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ObjectivesThe clinical impact of SARS-CoV-2 has varied across countries with varying cardiovascular manifestations. We review the cardiac presentations, in-hospital outcomes and development of cardiovascular complications in the initial cohort of SARS-CoV-2 positive patients at Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust, UK.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed 498 COVID-19 positive adult admissions to our institute from 7 March to 7 April 2020. Patient data were collected for baseline demographics, comorbidities and in-hospital outcomes, especially relating to cardiovascular intervention.ResultsMean age was 67.4±16.1 years and 62.2% (n=310) were male. 64.1% (n=319) of our cohort had underlying cardiovascular disease (CVD) with 53.4% (n=266) having hypertension. 43.2%(n=215) developed acute myocardial injury. Mortality was significantly increased in those patients with myocardial injury (47.4% vs 18.4%, pConclusionHypertension, pre-existing CVD and acute myocardial injury were associated with increased in-hospital mortality in our cohort of COVID-19 patients. However, only a low number of patients required invasive cardiac intervention.

Digital advertising is one of the most dominant elements of a communication mix. Consumption choices refer to the journey where consumers make decisions based on the problem-solving attributes of the products and services. The choices are conditioned with the reality shaped around us and social processes that impose ideal, self-identity, self-concept, ideal self, gender identities, and consumer cultures via visual digital designs and celebrity portrayals. Organisations aim to build digital advertisement strategies and create awareness of certain goods and services, but at the same time, the advertisement plays a significant role in generating new needs, new identities for consumers, and new role expectations. Digital technologies enable marketers to predict consumption behaviour and measure the consumer responses on key metrics of advertisement effectiveness.

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is the worst clinical event occurring in the clinical context of cardiomyopathies. Current guidelines recommend using LV ejection fraction as the only imaging-derived parameter to identify patients who may benefit from ICD implantation in cardiomyopathies with reduced ejection fraction; however, a relevant proportion of high-risk population is left with unmet therapeutic goal. In case of dilated, hypertrophic, or arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathies, there is still a room for more sensitive and specific risk markers for identifying a cluster at higher risk of SCD. In this paper, we reviewed the evidence supporting the use of advanced echocardiography, CMR, and nuclear cardiology for SCD stratification in patients with the most common cardiomyopathies. The added value of these modalities may be explained on the basis of tissue characterization, especially scar detection, a central player in the pathogenesis of arrhythmias. Therefore, integration of these modalities to our everyday clinical practice may help in dealing with the gray zones where current guidelines are still ineffective for patient selection.

A year full of exciting expectations, technological innovations and business opportunities, this is how 2020 was predicted to be by many business analysts and experts. However, some unexpected events followed since the identification of COVID-19 in China. This later escalated to a pandemic spreading across the grids of global human mobility sent shock waves around the world and quickly brought life to a halt in many countries. Not only the anxiety and fear of a deadly virus spreading around but also the measures taken against it perhaps changed our lives as consumers, marketers, and researchers. The new norm is in progress as the old is troubled. The new reality or realities will define marketing in the aftermath of the pandemic and there are already some signs of major disruptive changes. This special issue offers a selection of studies looking into the impact of COVID-19 pandemic with a particular focus on consumer behaviours during the lockdown in early 2020. These studies are drawing on fresh evidence collected via online and offline methods to help strategists understand the scale and depth of the disruption.

Mass-mediated marketplace images produce culturally accepted ideals, archetypes of motherhood that help to legitimate and constitute mothering identities and ultimately shape the consumption preferences. This article focuses on the imagery representation of mothers in magazine advertisements and reflects on how the interpretation of hidden archetypal meanings could open up new windows for marketers specifically targeting this category of consumers. It builds on the theoretical dispositions of consumer culture theory and visual consumption to conceptualise the motherhood portrayal in print media and highlight its impact on consumption choices through the construction of mothering identity. Based on this study, methodological aspects of interpreting images have been extended which resulted in gathering insights from participants via the use of photo-elicitation methods. The findings suggest that mothers in the UK are inclined to conducted visual consumption of mothering images/archetypes that mirror their own ideals rather than prioritising the actual product or service advertised. The research also suggests that there are limited portrayals of mothering roles, ethnical and sexual diversity in magazine advertisements. It suggests further research on mass media advertisements and extended scope of a broader scale in-depth interviews to address the needs and expectations of mothers as consumers.

Introduction Prinzmetal’s angina is a very rare disease in children and adolescents. Adults’ studies suggest that vasospastic angina is more common in patients with bronchial asthma than in the general population. Case presentation A 16-year-old boy with a history of bronchial asthma was admitted to the hospital after successful resuscitation from asystole. On the day of admission, he had a severe left shoulder pain and developed cardiac arrest. He was complaining of left shoulder pain throughout the previous year. During his hospital stay, a second cardiac arrest took place with inferior ST elevation of the electrocardiography recorded after the second successful resuscitation. Diagnostic coronary angiography revealed multiple spasms throughout the coronary bed, which was completely resolved after intracoronary nitroglycerine administration. The patient was diagnosed Printzmetal’s vasospasic angina, and the symptoms disappeared gradually with up-titration of a calcium channel blocker and a nitrate. Discussion Previous studies have suggested that the pathogenesis of Prinzmetal’s vasospastic angina may be similar to that of bronchial asthma, as we see in the presentation of this young patient.

Contemporary studies in consumer research significantly shifted the attention towards gender identities and its importance in consumer culture (Epp and Price 2006; Humphreys and Thompson 2014; Dion et al. 2014; Cova et al. 2013); however, less devotion was given to ideological aspects in gender representations persisting in today’s marketing practice (Thompson and Ustuner 2015; Thompson and Coskuner-Balli 2007). The constant changing patterns of social settings and marketplace ideologies that are socially and culturally produced and reproduced has been one of the most referred themes in consumer research (O’Guinn et al. 2015; Dion et al. 2014; Weinberger and Wallendorf 2012; McQuarrie et al. 2013). Evidently more in-depth consideration was acknowledged by Consumer Culture Theory (CCT) (Arnould and Thompson 2005) scholars who believe in the social reproduction (Bourdieu 1979) and construction of identity as a result of sociohistorical and sociocultural change that are evoked through meanings, symbols and signs (Moisio et al. 2004; Arsel and Zeynep 2013). This paper focuses on the reproduction of gender ideology through exploration of archetypal images of motherhood in contemporary Russian consumer culture.

Aims: The data on ethnic fractionalization is out-of-date in some cases, and in the case of some countries there are no such data at all. We measure the ethnic, linguistic and religious fractionalization of unrecognized states in Europe –of Abkhazia, Northern Cyprus, Nagorno-Karabakh, Transnistria and Kosovo, which were up till now excluded from the scope of interest of fractionalization observers. Methods: Using the population census data of these countries, we measure the fractionalization with the one minus Herfindahl index. Results: Whether homogenous or heterogeneous, the levels of their fractionalization remain different. Therefore, the (non)recognition of a state has no effect on its level of fractionalization.