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In the current era of globalization, synthetic dyes are one of the key factors of water pollution. Photocatalysis constitutes a promising technology for the treatment of wastewater, especially to those containing hard-to-remove organic compounds. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) play a vital role as a photocatalyst material. This research highlights the synthesized ZnONPs with roselle flower and oil palm leaf extract. The extracts and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) act as reducing agents during the synthesis process. Synthesis without the addition of plant extract is used as blank control for the experiment. Structural and optical studies of the three variants of ZnONPs were performed. High purity of ZnONPs with element Zn and O was obtained. The size of the three variants of ZnONPs was from 10–15 nm and found in agglomerated spherical shape. Large band gap, 3.2 eV was obtained by UV-Vis and high thermal stability was proven by TGA. Oxygen vacancies that assist in the degradation phenomenon were found in ZnONPs. Five percent of ZnONPs with the presence of 10 W UV light could effectively degrade 10 ppm MO in 5 h and MB in 3 h. Besides, high antioxidant properties and low toxicity demonstrated the ability of ZnONPs to be used as photocatalysts. In conclusion, ZnONPs can be further developed for pharmaceutical and industrial use.

In the current era of globalization, synthetic dyes are one of the key factors of water pollution. Photocatalysis constitutes a promising technology for the treatment of wastewater, especially to those containing hard-to-remove organic compounds. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) play a vital role as a photocatalyst material. This research highlights the synthesized ZnONPs with roselle flower and oil palm leaf extract. The extracts and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) act as reducing agents during the synthesis process. Synthesis without the addition of plant extract is used as blank control for the experiment. Structural and optical studies of the three variants of ZnONPs were performed. High purity of ZnONPs with element Zn and O was obtained. The size of the three variants of ZnONPs was from 10–15 nm and found in agglomerated spherical shape. Large band gap, 3.2 eV was obtained by UV-Vis and high thermal stability was proven by TGA. Oxygen vacancies that assist in the degradation phenomenon were found in ZnONPs. Five percent of ZnONPs with the presence of 10 W UV light could effectively degrade 10 ppm MO in 5 h and MB in 3 h. Besides, high antioxidant properties and low toxicity demonstrated the ability of ZnONPs to be used as photocatalysts. In conclusion, ZnONPs can be further developed for pharmaceutical and industrial use.

The development of chiral electrochemical sensor in the recognition of Penicillamine (Pen) enantiomer is important for the production of pure enantiomers over racemate in the treatment of an array of diseases. The preparation of the modified electrode was a twofold procedure in which electrodeposition of ZnO was conducted first on the ITO glass substrate. The optimum deposition parameters were at –0.9 V, in a buffer solution of pH 7 at 60 oC for 900 s based on the cyclic voltammetry (CV) data obtained. The second part of the procedure involved dropcasting Van solution on the surface of the ZnO/ITO modified electrode. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were carried out to characterize the electrical conductivity of the modified electrodes.. In this study, a novel chiral electrochemical sensor based on ZnO/vancomycin modified indium tin oxide glass substrate (ZnO/Van/ITO) was successfully fabricated and used in the chiral recognition of Pen enantiomers. The results showed that the charge transfer resistance (RCT) is the greatest for ZnO/Van/ITO followed by ZnO/ITO, Van/ITO and bare ITO. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy was carried out to study the surface morphology of the modified electrodes surface. Different oxidation peak current, Ip of L- and D- Pen were observed in the differential pulse voltammograms (DPV) obtained in the solution containing L- or D-Pen. Under optimum condition, the chiral sensor exhibited good linear response to Pen enantiomers in a linear range of 5 mM to 30 mM with a detection limit of 23.56 mM and 14.73 mM (S/N=3) for the D-Pen and L-Pen respectively. This proposed electrode was shown to exhibit excellent performance in terms of low detection limit and good enantioselectivity for Pen enantiomers. Molecular docking using PyRx was further used to study the computational binding effect of the Van and Pen enantiomers. The results showed that the binding effect was more prevalent for D-Pen as compared to L-Pen with a value o

The development of chiral electrochemical sensor in the recognition of Penicillamine (Pen) enantiomer is important for the production of pure enantiomers over racemate in the treatment of an array of diseases. The preparation of the modified electrode was a twofold procedure in which electrodeposition of ZnO was conducted first on the ITO glass substrate. The optimum deposition parameters were at –0.9 V, in a buffer solution of pH 7 at 60 oC for 900 s based on the cyclic voltammetry (CV) data obtained. The second part of the procedure involved dropcasting Van solution on the surface of the ZnO/ITO modified electrode. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were carried out to characterize the electrical conductivity of the modified electrodes.. In this study, a novel chiral electrochemical sensor based on ZnO/vancomycin modified indium tin oxide glass substrate (ZnO/Van/ITO) was successfully fabricated and used in the chiral recognition of Pen enantiomers. The results showed that the charge transfer resistance (RCT) is the greatest for ZnO/Van/ITO followed by ZnO/ITO, Van/ITO and bare ITO. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy was carried out to study the surface morphology of the modified electrodes surface. Different oxidation peak current, Ip of L- and D- Pen were observed in the differential pulse voltammograms (DPV) obtained in the solution containing L- or D-Pen. Under optimum condition, the chiral sensor exhibited good linear response to Pen enantiomers in a linear range of 5 mM to 30 mM with a detection limit of 23.56 mM and 14.73 mM (S/N=3) for the D-Pen and L-Pen respectively. This proposed electrode was shown to exhibit excellent performance in terms of low detection limit and good enantioselectivity for Pen enantiomers. Molecular docking using PyRx was further used to study the computational binding effect of the Van and Pen enantiomers. The results showed that the binding effect was more prevalent for D-Pen as compared to L-Pen with a value o