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As feiras livres se apresentam como um espaço para a prática comercial varejista, do produtor familiar, de produtos in natura e processados, sendo um dos principais ambientes de preservação da cultura local e de interação entre o rural e o urbano, especialmente importante para a economia de cidades interioranas. O presente estudo objetivou identificar as melhores práticas utilizadas nos ambientes organizacionais da feira livre do município de Iporá (GO) e do centro de comercialização em Barra do Garças (MT), por meio da ferramenta de gestão denominada benchmarking, sendo utilizadas, como procedimento metodológico, entrevistas com os representantes das feiras de Iporá e Barra do Garças, bem como aplicação de questionário a 30 feirantes de ambas as localidades. Constatou-se a existência de desafios para a implantação do centro de comercialização em Iporá a partir da percepção dos feirantes sobre a relevância da adequada estrutura física e do efetivo suporte da vigilância sanitária para o rearranjo do ambiente. Quanto a Barra do Garças, o centro de comercialização modificou o espaço físico e padronizou os processos, reduzindo o número de frequentadores e vendas dos produtos. Conclui-se que, em ambos os locais de comercialização, quaisquer alterações no “espaço feira” devem resguardar as particularidades da modalidade tradicional de produção e venda.

O uso de ferramentas da saúde digital tem sido intensificado na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) e nas práticas de agentes comunitários de saúde (ACS). Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar os desafios impostos pelas condições de trabalho dos ACS no contexto da saúde digital. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa com triangulação de métodos envolvendo lideranças sindicais, gestores e profissionais da saúde. Os resultados apontam uma reedição de velhos desafios em torno do trabalho dos ACS, como maior burocratização, controle, divisão social e técnica. Porém, novos desafios emergem em torno da manutenção, da qualidade dos instrumentos e da formação profissional. Conclui-se demarcando a necessidade de uma garantia logística, financeira e política para a implementação da saúde digital no trabalho dos ACS.

Abstract Background Lung metastasis is the most adverse clinical factor and remains the leading cause of osteosarcoma-related death. Deciphering the mechanisms driving metastatic spread is crucial for finding open therapeutic windows for successful organ-specific interventions that may halt or prevent lung metastasis. Methods We employed a mouse premetastatic lung-based multi-omics integrative approach combined with clinical features to uncover the specific changes that precede lung metastasis formation and identify novel molecular targets and biomarker of clinical utility that enable the design of novel therapeutic strategies. Results We found that osteosarcoma-bearing mice or those preconditioned with the osteosarcoma cell secretome harbour profound lung structural alterations with airway damage, inflammation, neutrophil infiltration, and extracellular matrix remodelling with increased deposition of fibronectin and collagens by resident stromal activated fibroblasts, favouring the adhesion of disseminated tumour cells. Systemic-induced microenvironmental changes, supported by transcriptomic and histological data, promoted and accelerated lung metastasis formation. Comparative proteome profiling of the cell secretome and mouse plasma identified a large number of proteins involved in extracellular-matrix organization, cell-matrix adhesion, neutrophil degranulation, and cytokine-mediated signalling, consistent with the observed lung microenvironmental changes. Moreover, we identified EFEMP1, an extracellular matrix glycoprotein exclusively secreted by metastatic cells, in the plasma of mice bearing a primary tumour and in biopsy specimens from osteosarcoma patients with poorer overall survival. Depletion of EFEMP1 from the secretome prevents the formation of lung metastasis. Conclusions Integration of our data uncovers neutrophil infiltration and the functional contribution of stromal-activated fibroblasts in ECM remodelling for tumour cell attachment as early pro-metastatic events, which may hold therapeutic potential in preventing or slowing the metastatic spread. Moreover, we identified EFEMP1, a secreted glycoprotein, as a metastatic driver and a potential candidate prognostic biomarker for lung metastasis in osteosarcoma patients. Graphical abstract Osteosarcoma-derived secreted factors systemically reprogrammed the lung microenvironment and fostered a growth-permissive niche for incoming disseminated cells to survive and outgrow into overt metastasis. Daily administration of osteosarcoma cell secretome mimics the systemic release of tumour-secreted factors of a growing tumour in mice during PMN formation; Transcriptomic and histological analysis of premetastatic lungs revealed inflammatory-induced stromal fibroblast activation, neutrophil infiltration, and ECM remodelling as early onset pro-metastatic events; Proteome profiling identified EFEMP1, an extracellular secreted glycoprotein, as a potential predictive biomarker for lung metastasis and poor prognosis in osteosarcoma patients. Osteosarcoma patients with EFEMP1 expressing biopsies have a poorer overall survival.

