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1. Edge modes of the Helmholtz-Onsager gas in a multiply-connected domain

Author

McQueen II, Richard and Lim, Chjan C.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

The vortex gas is an approximation used to study 2D flow using statistical mechanics methodologies. We investigate low positive Onsager temperature states for the vortex gas on an annular domain. Using mean field theory, microcanonical sampling of the point gas model, and canonical sampling of a lattice model, we find evidence for edge modes at low energy states.

Published
2024

3. Pathogen genomic surveillance status among lower resource settings in Asia

Author

Getchell, Marya, Wulandari, Suci, de Alwis, Ruklanthi, Agoramurthy, Shreya, Khoo, Yoong Khean, Mak, Tze-Minn, Moe, La, Stona, Anne-Claire, Pang, Junxiong, Momin, Muhd Haziq Fikry Haji Abdul, Amir, Afreenish, Andalucia, Lucia Rizka, Azzam, Ghows, Chin, Savuth, Chookajorn, Thanat, Arunkumar, Govindakarnavar, Hung, Do Thai, Ikram, Aamer, Jha, Runa, Karlsson, Erik A., Le Thi, Mai Quynh, Mahasirimongkol, Surakameth, Malavige, Gathsaurie Neelika, Manning, Jessica E., Munira, Syarifah Liza, Trung, Nguyen Vu, Nisar, Imran, Qadri, Firdausi, Qamar, Farah Naz, Robinson, Matthew T., Saloma, Cynthia P., Setk, Swe, Shirin, Tahmina, Tan, Le Van, Dizon, Timothy John R., Thayan, Ravindran, Thu, Hlaing Myat, Tissera, Hasitha, Xangsayarath, Phonepadith, Zaini, Zainun, Lim, John C. W., Maurer-Stroh, Sebastian, Smith, Gavin J. D., Wang, Lin-Fa, and Pronyk, Paul

Published
2024
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9. The James Webb Space Telescope Mission

