394 results on '"Limón"'
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2. Main Karstic Landscapes and Caves of Costa Rica
- Author
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Ulloa, Andrés, Vargas, Mariángela, Argüello, Alejandro, Álvarez, Yoselyn, Hidalgo, Andrea, Deleva, Stanimira, Migoń, Piotr, Series Editor, and Quesada-Román, Adolfo, editor
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Assessment of thrips species diversity and their impact on lemon orchards in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of Türkiye.
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YAYLA, Miraç, KAHYA, Doğancan, HAZIR, Adalet, and ATAKAN, Ekrem
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- *
SPECIES diversity , *ORCHARDS - Abstract
Thrips are polyphagous, and some species cause serious damage to citrus fruits worldwide including Türkiye. This study was conducted to determine thrips species on different lemon varieties in the Eastern Mediterranean Region in Türkiye. Surveys were conducted on lemon orchards in 2017, 2018 and 2019. Thrips species and damage on lemon varieties in the Eastern Mediterranean Region is not fully examined therefore this study helped to understand the biodiversity and damage of thrips species on lemon orchards in this region. Eight thrips species were determined. Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) was found to be the most common species on Kütdiken, Interdonate and Mayer lemon varieties in Adana and Hatay. Thrips hawaiiensis (Morgan) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) was detected as the most common thrips species in Mersin on Kütdiken and Interdonate. T. hawaiensis was first detected in Türkiye in 2015, and it has become the dominant species in lemon orchards in Mersin province. Moreover, the Shannon-Wiener values (H=0,99525, EH=0,478614), and the Simpson Biodiversity values (D=0,44972, Sd=0,5502) were calculated to determine thrips species diversity in the Eastern Mediterranean Region in this study. During the late flowering period, Thrips hawaiiensis had a higher population density in Kütdiken, Interdonate and Mayer varieties. This resulted severe damage to fruit. It is important to note that F. occidentalis does not cause any damage to lemon fruits. In this study, the distribution and biodiversity of thrips species based on lemon varieties were studied in Türkiye, with a focus on their distribution across provinces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. MAXIMIZING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF LIMON CROP UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF WATER MANAGEMENT AND DIFFERENT IRRIGATION SYSTEM IN BADR CITY.
- Author
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Shafeik, N. M., El-Bagoury, K. F., and Abdou, S. H.
- Subjects
WATER management ,IRRIGATION management ,SPRINKLER irrigation ,MICROIRRIGATION ,SPRINKLERS ,IRRIGATION ,CULTIVATED plants - Abstract
Copyright of Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
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5. Ozmotik Dehidrasyon ve Mikrodalga Kurutma ile Birlikte Limon Halkalarının Kurutma Koşullarının Optimizasyonu.
- Author
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YILDIZ, Zehra and REYHAN, Süleyman
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MICROWAVE drying , *LEMON - Abstract
In order to shorten the drying time and improve product quality characteristics, with together osmotic dehydration pretreatment and many drying techniques have been used, and the combination of microwave drying and osmotic drying is one of these methods. Drying by using microwave drying and osmotic dehydration process together helps to reduce the negative effects of microwave drying. In this study, microwave oven optimum drying conditions were determined by Response Surface Method after osmotic dehydration pre-drying apply of lemon rings. In the Response Surface Method, drying parameters were chosen as osmotic dehydration time, solution concentration, microwave drying time and microwave power. The responses to be optimized were determined as moisture loss, diametrical shrinkage rate and b color value change. For four factor and three levels, 29 experiments determined according to Box-Behnken design were conducted and the answers were received. Box-Benchken experimental design method with four factors and three levels, A osmotic dehydration drying time (60-180 min), B solution concentration (10-20% (w:v)) was applied in the range of drying time (2-6 min) in C microwave dryer and drying power (100-300 W) in D microwave dryer. The obtained data were analyzed by ANOVA and it was determined that the quadratic models were suitable with 0.9853 for moisture loss, 0.9861 for diametrical shrinkage ratio and 0.9770 for b color value change, which gave the highest R² values. It was observed that the effects of C, D, CD, A², C² and D² variables on the moisture loss, A, C, D, D² variables on diametrical shrinkage rate and A, C, D, A² variables on b color value change. Drying parameters were found to be optimum variable levels, osmotic dehydration time was 120 min, solution concentration was 15%, microwave drying time was 4 min and microwave drying power was 200 W. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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6. El ambiente tectónico del intrusivo Limón, Morona Santiago, Ecuador.
- Author
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ROMERO CÓNDOR, Christian W., CASTILLO JARA, Marilyn D. C., OÑATE ACURIO, Leyla L., CONDOY GUAIRACOCHA, Darwin P., VELIZ ZAMBRANO, María E., PAZMIÑO AGUIAR, Paola D., CARRANCO ANDINO, Fausto R., and GRAMAL AGUILAR, Ana B.
- Abstract
Copyright of Acta Geológica Lilloana is the property of Fundacion Miguel Lillo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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7. Aportes desde la planta física de una institución educativa para el diseño de políticas con respecto al calentamiento global.
- Author
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Rivera Rivas, Laura Talina, Contreras Rodríguez, Verónica Melisa, Gómez Cárdenas, Cesar Rafael, Contreras Montes, Irma Leticia, Gómez Cárdenas, Juan Francisco, Ocegueda López, Francisco Javier, Arvizu Narváez, Ana Carolina, and Plascencia Cuevas, Tania Nadiezdha
- Abstract
Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
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8. IMPACT OF SOME LOCALIZED IRRIGATION SYSTEMS ON LEMON FRUIT YIELD.
- Author
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Abdou, Salwa Hassan
- Subjects
MICROIRRIGATION ,FRUIT yield ,IRRIGATION ,SPRINKLER irrigation ,SPRINKLERS ,LEMON - Abstract
Copyright of Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
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9. Limón’s Costa Rica of Color, Species and Land: A First Vegan Ecofeminist Queer Ecological Reading of Rossi’s Limón Reggae and Lobo’s Calypso
- Author
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Adriana Jimenez
- Subjects
Vegan Queer Ecofeminism ,Comparative Literature ,Limón ,Rossi ,Lobo ,Language and Literature - Abstract
This essay applies a vegan ecofeminist queer ecological methodology to a comparative reading of two novels by Costa Rican authors, Limón Reggae (2007) by Anacristina Rossi, and Calypso (1996) by Tatiana Lobo. This approach focuses on the exercise of highlighting the nonhuman, which is urgent in a planetary context that demands that literary criticism explicitly address the numerous interconnections between literature and “nature”. In the novels, the province of Limón exuberantly exceeds the obsolete category of “setting” and becomes key in de-centering the human and queering the diverse and deep complexities of its varied biocultural ecosystems.
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- 2023
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10. Degradación térmica de ácido ascórbico en jugo de limón
- Author
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María Antonieta Riera, Yunet Gómez, and Rosa Alexandra Córdova-Mosquera
- Subjects
ácido ascórbico ,cinética ,degradación ,limón ,tratamiento térmico ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 - Abstract
El limón (Citrus aurantifolia), se destaca como una de las fuentes abundantes de ácido ascórbico (vitamina C). La disponibilidad de dicha vitamina puede ser reducida significativamente durante el procesamiento industrial del limón por acción de la temperatura, entre otras variables de interés. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar la degradación térmica del ácido ascórbico en el jugo de limón para las relaciones temperatura-tiempo 65ºC, 75ºC, 85°C y 95°C a los 5, 10, 15 y 20 min, usando el método de titulación yodométrica. El jugo tanto fresco como tratado térmicamente, se caracterizó en términos de pH y grados Brix. Se determinó que la concentración de ácido ascórbico en el jugo de Citrus aurantifolia se redujo cerca del 40% respecto a su concentración inicial, al exponerlo a 75ºC durante 20 min. Se constató que, en todos los casos evaluados, la degradación de la vitamina C sigue una cinética de orden. Los resultados de esta investigación pueden conducir a mejorar la estabilidad del ácido ascórbico en los derivados del limón. De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos en cuanto a concentración de ácido ascórbico, ºBrix y pH, se sugiere el uso de temperaturas de operación entre 65ºC y 75ºC con tiempos de cocción entre 15 y 20 min, de modo que se obtengan productos procesados derivados del limón donde se conserven las características de la fruta fresca y se potencie su comercialización.
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- 2022
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11. FORMULACIÓN DE UN CONCENTRADO DE COCTEL ANALCOHÓLICO DE LIMÓN CON MENTA.
- Author
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Alejandra Amador, Maria, García-Marín, Daniela, Pino, Jorge A., Polanco, Stephanie, and Aragüez, Yojhansel
- Subjects
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PRODUCT acceptance , *ESSENTIAL oils , *LEMON , *FOOD industry , *RESEARCH institutes - Abstract
The aim of this work was to develop a formulation of nonalcoholic cocktail concentrate of lemon with mint, of good acceptability, which allows its production on an industrial scale. The lemon concentrate produced by the Research Institute for the Food Industry was taken, which could serve as the basis for the preparation of the cocktail concentrate. With the application of affective tests based on the traditional seven-point hedonic scale and the ideal point scale, known in English as the just-about-right (JAR) scale, the optimal content of an ethanolic solution at 1% m/m in the lemon concentrate (0.8 g/100 g of lemon concentrate). The analysis of penalties, which combines the affective test with the JAR scale to identify the optimal intensity of each sensory attribute, indicates that the parameter that had the greatest weight in the acceptance of the product was the content of essential oil solution, compared to the notes of lemon and sweet. The cocktail concentrate produced with the optimized content of essential oil solution showed 48.2 °Brix, acidity of 0.96%, mold and yeast concentrate less than 102 CFU/mL and an acceptance of 6.3 on a scale of seven points, resulting in a high acceptability rate of 90%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
12. Evaluación antifúngica in vitro de quitosano con aceites esenciales de Citrus x aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle 'limón sutil' y Origanum vulgare L. 'orégano' contra Botrytis cinerea Pers. 'moho gris'
- Author
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Mario Ruiz and Juan Ramos
- Subjects
limón ,orégano ,aceite esencial ,quitosano ,botrytis ,tratamiento ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 ,Technology ,Industrial engineering. Management engineering ,T55.4-60.8 - Abstract
El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la eficacia de la aplicación de quitosano (QUI) y aceites esenciales de Citrus x aurantifolia (AECA) y Origanum vulgare (AEOV) para prevenir infecciones por Botrytis cinerea, causante del moho gris en tomates. Todas las concentraciones probadas in vitro de AEOV (10 µL/mL, 5 µL/ml, 2,5 µL/mL y 1,25 µL/mL) y QUI (4 mg/mL y 8 mg/mL) resultaron en un 100% ICM para B. cinerea. Por otro lado, AECA 20 µL/mL originó valores entre 40-47% ICM. Estos resultados sugieren que los tratamientos compuestos por QUI, AECA y AEOV pueden llegar a ser un tratamiento alternativo prometedor contra B. cinerea debido a su carácter natural, la actividad antimicrobiana mejorada y al no desarrollar resistencia en los patógenos.