Abstract Background Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including small EVs (sEVs) such as exosomes, exhibit great potential for the diagnosis and treatment of brain disorders, representing a valuable tool for precision medicine. The latter demands high-quality human biospecimens, especially in complex disorders in which pathological and specimen heterogeneity, as well as diverse individual clinical profile, often complicate the development of precision therapeutic schemes and patient-tailored treatments. Thus, the collection and characterization of physiologically relevant sEVs are of the utmost importance. However, standard brain EV isolation approaches rely on tissue dissociation, which can contaminate EV fractions with intracellular vesicles. Methods Based on multiscale analytical platforms such as cryo-EM, label-free proteomics, advanced flow cytometry, and ExoView analyses, we compared and characterized the EV fraction isolated with this novel method with a classical digestion-based EV isolation procedure. Moreover, EV biogenesis was pharmacologically manipulated with either GW4869 or picrotoxin to assess the validity of the spontaneous-release method, while the injection of labelled-EVs into the mouse brain further supported the integrity of the isolated vesicles. Results We hereby present an efficient purification method that captures a sEV-enriched population spontaneously released by mouse and human brain tissue. In addition, we tested the significance of the release method under conditions where biogenesis/secretion of sEVs was pharmacologically manipulated, as well as under animals’ exposure to chronic stress, a clinically relevant precipitant of brain pathologies, such as depression and Alzheimer’s disease. Our findings show that the released method monitors the drug-evoked inhibition or enhancement of sEVs secretion while chronic stress induces the secretion of brain exosomes accompanied by memory loss and mood deficits suggesting a potential role of sEVs in the brain response to stress and related stress-driven brain pathology. Conclusions Overall, the spontaneous release method of sEV yield may contribute to the characterization and biomarker profile of physiologically relevant brain-derived sEVs in brain function and pathology. Video Abstract

Objective: To understand whether thyroid cells can be directly infected by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and to establish a putative correlation with the expression of the host entry machinery: ACE-2, TMPRSS2, and furin. Methods: We assessed the presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus at the gene level by RT-PCR, viral RNA transcripts localization by in situ hybridization, and by detecting viral proteins by immunohistochemistry for the nucleocapsid and the spike proteins. Furthermore, we also described the immunoexpression of key host factors for virus entry in the COVID-19 thyroid samples. Results: We performed RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 in all autopsy specimens and detected viral genome positivity in 13 of 15 thyroid tissues and in a lung specimen. In 9 of the 14 positive samples, we were also able to confirm SARS-CoV-2 signal by in situ hybridization. Immunohistochemistry for the viral nucleocapsid and spike protein was also positive for ten and nine of the RT-PCR-positive cases, respectively, but revealed a lower sensitivity. We also described, for the first time in a COVID-19 series, the immunohistochemical expression of ACE-2, TMPRSS2, and furin in the thyroid. Conclusions: Our results obtained in thyroid specimens from deceased COVID-19 patients indicate that thyrocytes can be directly infected by SARS-CoV-2 since we detected the presence of SARS-CoV-2 genome in follicular cells. Nevertheless, we did not find a clear correlation between the presence of viral genome and the expression of the host factors for virus entry, namely ACE-2, TMPRSS2, and furin.

Agave, commonly known as “maguey” is an important part of the Mexican tradition and economy, and is mainly used for the production of alcoholic beverages, such as tequila. Industrial exploitation generates by-products, including leaves, bagasse, and fibers, that can be re-valorized. Agave is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, fructans, and pectin, as well as simple carbohydrates. Regarding functional properties, fructans content makes agave a potential source of prebiotics with the capability to lower blood glucose and enhance lipid homeostasis when it is incorporated as a prebiotic ingredient in cookies and granola bars. Agave also has phytochemicals, such as saponins and flavonoids, conferring anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties, among other benefits. Agave fibers are used for polymer-based composite reinforcement and elaboration, due to their thermo-mechanical properties. Agave bagasse is considered a promising biofuel feedstock, attributed to its high-water efficiency and biomass productivity, as well as its high carbohydrate content. The optimization of physical and chemical pretreatments, enzymatic saccharification and fermentation are key for biofuel production. Emerging technologies, such as ultrasound, can provide an alternative to current pretreatment processes. In conclusion, agaves are a rich source of by-products with a wide range of potential industrial applications, therefore novel processing methods are being explored for a sustainable re-valorization of these residues.