Author

Gardner, Jonathan P., Mather, John C., Abbott, Randy, Abell, James S., Abernathy, Mark, Abney, Faith E., Abraham, John G., Abraham, Roberto, Abul-Huda, Yasin M., Acton, Scott, Adams, Cynthia K., Adams, Evan, Adler, David S., Adriaensen, Maarten, Aguilar, Jonathan Albert, Ahmed, Mansoor, Ahmed, Nasif S., Ahmed, Tanjira, Albat, Rüdeger, Albert, Loïc, Alberts, Stacey, Aldridge, David, Allen, Mary Marsha, Allen, Shaune S., Altenburg, Martin, Altunc, Serhat, Alvarez, Jose Lorenzo, Álvarez-Márquez, Javier, de Oliveira, Catarina Alves, Ambrose, Leslie L., Anandakrishnan, Satya M., Andersen, Gregory C., Anderson, Harry James, Anderson, Jay, Anderson, Kristen, Anderson, Sara M., Aprea, Julio, Archer, Benita J., Arenberg, Jonathan W., Argyriou, Ioannis, Arribas, Santiago, Artigau, Étienne, Arvai, Amanda Rose, Atcheson, Paul, Atkinson, Charles B., Averbukh, Jesse, Aymergen, Cagatay, Bacinski, John J., Baggett, Wayne E., Bagnasco, Giorgio, Baker, Lynn L., Balzano, Vicki Ann, Banks, Kimberly A., Baran, David A., Barker, Elizabeth A., Barrett, Larry K., Barringer, Bruce O., Barto, Allison, Bast, William, Baudoz, Pierre, Baum, Stefi, Beatty, Thomas G., Beaulieu, Mathilde, Bechtold, Kathryn, Beck, Tracy, Beddard, Megan M., Beichman, Charles, Bellagama, Larry, Bely, Pierre, Berger, Timothy W., Bergeron, Louis E., Darveau-Bernier, Antoine, Bertch, Maria D., Beskow, Charlotte, Betz, Laura E., Biagetti, Carl P., Birkmann, Stephan, Bjorklund, Kurt F., Blackwood, James D., Blazek, Ronald Paul, Blossfeld, Stephen, Bluth, Marcel, Boccaletti, Anthony, Boegner Jr., Martin E., Bohlin, Ralph C., Boia, John Joseph, Böker, Torsten, Bonaventura, N., Bond, Nicholas A., Bosley, Kari Ann, Boucarut, Rene A., Bouchet, Patrice, Bouwman, Jeroen, Bower, Gary, Bowers, Ariel S., Bowers, Charles W., Boyce, Leslye A., Boyer, Christine T., Boyer, Martha L., Boyer, Michael, Boyer, Robert, Bradley, Larry D., Brady, Gregory R., Brandl, Bernhard R., Brannen, Judith L., Breda, David, Bremmer, Harold G., Brennan, David, Bresnahan, Pamela A., Bright, Stacey N., Broiles, Brian J., Bromenschenkel, Asa, Brooks, Brian H., Brooks, Keira J., Brown, Bob, Brown, Bruce, Brown, Thomas M., Bruce, Barry W., Bryson, Jonathan G., Bujanda, Edwin D., Bullock, Blake M., Bunker, A. J., Bureo, Rafael, Burt, Irving J., Bush, James Aaron, Bushouse, Howard A., Bussman, Marie C., Cabaud, Olivier, Cale, Steven, Calhoon, Charles D., Calvani, Humberto, Canipe, Alicia M., Caputo, Francis M., Cara, Mihai, Carey, Larkin, Case, Michael Eli, Cesari, Thaddeus, Cetorelli, Lee D., Chance, Don R., Chandler, Lynn, Chaney, Dave, Chapman, George N., Charlot, S., Chayer, Pierre, Cheezum, Jeffrey I., Chen, Bin, Chen, Christine H., Cherinka, Brian, Chichester, Sarah C., Chilton, Zachary S., Chittiraibalan, Dharini, Clampin, Mark, Clark, Charles R., Clark, Kerry W., Clark, Stephanie M., Claybrooks, Edward E., Cleveland, Keith A., Cohen, Andrew L., Cohen, Lester M., Colón, Knicole D., Coleman, Benee L., Colina, Luis, Comber, Brian J., Comeau, Thomas M., Comer, Thomas, Reis, Alain Conde, Connolly, Dennis C., Conroy, Kyle E., Contos, Adam R., Contreras, James, Cook, Neil J., Cooper, James L., Cooper, Rachel Aviva, Correia, Michael F., Correnti, Matteo, Cossou, Christophe, Costanza, Brian F., Coulais, Alain, Cox, Colin R., Coyle, Ray T., Cracraft, Misty M., Noriega-Crespo, Alberto, Crew, Keith A., Curtis, Gary J., Cusveller, Bianca, Maciel, Cleyciane Da Costa, Dailey, Christopher T., Daugeron, Frédéric, Davidson, Greg S., Davies, James E., Davis, Katherine Anne, Davis, Michael S., Day, Ratna, de Chambure, Daniel, de Jong, Pauline, De Marchi, Guido, Dean, Bruce H., Decker, John E., Delisa, Amy S., Dell, Lawrence C., Dellagatta, Gail, Dembinska, Franciszka, Demosthenes, Sandor, Dencheva, Nadezhda M., Deneu, Philippe, DePriest, William W., Deschenes, Jeremy, Dethienne, Nathalie, Detre, Örs Hunor, Diaz, Rosa Izela, Dicken, Daniel, DiFelice, Audrey S., Dillman, Matthew, Disharoon, Maureen O., van Dishoeck, Ewine F., Dixon, William V., Doggett, Jesse B., Dominguez, Keisha L., Donaldson, Thomas S., Doria-Warner, Cristina M., Santos, Tony Dos, Doty, Heather, Douglas Jr., Robert E., Doyon, René, Dressler, Alan, Driggers, Jennifer, Driggers, Phillip A., Dunn, Jamie L., DuPrie, Kimberly C., Dupuis, Jean, Durning, John, Dutta, Sanghamitra B., Earl, Nicholas M., Eccleston, Paul, Ecobichon, Pascal, Egami, Eiichi, Ehrenwinkler, Ralf, Eisenhamer, Jonathan D., Eisenhower, Michael, Eisenstein, Daniel J., Hamel, Zaky El, Elie, Michelle L., Elliott, James, Elliott, Kyle Wesley, Engesser, Michael, Espinoza, Néstor, Etienne, Odessa, Etxaluze, Mireya, Evans, Leah, Fabreguettes, Luce, Falcolini, Massimo, Falini, Patrick R., Fatig, Curtis, Feeney, Matthew, Feinberg, Lee D., Fels, Raymond, Ferdous, Nazma, Ferguson, Henry C., Ferrarese, Laura, Ferreira, Marie-Héléne, Ferruit, Pierre, Ferry, Malcolm, Filippazzo, Joseph Charles, Firre, Daniel, Fix, Mees, Flagey, Nicolas, Flanagan, Kathryn A., Fleming, Scott W., Florian, Michael, Flynn, James R., Foiadelli, Luca, Fontaine, Mark R., Fontanella, Erin Marie, Forshay, Peter Randolph, Fortner, Elizabeth A., Fox, Ori D., Framarini, Alexandro P., Francisco, John I., Franck, Randy, Franx, Marijn, Franz, David E., Friedman, Scott D., Friend, Katheryn E., Frost, James R., Fu, Henry, Fullerton, Alexander W., Gaillard, Lionel, Galkin, Sergey, Gallagher, Ben, Galyer, Anthony D., Marín, Macarena García, Gardner, Lisa E., Garland, Dennis, Garrett, Bruce Albert, Gasman, Danny, Gáspár, András, Gastaud, René, Gaudreau, Daniel, Gauthier, Peter Timothy, Geers, Vincent, Geithner, Paul H., Gennaro, Mario, Gerber, John, Gereau, John C., Giampaoli, Robert, Giardino, Giovanna, Gibbons, Paul C., Gilbert, Karolina, Gilman, Larry, Girard, Julien H., Giuliano, Mark E., Gkountis, Konstantinos, Glasse, Alistair, Glassmire, Kirk Zachary, Glauser, Adrian Michael, Glazer, Stuart D., Goldberg, Joshua, Golimowski, David A., Gonzaga, Shireen P., Gordon, Karl D., Gordon, Shawn J., Goudfrooij, Paul, Gough, Michael J., Graham, Adrian J., Grau, Christopher M., Green, Joel David, Greene, Gretchen R., Greene, Thomas P., Greenfield, Perry E., Greenhouse, Matthew A., Greve, Thomas R., Greville, Edgar M., Grimaldi, Stefano, Groe, Frank E., Groebner, Andrew, Grumm, David M., Grundy, Timothy, Güdel, Manuel, Guillard, Pierre, Guldalian, John, Gunn, Christopher A., Gurule, Anthony, Gutman, Irvin Meyer, Guy, Paul D., Guyot, Benjamin, Hack, Warren J., Haderlein, Peter, Hagan, James B., Hagedorn, Andria, Hainline, Kevin, Haley, Craig, Hami, Maryam, Hamilton, Forrest Clifford, Hammann, Jeffrey, Hammel, Heidi B., Hanley, Christopher J., Hansen, Carl August, Hardy, Bruce, Harnisch, Bernd, Harr, Michael Hunter, Harris, Pamela, Hart, Jessica Ann, Hartig, George F., Hasan, Hashima, Hashim, Kathleen Marie, Hashimoto, Ryan, Haskins, Sujee J., Hawkins, Robert Edward, Hayden, Brian, Hayden, William L., Healy, Mike, Hecht, Karen, Heeg, Vince J., Hejal, Reem, Helm, Kristopher A., Hengemihle, Nicholas J., Henning, Thomas, Henry, Alaina, Henry, Ronald L., Henshaw, Katherine, Hernandez, Scarlin, Herrington, Donald C., Heske, Astrid, Hesman, Brigette Emily, Hickey, David L., Hilbert, Bryan N., Hines, Dean C., Hinz, Michael R., Hirsch, Michael, Hitcho, Robert S., Hodapp, Klaus, Hodge, Philip E., Hoffman, Melissa, Holfeltz, Sherie T., Holler, Bryan Jason, Hoppa, Jennifer Rose, Horner, Scott, Howard, Joseph M., Howard, Richard J., Huber, Jean M., Hunkeler, Joseph S., Hunter, Alexander, Hunter, David Gavin, Hurd, Spencer W., Hurst, Brendan J., Hutchings, John B., Hylan, Jason E., Ignat, Luminita Ilinca, Illingworth, Garth, Irish, Sandra M., Isaacs III, John C., Jackson Jr., Wallace C., Jaffe, Daniel T., Jahic, Jasmin, Jahromi, Amir, Jakobsen, Peter, James, Bryan, James, John C., James, LeAndrea Rae, Jamieson, William Brian, Jandra, Raymond D., Jayawardhana, Ray, Jedrzejewski, Robert, Jeffers, Basil S., Jensen, Peter, Joanne, Egges, Johns, Alan T., Johnson, Carl A., Johnson, Eric L., Johnson, Patricia, Johnson, Phillip Stephen, Johnson, Thomas K., Johnson, Timothy W., Johnstone, Doug, Jollet, Delphine, Jones, Danny P., Jones, Gregory S., Jones, Olivia C., Jones, Ronald A., Jones, Vicki, Jordan, Ian J., Jordan, Margaret E., Jue, Reginald, Jurkowski, Mark H., Justis, Grant, Justtanont, Kay, Kaleida, Catherine C., Kalirai, Jason S., Kalmanson, Phillip Cabrales, Kaltenegger, Lisa, Kammerer, Jens, Kan, Samuel K., Kanarek, Graham Childs, Kao, Shaw-Hong, Karakla, Diane M., Karl, Hermann, Kassin, Susan A., Kauffman, David D., Kavanagh, Patrick, Kelley, Leigh L., Kelly, Douglas M., Kendrew, Sarah, Kennedy, Herbert V., Kenny, Deborah A., Keski-Kuha, Ritva A., Keyes, Charles D., Khan, Ali, Kidwell, Richard C., Kimble, Randy A., King, James S., King, Richard C., Kinzel, Wayne M., Kirk, Jeffrey R., Kirkpatrick, Marc E., Klaassen, Pamela, Klingemann, Lana, Klintworth, Paul U., Knapp, Bryan Adam, Knight, Scott, Knollenberg, Perry J., Knutsen, Daniel Mark, Koehler, Robert, Koekemoer, Anton M., Kofler, Earl T., Kontson, Vicki L., Kovacs, Aiden Rose, Kozhurina-Platais, Vera, Krause, Oliver, Kriss, Gerard A., Krist, John, Kristoffersen, Monica R., Krogel, Claudia, Krueger, Anthony P., Kulp, Bernard A., Kumari, Nimisha, Kwan, Sandy W., Kyprianou, Mark, Labador, Aurora Gadiano, Labiano, Álvaro, Lafrenière, David, Lagage, Pierre-Olivier, Laidler, Victoria G., Laine, Benoit, Laird, Simon, Lajoie, Charles-Philippe, Lallo, Matthew