- Published
- 2021
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13. Assessing the germinability of coastal Limonium minutum (Plumbaginaceae) under different temperature and salinity conditions: implications for its conservation
- Author
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Carles Cardona, Iván Cortés, Pere Mir, and Lorenzo Gil
- Subjects
Balearic Islands ,conservation ,germination ,Limon ,Plant ecology ,QK900-989 - Abstract
Background and aims – Limonium minutum is an endemic plant of the eastern Balearic Islands (Majorca and Minorca), where it grows in coastal rocky habitats. The effects of temperature and salinity on seed germination of Limonium minutum were evaluated in order to set a protocol for recovery of this species in this habitat.Material and methods – Experiments to determine the effect of temperature have been carried out at temperature conditions between 10 and 23°C. Tests to determine the effect of salinity have been evaluated at 18°C with concentrations of 0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mM of MgCl2, MgSO4, NaCl, and Na2SO4.Key results – Maximum germination took place between 16 and 20°C. Based on the salinity tests, the highest germination values were obtained with distilled water. The use of saline solutions resulted in significant decreases in the germination percentage. However, in almost all treatments, seed germination was observed. The T50 increased at low temperatures and with increasing salt concentration.Conclusion – Limonium minutum has a wide germination temperature range and a high resistance to salinity. After being exposed to different saline solutions, once washed with distilled water, the seeds recover their full germination capacity; therefore, the effect of salts is an osmotic and non-toxic effect for this species. Sowing seeds in late August ensures that the species has an optimal chance to survive in coastal habitats.
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- 2021
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14. Phoma tracheiphila’ya Karşı Bazı Fungisitlerin Etkinliğinin Araştırılması.
- Author
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KAYIM, Mukaddes, YEŞİL, Merve Sultan, and ENDES, Ali
- Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Agriculture & Nature / Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım & Doğa Dergisi is the property of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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15. Yaygın kullanılan bazı insektisitlerin Thrips hawaiiensis Morgan, 1913 (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)'in farklı biyolojik dönemlerine laboratuvar koşullarında etkileri.
- Author
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Pehlivan, Sekan and Atakan, Ekrem
- Abstract
Copyright of COMU Journal of Agriculture Faculty / ÇOMÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. FORMULACIÓN DE UN CONCENTRADO DE COCTEL ANALCOHÓLICO DE LIMÓN CON JENGIBRE.
- Author
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Aragüez-Fortes, Yojhansel, Almaguer-Romero, Yeny, Pino, Jorge A., and A. Amador-Valladares, María
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LEMON , *PEPPERMINT , *SWEETNESS (Taste) , *CONSUMERS , *ORANGES , *GINGER - Abstract
The objective of this work was to develop a formulation of a lemon with ginger mocktail concentrate, based on liking overall test combined with the just-about-right (JAR). This study associated the most significant attributes of mocktail concentrate formulations with different levels of ginger extract on a lemon concentrate to achieve high acceptance. The differences of the mocktail concentrates were related to the extract content (0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 g/100 g lemon concentrate). A group of 88 potential consumers participated in overall liking test with a seven-point hedonic scale and JAR test with a five-point scale for the attributes peppermint, orange and sweetness. Penalty analysis based on the JAR scale showed that ginger level was the sensory characteristic that affected the acceptability of the mocktail concentrate. Thus, it was determined that a ginger extract content of 1.22 g/100 g lemon concentrate was the ideal level for the product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
17. Impacto de la implementación del sistema de riego con energía solar en cultivos de limón.
- Author
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Granja, Agustín Valverde, Galván, Giovanni Andrés Vargas, Arboleda, Mauricio García, and Figueroa, John Edisson Díaz
- Subjects
- *
PHOTOVOLTAIC power systems , *IRRIGATION water , *MICROIRRIGATION , *SOLAR energy , *EVAPOTRANSPIRATION - Abstract
This paper presents the dimensioning of an irrigation system applied to a lemon crop. Making use of solar power, it satisfied the Potential Evapotranspiration (PET) values of 4.31 mm/day and Consumptive Use (CU) of 1.85 mm/ha/day, whose experimental matrix is composed by three furrows of 57 trees with a requirement of 64.91 liters/tree/day, using dripping irrigation systems with a water discharge of 4 liters/hour. The study demonstrates, at a very significant level, that humidity concentrates at a depth of 15 cm. which is influenced by the sandy physical characteristics of the soil. Thus, for the irrigation water requirement, it is dimensioned a solar system obtaining a setting of 10 panels in series and 2 others in parallel, for a total of 20 as a whole, a capacity inverter to power a 2HP pump and a house with an average consumption of 1.5 kWp. The global efficiency of the system was registered in the range of 10 and 14%, and the maximum output power of the photovoltaic system was reached between the 10:00 and 14:00 hours with an 84% of the total capacity installed (5.2 kWp). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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18. Re-envisioning Caribbean Costa Rica: Chinese-West Indian Interaction in Limón during the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries.
- Author
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Narváez, Benjamín N.
- Subjects
TWENTIETH century ,SOCIAL marginality ,CLASS differences ,SOCIAL groups ,PREJUDICES - Abstract
While West Indians constituted a much larger immigrant group in the port of Limón, Costa Rica and its environs, Chinese also migrated there during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In hopes of maintaining their culture and in response to the prejudice they faced, both groups formed their own tightknit transnational subcommunities. Nevertheless, they also interacted with each other. These interactions ranged from tension and conflict on the one hand, to routine, peaceful interaction and even collaboration on the other. In particular, class differences and the marginalization these groups experienced combined to produce this complex relationship. Tension and conflict often emerged due to both sides hoping to move up the social ladder and because of the economic power that many Chinese held as shopkeepers and lenders. Nevertheless, as groups experiencing social marginalization and living in proximity to each other, they could develop neutral or positive social and economic relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. MİDYE ÖRNEKLERİNDE VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS'A KARŞI KORUK, LİMON VE NAR SUYUNUN ANTİBAKTERİYEL ETKİSİ.
- Author
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Öztürk, Fatma
- Subjects
- *
POMEGRANATE juice , *FOOD safety , *VIBRIO parahaemolyticus , *LEMON juice , *POMEGRANATE , *MUSSELS , *SHELLFISH , *LEMON - Abstract
In this study, antibacterial effect of koruk (unriped grape), lemon and pomegranate juice against Vibrio parahaemolyticus was investigated. For this purpose, approximately 107 CFU/g V. parahaemolyticus were inoculated into mussel samples. Inoculated mussel samples were treated with koruk, lemon and pomegranate juice for 0, 30, 60 and 90 minutes and stored at 4 °C for 6 days. During the storage period, V. parahaemolyticus number, pH and titratable acidity value were determined and evaluated in terms of sensory parameters. As a result of the research, the highest antibacterial effect was detected in the koruk juice groups (P <0.05). On the 0th day of the experiment, the number of V. parahaemolyticus in the groups that were applied koruk, lemon and pomegranate juice were decreased by 2.22-2.64; 1.58-1.85, and 1.44-1.71 log CFU/g, respectively. This downward trend continued on other storage days. Sensory evaluation revealed that pomegranate juice negatively affected the color and appearance of mussel samples (P <0.05). As a result, it has been determined that acidic acidifiers used in home applications, especially the koruk juice has a high antibacterial effect, and can be used for food safety in seafood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Variability of Daily Precipitation on the Caribbean Coast of Costa Rica.
- Author
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Quesada Q., Marvin E. and Waylen, Peter
- Subjects
RAINFALL ,CLIMATOLOGY ,OSCILLATIONS ,MOUNTAINS - Abstract
Copyright of Revista de Climatología is the property of Revista de Climatologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
21. ¿La mariquita de siete puntos (Coccinella septempunctata) es efectiva en el control biológico de la mosca blanca (Trialeurodes vaporariorum)?
- Author
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Juan Alarcon, Franklin Yanqui, Sarita Moreno, Anderson Nuñez, Edward Arostegui, Marilyn Buendía, and E. Garay
- Subjects
limón ,Citrus lemon ,población ,controlador biológico ,presa-predador. ,Agriculture ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar la efectividad de la mariquita de siete puntos (Coccinella septempunctata) como agente de control biológico de la mosca blanca (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) en el cultivo de limón (Citrus lemon). Se utilizó un Diseño Completamente al Azar (DCA), un control (sin mariquita de siete puntos) y un tratamiento (con mariquita de siete puntos), con nueve repeticiones. Se determinó el número de mosca blanca consumido en los diferentes estadios larvarios (L1, L2, L3 y L4) y en la edad adulta de la mariquita de siete puntos. Siendo el estado larval L4, L3 y la etapa adulta los estados de mayor consumo de mosca blanca por día, con 229, 108 y 87 respectivamente. También, se determinó que cada mosca blanca adulta pone 360 huevos en promedio y en 6,06 días duplica su población. Los resultados mostraron que la mariquita de siete puntos (Coccinella septempunctata) es un controlador biológico efectivo de la mosca blanca (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) en el cultivo de limón (Citrus lemon), llegando a consumir 504,11 áfidos en promedio durante toda su vida y en 30 días aproximadamente reduce la población de mosca blanca a cantidades cercanas a cero.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Aportes desde la planta física de una institución educativa para el diseño de políticas con respecto al calentamiento global
- Author
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Rivas, Laura Talina Rivera, Rodríguez, Verónica Melisa Contreras, Cárdenas, Cesar Rafael Gómez, Montes, Irma Leticia Contreras, Cárdenas, Juan Francisco Gómez, López, Francisco Javier Ocegueda, Narváez, Ana Carolina Arvizu, and Cuevas, Tania Nadiezdha Plascencia
- Subjects
Emisiones de CO2 ,Calentamiento Global ,Limón ,Consumo Eléctrico ,Compensación de CO2 - Abstract
Con relación al problema del cambio climático, la humanidad enfrenta hoy un reto muy grande: alcanzar un equilibrio razonable entre emisiones de CO2 producidas por el consumo de energía, y la capacidad de secuestro de los sumideros de carbono del planeta. Este reto, también concierne a las instituciones educativas, las cuales, además de generar conocimiento, deben predicar con el ejemplo ante la sociedad. Sin embargo, las acciones desde el aspecto ambiental se han omitido o cuando mucho, se han quedado en letra muerta; ya que, en la planta física de las instituciones educativas es escasa la evidencia de acciones concretas que hablen de un verdadero compromiso de Responsabilidad social universitaria. El presente trabajo de investigación tiene la finalidad de evaluar la planta física de una institución de educación superior, respecto al problema del calentamiento global por medio del análisis de las emisiones de CO2 del consumo eléctrico y la consideración del potencial de secuestro de los árboles de limón, para aportar al diseño de políticas que contribuyan a la conformación de una planta física ambientalmente más responsable. Se determinó que, por cada 1 M2 de área útil, deben existir 0.9 M2 de áreas verdes forestadas con árboles de limón; de igual forma, debe existir una compensación mínima del CO2 emitido en la siguiente proporción: por cada 1 M2 de área útil, deben existir como mínimo, 0.13 M2 de áreas verdes reforestadas con limón.
