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Background: The current challenges faced by local family businesses related to innovation involve adapting to changing market conditions while maintaining their unique identity and traditions. Innovation is the foundation of every organisation, and the leadership style of business leaders heavily influences employee innovation. Aim: This study investigates the impact of inclusive leadership, an underexplored type of leadership, on innovative behaviour, with affective commitment and learning culture as mediating variables. Setting: The research was conducted in four family-owned companies in the founder and sibling partnership stage, spanning the manufacturing and service industries. Methods: A quantitative approach was used to survey employees in family enterprises in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling analysis was utilised to test the relationships between variables, while Importance-Performance Map Analysis and Multi-Group Analysis were implemented to provide deeper insights into the variables. Results: The results revealed that inclusive leadership positively influenced innovative behaviour in the sibling partnership stage and service companies, with affective commitment acting as the mediator. However, learning culture did not influence innovative behaviour and could not serve as a mediator. Conclusion: The findings emphasise the importance of adopting inclusive leadership, especially during the sibling partnership stage, and fostering affective commitment to enhancing innovation in family businesses. Contribution: This study offers valuable insights for leaders of family businesses seeking to improve innovativeness, resilience and sustainability. The findings enrich the existing literature on family business management.

Anggrek dendrobium merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman hias yang terkenal dengan keanekaragaman jenis dan keindahan bunganya. Pembungaan merupakan hal terpenting yang diharapkan dalam proses budidaya anggrek. Ada beberapa faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap proses pembungaan pada anggrek, di antaranya adalah jenis pupuk yang diberikan selama perawatan anggrek. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh beberapa jenis pupuk terhadap pertumbuhan dan pembungaan anggrek dendrobium Salaya Pink. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK), dengan 4 perlakuan jenis pupuk dan 8 ulangan. Beberapa perlakuan dalam penelitian ini antara lain; (1) Kontrol (tanpa pemupukan), (2). Pupuk Kimia (Osmocote Dekastar), (3). Pupuk Organik Pabrikan (Nutrigan), dan (4). Pupuk Ekoenzim. Parameter penelitian yang diamati, antara lain; jumlah daun, jumlah bulb, dan jumlah tanaman berbunga. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis Anova dengan uji lanjut Duncan menggunakan aplikasi SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan jenis pupuk berpengaruh nyata terhadap semua parameter pengamatan. Pupuk organik pabrikan (Nutrigan) dan pupuk Ekoenzim memberikan pengaruh terbaik terhadap jumlah daun, sedangkan pupuk Ekoenzim memberikan pengaruh terbaik terhadap jumlah bulb dan jumlah tanaman berbunga.

ABSTRACT: Necrotic enteritis (NE) is a poultry intestinal disease caused by virulent strains of the bacterium Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens). This anaerobic bacterium produces a wide range of enzymes and toxins in the gut which leads to NE development. It is generally accepted by the poultry veterinarians that netB-positive C. perfringens strains are virulent and netB-negative strains do not cause NE. However, NE pathogenesis remains unclear as contradictory results have been reported. The use of experimental in vivo models is a valuable tool to understand the pathogenesis of a disease. In this study, a chicken ligated loop model was used to determine the virulence status of 79 C. perfringens strains from various geographical locations, sources, and genotype profiles. According to our model and based on histologic lesion scoring, 9 C. perfringens strains were classified as commensal, 35 as virulent, and 34 as highly virulent. The virulence of only 1 C. perfringens strain could not be classified as its lesion score was variable (from 15). In general, NE lesions were more severe in intestinal loops inoculated with netB-positive C. perfringens strains than those inoculated with netB-negative strains. The prevalence of netB among strains classified as commensal, virulent, and highly virulent was 56% (5/9), 54%, (19/35), and 59% (20/34). These results suggest that NetB is not required to cause NE lesions and that other factors are also involved. The classification of the virulence status of C. perfringens strains should not be based solely on the presence or absence of this toxin. Therefore, the use of an in vivo model is essential to distinguish commensal from virulent strains of C. perfringens.

