Search

Received: July 11th, 2022 ; Accepted: August 19th, 2022 ; Published: August 25th, 2022 ; Correspondence: cfurla@hotmail.com This study aimed to select populations of M. incognita race 3 for screening cotton genotypes as part of a breeding program for the development of resistant cotton cultivars. Five isolates of M. incognita race 3, collected in Western Paraná, Brazil, were tested for virulence and aggressiveness against the cotton cultivars FM966 (susceptible), IAC 24 (resistant), CD 409, and FMT 701 (moderately resistants) under greenhouse conditions, and following a factorial design with five replicates. Thirty-one cotton genotypes were screened against the three most aggressive isolates of M. incognita race 3 tested before and kept under greenhouse conditions following a factorial design with five replicates. Experiments run under greenhouse conditions had single cotton plants inoculated with 5,000 eggs/J2 of M. incognita and were assessed at 120 days after inoculation considering the variables gall index, egg mass index, total eggs, and reproduction factor. The same genotypes tested under greenhouse conditions were also grown in a field infested with M. incognita race 3 in a randomized block design with 10 replicates. In the field, the M. incognita population was monitored by the quantification of J2 forms in soil samples collected before sowing, 60 days after sowing (DAS), and 120 DAS. A gall index score was used to evaluate the roots of cotton genotypes at 120 DAS. The isolate from Umuarama was the most aggressive, followed by Moreira Sales and Iporã. The genotypes CD 05-419, CD 05-945, CD 05-1087, and CD 05-1170 showed resistance against M. incognita race 3 under greenhouse and field conditions.

Este trabajo objetiva compartir estudios realizados durante la investigación del Master junto al Programa de pos-graduación en Educación de la Unesp, campus de Marília, San Pablo, Brasil. El objetivo principal fue averiguar en las percepciones de profesores de la Educación Infantil de la red pública del condado de Medianeira, estado del Paraná, acerca de los descalces entre la formación inicial y continuada y su práctica efectivamente realizada. Se ha basado el problema de nuestra investigación en la pregunta: ¿Cuáles son las percepciones de los profesores de la red pública de la Educación Infantil de Medianeira, Paraná sobre su formación inicial y continuada? Los fundamentos teóricos utilizados en la revisión de literatura enfocaran especialmente los estudios de la Teoría Histórico-Cultural. También hacemos referencia a otros autores contemporáneos para que se sobresalte el valor de la formación del profesor con el trabajo con niños chicos y los impactos del aprendizaje debido a la formación recibida de sus prácticas de enseñanza. Como herramienta de la salida de datos, se utilizó una entrevista semiestructurada con ocho profesoras de niños y se hizo dos observaciones pedagógicas de cada profesora. De las respuestas que se obtuvieron durante la investigación, se entendió que los cursos de preparación de profesores todavía no se hacen entender los contenidos considerados esenciales para una práctica educativa de calidad. Nuestra defensa está guiada en la formación del profesor que privilegie los conocimientos de diversas áreas capaz de guiar prácticas pedagógicas enfocadas al desarrollo del niño. En esta perspectiva, el proceso de la formación de los profesores de la Educación Infantil comprende conocimientos esenciales a una educación más humana que, en la infancia, educa cuidando y cuida educando, respetando las necesidades individuales, sociales, históricas y culturales del niño. This work aims to share the performed studies in a Master´s degree research at the Pos Graduation Program in Education of Unesp, Campus Marilia, São Paulo. As the main objective of these studies, it was delimited to check the perceptions of the Infant Education teachers about the (des) compasses between their initial and continuous formation and their practice effectively performed. We based our investigation problem on the question: what are the perceptions of the Infant Education public school teachers of Medianeira, Paraná, about their initial and continuous formation? The theoretical fundamentals used during the literature review focused, especially at the studies on the Historical-Cultural Theory. We also bring other contemporary authors to highlight the teacher´s training value with the children work and the impacts of the learning arising from this formation for their pedagogical practices. As a tool of data production, we use the semi-structured interview with eight children teachers and made two pedagogical observations of each one. From the answers gotten from the researched teachers and the observed pedagogical situations during the investigation, we understand that the teacher´s training courses still do not attend the contents considered essentials for a quality education practice. We defend that the teacher´s training focused on the Infant Education must privilege knowledge from different areas that are capable to guide pedagogical actions turned to the full child development, searching for the effectiveness of their multiple possibilities and the learning capacity. In this perspective, the Infant Education teacher´s training process covers the constitution of the essential knowledge to a humanizing education that during childhood means to educate caring and to care educating, recognizing the individual needs and respecting the social, historical and cultural differences of each child.

Recent technological advancements and cost decreases on DNA-sequencing technologies allowed the completion of a reference sequence of the C. canephora genome. In due time, perhaps with some delay, in view of the economic and social importance of coffee worldwide as well as its perennial aspect (vis à vis annual crops), to provide the research power to face the challenges lying ahead, imposed by the real/potential climate changes impacts. Studies on a genome-wide scale are now being performed allowing researchers to narrow down some key molecular players that will certainly be applicable to fast and cost-effective molecular breeding programs. This work describes a Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) for drought tolerance and other important agronomic traits such as yield of a C. canephora conilon population, cultivated in Planaltina-DF (1175m altitude) at the experimental field of Embrapa Cerrados. Phenotyping started in 2012, evaluating characteristics such as vigor, secondary branching, leaf-rust susceptibility, precocity and fruit load. Furthermore, the yield of each plant was measured for three consecutive years (2012-2014) and the predawn-leaf water potential (am) of 400 plants was also evaluated under field conditions (drought season of 2012/2013). Genotyping was performed using the nextRAD technique provided by SNPSaurus (http://snpsaurus.com/), yielding 11.230 SNPs with a call rate above 80%. Population structure was determined using the admixture model of the software STRUCURE. Marker-trait associations (MTAs) studies were conducted employing mixed linear model (MLM) analysis with optimum compression and kinship matrix (TASSEL). Significant MTAs were found and will be presented. (Texte intégral)