D., Lam, May Yen, LaMassa, Stephanie Marie, Lambros, Scott D., Lampenfield, Richard Joseph, Lander, Matthew Ed, Langston, James Hutton, Larson, Kirsten, Larson, Melora, LaVerghetta, Robert Joseph, Law, David R., Lawrence, Jon F., Lee, David W., Lee, Janice, Lee, Yat-Ning Paul, Leisenring, Jarron, Leveille, Michael Dunlap, Levenson, Nancy A., Levi, Joshua S., Levine, Marie B., Lewis, Dan, Lewis, Jake, Lewis, Nikole, Libralato, Mattia, Lidon, Norbert, Liebrecht, Paula Louisa, Lightsey, Paul, Lilly, Simon, Lim, Frederick C., Lim, Pey Lian, Ling, Sai-Kwong, Link, Lisa J., Link, Miranda Nicole, Lipinski, Jamie L., Liu, XiaoLi, Lo, Amy S., Lobmeyer, Lynette, Logue, Ryan M., Long, Chris A., Long, Douglas R., Long, Ilana D., Long, Knox S., López-Caniego, Marcos, Lotz, Jennifer M., Love-Pruitt, Jennifer M., Lubskiy, Michael, Luers, Edward B., Luetgens, Robert A., Luevano, Annetta J., Lui, Sarah Marie G. Flores, Lund III, James M., Lundquist, Ray A., Lunine, Jonathan, Lützgendorf, Nora, Lynch, Richard J., MacDonald, Alex J., MacDonald, Kenneth, Macias, Matthew J., Macklis, Keith I., Maghami, Peiman, Maharaja, Rishabh Y., Maiolino, Roberto, Makrygiannis, Konstantinos G., Malla, Sunita Giri, Malumuth, Eliot M., Manjavacas, Elena, Marini, Andrea, Marrione, Amanda, Marston, Anthony, Martel, André R, Martin, Didier, Martin, Peter G., Martinez, Kristin L., Maschmann, Marc, Masci, Gregory L., Masetti, Margaret E., Maszkiewicz, Michael, Matthews, Gary, Matuskey, Jacob E., McBrayer, Glen A., McCarthy, Donald W., McCaughrean, Mark J., McClare, Leslie A., McClare, Michael D., McCloskey, John C., McClurg, Taylore D., McCoy, Martin, McElwain, Michael W., McGregor, Roy D., McGuffey, Douglas B., McKay, Andrew G., McKenzie, William K., McLean, Brian, McMaster, Matthew, McNeil, Warren, De Meester, Wim, Mehalick, Kimberly L., Meixner, Margaret, Meléndez, Marcio, Menzel, Michael P., Menzel, Michael T., Merz, Matthew, Mesterharm, David D., Meyer, Michael R., Meyett, Michele L., Meza, Luis E., Midwinter, Calvin, Milam, Stefanie N., Miller, Jay Todd, Miller, William C., Miskey, Cherie L., Misselt, Karl, Mitchell, Eileen P., Mohan, Martin, Montoya, Emily E., Moran, Michael J., Morishita, Takahiro, Moro-Martín, Amaya, Morrison, Debra L., Morrison, Jane, Morse, Ernie C., Moschos, Michael, Moseley, S. H., Mosier, Gary E., Mosner, Peter, Mountain, Matt, Muckenthaler, Jason S., Mueller, Donald G., Mueller, Migo, Muhiem, Daniella, Mühlmann, Prisca, Mullally, Susan Elizabeth, Mullen, Stephanie M., Munger, Alan J, Murphy, Jess, Murray, Katherine T., Muzerolle, James C., Mycroft, Matthew, Myers, Andrew, Myers, Carey R., Myers, Fred Richard R., Myers, Richard, Myrick, Kaila, Nagle IV, Adrian F., Nayak, Omnarayani, Naylor, Bret, Neff, Susan G., Nelan, Edmund P., Nella, John, Nguyen, Duy Tuong, Nguyen, Michael N., Nickson, Bryony, Nidhiry, John Joseph, Niedner, Malcolm B., Nieto-Santisteban, Maria, Nikolov, Nikolay K., Nishisaka, Mary Ann, Nota, Antonella, O'Mara, Robyn C., Oboryshko, Michael, O'Brien, Marcus B., Ochs, William R., Offenberg, Joel D., Ogle, Patrick Michael, Ohl, Raymond G., Olmsted, Joseph Hamden, Osborne, Shannon Barbara, O'Shaughnessy, Brian Patrick, Östlin, Göran, O'Sullivan, Brian, Otor, O. Justin, Ottens, Richard, Ouellette, Nathalie N. -Q., Outlaw, Daria J., Owens, Beverly A., Pacifici, Camilla, Page, James Christophe, Paranilam, James G., Park, Sang, Parrish, Keith A., Paschal, Laura, Patapis, Polychronis, Patel, Jignasha, Patrick, Keith, Pattishall Jr., Robert A., Paul, Douglas William, Paul, Shirley J., Pauly, Tyler Andrew, Pavlovsky, Cheryl M., Peña-Guerrero, Maria, Pedder, Andrew H., Peek, Matthew Weldon, Pelham, Patricia A., Penanen, Konstantin, Perriello, Beth A., Perrin, Marshall D., Perrine, Richard F., Perrygo, Chuck, Peslier, Muriel, Petach, Michael, Peterson, Karla A., Pfarr, Tom, Pierson, James M., Pietraszkiewicz, Martin, Pilchen, Guy, Pipher, Judy L., Pirzkal, Norbert, Pitman, Joseph T., Player, Danielle M., Plesha, Rachel, Plitzke, Anja, Pohner, John A., Poletis, Karyn Konstantin, Pollizzi, Joseph A., Polster, Ethan, Pontius, James T., Pontoppidan, Klaus, Porges, Susana C., Potter, Gregg D., Prescott, Stephen, Proffitt, Charles R., Pueyo, Laurent, Neira, Irma Aracely Quispe, Radich, Armando, Rager, Reiko T., Rameau, Julien, Ramey, Deborah D., Alarcon, Rafael Ramos, Rampini, Riccardo, Rapp, Robert, Rashford, Robert A., Rauscher, Bernard J., Ravindranath, Swara, Rawle, Timothy, Rawlings, Tynika N., Ray, Tom, Regan, Michael W., Rehm, Brian, Rehm, Kenneth D., Reid, Neill, Reis, Carl A., Renk, Florian, Reoch, Tom B., Ressler, Michael, Rest, Armin W., Reynolds, Paul J., Richon, Joel G., Richon, Karen V., Ridgaway, Michael, Riedel, Adric Richard, Rieke, George H., Rieke, Marcia, Rifelli, Richard E., Rigby, Jane R., Riggs, Catherine S., Ringel, Nancy J., Ritchie, Christine E., Rix, Hans-Walter, Robberto, Massimo, Robinson, Michael S., Robinson, Orion, Rock, Frank W., Rodriguez, David R., del Pino, Bruno Rodríguez, Roellig, Thomas, Rohrbach, Scott O., Roman, Anthony J., Romelfanger, Frederick J., Romo Jr., Felipe P., Rosales, Jose J., Rose, Perry, Roteliuk, Anthony F., Roth, Marc N., Rothwell, Braden Quinn, Rouzaud, Sylvain, Rowe, Jason, Rowlands, Neil, Roy, Arpita, Royer, Pierre, Rui, Chunlei, Rumler, Peter, Rumpl, William, Russ, Melissa L., Ryan, Michael B., Ryan, Richard M., Saad, Karl, Sabata, Modhumita, Sabatino, Rick, Sabbi, Elena, Sabelhaus, Phillip A., Sabia, Stephen, Sahu, Kailash C., Saif, Babak N., Salvignol, Jean-Christophe, Samara-Ratna, Piyal, Samuelson, Bridget S., Sanders, Felicia A., Sappington, Bradley, Sargent, B. A., Sauer, Arne, Savadkin, Bruce J., Sawicki, Marcin, Schappell, Tina M., Scheffer, Caroline, Scheithauer, Silvia, Scherer, Ron, Schiff, Conrad, Schlawin, Everett, Schmeitzky, Olivier, Schmitz, Tyler S., Schmude, Donald J., Schneider, Analyn, Schreiber, Jürgen, Schroeven-Deceuninck, Hilde, Schultz, John J., Schwab, Ryan, Schwartz, Curtis H., Scoccimarro, Dario, Scott, John F., Scott, Michelle B., Seaton, Bonita L., Seely, Bruce S., Seery, Bernard, Seidleck, Mark, Sembach, Kenneth, Shanahan, Clare Elizabeth, Shaughnessy, Bryan, Shaw, Richard A., Shay, Christopher Michael, Sheehan, Even, Sheth, Kartik, Shih, Hsin-Yi, Shivaei, Irene, Siegel, Noah, Sienkiewicz, Matthew G., Simmons, Debra D., Simon, Bernard P., Sirianni, Marco, Sivaramakrishnan, Anand, Slade, Jeffrey E., Sloan, G. C., Slocum, Christine E., Slowinski, Steven E., Smith, Corbett T., Smith, Eric P., Smith, Erin C., Smith, Koby, Smith, Robert, Smith, Stephanie J., Smolik, John L., Soderblom, David R., Sohn, Sangmo Tony, Sokol, Jeff, Sonneborn, George, Sontag, Christopher D., Sooy, Peter R., Soummer, Remi, Southwood, Dana M., Spain, Kay, Sparmo, Joseph, Speer, David T., Spencer, Richard, Sprofera, Joseph D., Stallcup, Scott S., Stanley, Marcia K., Stansberry, John A., Stark, Christopher C., Starr, Carl W., Stassi, Diane Y., Steck, Jane A., Steeley, Christine D., Stephens, Matthew A., Stephenson, Ralph J., Stewart, Alphonso C., Stiavelli, Massimo, Stockman Jr., Hervey, Strada, Paolo, Straughn, Amber N., Streetman, Scott, Strickland, David Kendal, Strobele, Jingping F., Stuhlinger, Martin, Stys, Jeffrey Edward, Such, Miguel, Sukhatme, Kalyani, Sullivan, Joseph F., Sullivan, Pamela C., Sumner, Sandra M., Sun, Fengwu, Sunnquist, Benjamin Dale, Swade, Daryl Allen, Swam, Michael S., Swenton, Diane F., Swoish, Robby A., Litten, Oi In Tam, Tamas, Laszlo, Tao, Andrew, Taylor, David K., Taylor, Joanna M., Plate, Maurice te, Van Tea, Mason, Teague, Kelly K., Telfer, Randal C., Temim, Tea, Texter, Scott C., Thatte, Deepashri G., Thompson, Christopher Lee, Thompson, Linda M., Thomson, Shaun R., Thronson, Harley, Tierney, C. M., Tikkanen, Tuomo, Tinnin, Lee, Tippet, William Thomas, Todd, Connor William, Tran, Hien D., Trauger, John, Trejo, Edwin Gregorio, Truong, Justin Hoang Vinh, Tsukamoto, Christine L., Tufail, Yasir, Tumlinson, Jason, Tustain, Samuel, Tyra, Harrison, Ubeda, Leonardo, Underwood, Kelli, Uzzo, Michael A., Vaclavik, Steven, Valenduc, Frida, Valenti, Jeff A., Van Campen, Julie, van de Wetering, Inge, Van Der Marel, Roeland P., van Haarlem, Remy, Vandenbussche, Bart, Vanterpool, Dona D., Vernoy, Michael R., Costas, Maria Begoña Vila, Volk, Kevin, Voorzaat, Piet, Voyton, Mark F., Vydra, Ekaterina, Waddy, Darryl J., Waelkens, Christoffel, Wahlgren, Glenn Michael, Walker Jr., Frederick E., Wander, Michel, Warfield, Christine K., Warner, Gerald, Wasiak, Francis C., Wasiak, Matthew F., Wehner, James, Weiler, Kevin R., Weilert, Mark, Weiss, Stanley B., Wells, Martyn, Welty, Alan D., Wheate, Lauren, Wheeler, Thomas P., White, Christy L., Whitehouse, Paul, Whiteleather, Jennifer Margaret, Whitman, William Russell, Williams, Christina C., Willmer, Christopher N. A., Willott, Chris J., Willoughby, Scott P., Wilson, Andrew, Wilson, Debra, Wilson, Donna V., Windhorst, Rogier, Wislowski, Emily Christine, Wolfe, David J., Wolfe, Michael A., Wolff, Schuyler, Wondel, Amancio, Woo, Cindy, Woods, Robert T., Worden, Elaine, Workman, William, Wright, Gillian S., Wu, Carl, Wu, Chi-Rai, Wun, Dakin D., Wymer, Kristen B., Yadetie, Thomas, Yan, Isabelle C., Yang, Keith C., Yates, Kayla L., Yeager, Christopher R., Yerger, Ethan John, Young, Erick T., Young, Gary, Yu, Gene, Yu, Susan, Zak, Dean S., Zeidler, Peter, Zepp, Robert, Zhou, Julia, Zincke, Christian A., Zonak, Stephanie, and Zondag, Elisabeth

