: Oral verrucous hyperplasia (OVH) and oral erythroleukoplakia (OEL) are two oral precancerous lesions with relatively high malignant transformation potential. One of the best cancer prevention strategies is to use a conservative and effective treatment modality to eliminate oral precancers to stop their further malignant transformation. Our previous studies have shown that the topical 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy (topical ALA-PDT) using the 635-nm light-emitting diode (LED) light is very effective for OVH and OEL lesions. Methods: Because the laser machine is a more-popular light source than the LED device in PDT clinics, in this study 40 OVH and 40 OEL lesions were treated once a week with the same PDT protocol but using the 635-nm laser light to evaluate whether this laser light-mediated topical ALA-PDT was also effective for OVH and OEL lesions. Results: We found that all the 40 OVH lesions exhibited complete response (CR) after an average of 3.6 PDT treatments. Of the 40 OEL lesions, 38 showed CR after an average of 3.4 PDT treatments and two showed partial response (PR). Better PDT outcomes were significantly associated with OVH and OEL lesions with the smaller size, pink to red color, epithelial dysplasia, or thinner surface keratin layer. Conclusion: This study indicates that the laser light-mediated topical ALA-PDT is also very effective for OVH and OEL lesions. Therefore, we suggest that topical ALA-PDT using either the LED or laser light may serve as the first-line treatment of choice for OVH and OEL lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: FePd films were deposited on brass substrates through electrodeposition using an alkaline electrolyte, which were annealed at 500, 600, and 700°C for 1h to form the ordered γ1-FePd fct phase. After annealing, the γ1-FePd fct phase is observed at 500, 600 and 700°C. FePd films show the normal direction close to <101>, <111> and <421> directions after annealing 500, 600 and 700°C, respectively. After annealing 500, 600 and 700°C the average area grain size is 0.28μm, 0.37μm and 1.22μm, respectively. The maximum coercivity H c of 309Oe observed at 500°C can be explained with both effects of the <001> easy axis and the small grain size. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Currently used guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes are mainly used as a barrier to prevent epithelial cells growth into defects before new bone formation. The aim of this study was to develop a tri-layer functional chitosan (CS) membrane with epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) grafted on the outer layer for bactericidal activity, and lovastatin was included in the middle layer for controlled release. Successful EGCG grafting was demonstrated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and EGCG grafting significantly enhanced adhesion and proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts. The release duration of lovastatin reached 21 days. CS-Lovastatin 1 produced the highest alkaline phosphatase activity and EGCG 14 -CS exhibited the best bactericidal activity against periodontopathic bacteria. Finally, the EGCG 14 -CS-Lovastatin 1 membrane showed a higher percentage of bone regeneration than BioMend ® and control groups in one-walled defects of beagle dogs. These results suggest that the EGCG 14 -CS-Lovastatin 1 membrane has the potential to be used as a novel GTR membrane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Our previous study has shown that cryogun cryotherapy is a good and effective treatment modality for oral leukoplakia. Methods In this study, we used cryogun cryotherapy to treat 72 oral leukoplakia and adjacent smoking-induced melanosis ( OLM) lesions on the buccal mucosae. Results Of 72 OLM lesions, 14 had epithelial hyperplasia with parakeratosis, 24 had epithelial hyperplasia with hyperkeratosis, 26 had mild dysplasia, seven had moderate dysplasia, and one had severe dysplasia. Complete regression was achieved in all 72 OLM lesions after a mean of 3.3 ± 1.3 cryogun cryotherapy treatments. We found that OLM lesions in patients without smoking habit, with the greatest diameter < 2.8 cm, with epithelial dysplasia, or with a surface keratin thickness ≤ 50 μm needed significantly fewer mean number of cryogun cryotherapy treatment to achieve complete regression than those OLM lesions in patients with smoking habit, with the greatest diameter ≥ 2.8 cm, without epithelial dysplasia, or with a surface keratin thickness > 50 μm (all P-values < 0.001), respectively. Univariate logistic regression analyses showed that the greatest diameter, epithelial dysplasia, smoking habit, and surface keratin thickness were the factors influencing the cryogun cryotherapy treatment number (all P-values < 0.001). However, only the greatest diameter < 2.8 cm ( P < 0.001) was an independent factor influencing the number of cryogun cryotherapy treatment required to achieve complete regression of the OLM lesion by multivariate logistic regression analyses. Conclusion Cryogun cryotherapy is an effective treatment modality for OLM lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Our previous studies showed that topical 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) is very effective for oral verrucous hyperplasia (OVH) and relatively less effective for oral leukoplakia (OL) lesions. Nevertheless, there has been no report on the association of the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in OVH and OL biopsy tissues prior to PDT with PDT treatment outcomes. METHODS: This study used immunohistochemistry to evaluate whether the expression of Bak, Mcl-1, caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, p53, p21, or PCNA protein in biopsy specimens of OVH and OL lesions could be used to predict the clinical outcomes of 18 OVH and 40 OL lesions treated with topical ALA-PDT. The marker labeling score (LS) was defined as labeling index (positive cells/total cells) multiplied by staining intensity. The lesions after ALA-PDT treatment were divided into complete response (CR) group and partial or no response (PR/NR) group. RESULTS: The mean Bak LS and the mean Bak/Mcl-1 LS ratio were significantly higher in the CR group than in the PR/NR group. However, there was no significant difference in the Mcl-1, caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, p53, p21, or PCNA protein LS between the CR and PR/NR groups. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the Bak LS or Bak/Mcl-1 LS ratio may be a useful biomarker to predict the clinical outcomes of OVH and OL lesions treated with topical ALA-PDT. Pre-PDT epithelial cell levels of Mcl-1, caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, p53, p21, and PCNA may not have a significant influence on the clinical outcome of OVH and OL lesions treated with topical ALA-PDT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Our previous studies showed that topical 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy ( ALA- PDT) is very effective for oral verrucous hyperplasia ( OVH) and relatively less effective for oral leukoplakia ( OL) lesions. Nevertheless, there has been no report on the association of the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in OVH and OL biopsy tissues prior to PDT with PDT treatment outcomes. Methods This study used immunohistochemistry to evaluate whether the expression of Bak, Mcl-1, caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, p53, p21, or PCNA protein in biopsy specimens of OVH and OL lesions could be used to predict the clinical outcomes of 18 OVH and 40 OL lesions treated with topical ALA- PDT. The marker labeling score ( LS) was defined as labeling index (positive cells/total cells) multiplied by staining intensity. The lesions after ALA- PDT treatment were divided into complete response ( CR) group and partial or no response ( PR/ NR) group. Results The mean Bak LS and the mean Bak/ Mcl-1 LS ratio were significantly higher in the CR group than in the PR/ NR group. However, there was no significant difference in the Mcl-1, caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, p53, p21, or PCNA protein LS between the CR and PR/ NR groups. Conclusion We conclude that the Bak LS or Bak/ Mcl-1 LS ratio may be a useful biomarker to predict the clinical outcomes of OVH and OL lesions treated with topical ALA- PDT. Pre- PDT epithelial cell levels of Mcl-1, caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, p53, p21, and PCNA may not have a significant influence on the clinical outcome of OVH and OL lesions treated with topical ALA- PDT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Burning mouth syndrome ( BMS) is characterized by the presence of burning sensation of the oral mucosa in the absence of clinically apparent mucosal alterations. It occurs more commonly in middle-aged and elderly women and often affects the tongue tip and lateral borders, lips, and hard and soft palate. In addition to a burning sensation, the patients with BMS may also complain unremitting oral mucosal pain, dysgeusia, and xerostomia. BMS can be classified into two clinical forms: primary and secondary BMS. The primary BMS is essential or idiopathic, in which the organic local/systemic causes cannot be identified and a neuropathological cause is likely. The diagnosis of primary BMS depends mainly on exclusion of etiological factors. The secondary BMS is caused by local, systemic, and/or psychological factors; thus, its diagnosis depends on identification of the exact causative factor. When local, systemic or psychological factors are present, treatment or elimination of these factors usually results in a significant clinical improvement of BMS symptoms. Vitamin, zinc, or hormone replacement therapy has been found to be effective for reducing the oral burning or pain symptom in some BMS patients with deficiency of the corresponding factor. If patients still have the symptoms after the removal of potential causes, drug therapy should be instituted. Previous randomized controlled clinical trials found that drug therapy with capsaicin, alpha-lipoic acid, clonazepam, and antidepressants may provide relief of oral burning or pain symptom. In addition, psychotherapy and behavioral feedback may also help eliminate the BMS symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reprogramming of cellular energy metabolism, such as lipid metabolism, is a hallmark of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). However, whether protein expression related to fatty acid oxidation (FAO) affects survival in SCCHN remains unclear. We aimed to investigate FAO-related enzyme expression and determine its correlation with clinicopathological variables in SCCHN patients. Immunohistochemical analysis (IHC) of FAO-related protein expression, including carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family, and fatty acid synthase (FAS), was performed using tissue microarrays from 102 resected SCCHN tumors. Expressions were categorized according to IHC scores, and the statistical association with clinicopathological factors was determined. Moderate-to-high expression of long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCAD) had a protective role against cancer-related death (adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 0.2; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.05–0.87) after covariate adjustment. Age and clinical stage remained independent predictors of survival (adjusted HR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.22–2.49 for age; adjusted HR, 14.33; 95% CI, 1.89–108.60 for stage III/IV disease). Overexpression of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and FAS correlated with advanced tumor stage (T3/T4); however, none of these factors were independent predictors of survival. Several FAO-related enzymes were upregulated and LCAD overexpression had a protective effect on overall survival in advanced SCCHN patients. FAO-related-enzyme expression might have a prognostic impact on survival outcomes in SCCHN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]