A adaptação e mitigação dos impactos ambientais decorrem de como se estabelecem os padrões de consumo e produção e suas respectivas externalidades, sendo esta uma responsabilidade ética e social de governos, empresas, instituições de ensino e demais organizações. Diante do exposto, o presente projeto socioambiental de extensão denominado: "Mudança de Hábitos" teve por objetivo promover junto ao comércio local do município de Iporá, com foco na região central, a adoção do processo de seletividade básica no descarte dos resíduos sólidos, sendo o empresariado do município nosso público alvo. Para execução do projeto foram instalados ecopontos de materiais recicláveis em locais estratégicos da cidade, possibilitando melhores condições de trabalho aos agentes ambientais sociais ou catadores de materiais recicláveis. doi.org/10.35700/ca.2021.ano8n14.p50-57.2994

Using Rudine Sims Bishop’s concept of “Mirrors and Windows” (1990) to prove that children’s and young adult (YA) literature underline how imperative it is to expose young readers to several representations of identity and life experiences, the corpus of this paper is comprised by different Latinx (im)migration stories to the United States (U.S.), such as Yuyi Morales’s picture book Dreamers, Elisa Amado’s graphic novel Manuelito, Margarita Engle’s poetry memoir Enchanted Air and Jacqueline Woodson’s YA novel Harbor Me. Having Critical Race Theory (CRT), Latino-critical (LatCrit) and Critical Multicultural Analysis as theoretical framings, the aim of this paper is to analyze the Latinx (im)migration experience portrayed in children’s and YA books of different genres, as well as to confront the expectations of Latinx (im)migrant characters with the reality they encounter in the U.S..

Few studies had demonstrated the interaction of phlorotannins and polysaccharides from algae on microbial diversity and growth of probiotic bacteria on the early stages of colonic fermentation. Silvetia compresssa hydroethanolic extract rich in phlorotannins and its isolated polysaccharides fraction enabled the proliferation of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus and increased total short-chain fatty acids synthesis compared to a negative control. Eckstolonol, dieckol and acacetin derivative in hydroethanolic extract were depleted after eight hours of in vitro colonic fermentation. After a 48 h fermentation, hydroethanolic extract showed high levels of acetic (104.82 µmol g−1 wet feces) and propionic acids (78.58 µmol g−1 wet feces), as well as an increase in Bifidobacterium (log10 6.77 CFU g−1 wet feces) and Lactobacillus (log10 4.25 CFU g−1 wet feces) growth. These results showed no significant difference with inulin (p > 0.05), suggesting the potential of Silvetia compresssa hydroethanolic extract to improve human gut microbiota.

Serious Pervasive Games extend the magic circle (Huizinga, 1938) to the players' context and surrounding environment. The blend of both physical and fictive game worlds provides a push in player engagement and promotes situated learning approaches. Space and time, as well as social context, acquire a more meaningful impact on the gameplay. From pervasive learning towards science communication with location-based games, this article presents research and case studies that exemplify their benefits and related problems. Pervasive learning can be defined as “learning at the speed of need through formal, informal and social learning modalities” (Pontefract, 2013). The first case study—the BEACONING project—aims to contextualize the teaching and learning process, connecting it with problem-based game mechanics within STEM. The main goal of this project is to provide the missing connection between STEM subjects and real-world interactions and applications. The pedagogical foundation is supported on problem-based learning (PBL), in which active learning is in the center, and learners have to work with different tools and resources in order to solve problems (quests). Teachers create, facilitate, and assess pervasive and gamified learning activities (missions). Furthermore, these quests are gamified in order to provide non-linear game plots. In a second case study, we demonstrate and evaluate how natural heritage can benefit from pervasive games. This study is based on a set of location-based games for an existing natural park, which have been developed in order to provide enhanced experiences, as well as additional information about some species that are more difficult to observe or that are seasonal. Throughout the research and development of these projects, we have encountered and identified several problems, of different nature, present in pervasive games.