BackgroundImproved interventions are needed to reduce the rate of driving while intoxicated. Responsible beverage service (RBS) training has reduced service to intoxicated patrons in licensed premises in several studies. Its efficacy might be improved by increasing the proper application and continued use of RBS with a professional development program in the 3 to 5 years between the required RBS retraining. ObjectiveThis study aims to develop and evaluate a professional development component for an RBS training that aims to improve the effectiveness of the web-based training alone. MethodsIn a 2-phase project, we are creating a professional development component for alcohol servers after completing an RBS training. The first phase involved formative research on the feasibility, acceptability, and potential effectiveness of components. Semistructured interviews with owners and managers of licensed establishments and focus groups and a survey with alcohol servers in New Mexico and Washington State examined support for RBS and the need for ongoing professional development to support RBS. A prototype of a professional development component, WayToServe Plus, was produced for delivery in social media posts on advanced RBS skills, support from experienced servers, professionalism, and basic management training. The prototype was evaluated in a usability survey and a field pilot study with alcohol servers in California, New Mexico, and Washington State. The second phase of the project will include full production of the professional development component. It will be delivered in Facebook private groups over 12 months and evaluated with a sample of licensed premises (ie, bars and restaurants) in California, New Mexico, and Washington State (n=180) in a 2-group randomized field trial (WayToServe training only vs WayToServe training and WayToServe Plus). Licensed establishments will be assessed for refusal of sales to apparently intoxicated pseudopatrons at baseline and 12 months after the intervention commences. ResultsAlthough owners and managers (n=10) and alcohol servers (n=43) were favorable toward RBS, they endorsed the need for ongoing support for RBS for servers and identified topics of interest. A prototype with 50 posts was successfully created. Servers felt that it was highly usable and appropriate for themselves and the premises in the usability survey (n=20) and field pilot test (n=110), with 85% (17/20) and 78% (46/59), respectively, saying they would use it. Servers receiving the professional development component had higher self-efficacy (d=0.30) and response efficacy (d=0.38) for RBS compared with untreated controls. ConclusionsOwners, managers, and servers believed that an ongoing professional development component on RBS would benefit servers and licensed premises. Servers were interested in using such a program, a large majority engaged with the prototype, and servers receiving it improved on theoretic mediators of RBS. Thus, the professional development component may improve RBS training. Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT05779774; http://tinyurl.com/4mw6d2vk International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/49680

Abstract The recommended fixed dosage of betamethasone for pregnancies at risk of preterm birth was determined in the 1970s, regardless of gestational age (GA), number of fetuses, and maternal weight. We aimed to examine the association between maternal and neonatal betamethasone serum levels and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and to examine whether levels correlate with maternal weight, GA, or number of fetuses. A prospective study was conducted at a single academic medical center between August 2016 and February 2019. Women received betamethasone and delivered between 28+0 and 34+6 weeks were included. Maternal serum levels (MSLs), and neonatal serum levels (NSLs) of betamethasone at delivery were analyzed using Corticosteroid enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kit. RDS was diagnosed according to clinical and radiographic findings. We assumed that the sensitivity of NSLs to detect RDS is 95%; hence, 150 neonates were needed (power 80%, alpha 0.05). Overall, 124 women were included; including 96 (77.4%) singletons, 26 (21.0%) twins, and 2 (1.6%) triplets, corresponding to 154 neonates. RDS was diagnosed in 35 neonates (22.7%). After adjusting for GA, time elapsed from the last dose, and number of doses, NSLs were associated with RDS (relative risk: 0.97, 95% confidence interval: 0.94–0.99, p = 0.011). A level of 6.00 ng/ml predicted RDS with a sensitivity of 80.0% and specificity of 64.7%. Adjusted MSLs were not associated with RDS. Both maternal and neonatal serum levels were not associated with the number of fetuses and maternal weight. In conclusion, NSLs are associated with RDS whereas MSLs are not.

Intraplacental choriocarcinoma (IC), or choriocarcinoma in situ, is a rare disease on the gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) spectrum, with

Pelvic involvement of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is exceptionally rare. Herein, we present a case series of a 61-year-old, 88-year-old, and 79-year-old female, all with a history of CLL who underwent exploratory surgery with gynecologic oncologists for newly diagnosed pelvic masses and endometrial pathology. Intraoperative findings and pathology were consistent with CLL.

Introduction: Dog bite is a public health problem in Bhutan incurring huge cost of treatment. The general objective of the study was to see the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the burden of dog bite cases and the profile of patients, comparing with that of the year before the COVID-19 pandemic started (2019) at the National Referral Hospital. Methods: This is a retrospective record review of the dog bite cases in the year 2019 and 2020. The target population of the study were people living in Thimphu city. The dog bites that occurred outside Thimphu were excluded from the study. Proportion of dog bite according to demographic and clinical variables were calculated. Univariate and multivariate analysis were done to look for risk factors responsible for dog bite in 2020 compared to 2019. A statistically significant level was set at

La socioformación como modelo educativo surge como una alternativa para trascender el quehacer académico a niveles adaptados a la realidad actual por lo que su aplicación ha tenido un auge excepcional en los últimos años. La socioformación nace “con la finalidad de centrar las prácticas formativas en la resolución de aquellos problemas que más aquejan a la sociedad, por medio de la colaboración, el pensamiento complejo, la mejora y evaluación continua del desempeño, la flexibilidad curricular”. Por lo tanto, se propone este esquema con el afán de establecer nuevas formas de construcción del conocimiento con el aporte y experiencia de los actores internos y externos que formen parte de las instituciones educativas.

