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This study aimed to develop a cardiorespiratory-resolved 3D magnetic resonance imaging (5D MRI: x-y-z-cardiac-respiratory) approach based on 3D motion tracking for investigating the influence of respiration on cardiac ventricular function. A highly-accelerated 2.5-minute sparse MR protocol was developed for a continuous acquisition of cardiac images through multiple cardiac and respiratory cycles. The heart displacement along respiration was extracted using a 3D image deformation algorithm, and this information was used to cluster the acquired data into multiple respiratory phases. The proposed approach was tested in 15 healthy volunteers (7 females). Cardiac function parameters, including the end-systolic volume (ESV), end-diastolic volume (EDV), stroke volume (SV), and ejection fraction (EF), were measured for the left and right ventricle in both end-expiration and end-inspiration. Although with the proposed 5D cardiac MRI, there were no significant differences (p > 0.05, t-test) between end-expiration and end-inspiration measurements of the cardiac function in volunteers, incremental respiratory motion parameters that were derived from 3D motion tracking, such as the depth, expiration and inspiration distribution, correlated (p

Introduction Macrophages and neutrophils are recognized as important players in the innate responses against pathogens and (or) injuries as well as key regulators of tissue homeostasis. Neutrophil functions include participation [...], Macrophages play critical roles in inflammation and defense against pathogens, as well as in the return to tissue homeostasis. Macrophage subpopulations displaying antagonistic phenotypes are generally classified as proinflammatory M1, implicated in antipathogen and antitumoral activities, or as anti-inflammatory M2, associated with tissue repair. Granulocytic and monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells recruited from the bone marrow to tissues and phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils can attenuate macrophage microbicidal activity. Here, we showed that bone marrow neutrophils, but not thioglycollate-recruited neutrophils, directly suppress the responses of macrophages that were previously committed to an inflammatory phenotype. Cocultures of inflammatory macrophages with bone marrow CD11[b.sup.+]Ly6[G.sup.hi] granulocytes led to reduced release of IL-1[beta],TNF-[alpha], and IL-6 by macrophages after lipopolysaccharide stimulation. The suppressive activity was unrelated to granulocyte apoptosis or to secreted factors and required cell-to-cell contact. The suppressive effect was paralleled by reduction in the nuclear levels of the NF-[kappa]B p65 subunit, but not of the p50 subunit. Furthermore, bone marrow granulocytes decreased the phagocytic activity of macrophages and their capacity to kill intracellular Escherichia coli. Taken together, these results show that bone marrow granulocytes can function as suppressors of the proinflammatory activity and microbial-killing responses of macrophages. Keywords: neutrophil, macrophage, IL-1[beta], TNF, inflammation, suppression Les macrophages jouent des rôles essentiels dans l'inflammation et la défense contre les agents pathogènes, ainsi que dans le retour à l'homéostasie tissulaire. Les sous-populations de macrophages présentant des phénotypes antagonistes sont généralement classées comme pro-inflammatoires M1, impliquées dans les activités anti-pathogènes et antitumorales, ou comme antiinflammatoires M2, associées à la réparation des tissus. Les cellules myéloïdes suppressives granulocytaires et monocytaires, recrutées dans les tissus à partir de la moelle osseuse, et la phagocytose des neutrophiles apoptotiques peuvent atténuer l'activité microbicide des macrophages. Les auteurs montrent ici que les neutrophiles de la moelle osseuse, contrairement aux neutrophiles mobilisés par le thioglycolate, suppriment directement les réponses des macrophages qui étaient auparavant engagés dans un phénotype inflammatoire. La coculture de macrophages inflammatoires avec des granulocytes CD11[b.sup.+]Ly6[G.sup.hi] de la moelle osseuse a permis de réduire la libération d'IL-1[beta], de TNF-[alpha] et d'IL-6 par les macrophages après stimulation par le lipopolysaccharide. L'activité suppressive n'était pas liée à l'apoptose des granulocytes ni aux facteurs sécrétés, et elle nécessitait un contact cellule à cellule. L'effet suppressif était accompagné d'une réduction des niveaux nucléaires de la sous-unité p65 du NF-[kappa]B, mais pas de la sous-unité p50. En outre, les granulocytes de la moelle osseuse réduisaient l'activité phagocytaire des macrophages et leur capacité à tuer Escherichia coli intracellulaire. L'ensemble de ces résultats montre que les granulocytes de la moelle osseuse peuvent agir comme des suppresseurs de l'activité pro-inflammatoire et microbicide des macrophages. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Mots-clés: neutrophile, macrophage, IL-1[beta], TNF, inflammation, suppression