- Published
- 2023
23. ¿La mariquita de siete puntos (Coccinella septempunctata) es efectiva en el control biológico de la mosca blanca (Trialeurodes vaporariorum)?
- Author
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Alarcon Camacho, Juan, Yanqui Díaz, Franklin, Moreno Llacza, Sarita Maruja, Nuñez Fernandez, Anderson, Arostegui León, Edward, Buendía Molina, Marilyn Aurora, and Garay, E.
- Subjects
- *
SEVEN-spotted ladybug , *GREENHOUSE whitefly , *LADYBUGS , *APHIDS , *LEMON , *ALEYRODIDAE , *BIOLOGICAL control of agricultural pests - Abstract
The objective of the research was to evaluate the effectiveness of the seven-spot ladybug (Coccinella septempunctata) as an agent biological control of the whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) in the cultivation of lemon (Citrus lemon). We used a Completely Random Design (DCA), a control (without seven-spotted ladybug) and a treatment (with seven-spotted ladybug), with nine repetitions. The number of whitefly consumed in the different larval stages (L1, L2, L3 and L4) and in the adult age of the seven-spot ladybug was determined. Being the larval stage L4, L3 and the adult stage the states of highest consumption of whitefly per day with 229, 108 and 87 respectively. Also, it was determined that each adult whitefly puts 360 eggs on average and in 6,06 days doubles its population. The results showed that the seven-spot ladybug (Coccinella septempunctata) is an effective biological controller of the whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) in the cultivation of lemon (Citrus lemon). It feeds on 504,11 aphids on average throughout their life and in 30 days approximately reduces the whitefly population to near zero amounts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Variations in the Composition, Antibacterial and Haemolytic Activities of Peel Essential Oils from Unripe and Ripened Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck Fruit.
- Author
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Mehmood, Tahir, Afzal, Anum, Anwar, Farooq, Iqbal, Mudassir, Afzal, Muhammad, and Qadir, Rahman
- Subjects
- *
ESSENTIAL oils , *LEMON , *FRUIT skins , *FRUIT ripening , *FRUIT , *SALMONELLA typhimurium - Abstract
This research work was carried out to assess the variations in the chemical composition, yield, antibacterial and haemolytic activities of hydro-distilled peel essential oils from unripe and ripened limon [Citrus limon(L.) Osbeck] fruit. The extracted essential oil yield from unripe fruit peel (1.79 %) is slightly lower as compared to the ripened fruit peel oil (1.81 %). By GC/MS analysis, 14 compounds were identified in unripe while 11 components in ripened lemon peel essential oil (LPEO). The major components identified in unripe lemon peel essential oil were caryophyllene oxide (16.791 %) followed by 3-cyclohexene-1-methanol (11.463 %), 2-isoprpenyl-5-metyhlhex-4-enal (10.174 %), limonene (9.649 %) and β-citral (8.323 %) whereas ripened LPEO contained α-Terpineol as major compound (38.497 %) followed by 2,6-octadienal-3,7-dimethyl (9.981 %) and limonene (9.195 %). Both the isolated lemon peel essential oils (LPEOs) exhibited considerable antibacterial activity against E. coli, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus with no cytotoxic effects. Overall, a significant variation in the yield, volatiles composition and biological activities of LPEOs were observed that can be linked to lemon fruit ripening stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Endüstriyel dondurma işlemine tabi tutulan turunçgillerde biyoaktif bileşenlerin biyoerişilebilirliğinde oluşan değişimlerin incelenmesi
- Author
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Özdemirli, Nurdan, Beştepe, Senem Kamiloğlu, and Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü/Gıda Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı.
- Subjects
Polyphenol ,Portakal ,Greyfurt ,Mandarin ,Lemon ,İn vitro sindirim ,In vitro digestion ,Limon ,Mandalina ,Bioaccessibility ,Orange ,Antioksidan ,Polifenol ,Grapefruit ,Biyoerişilebilirlik ,Antioxidant - Abstract
Bu çalışmada (a) endüstriyel dondurma işleminin portakal (Citrus sinensis L.), limon (Citrus limon L.), mandalina (Citrus reticulata L.) ve greyfurt (Citrus paradisi L.) numunelerinde bulunan polifenol ve antioksidan kapasite içeriğine ve biyoerişilebilirliğine olan etkisinin belirlenmesi, (b) işleme sonucu atık olarak ayrılan yan ürünlerden polifenollerin izole edilerek biyoerişilebilirliklerinin belirlenmesi ve atıkların biyoaktif bileşen kaynağı olarak değerlendirilme potansiyellerinin araştırılması, (c) test edilen ürünlerdeki polifenol ve antioksidan miktarının tespiti için kesin ve amaca uygun analitik yöntemlerin optimize edilmesi, (d) turunçgillerin sağlık açısından önemli biyoaktif bileşen içeriklerinin belirlenerek ekonomik değeri yüksek bu tarım ürünlerinin desteklenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı; in vitro gastrointestinal sindirim modeli kullanarak endüstriyel bir gıda işleme fabrikasından turunçgillerin dondurulma işlemi sırasında çeşitli üretim basamaklarından alınan numunelerdeki polifenollerin biyoerişilebilirliğini spektrofotometrik ve kromatografik yöntemlerle değerlendirmektir. Standartlandırılmış in vitro gastrointestinal sindirim modeline tabi tutulan numunelerin toplam fenolik ve flavonoid madde içerikleri ve toplam antioksidan kapasiteleri spektrofotometrik yöntemlerle belirlenmiş olup, bireysel polifenolik bileşen miktarları HPLC-PDA kullanarak kantifiye edilmiştir. Dondurma işlemi ile toplam fenolik madde ve toplam flavonoid madde içeriklerinde genellikle artışlar meydana gelmiştir. İncelenen turunçgillerin çoğunda baskın flavanon glikozitler hesperidin, narirutin ve naringin olarak tespit edilmiştir. Turunçgillerin kabuk kısmının fenolik ve flavonoid madde içerikleri genel olarak meyvenin iç kısmından daha yüksek olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bu da turunçgil kabuklarının biyoerişilebilir antioksidanlar açısından iyi bir materyal olabileceğini göstermektedir. Elde edilen sonuçların polifenol içeriği ve antioksidan özellikler açısından yüksek bir son ürün geliştirilmesi için endüstriyel üretime katkıda bulunacağı düşünülmektedir. This study was conducted (a) to determine the effects of industrial freezing on the bioaccessibility of polyphenols and antioxidant capacity of orange (Citrus sinensis L.), lemon (Citrus limon L.), mandarin (Citrus reticula L.) and grapefruit (Citrus paradisi L.) samples, (b) to isolate and determine the bioaccessibility polyphenols from byproducts discarded as waste during processing and to investigate the potential of wastes to be evaluated as a source of bioactive components, (c) to optimize precise and relevant analytical methods for the determination of the level of polyphenols and antioxidants in the tested products, and (d) to support the production of these agricultural products having high economic value by determining the health promoting bioactive compound contents of citrus fruits. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bioaccessibility of polyphenols in samples taken from various production steps during the industrial freezing process of citrus fruits using an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion model. Both spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods were used to determine the polyphenol contents. The predominant flavanone glycosides from the examined citrus fruits were determined as hesperidin, narirutin and naringin. With the freezing process, mostly increases occurred in total phenolic and total flavonoid contents. The phenolic and flavonoid contents of the peels were generally higher than the inner part of the fruits. This showed that citrus peels can be good sources in terms of bioaccessible antioxidants. The results obtained in this study will contribute to industrial production for the development of high-end products in terms of polyphenol content and antioxidant properties. Mevsim Gıda Sanayi Soğuk Depo Tic. A.Ş
- Published
- 2023
26. Uso de fungicidas en el manejo postcosecha de limón persa (Citrus Latifolia)
- Author
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María del Rosario Dávila Lezama, Néstor Manuel Lorenzo Flores, Teresita Ramírez Hernández, María Alva Ángel Lara, and Carlos Jesús Real Garrido
- Subjects
cítricos ,hongos ,limón ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 ,Agriculture - Abstract
Estudios realizados, han identificado que los hongos responsables que limitan la vida de anaquel de los cítricos son principalmente: Penicillium digitatum (55-80%); Penicillium italicum (2-30%); Alternaria citri y A. alternata (8-15%); Botrytis cinerea (8-20%): Colletotrichum gloesporioides (2.5-6%); Geotrichum candidum (2-3%); Rhizopus stolonifer y R. oryzae (1-3%); Phytophtora citrophtora (2%) (Salvador et al., 2007). El objetivo del experimento Evaluar la efectividad de dos fingicidas para el control de enfermedades provocadas por hongos en limón persa (Citrus latifolia) en postcosecha. El Proyecto se realizó en Cuajilote, Cuitláhuac, Ver. Trasladando las muestras al laboratorio general número 4 de la Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, región Orizaba-Córdoba, de la Universidad Veracruzana. Los tratamientos donde se aplicaron los fungicidas Bankit Gold® (Azoxystrobin + Fludioxonil) y Magnate Sulphate® (Imazalil) en limón persa (Citrus latifolia) en el proceso de postcosecha, no tuvieron presencia de patógenos que provocan daños en el fruto por lo cual los fungicidas cumplieron con su objetivo, sin embargo, el tratamiento 1 (testigo absoluto) tuvo presencia del patógeno Penicillium spp. en su evaluación a los 30 DDA, esto, basándonos en los resultados de los análisis microbiológicos de limón persa (Citrus latifolia), la contaminación por Penicillium spp. probablemente fue en el almacenamiento del limón persa (Citrus latifolia). Respecto a los resultados de las propiedades fisicoquímicas están dentro los parámetros de calidad.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Cianobacterias en un embalse subtropical de la provincia de Salta (Argentina)
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Andrea Vidaurre, Florencia S Alvarez Dalinger, Liliana B Moraña, and María M. Salusso