Von Willebrand disease (vWD) is the most prevalent hereditary bleeding disorder, affecting 0.6–1.3% of the population. While gastrointestinal bleeding from angiodysplasia is a well-known complication of vWD, the same is not true for Dieulafoy’s lesions (DLs). We report the case of a 21-year-old black male with type 1 vWD and 2 previous hospital admissions for severe anemia with no visible blood loss. In both episodes, DLs were identified and treated endoscopically, one in the stomach and another in the duodenum. The patient presented to the emergency department in September 2016 with dizziness, fatigue, and again no visible blood loss. He was hemodynamically stable, and laboratory workup showed a hemoglobin level of 3.4 g/dL. After transfusion of packed red blood cells, intravenous iron, and von Willebrand factor/factor VIII concentrate infusions, the patient underwent upper endoscopy and colonoscopy, which were normal. Small-bowel capsule endoscopy showed dark blood and a fresh clot in the proximal jejunum. At this site, push enteroscopy identified a pulsatile vessel with an overlying minimal mucosal defect, consistent with a DL, type 2b of the Yano-Yamamoto classification, which was successfully treated with adrenaline and 2 hemoclips. The patient remains stable after 18 months of follow-up, with a hemoglobin level of 13.2 g/dL. This is a case of recurrent severe occult gastrointestinal bleeding from multiple DL in a young patient with vWD who is otherwise healthy. Three other cases of DL bleeding in the setting of vWD have been reported in the literature, suggesting a possible association between these 2 entities.

Background and Aims: Vitamin D deficiency is more common in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients than in the general population. However, there are conflicting data about predictive factors of vitamin D deficiency and its potential association with disease activity. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and predictive factors of vitamin D deficiency and to evaluate a possible association with disease activity. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted, including patients with IBD from January to July 2016. The Endocrine Society guidelines were considered for defining levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) as follows: deficient (< 20 ng/mL, < 10 ng/mL being severe deficiency), insufficient (21–29 ng/mL), and adequate (> 30 ng/mL). Results: A total of 152 patients (52% men; 47.2 ± 17.3 years) were included, of whom 70% had Crohn’s disease (CD). Thirty-seven percent of patients were on immunosuppressors and 17% were on biologics. The majority were outpatients (88.2%). Mean 25-OH-D levels were 17.1 ± 8 ng/mL (CD: 16.7 ± 8 ng/mL vs. ulcerative colitis: 17.6 ± 7 ng/mL, p = 0.1). Inadequate levels were present in 90.8% of patients (deficiency: 68.4%; insufficiency: 22.4%). A significant negative correlation between 25-OH-D levels and age (r = –0.2, p = 0.04), C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (r = –0.22, p = 0.004), and Harvey-Bradshaw index (HBi) (r = –0.32, p = 0.001) was found. Patients with severe deficiency showed a higher CRP (0.6 vs. 1.4 mg/dL, p = 0.03), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (22 vs. 31 mm/h, p = 0.03), and HBi (2 vs. 5, p < 0.001) and lower hemoglobin (13.6 vs. 12.7 g/dL, p = 0.02). There was no association between vitamin D deficiency and gender, type, extent, and duration of disease, surgery, and other measures of disease activity, such as ESR, hemoglobin (these 2 items except for severe deficiency), fecal calprotectin, or Truelove and Witts classification. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of inadequate levels of vitamin D in IBD patients, particularly deficiency (68.4%). There seems to exist an association between lower levels of vitamin D and higher disease activity, especially in CD.

Blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum) are widely cultivated worldwide and largely consumed due to their known antioxidant and medicinal properties. Although Diaporthe species have been documented in Portugal as causal agents of blueberry twig blight and dieback, there is still scarce information on the species that cause these symptoms. Moreover, Diaporthe vaccinii, recently synonymized with D. eres, has been considered a concern to blueberry production worldwide. However, the current knowledge about its impact on blueberries remains unclear. The diversity of Diaporthe species associated with diseased blueberry plants were assessed through a national survey. A multilocus sequence analysis of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1-α), β-tubulin (tub2), calmodulin (cal) and histone 3 (his3) genes unveiled the presence of Diaporthe ambigua, D. amygdali, D. crousii, D. foeniculina, D. hybrida, D. leucospermi, D. malorum and D. rudis. Moreover, all species were fully characterized based on a detailed morphological description. Diaporthe amygdali, D. hybrida, D. leucospermi and D. malorum are reported for the first time on diseased blueberries in Portugal. Results show that D. eres exhibited a high level of intraspecific variability within isolates, given that the strain CBS 160.32 might be a minor pathogen on blueberry plants, whereas CAA829 was revealed to be the most aggressive. Overall, this study also demonstrates that Diaporthe amygdali and D. eres may be two of the most aggressive species to blueberry plants. This study improves our understanding of the Diaporthe species and it’s causing of dieback and twig blight on Portuguese blueberry orchards. Additionally, the identification of these pathogens represents crucial information for blueberry producers to apply appropriate phytosanitary measures, as well as offering new insights into the potential pathogenicity of D. eres on this host.