La conservación de las áreas verdes urbanas proporcionan beneficios de mitigación y adaptación al cambio climático, además de ofrecer servicios ecosistémicos para las poblaciones locales, donde la valoración económica de los bienes resulta una alternativa confiable para dicha finalidad. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la biomasa total y el valor económico de la reserva de Carbono del recurso arbóreo del Parque Dr. Claudio Pavetti. Fue realizado un inventario forestal identificando y midiendo todos los árboles con d1,30 cm ≥ 10 cm. Para la estimación de la biomasa total se aplicó la ecuación alométrica para la ecorregión Chaco Húmedo. Para la valoración económica se utilizó el precio promedio del primer semestre del año 2020, del valor de los Derechos de Emisión de la Unión Europea (EUA) reflejados en la Bolsa del Sistema Europeo de Negociación de CO2 (SENDECO2). Fueron identificados 94 individuos, pertenecientes a 22 especies, 21 géneros y 13 familias botánicas. Las especies que obtuvieron mayor valor de Carbono acumulado fueron Peltophorum dubium (54,62 Mg ha-1), Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil (23,56 Mg ha-1), Pterogyne nitens (18,75 Mg ha-1) y Parapiptadenia rigida (12,21 Mg ha-1). La biomasa total estimada fue de 281,86 Mg ha-1, lo que equivale a 132,47 Mg ha-1 de C y 485,74 Mg ha-1 de CO2 eq. El valor económico del servicio ecosistémico de la reserva de C asciende a 168,11 US$ ha-1.

La pérdida, degradación y fragmentación de bosques es un problema mundial normalmente relacionado a actividades forestales ilegales; la Restauración del Paisaje Forestal (RPF) se presenta como una alternativa para enfrentar estas problemáticas, consiguiendo involucrar y comprender a los actores interesados para lograr un proyecto exitoso. Esta investigación se enfocó en mujeres rurales organizadas del distrito de Yaguarón a objeto de proponer modelos innovadores para proyectos de RPF, considerando la cobertura forestal actual y actores clave, buscando mantener la equidad de género, transparencia y ética. Para esta investigación se analizó la cobertura forestal actual, se obtuvieron datos de fragmentación de los bosques; mediante talleres con investigadores se identificaron modelos forestales implementables, así como especies recomendadas. Para conocer la percepción de los actores clave se diseñó un cuestionario y se realizaron dos talleres, uno en cada comité de mujeres, en el mes de octubre de 2021. En éstos se buscó comprender qué modelos de proyectos de RPF serían de mayor interés para los actores locales. La cobertura forestal del distrito se clasificó en 6.487 ha de cobertura boscosa (≥ 2 ha) y 753 ha de cobertura arbórea (˂ 2 ha). La cobertura boscosa estuvo distribuida en 258 fragmentos y la cobertura arbórea en 1.881. Se identificaron 85 modelos forestales implementables clasificados según uso actual de la tierra. Entre ellos, el Sistema de Plantación Forestal con especies frutales fue el más seleccionado por las mujeres. Estos insumos servirán de base para la Planificación de la RPF de Yaguarón.

IntroductionNormocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism is a variant of primary hyperparathyroidism with consistently normal albumin-adjusted or free-ionized calcium levels. It may be an early stage of classic primary hyperparathyroidism or could represent primary kidney or bone disorder characterized by permanent elevation of PTH level. Aim of the studyThe study aims to compare the FGF-23 levels in patients with PHPT, NPHPT, and normal calcium and PTH levels.MethodsOur study included patients who were referred to the endocrinology clinic with a presumptive diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism, an isolated increased level of PTH, or reduced bone densitometry. For each patient, we performed blood analysis of FGF-23, calcium, phosphate, vitamin D [25(OH)D3], estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), bone turnover markers, and urine analysis for calcium/creatinine ratio.ResultsOur study included 105 patients. Thirty patients with hypercalcemic hyperparathyroidism (HPHPT group), thirty patients with elevated PTH and normal calcium levels (NPHPT group), and 45 patients with normal calcium and PTH levels in the control group. FGF 23 level was 59.5± 23 pg/ml in the NPHPT group, 77 ± 33 pg/ml in the HPHPT group, and 49.7 ± 21.7 pg/ml in the control group (p=0.012). The phosphate level was lowest in the HPHPT group: 2.9 ± 0.6 vs 3.5 ± 0.44 in the NPHPT and 3.8 ± 0.5 in the control groups (p=0.001). No differences were found in eGFR, 25(OH)D3, C-terminal telopeptide type I collagen (CTX) and procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) levels, and bone densitometry scores between the three study groups.ConclusionOur findings suggest that NPHPT is an early stage of PHPT. Further studies are needed to determine the role of FGF-23 and its usefulness in NPHPT.