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Limón ,riesgo ambiental ,fitoplancton ,algas ,agua potabilización. ,Science ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
El embalse Limón se ha convertido en la principal fuente de agua potable para el 80% de la población del norte de la provincia de Salta (22° 05’47,90’’S-63° 44’ 19,48’’ W). Al presente, no existe información sistematizada de las algas del fitoplancton presentes en esta presa. Se analizaron 19 muestras del período 2013-2015 en ambas fases del ciclo hidrológico, según técnicas estandarizadas, con el objeto de evaluar la representatividad de cianobacterias potencialmente tóxicas en Limón y su importancia relativa en el fitoplancton. Existió un predominio de cianobacterias, con un incremento interanual significativo, siendo éstas más abundantes en los estiajes, con un promedio de 110.160 células en 2015, con predominio de Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii y Raphidiopsis mediterranea (75.027 y 170.000 células/ml). Entre las especies con potencial toxicogénico se destacaron por sus densidades Anabaenopsis elenkinii, Aphanizomenon gracile, Aphanocapsa annulata, Coelomoron tropicale, Chroococcus dispersus, C. raciborskii, Microcysis flos-aquae, Planktolyngbia limnetica, Pseudanabaena limnetica, R. mediterránea y R. curvata. La representatividad del grupo dentro del fitoplancton fue superior al 70 %. Se concluye que el cuerpo de agua es un ambiente de riesgo y debe ser monitoreado permanentemente para su empleo para agua de consumo humano.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Türkiye Limon Yetiştiriciliğinin Ziraat Coğrafyası Perspektifinde Analizi
- Author
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ŞAHİN, Güven
- Subjects
Limon ,Citrus limon L ,Turunçgiller ,Türkiye ,Ziraat Coğrafyası ,Coğrafi İşaretler ,Beşeri Bilimler, Ortak Disiplinler ,Humanities, Multidisciplinary - Abstract
Turunçgiller içerisinde yer alan meyveler gerek doğrudan tüketimleri gerekse işlenerek (Reçel, içecek, sos gibi) veya türlü yollarla diğer gıdalara katılması ya da gıda dışı kullanım alanları (Kozmetik ürünler, temizlik malzemeleri gibi) ile çok yönlü bir ürün grubunu oluşturmaktadır. Dünya genelinde 2020’de 887 milyon ton yaş meyve üretilmiş, bunun 158.490.986 tonunu yani % 17.8’ini turunçgiller oluşturmuştur. Üretilen turunçgiller içerisinde 75.4 milyon tonla portakal ilk sırada yer almakta olup 38.6 milyon tonla mandalina ikinci sırada, 21.3 milyon tonla limonlar ve limeler (Misket limonu) üçüncü sırada, 9.3 milyon tonla greyfurt dördüncü sırada yer almakta ve geri kalan 13.7 milyon tonu da diğer turunçgil çeşitleri oluşturmaktadır. Türkiye’de ise 2020 itibariyle 4.348.742 ton turunçgil üretimi gerçekleşmiş, bunun da % 27’lik kısmı yani 1.188.517 tonu limondur (FAO, 2022). Türkiye özellikle son 20 yılda limon üretiminde kayda değer bir gelişim ivmesi yakalamıştır. Bu sayede limon üretimi ciddi ölçüde arttığı gibi önemli bir limon ihracatçısı ülke konumuna gelinmiştir. Sonuç olarak da gerek üretimde gerekse uluslararası limon ticaretinde dünya genelinde ilk 10 ülke arasındaki yerini korumaktadır. Özellikle üstün vasıflı bir kısım limonlarıyla da yurtiçi ve yurtdışı pazarda Türk limonları aranır hale gelmiştir. Ayrıca coğrafi işaret uygulaması ve bunun etkin kullanımıyla bazı limon çeşitlerinin rekabet gücünün daha da artacağını söylemek mümkündür. Bu çalışmada genel olarak Türkiye’de limon üretiminin Ziraat Coğrafyası perspektifinde analizi yapıldıktan sonra artan üretim, buna bağlı yapılması gerekenler ve coğrafi işaret kapsamındaki limonlar ile Türk limonlarının rekabet gücünün artırılmasına yönelik tedbirler ele alınmıştır.
- Published
- 2022
29. Detección de daños por congelación en limones usando Espectroscopía de impedancia electroquímica
- Author
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Ochandio Fernández, Adrián
- Subjects
TECNOLOGIA ELECTRONICA ,Espectroscopía de impedancia electroquímica ,Lemon ,Máster Universitario en Sensores para Aplicaciones Industriales-Màster Universitari en Sensors per a Aplicacions Industrials ,Freeze damage detection ,Limón ,Detección ,Congelación ,Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy ,INGENIERIA QUIMICA - Abstract
[ES] El limón es el cítrico más sensible al frío. Por lo tanto, es de vital importancia detectar y evitar temperaturas que puedan dañar el fruto tanto cuando aún está en el árbol como en su posterior comercialización. Con el fin de identificar rápidamente el daño por heladas en esta fruta, se utilizó la técnica de espectroscopia de impedancia electroquímica (EIS). Este sistema consiste en un dispositivo generador de señales asociado con un ordenador personal (PC) para controlar el sistema y un electrodo de acero inoxidable de doble aguja. Pruebas con un conjunto de frutas tanto al natural como posteriormente congelado-descongelado nos permitió diferenciar el comportamiento del valor de la impedancia en función de si la muestra había sido previamente congelada o no mediante un único análisis de componentes principales (PCA) y un análisis discriminante de mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS-DA). Las redes neuronales artificiales (RNA) se utilizaron para generar un modelo de predicción capaz de identificar los frutos dañados tan solo 24 horas después de la se presentó el fenómeno del frío, con suficiente robustez y confiabilidad (CCR = 100%)., [EN] Lemon is the most sensitive citrus fruit to cold. Therefore, it is of capital importance to detect and avoid temperatures that could damage the fruit both when it is still in the tree and in its subsequent commercialization. In order to rapidly identify frost damage in this fruit, a system based on the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique (EIS) was used. This system consists of a signal generator device associated with a personal computer (PC) to control the system and a double-needle stainless steel electrode. Tests with a set of fruits both natural and subsequently frozen-thawed allowed us to differentiate the behavior of the impedance value depending on whether the sample had been previously frozen or not by means of a single principal components analysis (PCA) and a partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used to generate a prediction model able to identify the damaged fruits just 24 hours after the cold phenomenon occurred, with sufficient robustness and reliability (CCR = 100%).
- Published
- 2022
30. Yaygın kullanılan bazı insektisitlerin Thrips hawaiiensis Morgan, 1913 (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)’in farklı biyolojik dönemlerine laboratuvar koşullarında etkileri
- Author
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Serkan PEHLİVAN and Ekrem ATAKAN
- Subjects
Agricultural, Engineering ,Mühendislik, Ziraat ,General Medicine ,Hawai çiçek thripsi ,etkinlik ,insektisit ,limon ,Türkiye - Abstract
Türkiye’de ilk kez Mersin ilinde 2015 yılında limon ağaçlarında meyvelerde zararlı olarak saptanan Hawaii çiçek thripsi, Thrips hawaiiensis Morgan (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) kısa süre içerisinde Çukurova Bölgesi‘ne yayılmıştır. Limonlarda bu zararlının mücadelesinde yaygın bir şekilde insektisit kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmayla Türkiye’de bazı turunçgil zararlılarına ve farklı ürünlerde thripslere karşı kullanılan insektisitlerin biyolojik etkileri laboratuvar koşullarında araştırılmıştır. Thrips hawaiiensis’in hem ergin hem de 2. dönem larvalarına insektisitlerin etkileri daldırma metodu kullanılarak saptanmıştır. Bu amaçla tüm ilaçların önerilen dozlarına fasulye meyveleri daldırılmış ve kuruduktan sonra her tüpe ayrı ayrı 10’ar adet ergin dişi birey ve 2. dönem thrips larvaları aktarılmıştır. Denemeler 25°C sıcaklık, %60 nem ve 16:8 (A:K) koşullara sahip iklim kabinlerinde yürütülmüş ve 24 saat sonra ölüm oranları kaydedilmiştir. Denemeler sonucunda; emamectin benzoate %5 SG, spinetoram %25 WG ve spinosad 480 g/l SC etken maddeli insektisitler hem ergin hem de larvalarda % 100 etkili bulunmuştur. Sulfoxaflorun larvalara etkisi %66.47, Abamectin’in ise %20.83 olarak kaydedilmiştir. Diğer insektisitlerin hem ergin hem de larvalara etkileri %20’nin altında kalmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, T. hawaiiensis’in mücadelesinde kullanılan insektistlerin seçiminde ve sürdürülebilir thrips mücadele programları oluşturulmasında faydalı bilgiler sağlayabilir.
- Published
- 2022
31. Memet Baydur'un Limon Adlı Oyununun "Oyun İçinde Oyun" Tekniğinin İşlevi Bağlamında İncelenmesi.
- Author
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AKBULUT, Nazire and ÖZYÖN, Arzu
- Abstract
Copyright of Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Social Sciences / Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Afyon Kocatepe University (AKU) Sosyal Bilimler Enstitusu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Deshidratación Osmótica y Secado por Aire Caliente en Mango, Guayaba y Limón para la Obtención de Ingredientes Funcionales.
- Author
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Estrada, Hilda H., Restrepo, Claudia E., Saumett, Hernán G., and Pérez, Liliana
- Abstract
The main objective of this paper is to present and discuss the results of the application of the techniques of osmotic dehydration and hot air drying on mango, guava and lemon so as to give them an added value and to make the most out of these crops to obtain functional ingredients. These fruits came from small agricultural producers in the Department of Altantico, Colombia. The compounds of nutraceutical interest were determined: fiber, calcium and vitamin C. All of them were studied before and after the dehydration process. These two different products were obtained: of low humidity, such as lemon dehydrated peel zest, mango-lemon sheet, mango powder, and guava powder; and of intermediate humidity, dehydrated mango and guava. The hot airdrying process allowed to obtain a lemon dehydrated peel zest, mango powder, and guava powder. These last two products contained an important amount of dietary fiber and vitamin C. By contrast, there was a significant loss of vitamin C in the osmodehydrated products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Behaviour of saturated railway track foundation materials during undrained cyclic loading.