Background and aims: Congenital shunts of the portal venous system are rare entities that can present in children with clinical heterogeneity. To evaluate the clinical course of children with uncommon shunts presenting to our institution and examine the available literature on this topic. Medical records of children with rare forms of congenital shunts were retrospectively reviewed for demographics, symptoms, management, and outcome between 2003 and 2016. Results: Three female patients with congenital shunts, including a congenital mesenterico-portal Rex shunt (n = 1) and congenital portosystemic shunts (CPSS) (n = 2), were referred for surgical evaluation between ages 4 and 9. Median follow-up was 8 years (range, 6-13 years). One asymptomatic patient did not require treatment and remained disease-free during long-term follow-up. The other 2 patients with CPSS and unusual symptoms, including liver focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) in infancy (n = 1) and bleeding from esophageal varices (n = 1), showed subsequent progression to liver nodules that were managed by endovascular shunt occlusion. One patient showed symptom resolution and the other showed stable lesions at last follow-up. Literature yielded descriptions of two cases of congenital mesenterico-portal Rex shunt, one case of coincident CPSS and FNH in infancy, but zero reports of bleeding from esophageal varices. Conclusions: This case series examines each distinct patient's presentation, discusses the diagnosis, management and outcome and compares findings while discussing literature on this topic. A high index of suspicion and familiarity with unusual forms and treatment options is required to allow timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Introduction: Recently, it has been suggested an association between red cell distribution width (RDW) and Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI), but its use is not yet performed in daily clinical practice. Objectives: To determine whether RDW can be used as a marker of Crohn's disease (CD) activity. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study including patients with CD, observed consecutively in an outpatient setting between January 1st and September 30th 2013. Blood cell indices, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein were measured. CD activity was determined by CDAI (active disease if CDAI ≥ 150). Associations were analyzed using logistic regression (SPSS version 20). Results: 119 patients (56% female) were included in the study with a mean age of 47 years (SD 15.2). Twenty patients (17%) had active disease. The median RDW was 14.0 (13–15). There was an association between RDW and disease activity (p = 0.044). After adjustment for age and gender, this association remained consistent (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.03–1.39, p = 0.016). It was also found that the association between RDW and disease activity was independent of hemoglobin and ESR (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.08–1.72, p = 0.01) and of biologic therapy (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.03–1.37, p = 0.017). A RDW cutoff of 16% had a specificity and negative predictive value for CDAI ≥ 150 of 88% and 86%, respectively. Conclusion: In this study, RDW proved to be an independent and relatively specific marker of CD activity. These results may contribute to the implementation of this simple parameter, in clinical practice, aiming to help therapeutic decisions.

Introduction: Walled-off necrosis (WON) is a potentially lethal late complication of acute pancreatitis (AP) and occurs in less than 10% of AP cases. It can be located in or outside the pancreas. When infected, the mortality rate increases and can reach 100% if the collection is not drained. Its treatment is complex and includes, at the beginning, intravenous antibiotics, which permit sepsis control and a delay in the therapeutic intervention, like drainage. Nowadays, a minimally invasive approach is advised. Depending on the location of the collection, computed tomography (CT)-guided drainage or endoscopic necrosectomy are the primary options, then complemented by surgical necrosectomy if needed. Infected WON of the abdominal wall has been rarely described in the literature and there is no report of any infection with Citrobacter freundii. Case: We present the case of a 61-year-old man with necrotizing AP complicated by WON of the left abdominal wall, infected with Citrobacter freundii that was successfully treated with CT-guided percutaneous drainage and intravenous antibiotics. Conclusion: Infected WON accounts for considerable mortality and its location in the abdominal wall is rare; it can be treated with antibiotics and CT-guided drainage with no need for further intervention.