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies, expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least $4m$. With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000 people realized that vision as the $6.5m$ James Webb Space Telescope. A generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of the mission, potentially as long as 20 years, and beyond. This report and the scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000 team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit., Comment: Accepted by PASP for the special issue on The James Webb Space Telescope Overview, 29 pages, 4 figures

Published
2023
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10. A vascular syphilitic iris lesion.

Author

Chen, Judy L, Tessema, Ruth, Emami-Naeini, Parisa, and Lim, Michele C

Subjects
Anterior segment optical coherence tomography, Granulomatous uveitis, Iris lesion, Syphilis, Ultrasound biomicroscopy, Clinical Research, Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision, Biomedical Imaging
Abstract

PurposeTo describe examination and imaging characteristics of presumed iris papulosa in a case of ocular syphilis.ObservationsA 60-year-old man who presented with granulomatous anterior uveitis in his left eye was also noted to have an unusual vascularized iris papule associated with posterior synechiae at the nasal pupillary margin. Anterior segment OCT (AS-OCT) of the iris lesion demonstrated a hyperreflective anterior surface with multiple vascular lumen, internal hyperreflectivity, and shadowing. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) imaging revealed an echodense mass with relative hyperechogenicity in the anterior portion of the lesion. Systemic work-up confirmed a diagnosis of syphilis, and he was treated with topical steroids and parenteral penicillin.Conclusion and importanceWe characterize the rare finding of iris papulosa that may be encountered in syphilitic uveitis and its distinctive features on both UBM and AS-OCT. This report highlights that syphilis should be considered as a possible diagnosis for an undifferentiated vascular iris mass.

Published
2023

11. International Consensus Statement on Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Author

Chang, Jolie L, Goldberg, Andrew N, Alt, Jeremiah A, Mohammed, Alzoubaidi, Ashbrook, Liza, Auckley, Dennis, Ayappa, Indu, Bakhtiar, Hira, Barrera, José E, Bartley, Bethany L, Billings, Martha E, Boon, Maurits S, Bosschieter, Pien, Braverman, Itzhak, Brodie, Kara, Cabrera‐Muffly, Cristina, Caesar, Ray, Cahali, Michel B, Cai, Yi, Cao, Michelle, Capasso, Robson, Caples, Sean M, Chahine, Lana M, Chang, Corissa P, Chang, Katherine W, Chaudhary, Nilika, Cheong, Crystal SJ, Chowdhuri, Susmita, Cistulli, Peter A, Claman, David, Collen, Jacob, Coughlin, Kevin C, Creamer, Jennifer, Davis, Eric M, Dupuy‐McCauley, Kara L, Durr, Megan L, Dutt, Mohan, Ali, Mazen El, Elkassabany, Nabil M, Epstein, Lawrence J, Fiala, Justin A, Freedman, Neil, Gill, Kirat, Gillespie, M Boyd, Golisch, Lea, Gooneratne, Nalaka, Gottlieb, Daniel J, Green, Katherine K, Gulati, Arushi, Gurubhagavatula, Indira, Hayward, Nathan, Hoff, Paul T, Hoffmann, Oliver MG, Holfinger, Steven J, Hsia, Jennifer, Huntley, Colin, Huoh, Kevin C, Huyett, Phillip, Inala, Sanjana, Ishman, Stacey L, Jella, Tarun K, Jobanputra, Aesha M, Johnson, Andrew P, Junna, Mithri R, Kado, Jenna T, Kaffenberger, Thomas M, Kapur, Vishesh K, Kezirian, Eric J, Khan, Meena, Kirsch, Douglas B, Kominsky, Alan, Kryger, Meir, Krystal, Andrew D, Kushida, Clete A, Kuzniar, Thomas J, Lam, Derek J, Lettieri, Christopher J, Lim, Diane C, Lin, Hsin‐Ching, Liu, Stanley YC, MacKay, Stuart G, Magalang, Ulysses J, Malhotra, Atul, Mansukhani, Meghna P, Maurer, Joachim T, May, Anna M, Mitchell, Ron B, Mokhlesi, Babak, Mullins, Anna E, Nada, Eman M, Naik, Sreelatha, Nokes, Brandon, Olson, Michael D, Pack, Allan I, Pang, Edward B, Pang, Kenny P, Patil, Susheel P, Van de Perck, Eli, Piccirillo, Jay F, and Pien, Grace W

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine and Haematology, Health Services, Lung, Sleep Research, Clinical Research, Prevention, Respiratory, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Humans, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive, Continuous Positive Airway Pressure, Polysomnography, Risk Factors, atrial fibrillation, cardiovascular event, cerebrovascular disease, consensus, dementia, evidence-based medicine, home sleep apnea testing, hypertension, hypoglossal nerve stimulation, mortality, motor vehicle accidents, neurocognitive function, obstructive sleep apnea, outcomes, PAP adherence, perioperative management, polysomnography, positive airway pressure, screening, sleep, sleep disordered breathing, sleepiness, sleep surgery, surgical outcomes, systematic review, treatment outcomes, uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, Immunology, Clinical sciences
Abstract

BackgroundEvaluation and interpretation of the literature on obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) allows for consolidation and determination of the key factors important for clinical management of the adult OSA patient. Toward this goal, an international collaborative of multidisciplinary experts in sleep apnea evaluation and treatment have produced the International Consensus statement on Obstructive Sleep Apnea (ICS:OSA).MethodsUsing previously defined methodology, focal topics in OSA were assigned as literature review (LR), evidence-based review (EBR), or evidence-based review with recommendations (EBR-R) formats. Each topic incorporated the available and relevant evidence which was summarized and graded on study quality. Each topic and section underwent iterative review and the ICS:OSA was created and reviewed by all authors for consensus.ResultsThe ICS:OSA addresses OSA syndrome definitions, pathophysiology, epidemiology, risk factors for disease, screening methods, diagnostic testing types, multiple treatment modalities, and effects of OSA treatment on multiple OSA-associated comorbidities. Specific focus on outcomes with positive airway pressure (PAP) and surgical treatments were evaluated.ConclusionThis review of the literature consolidates the available knowledge and identifies the limitations of the current evidence on OSA. This effort aims to create a resource for OSA evidence-based practice and identify future research needs. Knowledge gaps and research opportunities include improving the metrics of OSA disease, determining the optimal OSA screening paradigms, developing strategies for PAP adherence and longitudinal care, enhancing selection of PAP alternatives and surgery, understanding health risk outcomes, and translating evidence into individualized approaches to therapy.