Significant advances recently occurred in Coffea canephora research, such as the completion of its full genome sequencing. The information generated can be used in advanced molecular approaches for genetic improvement, like genome-wide selection programs (GWS). The purpose of this study was the phenotyping and genotyping of 403 C. canephora individuals cultivated at Cerrado climatic conditions characterized by a relatively high altitude(>1000m) and a long dry season. Phenotypic evaluations started in 2012 with the measurement of several agronomical traits such as vigor, secondary branching, leaf-rust susceptibility and precocity of fruit maturation. Production (evaluated in fruit liters) of each plant was also measured during two consecutive years (2012 and 2013), along with a detailed classification of fruits harvested in 2012 (bean size, weight, defects and sieve). In addition, predawn-leaf water potentials ([psi]pd) were evaluated during the dry season of 2013. Furthermore, genotyping by sequencing (GBS) of 403 plants was performed using the nextRAD methodology, while genetic analyzes were done through Cervus and Adegenet softwares. Results obtained allowed to conclude there is a great potential for cultivation of C. canephora selected clones under irrigated conditions at high altitudes. The phenotypic and genotypic diversities studied with our population also seems suitable for GWS studies in coffee.

Coffee is one of the major commodities in the world and an important source of income for producing countries. However, biotic and abiotic stresses are great limiting factors to coffee yield. In Brazil, root-knot nematodes cause considerable yield reduction and the use of resistant plants is the most promising method to control Meloidogyne spp. The aim of this work was to characterize the molecular mechanisms underlining the previously identified resistance to M. paranaensis in C. canephora 'Clone 14', by means of RNAseq experiments. Differential expression was tested using RNA extracted from roots of plants from clones 14 and 22 of C. canephora, previously identified as resistant and susceptible to M. paranaensis, respectively; and grown in sand before being inoculated with the nematodes. Root samples were collected at different time points post inoculation as well as roots from an uninfected plant (negative control). The RNA was treated with DNAse and subsequently, a portion of the sample was lyophilized for RNAseq experiments and another portion kept for validation by qPCR experiments. After sequencing and chromosome data analysis, it was observed that, genes related with resistance mechanisms were greatly expressed during the last phases of nematode infection in roots of clone 14. However, the expression of genes coding for proteins directly associated to the resistance process, such as the NBS-LRR Resistance Protein or the Disease Resistance Protein (RPP1), appeared mainly expressed during the first days after infection until the 20th. A set of candidate genes for resistance to M. paranaensis was selected and are currently under validation by qPCR experiments.

In recent years, significant advances have occurred in the development of genomic tools to help accelerating the genetic improvement of coffee, a perennial crop with high economic importance. The recent conclusion of the complete genome sequencing of Coffea canephora will serve as a reference sequence for use in advanced molecular genetics, applied directly to molecular breeding of this species, such as the establishment of genome-wide selection programs (GWS). In that direction, a population of 1300 C. canephora individuals maintained at the experimental field of Embrapa Cerrados is being currently phenotyped for different traits such as production, vigour, bean morphology and biochemical composition, as well as drought tolerance. A sample of 30 pools of genotypes, comprising the parentals of the population under study as well as representatives of the C. canephora diversity groups have been re-sequenced by Ilumina Hi-seq for SNPs mining. A genotyping platform for coffee is being established and will provide the required tools for association studies. Results of this ongoing study will be presented and discussed. Work supported by CAPES-COFECUB, Consórcio Pesquisa Café, INCT-CAFÉ (CNPq/FAPEMIG). (Texte intégral)

A wild strain of Metarhizium anisopliae, an entomopathogenic fungus, was submitted to three mutagenic agents: gamma radiation, ultraviolet light and nitrous acid. Survival curves were obtained and mutants were selected using different mutagenic doses which gave 1 to 5% survival. Morphological and auxotrophic mutants were isolated. Morphological mutants were grouped in a class with yellow conidia and other with pale vinaceous conidia as opposed to the green wild type conidia. Auxotrophic mutants had requirements for vitamin and aminoacid biosynthesis. More than 58% of the total auxotrophk mutants required proline/aipnine. Gamma radiation showed to be the most efficient mutagenic agent giving 0.2% of auxotrophk mutants followed by ultraviolet light (0.12%) and nitrous acid (0.06%).The conidial colour and auxotrophk mutants isolated until now from M. anisopliae were reviewed. Uma linhagem selvagem do fungo entomopatogênico Metarhizium anisopliae foi submetida à ação de três agentes mutagênicos: radiação gama, luz ultravioleta e ácido nitroso. Curvas de sobrevivência foram obtidas para cada mutagênicos utilizado e mutantes foram selecionados a partir de doses dos mutagênicos que proporcionassem de 1 a 5% de sobrevivência. Mutantes morfológicos para a coloração de conídios e mutantes auxotróficos foram isolados. Mutantes para coloração de conidios foram agrupados em duas classes, uma com conídios amarelos e outra com conídios vinho pálido. Os mutantes auxotróficos obtidos foram deficientes para aminoácidos e vitaminas e mais de 58% deles eram auxotróficos para prolina/argmina. Radiação gama foi o mutagênico mais eficiente com uma porcentagem de obtenção de mulantes auxotróficos de aproximadamente 0,2%, seguido pela luz ultravioleta (0.12%) e pelo ácido nitroso (0.06%).Os mulantes morfológicos e auxotróficos obtidos até o momento em Metarhizium anisopliae foram revistos.