Background Species identification is essential for controlling disease, understanding epidemiology, and to guide the implementation of phytosanitary measures against fungi from the genus Diaporthe. Accurate Diaporthe species separation requires using multi-loci phylogenies. However, defining the optimal set of loci that can be used for species identification is still an open problem. Methods Here we addressed that problem by identifying five loci that have been sequenced in 142 Diaporthe isolates representing 96 species: TEF1, TUB, CAL, HIS and ITS. We then used every possible combination of those loci to build, analyse, and compare phylogenetic trees. Results As expected, species separation is better when all five loci are simultaneously used to build the phylogeny of the isolates. However, removing the ITS locus has little effect on reconstructed phylogenies, identifying the TEF1-TUB-CAL-HIS 4-loci tree as almost equivalent to the 5-loci tree. We further identify the best 3-loci, 2-loci, and 1-locus trees that should be used for species separation in the genus. Discussion Our results question the current use of the ITS locus for DNA barcoding in the genus Diaporthe and suggest that TEF1 might be a better choice if one locus barcoding needs to be done.

Coletiva: conquistas e passos para além do sanitarismo é denso e rico em questões para pensarmos sobre o que se deseja e o que se pode alcançar com a formação de profissionais nos cursos de Graduação em Saúde Coletiva (GSC) em nosso país. Em 2003, o Relatório da Oficina “Perspectivas de Implantação” desses Cursos no VII Congresso Brasileiro de Saúde Coletiva da ABRASCO apresentou três motivos para instituí-los: 1) a necessidade de avançar mais rapidamente na reorientação do modelo de atenção à saúde dominante; 2) o menor impacto potencial da pós-graduação em relação a graduação em vista do custo e benefícios possíveis e, 3) o prolongado tempo de formação de sanitaristas que dependia da graduação em outros cursos e da pósgraduação. Hoje, como naquela época, persiste a crença de que a formação profissional é fator de promoção de mudanças sociais e no sistema de saúde, o que aponta para a necessidade tanto da existência desses cursos quanto de reflexões mais apuradas sobre a temática. E para isto o texto em debate é igualmente doutrinário e desafiador sobre os passos possíveis do futuro.

Polycyclic Aromatics (PCA) are aromatic hydrocarbons and related sulphur and nitrogen compounds, containing three or more fused aromatic rings, which are considered as toxic compounds. PCA control is a complex task because the Base Oil production involves different processes with many variables such as pressure, temperature, feedstock quality, catalyst, etc. This study focuses on controlling the hydrotreating temperature as main variable in the reduction of PCA in Naphthenic Bases. Two Naphthenic distillate fractions taken from an industrial plant were hydrotreated in pilot plant at different temperatures. The results show that PCA are reduced as hydrotreating temperature increases; however there is an optimum temperature above it, the thermodynamic equilibrium of aromatic hydrogenation reverses, increasing as a result, the PCA content. These results were implemented in the industrial Unit by installing a hydrogen quench between the two industrial reactors to guarantee that the profile of temperature, due to exothermic character of some reactions, be always in the optimun operating range.Los PCA están relacionados con el contenido de Policiclo Aromáticos de más de tres anillos y moléculas asociadas de nitrógeno y azufre, los cuales son considerados como compuestos tóxicos. Hacer control de PCA es tarea compleja, pues la producción de Bases involucra diferentes procesos industriales y muchas variables de control como presión, temperatura, calidad de carga, catalizador, etc. Este estudio se enfoca en el control de la temperatura de hidrotratamiento como variable principal en la reducción de PCA en las bases Nafténicas. Se tomaron dos fracciones de destilado Nafténico de la planta industrial y se hidrotrataron en planta piloto a diferentes temperaturas. Los resultados muestran que los PCA son reducidos a medida que se incrementa la temperatura de hidrotratamiento; sin embargo se encontró una temperatura óptima de máxima reducción por encima de la cual se invierte el equilibrio termodinámico de las reacciones de hidrogenación de aromáticos, lo cual incrementa por consiguiente el contenido de PCA. Basado en lo anterior se estableció un quench de hidrógeno entre los dos reactores industriales para garantizar que el perfil de temperatura, debido a la exotermicidad de las reacciones, se mantenga en el rango óptimo de operación.