Published
2023

12. Benign ovarian mass

Author

Geomini, Peggy M. A. J., van Gorp, Toon, Lim, Arianne C., Steegers, Eric A.P., editor, de Groot, Christianne J.M., editor, Hilders, Carina G.J.M., editor, Hoek, Annemieke, editor, Jaddoe, Vincent W.V., editor, Schoenmakers, Sam, editor, and Zweemer, Ronald P., editor

Published
2024
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13. All-electrical skyrmionic magnetic tunnel junction

Author

Chen, Shaohai, Lourembam, James, Ho, Pin, Toh, Alexander K. J., Huang, Jifei, Chen, Xiaoye, Tan, Hang Khume, Yap, Sherry L. K., Lim, Royston J. J., Tan, Hui Ru, Suraj, T. S., Sim, May Inn, Toh, Yeow Teck, Lim, Idayu, Lim, Nelson C. B., Zhou, Jing, Chung, Hong Jing, Lim, Sze Ter, and Soumyanarayanan, Anjan

Published
2024
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17. Improved coherent one-way quantum key distribution for high-loss channels

Author

Lavie, Emilien and Lim, Charles C. -W.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

The coherent one-way (COW) quantum key distribution (QKD) is a highly practical quantum communication protocol that is currently deployed in off-the-shelves products. However, despite its simplicity and widespread use, the security of COW-QKD is still an open problem. This is largely due to its unique security feature based on inter-signal phase distribution, which makes it very difficult to analyze using standard security proof techniques. Here, to overcome this problem, we present a simple variant of COW-QKD and prove its security in the infinite-key limit. The proposed modifications only involve an additional vacuum tail signal following every encoded signal and a balanced beam-splitter for passive measurement basis choice. Remarkably, the resulting key rate of our protocol is comparable with both the existing upper-bound on COW-QKD key rate and the secure key rate of the coherent-state BB84 protocol. Our findings therefore suggest that the secured deployment of COW-QKD systems in high loss optical networks is indeed feasible with minimal adaptations applied to its hardware and software., Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures. All comments are welcome

Published
2022
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18. Provably-secure randomness generation from switching probability of magnetic tunnel junctions

Author

Ng, Hong Jie, Yang, Shuhan, Yao, Zhaoyang, Yang, Hyunsoo, and Lim, Charles C. -W.

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Computer Science - Emerging Technologies
Abstract

In recent years, true random number generators (TRNGs) based on magnetic tunnelling junction (MTJ) have become increasingly attractive. This is because MTJ-based TRNGs offer some advantages over traditional CMOS-based TRNGs, such as smaller area and simpler structure. However, there has been no work thus far that quantified the quality of the raw output of an MTJ-based TRNG and performed suitable randomness extraction to produce provably-secure random bits, unlike their CMOS-based counterparts. In this work, we implement an MTJ-based TRNG and characterise the entropy of the raw output. Using this information, we perform post-processing to extract a set of random bits which are provably-secure., Comment: 6 pages, all comments are welcome

Published
2022
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19. Security of device-independent quantum key distribution protocols: a review

Author

Primaatmaja, Ignatius W., Goh, Koon Tong, Tan, Ernest Y. -Z., Khoo, John T. -F., Ghorai, Shouvik, and Lim, Charles C. -W.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

Device-independent quantum key distribution (DI-QKD) is often seen as the ultimate key exchange protocol in terms of security, as it can be performed securely with uncharacterised black-box devices. The advent of DI-QKD closes several loopholes and side-channels that plague current QKD systems. While implementing DI-QKD protocols is technically challenging, there have been recent proof-of-principle demonstrations, resulting from the progress made in both theory and experiments. In this review, we will provide an introduction to DI-QKD, an overview of the related experiments performed, and the theory and techniques required to analyse its security. We conclude with an outlook on future DI-QKD research., Comment: Review article, 47 pages, 3 figures. Accepted in Quantum

Published
2022
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21. Grounding, Framing, and Problematising Research in Online, Distance and Digital Education

Author

Lim, David C. L., Zawacki-Richter, Olaf, and Jung, Insung

Abstract

Purpose: This paper engages Olaf Zawacki-Richter and Insung Jung in a frank and penetrating conversation that seeks to ground, frame, and problematise research in the field conceptualised as "open, distance and digital education" (ODDE). Taking as starting point the recent publication of the landmark "Handbook of Open, Distance, and Digital Education" (2022), it segues into a broad critique of the shortcomings of ODDE research, the importance of knowledge production on the meso- and macro-levels, the autonomy of ODDE as a field coming into its own, the place of postfoundationalism in ODDE discourse, and related topics that are pivotal in ODDE today. Design/methodology/approach: The semi-structured interview was employed as the primary qualitative research method. Findings: The research imperative of the relatively young but complex field of ODDE today is not the incessant reiteration of the same but rather a strategic reorientation that, first, circumvents the well-documented yet too-often-overlooked shortcomings of ODDE research and, second, promotes transboundary collaborations with the potential for system-wide impact. Originality/value: This novel interview-based critique of ODDE research demonstrates that extending the scholarly discourse beyond the conventional report format is a productive method for enriching conversations on ODDE and vitalising the field itself.

Published
2023
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22. Experimental device-independent quantum key distribution between distant users

Author

Zhang, Wei, van Leent, Tim, Redeker, Kai, Garthoff, Robert, Schwonnek, Rene, Fertig, Florian, Eppelt, Sebastian, Scarani, Valerio, Lim, Charles C. -W., and Weinfurter, Harald

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

Device-independent quantum key distribution (DIQKD) is the art of using untrusted devices to establish secret keys over an untrusted channel. So far, the real-world implementation of DIQKD remains a major challenge, as it requires the demonstration of a loophole-free Bell test across two remote locations with very high quality entanglement to ensure secure key exchange. Here, we demonstrate for the first time the distribution of a secure key -- based on asymptotic security estimates -- in a fully device-independent way between two users separated by 400 metres. The experiment is based on heralded entanglement between two independently trapped single Rubidium 87 atoms. The implementation of a robust DIQKD protocol indicates an expected secret key rate of r=0.07 per entanglement generation event and r>0 with a probability error of 3%. Furthermore, we analyse the experiment's capability to distribute a secret key with finite-size security against collective attacks., Comment: 16 pages

Published
2021
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25. Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infections Among Emergency Health Care Personnel: Impact on Delivery of United States Emergency Medical Care, 2020

Author

Bahamon, Monica, Carlson, Jestin N., Chisolm-Straker, Makini, Driver, Brian, Faine, Brett, Fuller, Brian M., Galbraith, James, Haran, John P., Higgins, Amanda, Hinson, Jeremiah, House, Stacey, Idris, Ahamed H., Kean, Efrat, Krebs, Elizabeth, Kurz, Michael C., Lee, Lilly, Liang, Stephen Y., Lim, Stephen C., Montoy, Juan Carlos, Rodriguez, Robert M., Moran, Gregory, Nandi, Utsav, Pathmarajah, Kavitha, Paxton, James H., Perez, Yesenia, Richardson, Lynne D., Rothman, Richard, Schrading, Walter A., Shuck, Jessica, Slev, Patricia, Smithline, Howard A., Romain, Michelle St., Souffront, Kimberly, Steele, Mark T., Stubbs, Amy, Swanson, Morgan B., Tiao, Josh, Torres, Jesus R., Trent, Stacy A., Uribe, Lisandra, Venkat, Arvind, Volturo, Gregory, Willey, James, Weber, Kurt D., Mower, William, Krishnadasan, Anusha, Mohr, Nicholas M., Giordano, Philip A., Eyck, Patrick Ten, Harland, Karisa K., Wallace, Kelli, McDonald, Lawrence Clifford, Kutty, Preeta K., Hesse, Elisabeth M., and Talan, David A.

