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Background and Objective: The relationship between chronic daily headache (CDH), depression symptoms, and brain volume remains unclear. Methods: To investigate the effects of CDH on brain volume and the impact of depressive symptoms (DSs) as well as the effects of demography and medication overuse, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched using appropriate keyword strings to retrieve observational studies from inception to May 2023. Results: Two distinct comparisons were made in CDH patients: (1) those with DSs versus their pain‐free counterparts and (2) those without DSs versus pain‐free controls. The first comprised nine studies enrolling 225 CDH patients with DSs and 234 controls. Beck depression inventory, Hamilton depression scale, and Hospital anxiety/depression scale were used to assess DSs, revealing significantly more DSs in CDH patients with DSs compared to their controls (all p < 0.05). Besides, the second analysed four studies involving 117 CDH patients without DSs and 155 comparators. Compared to CDH patients without DSs, those with DSs had a smaller brain volume than controls (p = 0.03). Furthermore, CDH patients with DSs who did not overuse medications showed a smaller right cerebral cortical volume than overusers (p = 0.003). A significant inverse correlation between female prevalence and brain volume (p = 0.02) was revealed using regression analysis. Conclusions: Pain‐induced persistent depressive symptoms not only incur structural alterations but also encompass affective‐motivational changes, involving medication use and gender‐specific health concerns. Significance: This study highlighted the importance of an integrated CDH treatment, emphasizing psychological interventions for the affective‐motivational component alongside pain management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sunlight readability of display devices, such as notebook computers, transparent displays, vehicle displays, and augmented reality, is a significant technical challenge due to degraded image quality. To mitigate this problem, by fitting the human eye function, we propose a tone mapping method on a mobile phone display panel to enhance low grayscale image readability under bright ambient light. Additionally, we adapt a mini-LED backlight model to simulate real images under different ambient lighting conditions. Both experimental and simulated results indicate that high luminance displays with an optimized gamma value significantly enhance sunlight readability and image quality. Moreover, global color rendering can alleviate color shift. Such a method is also valid for the optimization of optical see-through devices under diverse environmental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a bidirectional gate driver circuit based on low‐temperature polycrystalline oxide thin‐film transistors for a low‐frame‐rate AMOLED display. Simulation results indicate the falling and rising times of the output waveform are all below 3.48 μs and 0.56 μs with the threshold voltage variations of TFTs, ensuring the stability of the proposed circuit. The output waveforms are also generated successfully for a frame rate of 1 Hz display panel and have no fluctuation in consecutive frames. Therefore, the proposed circuit is suitable for a low‐frame‐rate AMOLED display. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes a mini‐LED pixel circuit that employs the PWM driving method to decrease power consumption. To achieve uniform current, the circuit compensates for threshold voltage variations of TFTs and VDD I‐R drops. Simulation results show that power consumption is ameliorated over 10.53% more than the 6T1C circuit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tone mapping and mini‐LED backlight algorithms are applied to enhance the sunlight readability of LCDs by fitting the human eye's functionality and increasing image uniformity. Both experimental and simulation results indicate that high luminance displays with an optimized gamma value help to distinguish low grayscale contents under bright ambient conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents an AR HUD using micro LED technology for enhanced brightness and image quality. It utilizes micro LED's high brightness to merge AR images seamlessly with external views and employs Nature 3D technology to improve the HUD's 3D depth, significantly boosting vehicle safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains a devastating disease with high mortality, and there is a lack of effective strategies to improve functional outcomes. The primary injury of ICH is mechanical damage to brain tissue caused by the hematoma. Secondary injury, resulting from inflammation, red cell lysis, and thrombin production, presents a potential target for therapeutic intervention. Inflammation, crucial in secondary brain injury, involves both cellular and molecular components. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are vital regulators of cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. Their deregulation may lead to diseases, and modulating miRNA expression has shown therapeutic potential, especially in cancer. Recent studies have implicated miRNAs in the pathogenesis of stroke, affecting endothelial dysfunction, neurovascular integrity, edema, apoptosis, inflammation, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Preclinical and human studies support the use of miRNA-directed gene modulation as a therapeutic strategy for ICH. Our study focused on the effects of miR-195 in ICH models. Neurological tests, including the corner turn and grip tests, indicated that miR-195 treatment led to improvements in motor function impairments caused by ICH. Furthermore, miR-195-5p significantly reduced brain edema in the ipsilateral hemisphere and restored blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity, as shown by reduced Evans blue dye extravasation. These results suggest miR-195-5p's potential in attenuating ICH-induced apoptosis, possibly related to its influence on MMP-9 and MMP-2 expression, enzymes associated with secondary brain injury. The anti-apoptotic effects of miR-195-5p, demonstrated through TUNEL assays, further underscore its therapeutic promise in addressing the secondary brain injury and apoptosis associated with ICH. In conclusion, miR-195-5p demonstrates a significant neuroprotective effect against ICH-induced neural damage, brain edema, and BBB disruption, primarily through the downregulation of MMP-9 and MMP-2. Our findings indicate that miR-195-5p holds therapeutic potential in managing cerebral cell death following ICH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Testing is an important stage of teaching as it can assist teachers in auditing students' learning results. A good test is able to accurately reflect the capability of a learner. Nowadays, Computer-Assisted Testing (CAT) is greatly improving traditional testing, since computers can automatically and quickly compose a proper test sheet to meet user requirements. For example, the users can specify the number of test items to be selected in the test sheet, the average difficulty with respect to the test sheet can be restricted within a lower bound and an upper bound, and the generated test sheet is able to cover each basic concept in the scope of the testing subject. In order to design an algorithm for test sheet composing in a CAT system to meet the above objectives, we model it as a 0-1 integer optimization problem and then transform it to a dominating set selection problem of graph theory. A Multi-stage Test Sheet Composing Algorithm (MTSCA) is proposed to give a near optimal solution to this optimization problem. Due to the fact that exposure rate control is also an important issue in test sheet composing, our proposed MTSCA adopts a randomized rounding technique to reduce the average item exposure rate. The simulation results show that the performance of the MTSCA can not only achieve high average discrimination in the generated test sheet, but the item exposure rate can be properly controlled as well. (Contains 18 figures.)

Polyurethane (PU) is a versatile material that can be customized to meet specific commercial requirements in different industries because of its favorable mechanical properties. However, it is not resistant to high temperatures, and it requires structural modifications before it can be used in high‐temperature structural materials. In this study, isocyanates and anhydrides are copolymerized at high temperatures to obtain a solvent‐free oligomer, thus eliminating the risks associated with highly polar aprotic solvents. A casting technique is used to synthesize a solid poly(urethane‐imide) (PUI) elastomer. According to the results, casting PUI (CPUI) exhibits optimal physical properties at a hard segment content of 30.5%. Incorporating an ether, symmetric, or imide structure into CPUI may reduce its hysteresis and improve its thermal creep performance. Compared with PU, CPUI exhibits considerably higher creep aging resistance. In dynamic load application tests, CPUI wheels take a substantially longer time to reach failure compared with PU wheels. Overall, CPUI is an environmentally friendly material with high elasticity, low creep, and high heat aging resistance and is suitable for static and dynamic manufacturing applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]