Using nature to address socio-environmental challenges has emerged as a promising alternative to improve human well-being. Therapeutic gardens are landscaped outdoor spaces in health institutions, squares, and schools developed to improve the well-being of their users. However, there are information gaps on how to implement them. This study aims to systematize information about therapeutic gardens and use it to develop recommendations for implementing these spaces. We conducted a systematic review, which included 27 studies that contained the words therapeutic gardens, design, and/or implementation. The results indicated that the topic does not have a constant number of publications. Most articles are case studies in Europe (n = 8) and published in journals about environmental and health issues (n = 25). Furthermore, most studies (n = 23) relate the implementation of therapeutic gardens to health institutions. A framework with seven stages of recommendations was developed to guide the implementation and monitoring of these gardens in different spaces. This study is expected to contribute to the development of therapeutic gardens with an interdisciplinary team, promote SDG 3 (good health and well-being), and, mainly, improve the well-being of users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci MED (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is highly harmful to solanaceous crops. The use of essential oils (EOs) is promising for the management of several insect pests, promoting both lethal and sublethal effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of sublethal concentrations of Pelargonium graveolens L'Her (Geraniaceae) EO on the feeding behavior of B. tabaci MED on tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L., Solanaceae). For this research, the electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique was used to monitor whitefly stylet activities on their host plants. Two sets of plants were previously sprayed with two concentrations of EO (the LC25 and LC50, which were determined in a mortality test), a third set was treated with the insecticide cyantraniliprole, and a fourth set received a control treatment. Our results indicate that the insecticide cyantraniliprole and the EO could both reduce the stylet feeding activity of B. tabaci MED, as well as reduce the number and duration of phloem sap ingestion events (waveform E2), which could avoid or reduce the transmission of viruses. Thus, the application of sublethal concentrations of P. graveolens EO, as well as exposure to cyantraniliprole, negatively affected the feeding behavior of B. tabaci MED. This information may contribute to the management of this pest and the reduction of the incidence of viruses in tomato production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy is a common side effect of vincristine treatment, which is accompanied by pain and can be dose-limiting. The molecular mechanisms that underlie vincristine-induced pain are not well understood. We have established an animal model to investigate pathophysiological mechanisms of vincristine-induced pain. Our previous studies have shown that the tetrodotoxin-sensitive voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.6 in medium-diameter dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons contributes to the maintenance of vincristine-induced allodynia. In this study, we investigated the effects of vincristine administration on excitability in small-diameter DRG neurons and whether the tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-R) Nav1.8 channels contribute to mechanical allodynia. Current-clamp recordings demonstrated that small DRG neurons become hyper-excitable following vincristine treatment, with both reduced current threshold and increased firing frequency. Using voltage-clamp recordings in small DRG neurons, we now show an increase in TTX-R current density and a −7.3 mV hyperpolarizing shift in the half-maximal potential (V1/2) of activation of Nav1.8 channels in vincristine-treated animals, which likely contributes to the hyperexcitability that we observed in these neurons. Notably, vincristine treatment did not enhance excitability of small DRG neurons from Nav1.8 knockout mice, and the development of mechanical allodynia was delayed but not abrogated in these mice. Together, our data suggest that sodium channel Nav1.8 in small DRG neurons contributes to the development of vincristine-induced mechanical allodynia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]