- Author
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Mamou, Anna, Priest, Jeffrey A., Clayton, Christopher R.I., and Powrie, William
- Subjects
CYCLIC loads ,CYCLIC fatigue ,SHEARING force ,CLAY ,AXIAL stresses - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Geotechnical Journal is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Efectos de los tratamientos post-cosecha con flujo de aire caliente sobre la calidad de limones ‘fino’
- Author
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Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Serna Escolano, Vicente, Dobón Suárez, Alicia, García Pastor, María Emma, Giménez Torres, María José, Badiche-El Hilali, Fátima, Zapata Coll, Pedro Javier, Valverde Veracruz, Juan Miguel, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Serna Escolano, Vicente, Dobón Suárez, Alicia, García Pastor, María Emma, Giménez Torres, María José, Badiche-El Hilali, Fátima, Zapata Coll, Pedro Javier, and Valverde Veracruz, Juan Miguel
- Abstract
Los productores de limón demandan herramientas que incrementen la vida útil de los frutos durante la comercialización. En este trabajo se ha estudiado el efecto de realizar una cuarentena de 24 h a 37 °C y a 42 °C, previo al almacenamiento a 10 ºC. Se han evaluado los principales parámetros de calidad del limón: pérdidas de peso (PP), firmeza y color. Además, se ha determinado la tasa de respiración (TR) y la incidencia de podredumbres. Los resultados mostraron un descenso en las PP y la incidencia de podredumbres, mientras que la firmeza y el color no presentaron diferencias entre los frutos expuestos a 37 °C y los frutos sin tratar. A 42 °C la calidad del fruto disminuyó drásticamente. Por lo tanto, el uso de cuarentenas a 37 °C durante 24 horas podrían ser consideradas como herramientas efectivas para mantener la calidad del limón durante el almacenamiento a 10 ºC.
- Published
- 2022
35. Marginalidad y vulnerabilidad en Limón ante el riesgo de inundación. Un estudio del Proyecto de Limón Ciudad Puerto
- Author
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Sofía Guevara Víquez
- Subjects
Limón Ciudad Puerto ,vulnerabilidad ,riesgo de inundación ,marginalidad ,Limón ,Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ,History America ,E-F - Abstract
El artículo analiza las relaciones entre los territorios catalogados como vulnerables y marginales en la ciudad de Limón y las instituciones públicas en Costa Rica, en el marco del Proyecto de Limón ciudad Puerto (PLCP). A partir de un trabajo de campo cualitativo, se analizan los espacios abiertos por este proyecto para reducir las inundaciones en dicha ciudad. Se plantea de esta manera la influencia de las prácticas institucionales en la reproducción de la vulnerabilidad de la población de los barrios periféricos de la ciudad Limón. El artículo propone así una reflexión global sobre la manera de lidiar con la problemática del riesgo en las ciudades.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. A new vanilla species from Costa Rica closely related to V. planifolia (Orchidaceae)
- Author
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José B. Azofeifa-Bolaños, L. Rodolphe Gigant, Mayra Nicolás-García, Marc Pignal, Fabiola B. Tavares-González, Eric Hágsater, Gerardo A. Salazar-Chávez, Delfino Reyes-López, Fredy L. Archila-Morales, José A. García-García, Denis da Silva, Agathe Allibert, Frank Solano-Campos, Guadalupe del Carmen Rodríguez-Jimenes, Amelia Paniagua-Vásquez, Pascale Besse, Araceli Pérez-Silva, and Michel Grisoni
- Subjects
barcoding ,Costa Rica ,Limón ,radiation ,Vanilla planifolia ,V. sotoarenasii ,Zoology ,QL1-991 ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
We describe a new vanilla species growing in sympatry with Vanilla planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews (Orchidaceae) in the province of Limón, Caribbean coast of Costa Rica. The morphology of the reproductive and vegetative organs observed on vines cultivated under shade-house, the nuclear (Internal Transcribed Spacer) and plastid (matK) nucleotide sequences, as well as the contents of aromatic compounds measured in ripe fruits, show that this species is close to but distinct from V. planifolia. The name V. sotoarenasii M.Pignal, Azofeifa-Bolaños & Grisoni sp. nov. is proposed for this new Vanilla species endemic in Costa Rica. It is especially distinguished from V. planifolia by a reduction of about 30% of the size of the fruits and flowers, by a divergence of ITS sequences for at least two species-conserved nucleotides compared to seven other species of the V. planifolia group, and by the presence of anisic compounds and low content of phenolic compounds (including vanillin) in the fruits. These results confirmed the extension of the area of distribution of V. planifolia southward to Costa Rica, where a recent speciation process occurred. Because of its particular agronomic and aromatic properties, V. sotoarenasii sp. nov. could represent a valuable biological resource for the vanilla industry.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Impact of the Implementation of a Solar Energy Irrigation System on Lemon Crops
- Author
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Valverde Granja, Agustín, Vargas Galván, Giovanni Andrés, García Arboleda, Mauricio, and Díaz Figueroa, John Edisson
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limão ,lemon ,eficiência global ,solar power ,evapotranspiration ,evapotranspiração ,global efficiency ,sistema de irrigação ,energía solar ,irrigation system ,sistema de riego ,limón ,evapotranspiración ,energia solar ,eficiencia global - Abstract
RESUMEN Se presenta el dimensionamiento de un sistema de riego aplicado a un cultivo de limón, haciendo uso de la energía solar. Dicho riego cumplió con valores de evapotranspiración potencial (ETP) de 4,31 mm/día y Uso Consuntivo (UC) de 1,85 mm/ha/día, cuya matriz experimental se encuentra compuesta por tres surcos de 57 árboles con requerimiento de 64,91 litros/árbol/día, utilizando goteros de una descarga de 4 litros/hora. El estudio demuestra en un nivel altamente significativo que la humedad se concentra en una profundidad de 15 cm, influenciado por las características físicas arenosas del suelo. Para el requerimiento del agua de riego, se dimensiona un sistema solar, obteniendo un arreglo de diez paneles en serie y dos en paralelo para un total de veinte en conjunto, un inversor de una capacidad de 5,0 kWp, para alimentar una bomba de 2 HP y una vivienda, con consumo promedio de 1,5 kWp, conectado a una red de baja tensión de 220V. La eficiencia global del sistema se registró en el rango de 10 y 14 % y la potencia máxima de salida del sistema fotovoltaico se alcanzó entre las 10 y las 14 horas con un 84 % de la capacidad total instalada (5,2 kWp). ABSTRACT This paper presents the dimensioning of an irrigation system applied to a lemon crop. Making use of solar power, it satisfied the Potential Evapotranspiration (PET) values of 4.31 mm/day and Consumptive Use (CU) of 1.85 mm/ha/day, whose experimental matrix is composed by three furrows of 57 trees with a requirement of 64.91 liters/tree/day, using dripping irrigation systems with a water discharge of 4 liters/hour. The study demonstrates, at a very significant level, that humidity concentrates at a depth of 15 cm. which is influenced by the sandy physical characteristics of the soil. Thus, for the irrigation water requirement, it is dimensioned a solar system obtaining a setting of 10 panels in series and 2 others in parallel, for a total of 20 as a whole, a capacity inverter to power a 2HP pump and a house with an average consumption of 1.5 kWp. The global efficiency of the system was registered in the range of 10 and 14%, and the maximum output power of the photovoltaic system was reached between the 10:00 and 14:00 hours with an 84% of the total capacity installed (5.2 kWp). RESUMO É apresentado o dimensionamento de um sistema de irrigação aplicado a uma cultura de limão, utilizando energia solar. Este sistema de irrigação obedeceu a valores de evapotranspiração potencial (ETP) de 4,31 mm/dia e Utilização Consuntiva (UC) de 1,85 mm/ha/dia, cuja matriz experimental é composta por três filas de 57 árvores com um requisito de 64,91 litros/árvore/dia, utilizando gotejadores de uma descarga de 4 litros/hora. O estudo mostra a um nível altamente significativo que a humidade está concentrada a uma profundidade de 15 cm, influenciada pelas características físicas arenosas do solo. Para as necessidades de água de rega, dimensiona-se um sistema solar, obtendo-se uma disposição de dez painéis em série e dois em paralelo para um total de vinte juntos, um inversor com uma capacidade de 5,0 kWp, para alimentar uma bomba de 2 HP e uma casa, com consumo médio de 1,5 kWp, ligada a uma rede de baixa tensão de 220V. A eficiência global do sistema foi registada na gama de 10 e 14% e a potência máxima do sistema fotovoltaico foi atingida entre 10 e 14 horas com 84% da capacidade total instalada (5,2 kWp).
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- 2022
38. Mersin (Türkiye)’de limon, Citrus limon (L.) (Rutales: Rutaceae) bahçesinde farklı insektisitlerin ve avcı böcek Orius laevigatus (Fieber, 1860) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) salımının Thrips hawaiiensis (Morgan,1913) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)’e karşı etkinliği
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HAZİR, Adalet, YAYLA, Miraç, KAHYA, Doğancan, and ATAKAN, Ekrem
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Fen ,Biyolojik mücadele ,insektisit ,limon ,Thrips hawaiiensis ,Science ,Biological control ,insecticide ,lemon - Abstract
The important invasive thrips species Hawaiian flower thrips, Thrips hawaiiensis (Morgan, 1913) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) was first reported in Türkiye in 2015. Since then, it has been causing damage in lemon orchards. This study was conducted to reveal the most effective insecticides, the most effective spraying time and the efficacy of biological control. For this purpose, the effectiveness of five insecticides (480 g/l spinosad, 25% spinetoram, 100 g/l spirotetramat, 50% flonicamid, 240 g/l tau-fluvalinate), effect of three spray programs and effectiveness of predatory bug Orius laevigatus (Fieber, 1860) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) were tested in a lemon orchard [Citrus limon (L.) (Rutales: Rutaceae)] in Erdemli district of Mersin province in 2018 and 2019. In order to determine the most effective spraying time, three spray programs were tested. In Program 1, two sprays during the flowering period were applied. In Program 2, two sprays were applied, one at petal fall and the other at the small fruiting stage. In Program 3, one spray at petal fall and two sprays in the fruiting stages were applied. According to the results, 240 g/l tau-fluvalinate and 50% flonicamid showed the lowest efficacy of the insecticides in the three programs. Spinetoram was found the most effective of the others. Insecticide applications to control T. hawaiiensis during the flowering period (Program 1) had low efficacy. Program 3 was found to be the most effective. Predatory bug O. laevigatus, as a biological control agent was found to have a potential efficacy for suppressing T. hawaiiensis populations., Önemli bir istilacı thrips türü olan Hawai çiçek tripsi Thrips hawaiiensis (Morgan, 1913) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Türkiye’de ilk defa 2015 yılında rapor edilmiştir. O zamandan beri, limon bahçelerinde zarara neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışma, limon bahçelerinde sorun olan T. hawaiiensis’in mücadelesinde en etkili insektisiti, en etkili ilaçlama zamanını ve biyolojik mücadelenin etkinliğini ortaya koymak için yürütülmüştür. Bu amaçla, 2018 ve 2019 yıllarında, Mersin ili Erdemli ilçesinde bir limon bahçesinde [Citrus limon (L.) (Rutales: Rutaceae)] 5 farklı insektisitin (480 g/l spinosad, %25 spinetoram, 100 g/l spirotetramat, %50 flonicamid, 240 g/l Tau-fluvalinate), üç farklı uygulama programının ve avcı böcek Orius laevigatus (Fieber, 1860) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae)’un etkinliği denemeye alınmıştır. En etkili ilaçlama zamanını belirlemek için 3 ilaçlama programı denenmiştir. Birinci programda çiçeklenme döneminde iki ilaçlama test edilmiştir. İkinci programda, biri taç yaprak dökümü diğeri küçük meyve dönemi olmak üzere 2 ilaçlama test edilmiştir. Üçüncü programda ise taç yaprak dökümünde bir, meyve döneminde 2 ilaçlama test edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, 240 g/l tau-fluvalinate ve %50 flonicamid üç programın hepsinde ilaçlar arasında en düşük etkiyi göstermişlerdir. Spinetoram etkili maddeli ilacın, diğerlerine göre en etkili preparat olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Thrips hawaiiensis’e karşı çiçek döneminde yapılan insektisit uygulamalarının (program 1) etkinliği düşük bulunmuştur. Üçüncü program en etkili program olarak bulunmuştur. Biyolojik mücadele ajanı olarak avcı böcek Orius laevigatus’un T. hawaiiensis’i baskı altına alabilme potansiyeli olduğu belirlenmiştir.
