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This study investigated the influence of requiring elementary students to participate in a detective role-playing game, within which students had to be for or against a controversial issue. Three intact sixth grade classes (N = 94) participated in this study. One class of students was asked to search for supporting evidence for one side of an online ethics dilemma and to create convincing arguments (pro), while another searched for opposing evidence (con). The third other class searched for both supporting and opposing evidence (balanced). A one-way multivariate analysis of covariance shows that the balanced role-play strategy had a notable positive impact on the students' ability to construct cogent arguments.

ABSTRACT Taiwan's resource recycling program was formally established in 1989, starting with the mandatory recycling of polyethylene terephthalate bottles. The number of mandatory regulated materials was extended to 8 categories [...]

This study investigated the influence of requiring elementary students to participate in a detective role-playing game, within which students had to be for or against a controversial issue. Three intact sixth grade classes ( N = 94) participated in this study. One class of students was asked to search for supporting evidence for one side of an online ethics dilemma and to create convincing arguments (pro), while another searched for opposing evidence (con). The third other class searched for both supporting and opposing evidence (balanced). A one-way multivariate analysis of covariance shows that the balanced role-play strategy had a notable positive impact on the students' ability to construct cogent arguments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kinetic Studies and Structure-Activity Relationships of Bispyridinium Oximes as Reactivators of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited by Organophosphorus Compounds. SU, C-T., WANG, P-H., LIU, R-F., SHIH, J-H., MA, C., LIN, C-H., LIU, C-Y., AND WU, M-T. (1986). . ,506–514. The kinetics of the reactivation of acetylcholinesterase inhibited by isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate was studied. The reactivators used include nine bispyridinium monooximes and three bispyridinium dioximes. The dissociation constant (). and the rate constant () of dephosphonylation of the complex formed from the organophosphorus acetylcholinesterase (OP-AChE) and the oxime were measured. The reactivation parameters obtained from the kinetic studies were used to elucidate the structure—activity relationships. The hydrophobic property of a nonoxime substituent at the 3-position on the pyridinium ring can exert a positive effect on their binding affinity to OP-AChE. However, the rate constants () of the nucleophiic displacement of OP-AChE by oximes depend negatively on these physical and structural factors of the oximes. The correlations of the antidotal efficacy (ED50) of these bispyridinium oximes have been analyzed with their pharmacological properties, e.g., reactivation potency, antimuscarinic activities, and antinicotinic activities. However, no satisfactory correlations were observed. It may be concluded that the detoxication mechanism of poisoning by isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate is different from those of pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate and paraoxon. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Increasingly sophisticated information technology (IT) has widened the gap (the so-called "digital divide") between those with effective access to IT resources and those without. Problems related to the digital divide exist in every country. In addition to level of familiarity with technology, the divide can also be influenced by factors of race, gender, age, education, economic status and area of residence. The digital divide may be ameliorated through technology innovations in terms of access to information, information application and information literacy. As IT is an increasingly significant component of modern healthcare, it may be expected that the "width" of the potential gap widens as IT applications increase in sophistication. Nursing professionals must keep abreast of advancing technologies in order to narrow the digital divide. To cope with this challenge, nursing professionals should enhance their understanding of new technologies beyond what is taught in formal education curricula. This knowledge enhancement may be attained through self learning or on-the-job training in nursing informatics. Content could cover hospital information system (IS) usage, security, applications and web access. This will improve the ability of nursing staff to face the current IT challenge.