Published
2024
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26. Experimental symmetric private information retrieval with measurement-device-independent quantum network

Author

Wang, Chao, Kon, Wen Yu, Ng, Hong Jie, and Lim, Charles C. -W.

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Computer Science - Cryptography and Security
Abstract

Secure information retrieval is an essential task in today's highly digitised society. In some applications, it may be necessary that user query's privacy and database content's security are enforced. For these settings, symmetric private information retrieval (SPIR) could be employed, but its implementation is known to be demanding, requiring a private key-exchange network as the base layer. Here, we report for the first time a realisation of provably-secure SPIR supported by a quantum-secure key-exchange network. The SPIR scheme looks at biometric security, offering secure retrieval of 582-byte fingerprint files from a database with 800 entries. Our experimental results clearly demonstrate the feasibility of SPIR with quantum secure communications, thereby opening up new possibilities in secure distributed data storage and cloud computing over the future Quantum Internet.

Published
2021

28. Cholinergic receptor binding in unimpaired older adults, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer’s disease dementia

Author

Sultzer, David L, Lim, Aaron C, Gordon, Hailey L, Yarns, Brandon C, and Melrose, Rebecca J

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Health Sciences, Brain Disorders, Dementia, Acquired Cognitive Impairment, Alzheimer's Disease, Alzheimer's Disease including Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD), Clinical Research, Behavioral and Social Science, Neurosciences, Neurodegenerative, Aging, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Neurological, Mental health, Aged, Alzheimer Disease, Cognition Disorders, Cognitive Dysfunction, Humans, Neuropsychological Tests, Positron-Emission Tomography, Cholinergic receptors, Mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, Cognitive aging, Alzheimer’s disease, Medical and Health Sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

BackgroundCholinergic neurotransmitter system dysfunction contributes to cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease and other syndromes. However, the specific cholinergic mechanisms and brain structures involved, time course of alterations, and relationships with specific cognitive deficits are not well understood.MethodsThis study included 102 older adults: 42 cognitively unimpaired (CU), 28 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 32 with Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. Each participant underwent a neuropsychological assessment. Regional brain α4β2 nicotinic cholinergic receptor binding (VT/fp) was measured using 2-[18F]fluoro-3-(2(S)azetidinylmethoxy)pyridine (2FA) and PET imaging. Voxel-wise analyses of group differences were performed. Relationships between receptor binding and cognition, age, and cholinesterase inhibitor medication use were assessed using binding values in six prespecified regions of interest.ResultsSPM analysis showed the group VT/fp binding differences in the bilateral entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, insula, anterior cingulate, thalamus, and basal ganglia (p

Published
2022

29. Facemasks: Perceptions and use in an ED population during COVID-19

Author

Eswaran, Vidya, Chang, Anna Marie, Wilkerson, R Gentry, O’Laughlin, Kelli N, Chinnock, Brian, Eucker, Stephanie A, Baumann, Brigitte M, Anaya, Nancy, Miller, Daniel G, Haggins, Adrianne N, Torres, Jesus R, Anderson, Erik S, Lim, Stephen C, Caldwell, Martina T, Raja, Ali S, and Rodriguez, Robert M

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Behavioral and Social Science, Clinical Research, Good Health and Well Being, COVID-19, Cross-Sectional Studies, Emergency Service, Hospital, Humans, Masks, SARS-CoV-2, REVVED-UP Investigators, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Study objectiveFacemask use is associated with reduced transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Most surveys assessing perceptions and practices of mask use miss the most vulnerable racial, ethnic, and socio-economic populations. These same populations have suffered disproportionate impacts from the pandemic. The purpose of this study was to assess beliefs, access, and practices of mask wearing across 15 urban emergency department (ED) populations.MethodsThis was a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study of ED patients from December 2020 to March 2021 at 15 geographically diverse, safety net EDs across the US. The primary outcome was frequency of mask use outside the home and around others. Other outcome measures included having enough masks and difficulty obtaining them.ResultsOf 2,575 patients approached, 2,301 (89%) agreed to participate; nine had missing data pertaining to the primary outcome, leaving 2,292 included in the final analysis. A total of 79% of respondents reported wearing masks "all of the time" and 96% reported wearing masks over half the time. Subjects with PCPs were more likely to report wearing masks over half the time compared to those without PCPs (97% vs 92%). Individuals experiencing homelessness were less likely to wear a mask over half the time compared to those who were housed (81% vs 96%).ConclusionsStudy participants reported high rates of facemask use. Respondents who did not have PCPs and those who were homeless were less likely to report wearing a mask over half the time and more likely to report barriers in obtaining masks. The ED may serve a critical role in education regarding, and provision of, masks for vulnerable populations.

Published
2022

30. Tempered Fractional Brownian Motion with Variable Index and Variable Tempering Parameter

Author

Lim, S. C. and Eab, Chai Hok

Subjects
Mathematics - Probability
Abstract

Generalizations of tempered fractional Brownian from single index to two indices and variable index or tempered multifractional Brownian motion are studied. Tempered fractional Brownian motion and tempered multifractional Brownian motion with variable tempering parameter are considered., Comment: 20 page, 1 figure. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1907.08974

Published
2021

32. The Rapid Evaluation of COVID-19 Vaccination in Emergency Departments for Underserved Patients Study

Author

Rodriguez, Robert M, Torres, Jesus R, Chang, Anna Marie, Haggins, Adrianne N, Eucker, Stephanie A, O’Laughlin, Kelli N, Anderson, Erik, Miller, Daniel G, Wilkerson, R Gentry, Caldwell, Martina, Lim, Stephen C, Raja, Ali S, Baumann, Brigitte M, Graterol, Joseph, Eswaran, Vidya, Chinnock, Brian, Investigators, The REVVED UP, Nichol, Graham, Parry, Blair A, Hunt, Alaina, Kelly, Morgan, Taira, Breena R, Pham, Michael, Tiao, Joshua, Lasko, Kyra, Aivale, Mayuri, Farthing, Alex, Byl, Nicole, Chan, Virginia, Anaya, Nancy, Wong, Angela H, Chadalawada, Bhanu, and Tupetz, Anna

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Immunization, Prevention, Emergency Care, Clinical Research, Vaccine Related, Health Services, Prevention of disease and conditions, and promotion of well-being, 3.4 Vaccines, Generic health relevance, Good Health and Well Being, COVID-19, COVID-19 Vaccines, Cross-Sectional Studies, Emergency Service, Hospital, Female, Health Services Accessibility, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, United States, Vaccination, Vaccination Refusal, Vulnerable Populations, REVVED UP Investigators, Emergency & Critical Care Medicine, Clinical sciences
Abstract

Study objectiveEmergency departments (EDs) often serve vulnerable populations who may lack primary care and have suffered disproportionate COVID-19 pandemic effects. Comparing patients having and lacking a regular source of medical care and other ED patient characteristics, we assessed COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, reasons for not wanting the vaccine, perceived access to vaccine sites, and willingness to get the vaccine as part of ED care.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional survey conducted from December 10, 2020, to March 7, 2021, at 15 safety net US EDs. Primary outcomes were COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, reasons for vaccine hesitancy, and sites (including EDs) for potential COVID-19 vaccine receipt.ResultsOf 2,575 patients approached, 2,301 (89.4%) participated. Of the 18.4% of respondents who lacked a regular source of medical care, 65% used the ED as their usual source of health care. The overall rate of vaccine hesitancy was 39%; the range among the 15 sites was 28% to 58%. Respondents who lacked a regular source of medical care were more commonly vaccine hesitant than those who had a regular source of medical care (47% versus 38%, 9% difference, 95% confidence interval 4% to 14%). Other characteristics associated with greater vaccine hesitancy were younger age, female sex, Black race, Latinx ethnicity, and not having received an influenza vaccine in the past 5 years. Of the 61% who would accept a COVID-19 vaccine, 21% stated that they lacked a primary physician or clinic at which to receive it; the vast majority (95%) of these respondents would accept the COVID-19 vaccine as part of their care in the ED.ConclusionED patients who lack a regular source of medical care are particularly hesitant regarding COVID-19 vaccination. Most COVID-19 vaccine acceptors would accept it as part of their care in the ED. EDs may play pivotal roles in COVID-19 vaccine messaging and delivery to highly vulnerable populations.