Introduction: The World Health Organization reviewed the classification for serrated colonic polyps in 2010. A new entity, sessile serrated adenoma, was included with two variants: with and without cytological dysplasia. This lesion’s malignant potential has been recognized and according to the new classification, many polyps may be reclassified. The impact of this change is yet to be assessed. Objective: Analyze the proportion of lesions that were reclassified according to the new World Health Organization classification and the variables that influenced it. Material and Methods: Every patient with at least one sessile serrated adenoma diagnosed in a 5 year period was included. All polyps (regardless of type) resected during the study period were reviewed. Data concerning polyp’s characteristics and patient variables were collected. Forty consecutive patients were included [13 female, mean age at 1st sessile serrated adenoma -59 yrs (34-80)]. Results: Were reviewed 247 polyps: hyperplastic - 42%; conventional adenomas - 29%; sessile serrated adenoma - 24%; serrated adenomas - 5%. Sixty-three polyps were reclassified: 43 hyperplastic, 12 serrated adenomas, 7 sessile serrated adenoma and 1 conventional adenoma with low grade dysplasia. Reclassification was significantly greater for hyperplastic polyps when compared with the other subtypes. Forty-three of one hundred and four (41%) hyperplastic polyps were reclassified all as sessile serrated adenoma. In these polyps the probability of reclassification was independent from polyp location but was greater if polyp size ≥ 5 mm. Discussion: This is a single center, rectrospective study. The fact that it was done in an Oncology Referral Institution with a Family Risk Clinic may have influenced the results. Nevertheless the impressive reclassification rate for Hyperplastic Polyps and the fact that they were reclassified mainly as Serrated Adenomas makes these results relevant to daily practice. Conclusion: Our results suggest that, according to the new World Health Organization classification for serrated colonic polyps, a considerable proportion of hyperplastic polyps will be reclassified. The serrated pathway of colorectal carcinogenesis has probably been underestimated and at-risk patients may have been under inappropriate surveillance. Keywords: Colonic Neoplasms/diagnosis; Colonic Polyps/classification; World Health Organization; Neoplasm Grading.

Nitric oxide (NO) is emerging as an important regulatory player in the Rhizobium-legume symbiosis. The occurrence of NO during several steps of the symbiotic interaction suggests an important, but yet unknown, signaling role of this molecule for root nodule formation and functioning. The identification of the molecular targets of NO is key for the assembly of the signal transduction cascade that will ultimately help to unravel NO function. We have recently shown that the key nitrogen assimilatory enzyme Glutamine Synthetase (GS) is a molecular target of NO in root nodules of Medicago truncatula, being post-translationally regulated by tyrosine nitration in relation to nitrogen fixation. In functional nodules of M. truncatula NO formation has been located in the bacteroid containing cells of the fixation zone, where the ammonium generated by bacterial nitrogenase is released to the plant cytosol and assimilated into the organic pools by plant GS. We propose that the NO-mediated GS post-translational inactivation is connected to nitrogenase inhibition induced by NO and is related to metabolite channeling to boost the nodule antioxidant defenses. Glutamate, a substrate for GS activity is also the precursor for the synthesis of glutathione (GSH), which is highly abundant in root nodules of several plant species and known to play a major role in the antioxidant defense participating in the ascorbate/GSH cycle. Existing evidence suggests that upon NO-mediated GS inhibition, glutamate could be channeled for the synthesis of GSH. According to this hypothesis, GS would be involved in the NO-signaling responses in root nodules and the NO-signaling events would meet the nodule metabolic pathways to provide an adaptive response to the inhibition of symbiotic nitrogen fixation by reactive nitrogen species (RNS).

A integridade familiar constitui um desafio normal no desenvolvimento das pessoas idosas, fortemente influenciado por factores do sistema familiar. Este estudo pretende aprofundar o conhecimento sobre o que contribui para o desenvolvimento do sentimento de integridade familiar em pessoas idosas. A recolha de dados efectuou-se com a aplicação de uma entrevista semi-estruturada (baseada em King & Wynne, 2004), administrada a 8 indivíduos com idade superior a 64 anos (5 mulheres e 3 homens), que vivem em contexto familiar. Os principais resultados sugerem que o sentido de integridade familiar na pessoa idosa é influenciado por: i) redefinição da identidade pessoal sustentada por uma filosofia de vida; ii) existência de proximidade afectiva nas relações; iii) aceitação de conflitos; iv) satisfação com a transmissão de legado; v) continuidade das relações familiares; vi) existência de projectos de vida futuros. A integridade não exclui contrariedades e amarguras, mas envolve-as num significado de paz com a vida. Na intervenção as pessoas idosas devem ser apoiadas no processo de aceitação de si e do outro, pois este é um mecanismo facilitador da integridade familiar.

