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The parathyroid gland is an endocrine organ that plays a crucial role in regulating calcium levels in blood serum through the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Hypoparathyroidism is a chronic disease that can occur due to parathyroid defects, but due to the difficulty of creating animal models of this disease or obtaining human normal parathyroid cells, the evaluation of parathyroid functionality for drug development is limited. Although parathyroid-like cells that secrete PTH have recently been reported, their functionality may be overestimated using traditional culture methods that lack in vivo similarities, particularly vascularization. To overcome these limitations, we obtained parathyroid organoids from tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (TMSCs) and fabricated a parathyroid-on-a-chip, capable of simulating PTH secretion based on calcium concentration. This chip exhibited differences in PTH secretion according to calcium concentration and secreted PTH within the range of normal serum levels. In addition, branches of organoids, which are difficult to observe in animal models, were observed in this chip. This could serve as a guideline for successful engraftment in implantation therapies in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molybdenum trioxide nanoparticles (MoO3 NPs) are recognized for their applications in novel multifunctional devices. Here, a biogenic, environmentally friendly method using Lepidagathis cristata leaf extract was employed to synthesize MoO3 NPs. The as-obtained MoO3 NPs exhibited a predominant (0 k0) orientation, representing an α-MoO3 structure. The absorption band at 984 cm-1 observed in the Fourier-transform infrared spectrum corresponded to the terminal Mo = O bond, thereby confirming that the prepared MoO3 NPs were in the orthorhombic phase. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy data revealed that the MoO3 NPs were well crystallized and uniformly distributed with grain sizes in the 70-100 nm range. The biogenic MoO3 NPs demonstrated an excellent zone of inhibition against the selected Gram -ve and Gram +ve bacterial strains, thus providing an alternative to standard antibacterial agents. During electrochemical experiments conducted in a 1 M aqueous Na2SO4 solution, cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves of the MoO3 NPs showed a pseudocapacitive nature, with a high discharge specific capacitance of 294 F/g and good cyclability. These results suggest the feasibility of the proposed biogenic, environmentally friendly method for preparing MoO3 NPs for application in multifunctional devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, the effect of lift height of magnetic force microscopy (MFM) tip on the resolution of the magnetic force microscopy images of the magnetic pillar patterns, having diameter of 50 nm, pitch of 100 nm, and height of 35 nm was analyzed experimentally. A patterned substrate for patterned magnetic media was fabricated by an UV nanoimprinting process with a silicon nanostamp. The silicon nanostamp was fabricated by electron-beam lithography and inductively coupled plasma etching process. We deposited magnetic layers on the nanoimprinted pillar patterns to make the perpendicular patterned magnetic media with isolated magnetic domains. The magneto-optic Kerr effect analysis was carried out to evaluate the magnetic properties of the deposited magnetic layer. To analyze the effect of lift height of MFM tip on the resolution of the MFM images of the isolated nano scale magnetic domains, MFM measurement was carried out with various MFM tip lift heights. Finally, the optimum lift height of the MFM tip was obtained as 35 nm for higher resolution of MFM images of the isolated magnetic domains. Index Terms--Atomic force, magnetic force, magnetic force microscopy (MFM), MFM tip lift height, patterned media.

The UV nano imprinting process is a promising technology to fabricate nano patterns at low cost and high throughput. To adopt the UV nano imprinting process for production of nano patterned substrates for patterned media, the replicated polymer layer must fulfill certain requirements of the patterned media. In this research, a UV nano imprinting process using an organic/inorganic hybrid photopolymer was developed and the replicated ultra-high-density patterned substrate was evaluated. A silicon mold with full track of nano patterns with pattern size of 35 nm diameter, 70 nm pitch was used. The geometrical properties, surface hardness and adhesion property with magnetic layer of the organic/inorganic hybrid photopolymer patterned substrate were analyzed. Index Terms--Nano replication, organic/inorganic hybrid photopolymer, patterned media, UV nano imprinting.