Published
2021

34. Improved DIQKD protocols with finite-size analysis

Author

Tan, Ernest Y. -Z., Sekatski, Pavel, Bancal, Jean-Daniel, Schwonnek, René, Renner, Renato, Sangouard, Nicolas, and Lim, Charles C. -W.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

The security of finite-length keys is essential for the implementation of device-independent quantum key distribution (DIQKD). Presently, there are several finite-size DIQKD security proofs, but they are mostly focused on standard DIQKD protocols and do not directly apply to the recent improved DIQKD protocols based on noisy preprocessing, random key measurements, and modified CHSH inequalities. Here, we provide a general finite-size security proof that can simultaneously encompass these approaches, using tighter finite-size bounds than previous analyses. In doing so, we develop a method to compute tight lower bounds on the asymptotic keyrate for any such DIQKD protocol with binary inputs and outputs. With this, we show that positive asymptotic keyrates are achievable up to depolarizing noise values of $9.33\%$, exceeding all previously known noise thresholds. We also develop a modification to random-key-measurement protocols, using a pre-shared seed followed by a "seed recovery" step, which yields substantially higher net key generation rates by essentially removing the sifting factor. Some of our results may also improve the keyrates of device-independent randomness expansion., Comment: Corrected error in Chernoff bound formula

Published
2020
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35. Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution with Random Key Basis

Author

Schwonnek, Rene, Goh, Koon Tong, Primaatmaja, Ignatius W., Tan, Ernest Y. -Z., Wolf, Ramona, Scarani, Valerio, and Lim, Charles C. -W.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

Device-independent quantum key distribution (DIQKD) is the art of using untrusted devices to distribute secret keys in an insecure network. It thus represents the ultimate form of cryptography, offering not only information-theoretic security against channel attacks, but also against attacks exploiting implementation loopholes. In recent years, much progress has been made towards realising the first DIQKD experiments, but current proposals are just out of reach of today's loophole-free Bell experiments. Here, we significantly narrow the gap between the theory and practice of DIQKD with a simple variant of the original protocol based on the celebrated Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) Bell inequality. By using two randomly chosen key generating bases instead of one, we show that our protocol significantly improves over the original DIQKD protocol, enabling positive keys in the high noise regime for the first time. We also compute the finite-key security of the protocol for general attacks, showing that approximately 1E8 to 1E10 measurement rounds are needed to achieve positive rates using state-of-the-art experimental parameters. Our proposed DIQKD protocol thus represents a highly promising path towards the first realisation of DIQKD in practice., Comment: 22 pages;Main article (10 pages); Supplementary Information (12 pages)

Published
2020
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39. Preliminary study of alcohol problem severity and response to brief intervention.

Author

Meredith, Lindsay R, Grodin, Erica N, Karno, Mitchell P, Montoya, Amanda K, MacKillop, James, Lim, Aaron C, and Ray, Lara A

Subjects
Alcohol, Brief intervention, Motivation to change, Problem severity, Public Health and Health Services, Psychology
Abstract

BackgroundFindings have been mixed as to whether brief intervention (BI) is appropriate and effective for individuals with more severe alcohol use problems. Motivation to change drinking has been supported as a mechanism of behavior change for BI. This exploratory study examined aspects of motivation as mechanisms of clinical response to BI and alcohol problem severity as a moderator of treatment effects.MethodsNon-treatment-seeking heavy drinkers (average age = 35 years; 57% male) were randomized to receive BI (n = 27) or attention-matched control (n = 24). Three indices of motivation to change were assessed at baseline and post-intervention: importance, confidence, and readiness. Moderated mediation analyses were implemented with treatment condition as the focal predictor, changes in motivation as mediator, 1-month follow-up drinks per day as the outcome, and an alcohol severity factor as second-stage moderator.ResultsAnalysis of importance displayed a significant effect of intervention condition on importance (p

Published
2021

40. Combined varenicline and naltrexone attenuates alcohol cue-elicited activation in heavy drinking smokers

Author

Grodin, Erica N, Burnette, Elizabeth M, Green, ReJoyce, Lim, Aaron C, Miotto, Karen, and Ray, Lara A

Subjects
Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Alcoholism, Alcohol Use and Health, Substance Misuse, Neurosciences, Clinical Research, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Brain Disorders, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Mental health, Good Health and Well Being, Alcohol Drinking, Alcoholism, Cues, Double-Blind Method, Humans, Naltrexone, Smokers, Varenicline, fMRI, Alcohol cue reactivity, Heavy drinking smoker, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Substance Abuse, Biochemistry and cell biology, Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences, Epidemiology
Abstract

BackgroundThere is a strong bidirectional relationship between the use of alcohol and cigarettes which results in various challenges for treating those who co-use both substances. While varenicline and naltrexone each have FDA-approval for nicotine and alcohol use disorder, respectively, there is evidence that their clinical benefit may extend across the two disorders. Critically, the effect of combined varenicline and naltrexone on neural reactivity to alcohol cues among heavy drinking smokers has not yet been studied. Probing the effect of the combination therapy on alcohol cue-reactivity may give insight to the mechanisms underlying its efficacy.MethodsForty-seven heavy drinking smokers enrolled in two medication studies were randomized to receive varenicline alone (n = 11), varenicline plus naltrexone (n = 11), or placebo (n = 25). Participants completed an fMRI alcohol cue-reactivity task and rated their in-scanner alcohol craving. Whole-brain analyses examined the effect of medication on alcohol cue-elicited neural response.ResultsVarenicline plus naltrexone attenuated alcohol cue-elicited activation in mesolimbic regions relative to varenicline alone and to placebo (Z > 2.3, p

Published
2021

41. Symptoms of Anxiety, Burnout, and PTSD and the Mitigation Effect of Serologic Testing in Emergency Department Personnel During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author

Rodriguez, Robert M, Montoy, Juan Carlos C, Hoth, Karin F, Talan, David A, Harland, Karisa K, Eyck, Patrick Ten, Mower, William, Krishnadasan, Anusha, Santibanez, Scott, Mohr, Nicholas, Network, Project COVERED Emergency Department, Bahamon, Monica, Carlson, Jestin N, Chisolm-Straker, Makini, Driver, Brian, Faine, Brett, Pharm, D, Galbraith, James, Giordano, Philip A, Haran, John P, Higgins, Amanda, Hinson, Jeremiah, House, Stacey, Idris, Ahamed H, Kean, Efrat, Krebs, Elizabeth, Kurz, Michael C, Lee, Lilly, Liang, Stephen Y, Lim, Stephen C, Moran, Gregory, Nandi, Utsav, Pathmarajah, Kavitha, Paxton, James H, Perez, Yesenia, Rothman, Richard, Schrading, Walter A, Shuck, Jessica, Slev, Patricia, Smithline, Howard A, Souffront, Kimberly, Steele, Mark, St. Romain, Michelle, Stubbs, Amy, Swanson, Morgan, Tiao, Josh, Torres, Jesus R, Trent, Stacy, Uribe, Lisandra, Venkat, Arvind, Volturo, Gregory, Wallace, Kelli, and Weber, Kurt D

Subjects
Mind and Body, Brain Disorders, Behavioral and Social Science, Anxiety Disorders, Infectious Diseases, Prevention, Clinical Research, Health Services, Mental Health, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Good Health and Well Being, Anxiety, Burnout, Professional, COVID-19, COVID-19 Testing, Emergency Service, Hospital, Female, Health Personnel, Humans, Male, Pandemics, Prospective Studies, SARS-CoV-2, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, United States, Project COVERED Emergency Department Network, Clinical Sciences, Emergency & Critical Care Medicine
Abstract

Study objectiveAmong a comprehensive range of frontline emergency department health care personnel, we assessed symptoms of anxiety and burnout, specific coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) work-related stressors, and risk for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We also determined whether COVID-19 serologic testing of HCP decreased their self-reported anxiety.MethodsIn a prospective cohort study from May 13, 2020, to July 8, 2020, we used electronic surveys to capture participant self-reported symptoms before and after serologic testing for anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G antibodies. Participants were physicians, nurses, advanced practice providers, and nonclinical ED personnel at 20 geographically diverse United States EDs. We evaluated these domains: 1) the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on overall stress and anxiety; 2) COVID-19-related work stressors; 3) burnout; and 4) PTSD risk (measured using the Primary Care-PTSD Screen for DSM-5, a 5-item screening instrument in which a score of ≥3 signifies high risk for PTSD). We also assessed perceptions of whether results of COVID-19 antibody testing decreased participants' self-reported anxiety.ResultsOf 1,606 participants, 100% and 88% responded to the baseline and follow-up surveys, respectively. At baseline, approximately half (46%) reported symptoms of emotional exhaustion and burnout from their work, and 308 (19.2%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 17.3% to 21.1%) respondents screened positive for increased PTSD risk. Female respondents were more likely than males to screen positive (odds ratio [OR] 2.03, 95% CI 1.49 to 2.78). Common concerns included exposing their family and the health of coworkers diagnosed with COVID-19. After receiving antibody test results, 54% (95% CI 51.8 to 56.7) somewhat agreed, agreed, or strongly agreed that knowledge of their immune status had decreased their anxiety. A positive serology result indicating prior SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with a higher likelihood of reporting decreased anxiety (2.83, 95% CI 1.37 to 5.83).ConclusionSymptoms of anxiety and burnout were prevalent across the spectrum of ED staff during the COVID-19 pandemic. One-fifth of ED personnel appeared to be at risk for PTSD. Increased provision of serologic testing may help to mitigate anxiety.