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- 2022
39. Effects of fines on liquefaction behaviour in well-graded materials.
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Kwa, Katherine A. and Airey, David W.
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SOIL liquefaction ,PARTICULATE matter ,MARITIME shipping ,ORE transportation ,CYCLIC loads - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Geotechnical Journal is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2017
- Full Text
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40. Strength verification of stabilized soil-cement columns: a laboratory investigation of the push-in resistance test (PIRT).
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Timoney, Martin J. and McCabe, Bryan A.
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STRENGTH of material testing ,COLUMNS ,SOIL stabilization ,STRUCTURAL stability ,SHEAR testing of soils ,CEMENT testing - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Geotechnical Journal is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Caracterización química, variabilidad composicional y modelamiento matemático del efecto de aceites esenciales en Alternaria alternata.
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Black-Solis, Jaime, Ventura-Aguilar, Rosa Isela, Barrera-Necha, Laura L., and Bautista-Baños, Silvia
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- *
ESSENTIAL oils , *PRINCIPAL components analysis , *GERMINATION , *GAS chromatography/Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) , *LIME oil - Abstract
Mathematical models of in vitro growth and germination of Alternaria alternata in the presence of essential oils were developed. By using principal component analysis, similarities were found among the oils in terms of their volatile composition. The mycelial growth and conidial germination of A. alternata was evaluated in PDA with cinnamon, epazote and lime oils (0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 μL mL-1). The oils used were obtained by hydrodistillation and commercially and were characterized by gas chromatographymass spectrometry. The Baranyi and Roberts and logistics equations were used to fit the experimental data and to predict its behavior. Due to their chemical composition, the oils were grouped into: 1) cinnamon (commercial and non-commercial), in which cis-cinnamaldehyde predominated, 2) commercial lime (D-limonene) and epazote (commercial and non-commercial) with ascaridole and ρ-cimene, and 3) non-commercial lime. Cinnamon oil (0.5 and 1.0 μL mL-1) inhibited mycelial growth of A. alternata, whereas germination was 100 % inhibited with the presence of lime and epazote oils (0.25 and 0.5 μL mL-1). Mathematical models and principal component analyses are effective tools for understanding the effect of essential oils on A. alternata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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42. V Aztlánu jsme přece doma: vymístění a čikánská kulturní obroda v hraničním regionu amerického Jihozápadu/mexického Severu
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Kateřina Prajznerová
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americký Jihozápad ,Anaya ,Aztlán ,čikánská renesance ,vymístění ,Limón ,Sociology (General) ,HM401-1281 - Abstract
Geo-kulturní hraniční region amerického Jihozápadu a mexického Severu je místem tří hlavních vln vymístění: pre-kolumbovského, španělského a anglo-amerického. Objevení se představy Aztlánu jako čikánského domova v roce 1969 a následný rozkvět aztlánského psaní naznačuje jedinečnou kruhovost vývoje v této oblasti. Jak ukazuje historická beletrie Rudolfa Anayi a Graciely Limón, současní čikánští umělci se vracejí ke svému pre-kolumbovskému dědictví a nápaditě integrují prvky alespoň třech kultur. Aztlán, propustná mestická hraniční oblast, se tak stala ústředním symbolem čikánského úsilí o zbavení se vnuceného statusu marginalizovaných cizinců. Přestože čelí trvalým účinkům kolonizace, trvá Aztlán na znovuzískání čikánského teritoria stejně jako čikánského hlasu ve Spojených státech.
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- 2016
43. Evaluación de la sustentabilidad de fincas productoras de limón en Portoviejo, Ecuador
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Alexander Rodríguez Berrío, Alberto Julca-Otiniano, and Carlos Oswaldo Valarezo Beltrón
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Cultural Studies ,Archeology ,History ,metodología ,limón ,Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous) ,sustentabilidad ,indicadores ,agricultores ,Ecuador ,Horticulture ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Food Science - Abstract
Sustentabilidad es la habilidad de lograr una prosperidad económica estable protegiendo los sistemas naturales, proveyendo una alta calidad de vida para las personas. Para abordar esta temática, la investigación se la realizó en Portoviejo, Ecuador. El limón es un cultivo muy importante para la zona debido a su extensión (4.300 hectáreas); gran parte de este frutal en Ecuador se produce en dicha jurisdicción que cuenta con escasa información actualizada sobre la sustentabilidad del cultivo. Se tuvo como objetivo determinar la sustentabilidad de las fincas productoras de limón mediante la metodología de Sarandón, que consistió en definir indicadores y subindicadores con variables socioculturales, económicas y ambientales, que fueron aplicados en 102 fincas para luego ser procesados de acuerdo a las fórmulas de sustentabilidad ambiental, económica, sociocultural y general. La metodología de Sarandón permitió establecer que solamente el 12% de las fincas productoras de limón sutil fueron sustentables, debido a que la mayoría de las fincas mostraron debilidades en aspectos ambientales; a pesar de este hallazgo los aspectos sociales y económicos mostraron fortalezas en sus subindicadores. Estos hechos resultan útiles para direccionar lineamientos de investigación y desarrollo comunitario enfocados en implementar certificaciones ambientales.
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- 2020
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44. Aceites de oliva aromatizados con aceites esenciales: una comparación entre análisis físico-químicos y sensoriales para atender diferentes perfiles de consumidores
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Cruz , Ana Carolina Sirelli da, Cunha, Ila Silva de Britto, Silva , Laísa Maria Souza Xavier da, Gonzalez, Adrian Rui Angela, Santos, Luis Fernandes Pereira, Leal, Ingrid Lessa, Conceição, Elaine Janaína Linhares da, Bezerra , Priscilla Quenia Muniz, and Matos, Márcia Filgueiras Rebelo de
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Azeite extra virgem ,Desenvolvimento de novos produtos ,Aceite de oliva virgen extra ,Desarrollo de nuevos productos ,Limón ,Orégano ,Development of new products ,Oregano ,Alecrim ,Extra virgin olive oil ,Laurel ,Louro ,Rosemary ,Limão siciliano ,Romero ,Sicilian lemon - Abstract
To increase the attractiveness of extra virgin olive oil to consumers, the food industry has been adding essential oils (EO) to the product. However, there is a gap about the sensory and physicochemical characteristics of olive oil after the adoption of this practice. The present study aimed to: (i) develop extra virgin olive oils flavored by EO; (ii) carry out training for evaluators; (iii) to analyze sensorially the flavored and standard oils, between trained and untrained tasters, and (iv) to evaluate the effect of EO on the oxidative stability of extra virgin olive oil. Flavored oil samples were developed using extra virgin olive oil and EO of rosemary, lemon, bay leaf and oregano (0.5% w/v). Traditional olive oil was used as a standard and all study samples were sensorially evaluated by a group of trained and untrained evaluators and characterized for acidity and peroxide index. Flavored oils showed better results for all sensory tests applied when compared to the standard. The addition of EO in olive oil demonstrated the ability to increase its oxidative stability, being able to act as a natural preservative, considering the acidity variations from 0.46 to 0.64% and the peroxide index from 9.59 to 12.16 meq/ kg in the samples (reference values up to 0.8% and 20 meq/kg, respectively). In this study, the development of new products showed potential for commercial insertion, offering versatility to traditional olive oil by adding flavor, aroma and stability, and expanding the possibility of use by different consumer profiles (professional cooks or not) for application in various gastronomic preparations. Para aumentar el atractivo del aceite de oliva virgen extra para los consumidores, la industria alimentaria ha añadido aceites esenciales (AE) al producto. Sin embargo, existe un vacío sobre las características sensoriales y fisicoquímicas del aceite de oliva tras la adopción de esta práctica. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo (i) desarrollar aceite de oliva virgen extra aromatizado con AE; (ii) realizar capacitaciones a evaluadores; (iii) analizar sensorialmente los aceites aromatizados y estándar, entre recolectores entrenados y no entrenados y (iv) evaluar el efecto de AE sobre la estabilidad oxidativa del aceite de oliva virgen extra. Las muestras de aceite de oliva aromatizado se desarrollaron utilizando aceite de oliva virgen extra y AE de romero, limón, laurel y orégano (0,5% p/v). Si usó aceite de oliva estándar como control, todas las muestras del estudio fueron evaluadas sensorialmente por un grupo de evaluadores calificados y no capacitados y caracterizadas por acidez y valor de peróxido. Los aceites saborizados mostraron mejores resultados para todas las pruebas sensoriales aplicadas que la muestra estándar. La adición de AE en el aceite demuestra la capacidad de aumentar su estabilidad oxidativa, pudiendo actuar como conservante natural, considerando la variación de la acidez en las muestras (0,46 a 0,64%) y el índice de peróxido de 9,59 a 12,16 meq. /kg (valores de referencia: hasta 0,8% y 20 meq/kg, respectivamente). Así, en este estudio, el desarrollo del nuevo producto mostró potencial de inserción comercial, ofreciendo versatilidad en el aceite de oliva tradicional para aportar sabor, aroma y estabilidad, ampliando la posibilidad de uso por diferentes perfiles de consumidores (cocineros profesionales o no) para la aplicación de el producto en diversas preparaciones gastronómicas. Para aumentar a atratividade do azeite extra virgem para os consumidores, a indústria alimentícia vem adicionando óleos essenciais (OE) ao produto. Entretanto, existe uma lacuna sobre as características sensoriais e físico-químicas do azeite após a adoção desta prática. O presente estudo teve como objetivo: (i) desenvolver azeites extra virgens aromatizados por OE; (ii) realizar treinamento de avaliadores; (iii) analisar sensorialmente os azeites aromatizados e padrão, entre provadores treinados e não treinados, e (iv) avaliar o efeito do OE na estabilidade oxidativa do azeite extra virgem. Amostras de azeites aromatizados foram desenvolvidas utilizando azeite extra virgem e OE de alecrim, limão siciliano, louro e orégano (0,5% p/v). O azeite tradicional foi utilizado como padrão e todas as amostras do estudo foram avaliadas sensorialmente por um grupo de avaliadores treinados e não treinados e caracterizadas quanto à acidez e índice de peróxido. Os azeites aromatizados apresentaram melhores resultados para todos os testes sensoriais aplicados quando comparados ao padrão. A adição de OE no azeite demonstrou a capacidade de aumentar sua estabilidade oxidativa, podendo atuar como conservante natural, considerando as variações da acidez de 0,46 a 0,64% e do índice de peróxido de 9,59 a 12,16 meq/kg nas amostras (valores de referência de até 0,8% e 20 meq/kg, respectivamente). Neste estudo, o desenvolvimento dos novos produtos mostrou potencial de inserção comercial, oferecendo versatilidade ao azeite tradicional ao agregar sabor, aroma e estabilidade, e ampliação da possibilidade de utilização por diferentes perfis de consumidores (cozinheiros profissionais ou não) para aplicação em diversas preparações gastronômicas.
