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Currently, agroindustrial waste can be used to obtain bioactive compounds. The solid-state fermentation is an alternative for the valorization of these waste and to be able to release bioactive compounds that may be of interest to different industrial sectors. The aim of this study was to evaluate solid-state fermentation conditions using pineapple peel waste as the substrate with Aspergillus niger spp., to release bioactive compounds using a Plackett–Burman exploratory design. Temperature, humidity, inoculum, NaNO3, MgSO4, KCl, and KH2PO4 conditions in the fermentation process were evaluated. The antioxidant capacity was determined, and the main compounds of the fermentation extracts were identified. The results revealed that the Aspergillus niger HT3 strain reached a hydrolyzable tannin release of 10.00 mg/g, While Aspergillus niger Aa20 reached a condensed tannin release of 82.59 mg/g. The KH2PO4 affects the release of condensed tannins with A. niger Aa20, and MgSO4 affects the release of hydrolyzable tannins with A. niger HT3. In addition, a positive antioxidant activity was demonstrated for the DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP technique. The main compounds in the fermented pineapple peel were 3-feruloylquinic acid, caffeic acid, lariciresinol, and 3-hydroxyphloretin 2′-O-xylosyl-glucoside, among others. The solid-state fermentation process is a biotechnological alternative for the release of bioactive compounds.

Color is one of the main characteristics that allows to establish the quality of food. Technically, it is defined as a mental response to the stimulus that a visible radiation produces in the retina that is transmitted to the brain by the optic nerve, so it is closely related to the nervous system and thus, this attribute in food marks the preference of an individual. Given its importance, different systems have been developed to objectively measure color in food, evaluating the changes obtained in a product due to processing and storage, determining, among other things, its shelf life. Considering the above, this review is presented with the objective of recognizing the main methods for determining color of food, and its applications in the food industry.

Proteases are important enzymes because of their extended uses in several industries, such as food, beverages, pharmacy, detergents, and many others. Aspergillus is one of the most used fungi strains for enzyme production by solid-state fermentation (SSF). Disponibility of the carbon source is a key factor for protease production. In addition, the selection of solid support has great importance, as it must provide suitable airflow through the packed bed and nutrient diffusion inside the fermentable mass. Six Aspergillus strains and two inert supports (Agrolite (AL) and Polyurethane (PUF)) were tested for protease production from fish flour (FF) at different glucose concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15%) by SSF. The FF/PUF mixture at 70/30 (w/w) ratio, with 75.39% moisture, and a critical moisture point of 0.11 gH2O/g, presented a texture that allowed heat and mass transfer and provided enough moisture to make free water available as required for microorganism growth during the fermentation process. Aspergillus oryzae 2095 produced higher amounts of neutral and alkaline proteases with the addition of 5% glucose to the growth medium. Kinetics studies reveal that protease production is partially associated with growth. The extracts obtained can be used in different industries, and especially to prepare fish high-value by-product hydrolysates.

Debido al contenido de macronutrientes, micronutrientes y antioxidantes, la ingesta de hortalizas y legumbres en la dieta puede reducir el riesgo de enfermedades, por tanto, el objetivo de esta investigación fue desarrollar un prototipo de alimento deshidratado con base en harina de auyama (Cucurbita moschata Duchense) enriquecido con fuentes proteicas provenientes de granos. Se establecieron seis tratamientos empleando nueve materias primas variando el porcentaje de cada una de ellas, donde la mayor proporción, correspondió a la harina de auyama, se realizó un análisis bromatológico para cada materia prima y tratamiento. Posteriormente se realizó el análisis de carotenos totales, carbohidratos y calorías; para las variables materia seca (MS), cenizas, grasa, proteína cruda (PC), fibra detergente ácida (FDA) y fibra detergente neutra (FDN), se empleó un análisis de varianza y para la prueba sensorial se realizó la prueba Friedman con 60 jueces. Al emplear los factores de conversión Atwater, los resultados indicaron que los materiales seleccionados para formular un prototipo de alimento deshidratado presentan bajo contenido de fibra detergente neutra (FDN) y fibra detergente ácida (FDA). La prueba de Friedman estableció que el mejor tratamiento para los 60 evaluadores fue el 6 seguido del 1, con la inclusión de harina de auyama del 15 y 20 %, respectivamente. Se concluye que, a partir de la inclusión de harina de hortaliza y leguminosas es posible obtener un producto deshidratado con alto contenido de macronutrientes.