Published
2021

42. Diagnosed and Undiagnosed COVID-19 in US Emergency Department Health Care Personnel: A Cross-sectional Analysis.

Author

Mohr, Nicholas M, Harland, Karisa K, Krishnadasan, Anusha, Eyck, Patrick Ten, Mower, William R, Willey, James, Chisolm-Straker, Makini, Lim, Stephen C, McDonald, L Clifford, Kutty, Preeta K, Hesse, Elisabeth, Santibanez, Scott, Talan, David A, and Project COVERED Emergency Department Network

Subjects
Project COVERED Emergency Department Network, Humans, Prevalence, Cross-Sectional Studies, Adult, Middle Aged, Health Personnel, Hospitals, University, Emergency Service, Hospital, United States, Female, Male, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Prevention, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Biodefense, Infectious Diseases, Clinical Research, Health Services, Lung, Vaccine Related, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Clinical Sciences, Emergency & Critical Care Medicine
Abstract

Study objectiveWe determine the percentage of diagnosed and undiagnosed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among a sample of US emergency department (ED) health care personnel before July 2020.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional analysis of ED health care personnel in 20 geographically diverse university-affiliated EDs from May 13, to July 8, 2020, including case counts of prior laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnoses among all ED health care personnel, and then point-in-time serology (with confirmatory testing) and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction testing in a sample of volunteers without a previous COVID-19 diagnosis. Health care staff were categorized as clinical (physicians, advanced practice providers, and nurses) and nonclinical (clerks, social workers, and case managers). Previously undiagnosed infection was based on positive SARS-CoV-2 serology or reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction result among health care personnel without prior diagnosis.ResultsDiagnosed COVID-19 occurred in 2.8% of health care personnel (193/6,788), and the prevalence was similar for nonclinical and clinical staff (3.8% versus 2.7%; odds ratio 1.5; 95% confidence interval 0.7 to 3.2). Among 1,606 health care personnel without previously diagnosed COVID-19, 29 (1.8%) had evidence of current or past SARS-CoV-2 infection. Most (62%; 18/29) who were seropositive did not think they had been infected, 76% (19/25) recalled COVID-19-compatible symptoms, and 89% (17/19) continued to work while symptomatic. Accounting for both diagnosed and undiagnosed infections, 4.6% (95% confidence interval 2.8% to 7.5%) of ED health care personnel were estimated to have been infected with SARS-CoV-2, with 38% of those infections undiagnosed.ConclusionIn late spring and early summer 2020, the estimated prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection was 4.6%, and greater than one third of infections were undiagnosed. Undiagnosed SARS-CoV-2 infection may pose substantial risk for transmission to other staff and patients.

Published
2021

44. Single-cell census of human tooth development enables generation of human enamel

Author

Alghadeer, Ammar, Hanson-Drury, Sesha, Patni, Anjali P., Ehnes, Devon D., Zhao, Yan Ting, Li, Zicong, Phal, Ashish, Vincent, Thomas, Lim, Yen C., O’Day, Diana, Spurrell, Cailyn H., Gogate, Aishwarya A., Zhang, Hai, Devi, Arikketh, Wang, Yuliang, Starita, Lea, Doherty, Dan, Glass, Ian A., Shendure, Jay, Freedman, Benjamin S., Baker, David, Regier, Mary C., Mathieu, Julie, and Ruohola-Baker, Hannele

Published
2023
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46. Behavioral Economic Demand for Alcohol and Cigarettes in Heavy Drinking Smokers: Evidence of Asymmetric Cross-commodity Reinforcing Value

Author

Green, ReJoyce, MacKillop, James, Hartwell, Emily E, Lim, Aaron C, Baskerville, Wave-Ananda, Karno, Mitchell, and Ray, Lara A

Subjects
Epidemiology, Public Health, Health Sciences, Drug Abuse (NIDA only), Tobacco Smoke and Health, Brain Disorders, Prevention, Clinical Research, Substance Misuse, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Tobacco, Alcoholism, Alcohol Use and Health, Behavioral and Social Science, Pediatric Research Initiative, 2.3 Psychological, social and economic factors, Aetiology, Cardiovascular, Cancer, Mental health, Stroke, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Alcohol Drinking, Alcoholic Beverages, Cigarette Smoking, Economics, Behavioral, Female, Humans, Male, Reinforcement, Psychology, Reward, Smokers, Tobacco Products, United States, Clinical Sciences, Public Health and Health Services, Marketing, Public health
Abstract

IntroductionPrevious studies have highlighted a strong bidirectional relationship between cigarette and alcohol consumption. To advance our understanding of this relationship the present study uses a behavioral economic approach in a community sample (N = 383) of nontreatment seeking heavy drinking smokers.Aims and methodsThe aims were to examine same-substance and cross-substance relationships between alcohol and cigarette use, and latent factors of demand. A community sample of nontreatment seeking heavy drinking smokers completed an in-person assessment battery including measures of alcohol and tobacco use as well as the Cigarette Purchase Task and the Alcohol Purchase Task. Latent factors of demand were derived from these hypothetical purchase tasks.ResultsResults revealed a positive correlation between paired alcohol and cigarette demand indices (eg, correlation between alcohol intensity and cigarette intensity) (rs = 0.18-0.46, p ≤ .003). Over and above alcohol factors, cigarette use variables (eg, Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence and cigarettes per smoking day) significantly predicted an additional 4.5% (p < .01) of the variance in Persistence values but not Amplitude values for alcohol. Over and above cigarette factors, alcohol use variables predicted cigarette Persistence values (ΔR2 = .013, p = .05), however, did not predict Amplitude values.ConclusionsThese results advance our understanding of the overlap between cigarette and alcohol by demonstrating that involvement with one substance was associated with demand for the other substance. This asymmetric profile-from smoking to alcohol demand, but not vice versa-suggests that it is not simply tapping into a generally higher reward sensitivity and warrants further investigation.ImplicationsTo our knowledge, no study to date has examined alcohol and cigarette demand, via hypothetical purchase tasks, in a clinical sample of heavy drinking smokers. This study demonstrates that behavioral economic indices may be sensitive to cross-substance relationships and specifically that such relationships are asymmetrically stronger for smoking variables affecting alcohol demand, not the other way around.

Published
2021

50. Computing secure key rates for quantum key distribution with untrusted devices

Author

Tan, Ernest Y. -Z., Schwonnek, René, Goh, Koon Tong, Primaatmaja, Ignatius William, and Lim, Charles C. -W.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

Device-independent quantum key distribution (DIQKD) provides the strongest form of secure key exchange, using only the input-output statistics of the devices to achieve information-theoretic security. Although the basic security principles of DIQKD are now well-understood, it remains a technical challenge to derive reliable and robust security bounds for advanced DIQKD protocols that go beyond the previous results based on violations of the CHSH inequality. In this work, we present a framework based on semi-definite programming that gives reliable lower bounds on the asymptotic secret key rate of any QKD protocol using untrusted devices. In particular, our method can in principle be utilized to find achievable secret key rates for any DIQKD protocol, based on the full input-output probability distribution or any choice of Bell inequality. Our method also extends to other DI cryptographic tasks., Comment: Improved proof of strong duality. Close to published version

Published
2019
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