- Published
- 2022
45. Eliminación de los contaminantes nitrógeno y fósforo presentes en el agua a base de la cáscara del limón Tahití
- Author
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Mosquera-Palacios, Asly Mariana, Quintín-Penagos, Diana Marcela, and Marimón-Bolívar, Wilfredo
- Subjects
CONTAMINACIÓN DEL AGUA- COLOMBIA ,FÓSFORO- ELIMINACIÓN ,Nitrógeno ,ADSORBENTES ,Fósforo ,NITRÓGENO- ELIMINACIÓN ,Biomasa ,Remoción de nutrientes ,AGUAS RESIDUALES – PURIFICACIÓN- COLOMBIA ,624 - Ingeniería Civil ,LIMÓN ,Adsorción - Abstract
Trabajo de Investigación Este proyecto se enmarca en un trabajo de investigación donde se pretende analizar la viabilidad de potencial que tiene el uso de la biomasa residual (cáscara) del limón Tahití para remover nutrientes como el fósforo y el nitrógeno presentes en aguas residuales. Esto, debido a que los cuerpos de agua principalmente los ríos, al no ser tratados adecuadamente sus efluentes llevan nutrientes inorgánicos que generan eutrofización, acidificación y proliferación de algas tóxicas; presentando así una significativa contaminación en estos. (Tomado de la fuente). Pregrado Ingeniero Civil INTRODUCCIÓN 1. PLANTEAMIENTO Y FORMULACIÓN DEL PROBLEMA 2. ESTADO DEL ARTE 3. ANTECEDENTES 4. JUSTIFICACIÓN 5. OBJETIVOS 6. MARCO TEÓRICO 7. MARCO CONCEPTUAL 8. MARCO LEGAL 9. METODOLOGÍA 10. ANÁLISIS DE RESULTADOS 11. ALCANCES Y LIMITACIONES 12. CONCLUSIONES 13. RECOMENDACIONES BIBLIOGRAFÍA ANEXOS
- Published
- 2022
46. Determination of pesticide residues in lemon by GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS
- Author
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Aslantaş, Şule, Kabak, Bülent, and Aslantaş, Şule
- Subjects
Pestisit kalıntısı ,QuEChERS ,GC-MS/MS ,Lemon ,Pesticide residue ,Limon ,LC-MS/MS - Abstract
Limonlarda gıda güvenilirliğini etkileyen en önemli kimyasal tehlike pestisit kalıntılarıdır. Pestisitler, akut veya kronik etki gösterebilmekte olup, toksisite derecesine bağlı olarak çeşitli sağlık sorunlarına neden olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, kabuklu limon ve bu limonlardan elde edilen limon suyu örneklerinde 356 adet pestisit kalıntısının izlemesi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kasım 2020-Ocak 2021 tarihleri arasında Çorum ilinde çeşitli satış noktalarından satın alınan (500 g) 100 limon örneği ve bu limonlardan elde edilen limon suyu örneklerinde pestisitlerin ekstraksiyonu hızlı, kolay, ucuz, etkili, sağlam ve güvenli (QuEChERS) ekstraksiyon yöntemi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Pestisitlerin tespitinde ise gaz kromatografisi-kütle spektrometresi (GC-MS/MS) ve sıvı kromatografisi-kütle spektrometresi (LC-MS/MS) kullanılmıştır. Analiz edilen 100 adet limon suyu örneğinin hiçbirinde ölçülebilir limitlerinin üzerinde pestisit kalıntısına rastlanmamıştır. Buna karşın, analiz edilen 100 kabuklu limon örneğinin 43'ünde 16 farklı pestisit (9 fungisit, 6 insektisit ve 1 herbisit) tespit edilmiştir. Chlorpyrifos metil kabuklu limonlarda en sık rastlanılan (%17) kalıntıdır. Kabuklu limonlarda saptanan chlorpyrifos metil miktarları (0,013-0,098 mg kg-1) Türk Gıda Kodeksi Maksimum Kalıntı Limitinin (MRL) üzerinde bulunmuştur. Limonlarda sıklıkla tespit edilen diğer kalıntılar ise metamitron (%10; 0,027-0,118 mg kg-1), buprofezin (%9; 0,023-0,076 mg kg-1) ve pyriproxyfen (%9; 0,021-0,102 mg kg-1)'dir. En az bir adet pestisit kalıntısı tespit edilen 43 kabuklu limon örneğinden 25'i MRL değerlerinin üzerinde kalıntı içermektedir. The most important chemical hazard affecting the food safety in lemons is pesticide residues. Pesticides can have acute or chronic effects and may cause various health problems, depending on the degree of toxicity. In this study, 356 pesticide residues were monitored in lemon fruits and lemon juice samples obtained from these lemons. Between November 2020-January 2021, a total of 100 lemon fruits (500 g) was purchased from different retail stores in Corum province. Pesticide residues in lemon fruits and lemon juice samples were extracted by quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) method. The residues in lemons were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). While no pesticide residues above the measurable limits were found in any of the 100 samples of lemon juice, 16 different pesticides (nine fungicides, six insecticides and one herbicide) were detected in 43 of 100 lemon fruit samples. Chlorpyrifos methyl was the most common residue in lemons. The concentrations of chlorpyrifos methyl (0.013-0.098 mg kg-1) detected in the samples was found above the Turkish Food Codex Maximum Residue Limit (MRL). Other residues frequently detected in lemons were metamitron (10%, 0.027-0.118 mg kg-1), buprofezin (9%, 0.023-0.076 mg kg-1) and pyriproxyfen (9%, 0.021-0.102 mg kg-1). 25 out of 43 lemon fruit samples which contain at least one residue, had residues higher than MRL. İÇİNDEKİLER Sayfa ÖZET -- iiv ABSTRACT -- v TEŞEKKÜR -- vi İÇİNDEKİLER -- vii TABLOLAR DİZİNİ -- ix ŞEKİLLER DİZİNİ -- x RESİMLER DİZİNİ -- xi SİMGELER VE KISALTMALAR -- xii GİRİŞ -- 1 1. BÖLÜM LİTERATÜR ÖZETİ 1.1. Turunçgiller Hakkında Genel Bilgi -- 3 1.2. Limon Hakkında Genel Bilgi -- 4 1.2.1. Limonun besinsel bileşimi -- 5 1.2.2. Limon çeşitleri -- 6 1.2.3. Limon üretim, tüketim, ihracat ve ithalat değerleri -- 8 1.2.4. Limon zararlıları ve limonda görülen hastalıklar -- 10 1.2.5. Limonda görülen bazı hastalıklar -- 11 1.3. Pestisitler -- 13 1.3.1. Pestisitlerin sınıflandırılması -- 14 1.3.2. Pestisitlerin çevre ve insan sağlığına etkileri -- 15 1.3.3. Pestisit kullanım miktarları -- 18 viii 1.3.4. Pestisit analizlerinde kullanılan yöntemler -- 22 1.4. Turunçgillerde Pestisit Varlığı Konusundan Yapılan Çalışmalar -- 24 2. BÖLÜM MATERYAL VE YÖNTEM 2.1. Materyal -- 27 2.1.1. Limon -- 27 2.1.2. Kimyasal maddeler -- 27 2.2. Yöntem -- 27 2.2.1. Ekstraksiyon -- 27 2.2.2. Pestisitlerin seçimi -- 28 2.2.3. LC-MS/MS analizi -- 35 2.2.4. GS-MS/MS analizi -- 36 3. BÖLÜM ARAŞTIRMA BULGULARI VE TARTIŞMA SONUÇ VE ÖNERİLER -- 46 KAYNAKÇA -- 48
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- 2022
47. SITRUS MEVALI O���SIMLIKLARNING YASHIL QALAMCHALARINI ILDIZ OTUVCHANLIGI VA KO���CHATINI RIVOJLANISHIGA O���SISHNI BOSHQARUVCHI MODDALARNING TA���SIRI
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Ixtiyor Choriyevich Namozov and Ramazon Qayumov
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ildiz ,orange ,lemon ,yashil qalamcha ,sitrus ,kallus ,indoleacetic acid ,substrate ,root ,ko���chat ,rivojlanish ,apel���sin ,stock ,callus ,developed ,limon ,substrat ,IMK ,seedling ,ISK ,solution ,indolylbutyric acid ,eritma ,cutting ,nav - Abstract
Maqolada sitrus mevali o���simliklarni yashil qalamchalarini ildiz otishiga o���sishni boshqaruvchi moddalarni ta���siri bo���yicha ilmiy asoslangan ma���lumotlar keltirilgan. Sitrus mevali o���simliklardan limonni yashil qalamchalarini ildiz otuvchanligiga o���sishni boshqaruvchi moddalarni ta���siri ilmiy-tadqiqotlarda o���rganilganda yashil qalamchalarni ildiz otuvchanligi nazorat variantida 82,3% bo���lganligi kuzatilgan bo���lsa, ISK-50 mg/l va IMK-25 mg/l eritmalarida ishlov berilgan variantlarida esa eng yuqori ko���rsatkich limonning Tashkent navida 95,3% va 91,0% bo���lganligi aniqlandi. Apel���sinning Gamlin navini yashil qalamchalarini ISK-100 mg/l va IMK-50 mg/l eritmalarida ishlov berilganda qalamchalarni ildiz otuvchanligi nazorat variantiga nisbatan 31% va 27% yuqori ko���rsatkichga ega bo���lganligi aniqlandi., The scientific article provides experimental material devoted to the study of the influence of growth substances on the rhizogenesis of green cuttings of citrus crops and the development of seedlings. Studies have shown the high efficiency of such growth substances as indolylbutyric and indoleacetic acids. So, if in the control variant of growing lemon seedlings from green cuttings (without IAA and BCI treatment), the quality of rooting of green cuttings was 82.3%, then when IAA (50 mg/l of water) was used, this indicator increased to 91.0%, BCI (mg/l. water) up to 95.3%. When growing orange seedlings of the Gamlin variety from green cuttings using BCI at a dose of 50 mg / L of water, rooting rate of cuttings was 31%, IAA (100 mg / L of water), respectively, 27%.