El aumento de la población mundial proyectada para el 2050 demandará el consumo de proteínas provenientes de fuentes alternativas y algunas de estas podrían derivarse de los insectos los cuales representan una oportunidad viable y sostenible para la alimentación. Sin embargo, se conoce poco sobre cómo es el sistema de cultivo de estos insectos, las estrategias para optimizar las dietas de estos insectos y el mejoramiento de su productividad. En este sentido, el objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el efecto de tres dietas para grillos teniendo en cuenta los parámetros técnicos en la etapa de engorde: ganancia de peso, conversión y mortalidad en Gryllus assimilis. Para la presente investigación, se evaluaron tres tratamientos con tres repeticiones por cada uno, para un total de nueve unidades experimentales. Cada repetición se estableció en recipiente plástico donde se alojaron 12 grillos de tres semanas de edad. La duración del experimento fue de treinta días y al final se determinaron los parámetros técnicos en la etapa de engorde. Los resultados indican que la dieta T2, compuesta de alimento para pollos, levadura y verdura, fue la dieta más adecuada en cuanto conversión alimenticia, no presentándose diferencia estadística en ganancia de peso y mortalidad. Lo anterior indica que es posible utilizar estas dietas para alimentación de grillos destinados a la alimentación humana y animal.

Tea (Camellia sinensis) is an evergreen shrub that is recognized worldwide for its functional properties. The current global production of green tea is approximately 5.3 million tons per year. Green tea processing has severely affected the generation of agro-industrial waste. One strategy for reducing waste accumulation is the revalorization of agro-industrial wastes via solid-state fermentation (SSF). The aim of this study was to valorize green tea processing residues to produce tannase under SSF using an endemic strain from Western Ghats, Aspergillus niger TBG 28A. SSF was performed in Erlenmeyer flasks with spent green tea leaves inoculated with spores of A. niger TBG 28A. Bioprocess optimization was carried out by employing the Box–Benkhen experimental design, achieving a high enzymatic yield of 246.82 (U/g). The present study shows the complexity of the degradation of tannins and the different patterns of expression of fungal tannase obtained from A. niger TBG 28 A. The enzyme was further purified to obtain a fold purification of 16.35% and a molecular mass of 150 kDa. Producing tannase with a novel strain of A. niger TBG 28A is an interesting strategy to revalorize green tea waste.

There is a range of processed foods that satisfy hunger, but do not nourish, causing a progressive decline in human health; however, bread enriched with micronutrients has a beneficial effect on health, contributing to the functioning of the organism. The objective of this research was to develop a functional bakery product based on wheat and butternut squash flours from two cultivars; An experimental work with six T0 treatments was proposed: 100% wheat flour (WF) – 0% butternut squash flour (BSF); T1: 80% WF – 20% BSF; T2: 85% WF – 15% BSF; T3: 90% WF – 10% BSF; T4: 95% WF – 5% BSF; T5: 97% WF – 3% BSF and three repetitions per treatment, under a completely randomized design, the chemical, physical and organoleptic properties were evaluated in each treatment by cultivating; for sensory testing, the sensory test was performed. The results indicated that all the treatments have a protein content between 9.59 - 9.78% and total carotenoids between 18.60 - 26.44 µg./g. on a dry basis; the sensory test Friedman established that the best treatment using flour from the Abanico 75 cultivar was T3 for flavor and color characteristics, and T4 for palatability, and when using flour from the Dorado cultivar for the same characteristics, the best treatment was T3 with 10% of butternut squash flour.