BACKGROUND:Fatalities resulting from paraquat (PQ) self-poisonings represent a major burden of this herbicide. Specific therapeutic approaches have been followed to interrupt its toxic pathway, namely decontamination measures to prevent PQ absorption and to increase its excretion from organism, as well as the administration of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs. Until now, none of the postmortem studies resulting from human PQ poisonings have assessed the relationship of these therapeutic measures with PQ toxicokinetics and related histopathological lesions, these being the aims of the present study. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:For that purpose, during 2008, we collected human fluids and tissues from five forensic autopsies following fatal PQ poisonings. PQ levels were measured by gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry. Structural inflammatory lesions were evaluated by histological and immunohistochemistry analysis. The samples of cardiac blood, urine, gastric and duodenal wall, liver, lung, kidney, heart and diaphragm, showed quantifiable levels of PQ even at 6 days post-intoxication. Structural analysis showed diffused necrotic areas, intense macrophage activation and leukocyte infiltration in all analyzed tissues. By immunohistochemistry it was possible to observe a strong nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kappaB) activation and excessive collagen deposition. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:Considering the observed PQ levels in all analyzed tissues and the expressive inflammatory reaction that ultimately leads to fibrosis, we conclude that the therapeutic protocol usually performed needs to be reviewed, in order to increase the efficacy of PQ elimination from the body as well as to diminish the inflammatory process.

RESUMO O estudo aqui relatado teve como objetivo atualizar a análise da produção científica sobre trabalho e educação na saúde no Brasil para o período 2011 a 2014. Trata-se de um estudo de síntese com um total de 757 artigos analisados. A categoria 'Formação-Capacitação' manteve a liderança do número de publicações (51,9%), seguida de 'Profissionais de Saúde' (42,4%). Houve redução do percentual de publicações sobre mercado de trabalho, política de recursos humanos e administração de recursos humanos. Os últimos investimentos na formação e capacitação dos trabalhadores podem contribuir para a produção de novos trabalhos baseados no cotidiano dos serviços, sendo necessário avançar no detalhamento da produção científica.

Resumo As primeiras turmas de sanitaristas formadas no Brasil em nível de graduação foram concluídas a partir de 2012. Desde então, os egressos e sanitaristas comprometidos com essa formação têm sentido a necessidade de ampliar suas reflexões e os debates acerca da profissionalização na saúde pública/coletiva, coadunando uma série de debates que se instalou na área desde as primeiras ideias sobre a formação de sanitaristas. Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento nacional dos egressos da graduação em saúde coletiva no Brasil. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de questionários autopreenchidos em ambiente virtual. Por se tratar de uma graduação nova no campo das graduações da área da saúde, esses trabalhadores da saúde gradativamente vêm exercendo atividades profissionais que merecem destaque por ocuparem esses espaços em tão pouco tempo, reconfigurando, talvez, o cenário do cotidiano do trabalho dos serviços de saúde e qualificando as redes de atenção à saúde. Por fim, mantém-se a demanda para novos estudos que acompanhem a criação de novos cursos, potencializando os encontros e criando vínculos reais com os egressos de saúde coletiva com suas universidades.

Cassava has relevant importance in Brazilian agribusiness, being cultivated throughout the national territory. Its cultivation in many regions is carried out by producers with low purchasing power, who do not use fertilizers in planting, resulting in low productivity. In this situation, the use of biological inoculants, due to their low acquisition cost, may prove to be a promising alternative, since many microorganisms, in addition to being efficient in fixing atmospheric nitrogen, stimulate the development of plants, improving their productivity. The objective of this work was to evaluate the response of two cassava cultivars (IAC 12 and Talo Branco) to biological inoculants (Bacillus subtilis, Azospirillum brasilense, Bacillus megaterium+Bacillus subtilis and Azospirillum brasilense+Bacillus megaterium+Bacillus subtilis). The experiment was conducted in pots in a greenhouse. The plants were harvested 60 days after planting, evaluating the biometric attributes and the primary macronutrient content of the aerial part. Cassava varieties showed different responses to inoculants. For Talo Branco, coinoculation resulted in higher levels of chlorophyll in leaves and nitrogen and phosphorus in shoots. As for IAC 12, inoculation of Azospirillum brasilense in isolation provided better results for these variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]