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Efectos de los tratamientos post-cosecha con flujo de aire caliente sobre la calidad de limones ‘fino’
- Author
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Serna Escolano, Vicente, Dobón Suárez, Alicia, García Pastor, María Emma, Giménez Torres, María José, Badiche-El Hilali, Fátima, Zapata Coll, Pedro Javier, Valverde Veracruz, Juan Miguel, and Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena
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Máquinas y Motores Térmicos ,Flujo de aire caliente ,Firmeza ,Pérdidas de peso ,Limón ,CYTEF ,Podredumbres - Abstract
Los productores de limón demandan herramientas que incrementen la vida útil de los frutos durante la comercialización. En este trabajo se ha estudiado el efecto de realizar una cuarentena de 24 h a 37 °C y a 42 °C, previo al almacenamiento a 10 ºC. Se han evaluado los principales parámetros de calidad del limón: pérdidas de peso (PP), firmeza y color. Además, se ha determinado la tasa de respiración (TR) y la incidencia de podredumbres. Los resultados mostraron un descenso en las PP y la incidencia de podredumbres, mientras que la firmeza y el color no presentaron diferencias entre los frutos expuestos a 37 °C y los frutos sin tratar. A 42 °C la calidad del fruto disminuyó drásticamente. Por lo tanto, el uso de cuarentenas a 37 °C durante 24 horas podrían ser consideradas como herramientas efectivas para mantener la calidad del limón durante el almacenamiento a 10 ºC.
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- 2022
49. Role of the agrarian associationism in the context of citrus crisis:comments on the lemon sector in the province of Malaga
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Juan José Natera Rivas and Remedios Larrubia Vargas
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entidades asociativas agrarias ,cítricos ,limón ,málaga ,Cities. Urban geography ,GF125 ,Geography (General) ,G1-922 ,City planning ,HT165.5-169.9 - Abstract
Lemon sector in Malaga is crossing a stage of crisis, which takes place in a context of an increase of the requirements, on the part of the buyers, related to trazability, quality, aspect, etc., of the fruit. The accomplishment of those requirements is difficult for the productors, due to the reduced size of their orchards, among other reasons. Due to this, Associative Agrarian Entities can perform a role of great importance, stimulating initiatives tending to improve the possibilities of their partners to be kept in the activity. Nevertheless, not all the Entities have started some initiative and, those that have done it, have cosen among different options, as response to the characteristics of their partners. The identification and characterization of these actions, with important consequences on the continuity in the activity of their partners, is the aim of this paper.
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- 2010
50. Feasibility of exporting lemon exocarp, mesocarp and endocarp to the United States (miami) for processing as raw material
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Ojeda-Lobo, Juan Sebastian, Ruiz-Sayago, Jose Gregorio, Guecha-Oliveros, José Gregorio, and Mora-Urbina, Lorena
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Marketing ,International logístics ,Viabilidad ,Lemon ,Transformación ,Materia prima ,Dietary fibers ,Limón ,Logística internacional ,Raw material ,Transformation ,Viability ,Mercadeo ,Fibras dietarías ,Export ,Exportación - Abstract
Digital, La investigación que se presentará a continuación tiene como finalidad de estudiar la viabilidad de exportación hacia los Estados Unidos (Miami) de Exocarpo, Mesocarpo, y Endocarpo del limón, como materia prima para la elaboración de saborizantes, colorantes, fibras dietarías y jugos concentrados, realizando el descubrimiento de aspectos importantes sobre el cultivo, mejoramiento adecuación y transformación del limón como materia prima para la elaboración de diferentes productos; también el de realizar un estudio de mercado para conocer la viabilidad de exportación hacia Estados Unidos de este tipo de materia prima, cítrica para diseñar la estructura en la distribución física internacional para la exportación de los derivados del limón para la elaboración de diferentes productos. Los acuerdos comerciales vigentes con los que cuenta Colombia, representan una oportunidad para los productores que quieran internacionalizar sus productos o servicios, teniendo en cuenta las normas fitosanitarias que cada país tenga. La realización de un estudio de mercado es importante al momento de incursionar en otro país puesto que se debe tener presente la competencia, para no incurrir en pérdidas y conocer las necesidades de los clientes. Se debe evaluar antes de cada exportación los términos y condiciones para garantizar que las partes involucradas se encuentren aseguradas contra cualquier contratipo que se pueda dar desde el puerto de salida hasta la ciudad destino., The purpose of the research that will be presented below is to study the feasibility of exporting lemon Exocarp, Mesocarp, and Endocarp to the United States (Miami), as raw material for the production of flavorings, colorings, dietary fibers, and concentrated juices. making the discovery of important aspects about the cultivation, improvement, adequacy and transformation of the lemon as a raw material for the elaboration of different products; also to carry out a market study to find out the feasibility of exporting this type of raw material to the United States, citrus to design the structure in the international physical distribution for the export of lemon derivatives for the elaboration of different products.The current trade agreements that Colombia has, represent an opportunity for producers who want to internationalize their products or services, taking into account the phytosanitary standards that each country has. Carrying out a market study is important when entering another country since the competition must be kept in mind, so as not to incur losses and to know the needs of customers. The terms and conditions must be evaluated before each export to guarantee that the parties involved are insured against any contratype that may occur from the port of departure to the destination city., Pregrado, Profesional en Comercio Exterior, Resumen ........................................................................................................................................16 Abstract .........................................................................................................................................18 Introducción..................................................................................................................................19 Problema e Investigación.............................................................................................................20 Planteamiento del Problema....................................................................................................20 Formulación del Problema ......................................................................................................20 Sistematización del Problema .................................................................................................20 Objetivos .................................................................................................................................21 Objetivo General ...................................................................................................................................... 21 Objetivos Específicos.............................................................................................................................. 21 Justificación.............................................................................................................................21 Marco de Referencia ....................................................................................................................22 Antecedentes ...........................................................................................................................22 Marco Espacial........................................................................................................................24 Marco Temporal......................................................................................................................24 Diseño Metodológico ....................................................................................................................25 Tipo de Investigación..............................................................................................................25 Investigación Exploratoria..................................................................................................................... 25 Método de Investigación .........................................................................................................25 Método Inductivo ..................................................................................................................................... 25 Método Teórico......................................................................................................................................... 25 Tipo de Estudio .......................................................................................................................26 Estudio Explicativo.................................................................................................................................. 26 Estudio Descriptivo ................................................................................................................................. 26 Instrumentos de Recolección De Información........................................................................26 Población.................................................................................................................................26 Muestra....................................................................................................................................27 Sistematización de Variables ..................................................................................................27 Tratamiento de la Información................................................................................................28 Técnica para la Recolección de la Información .............................................................................. 28 Técnica de Procesamiento de la Información .................................................................................. 29 Presentación de la Información ............................................................................................................ 29 Marco Administrativo..................................................................................................................30 Personas que Participan en el Proceso ....................................................................................30 Cronograma de Trabajo...........................................................................................................30 Diagrama Gantt .......................................................................................................................31 Presupuesto para la Investigación ...........................................................................................32 Describir Aspectos Importantes Sobre el Cultivo, Mejoramiento Adecuación y Transformación del Limón Como Materia Prima para la Elaboración de Diferentes Productos.......................................................................................................................................33 Limón Tahití para Exportación ...............................................................................................39 Características de Exportación del limón Tahití ............................................................................. 39 Requisitos Fitosanitarios para la Exportación del Limón Tahití ................................................ 40 Realizar un Estudio de Mercado Para Conocer la Viabilidad de Exportación Hacia Estados Unidos de Este Tipo de Materia Prima Cítrica .........................................................................42 Estudio de Mercado, Encuesta ................................................................................................42 Tendencia Mundial..................................................................................................................44 Partida y Subpartida Limón Tahití..........................................................................................45 Oferta y Demanda del Limón Tahití Colombiano...................................................................45 Limón Tahití y el Mercado de Estados Unidos.......................................................................46 Ficha Técnica ..........................................................................................................................46 Contexto Económico y Político ..............................................................................................47 Población .................................................................................................................................................... 50 Por Edad de la Población ....................................................................................................................... 50 Descripción de las Zonas Geográficas del Mercado Meta ........................................................... 51 Perfil del Consumidor .............................................................................................................52 Estadísticas..............................................................................................................................54 Nivel de Consumo...................................................................................................................57 Diseñar la Estructura en la Distribución Física Internacional para la Exportación de los Derivados del Limón para la Elaboración de Diferentes Productos .......................................61 Formalización Empresarial .....................................................................................................61 Registro del Predio Productor, Exportadores y Empacadoras Vegetales para Exportación ...63 Registró como Exportador de Vegetales Frescos....................................................................66 Requisitos Documentales....................................................................................................................... 66 Requisitos de Infraestructura ................................................................................................................ 67 Trámite para la Expedición del Registro ........................................................................................... 68 Visita Técnica de Verificación ............................................................................................................. 68 Registro de las Plantas Empacadoras de Vegetales para la Exportación En Fresco...............69 Requisitos Documentales....................................................................................................................... 69 Requisitos de Infraestructura ................................................................................................................ 70 Proceso de Certificación Entidad Autorizada en Colombia BPA...........................................70 Costos de la Distribución Física Internacional ................................................................................ 74 Calculo de los seguros ............................................................................................................................ 74 Costos Embalaje ....................................................................................................................................... 74 Valor de Gastos Aduaneros................................................................................................................... 75 Gravámenes Arancelarios ...................................................................................................................... 75 Impuestos Internos ................................................................................................................................... 75 Acuerdos Comerciales ............................................................................................................................ 75 Documentos ............................................................................................................................................... 76 Vistos Buenos............................................................................................................................................ 76 Bibliografía ...................................................................................................................................80
- Published
- 2021
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