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38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 403-405, Sandwich evaporation technique (SET) process is used to make the perovskite layer. First of all, CH3NH3I (MAI) is spin-coated. Next, PbI2 is thermally evaporated. Then, MAI is evaporated at low vacuum by the SET process. In the process of the double-interdiffusion of MAI and PbI2, we adjust the reaction conditions by different pressures in the SET chamber, which can form better morphology of perovskite layer.

37th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 685-686, MAPbIxCl3-x solar cell was fabricated by sandwich evaporate technique (SET), which can make crystallization and performance of perovskite as active layer better. Besides, combining the advantage of solution process and thermal evaporation, using SET process to form the MAPbIxCl3-x was beneficial for low-cost fabrication and mass production. With better performance of CH3NH3PbIxCl3-x perovskite film, our solar cells have PCE = 12.6 %. It was possible for chloride ion (Cl¬-) doping in the mass production.

37th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 657-658, In this research, we use one step solution process to fabricate MAPbI3 perovskite solar cells doped with 5% chloride ion Cl-, which can improve the crystallization of perovskite solar cells in the production process. The film grown by the MAPbI2.95Cl0.05 as an active layer exhibited great uniformity. The performance of the perovskite with one step solution process was enhanced. With better performance of CH3NH3PbI2.95Cl0.05 perovskite film, our solar cells have relatively high PCE = 15.23 %.

Parasitic chytrid fungi have emerged as a significant threat to amphibian species worldwide, necessitating the development of techniques to isolate these pathogens into sterile culture for research purposes. However, early methods of isolating chytrids from their hosts relied on killing amphibians. We modified a pre-existing protocol for isolating chytrids from infected animals to use toe clips and biopsies from toe webbing rather than euthanizing hosts, and distributed the protocol to interested researchers worldwide as part of the BiodivERsA project RACE; here called the RML protocol. In tandem, we developed a lethal procedure for isolating chytrids from tadpole mouthparts. Reviewing a database of use a decade after their inception, we find that these methods have been widely applied across at least 5 continents, 23 countries and in 62 amphibian species, and have been successfully used to isolate chytrids in remote field locations. Isolation of chytrids by the non-lethal RML protocol occured in 18% of attempts with 207 fungal isolates and three species of chytrid being recovered. Isolation of chytrids from tadpoles occured in 43% of attempts with 334 fungal isolates of one species (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) being recovered. Together, these methods have resulted in a significant reduction and refinement of our use of threatened amphibian species and have improved our ability to work with this important group of emerging fungal pathogens.

35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1510-1513, Solar power is used to significantly extend the flight time of the multi-copters. So far a flight time of over 3 hours has been achieved. In our field test of flight, the solar module used in the quadcopters is able to provide sufficient power without the battery. However, when the quadcopters flies, its attitudes change all the time, so the flight controller continuously adjusts the current to each motor, leading to the fast fluctuation of the current supplied by the solar module. Thus the voltage and the power also quickly vary. This could possibly damage the electronics for the quadcopters. It could be overcome with a back-up battery to bias the solar cells at a nearly fixed voltage. This back-up battery also has the function of providing emergency power when the sunlight is blocked by the clouds or strong wind suddenly blows. Our experiments show that 1000 mAh charge capacity could make the quadcopter fly for over 2 hours because the major power is provided by the sun. If only this 1000 mAh battery is used, the flight time is 7 minutes and 56 seconds. With the solar power, the flight time is extended to more than 15 times. With hours of flight time, the copters will enable the users to explore the frontiers that people have never gone before.