A juventude, a partir da categoria futuro orientou a investigação. Com o objetivo de analisar as representações sociais sobre o futuro e juventude, buscou-se identificar a estrutura das representações; levantar elementos centrais e periféricos relacionados às práticas sociais. Foi realizada a aplicação de questionários com 129 estudantes do Senac-GO, processados pelos softwares SPSS e Iramuteq e submetidos à análise de estatística descritiva e de similitude. Conclui-se que o sistema de representações sociais dos jovens sobre o futuro é constituído a partir de condições históricas que perpetuam uma realidade desigual.

El presente trabajo se realizó con el objetivo de establecer una propuesta de implementación de biblioteca digital que facilite la investigación al personal médico de Hospital de Especialidades y Solca de Portoviejo. Se utilizó la metodología cuantitativa apoyada en el método descriptivo; permitió conocer los hechos actuales y reales del problema, ayudó a diseñar la investigación y el método analítico; radicó en establecer de manera más asertiva el objeto de estudio, además de aplicarse para la interpretación de los resultados obtenidos de la información recolectada. Entre los resultados se considera que los Hospitales de Especialidades y Solca de Portoviejo no cuentan con una biblioteca digital médica que ayude a facilitar la búsqueda y recuperación de información, lo cual constituye una debilidad para las instituciones; los médicos desearían contar con una biblioteca digital que les ayude a proveerse de información. Las conclusiones hacen énfasis en que los médicos utilizan base de datos especializadas en medicina entre ellas están Medline y Pubmed. Para implementar una biblioteca digital médica es necesario adoptar en ella estas bases de datos, que les permitirá acceder a información científica y de calidad.

O estudo tem como objetivo investigar quais os valores predominam e como estes são hierarquizados entre os jovens universitários; analisar como esses valores influenciam nos comportamentos cotidianos desses jovens e como determinam as práticas de ensino-aprendizagem e o relacionamento entre docentes e discentes para a formação desses valores. Tem sua metodologia de execução estruturada em uma abordagem à pesquisa quantitativa, qualitativa e descritiva, que analisa os resultados por meio de correlação da realidade empírica com a teoria que embasa o estudo. Para isso, realizou-se uma pesquisa de campo com 140 estudantes universitários, através da aplicação de um questionário embasado principalmente na teoria de Valores Humanos de Schwartz (1992). Os resultados demonstraram que há um conflito dentre os valores hierarquizados como mais importantes pelos universitários. Por um lado, estão a benevolência e o universalismo, que são valores autotranscedentes, e por outro lado, o hedonismo, que é um valor intrínseco, voltado para à abertura à mudança. Outro ponto a ser destacado é que os universitários consideram que esse ensino de valores deve ser feito preponderantemente pela família. Contudo, quando evocados sobre valores ensinados pelos seus professores, mencionam valores conservadores. Conclui-se que existe um choque de valores entre os que são ensinados pela família e os que são ensinados pelos professores, o que pode ser percebido através da hierarquização de valores.

Los formatos bibliográficos son esenciales en la redacción científica porque determinan el estilo en la que se emplearán las referencias bibliográficas en un determinado documento. La función de este tipo de formatos es uniformar la información, de tal forma que se sepa de antemano qué estilo se va a emplear en un determinado género académico ya sea ensayo, artículo, reseña o un libro en particular. Por lo general, quienes determinan qué tipo de formato va en un texto es la revista o la editorial donde se publicará el documento. Existen cientos de estilos de citación y referenciado; constan entre los más importantes las siguientes normas: Apa, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, Turabian, entre otras. A lo largo de este documento se explicará la importancia que los formatos bibliográficos tienen en la redacción académica y científica. Si bien existe una tendencia a que se escoja un estilo único para la escritura de documentos, la diversificación de normas ha enriquecido las publicaciones especializadas. Ninguna norma es más importante que otra, sino que actúa en los textos para brindar coherencia a todo el documento que se publica.

Procrastination is prevalent among students, as well as the general population, and has negative impacts on various domains. Several models aimed to understand factors associated with procrastination, with some suggesting that anxiety plays a significant role. Biological factors have been shown to contribute to individual differences in procrastination; however, little attention has been paid to the role of neuroendocrine factors on procrastination. The primary question addressed in the present study is whether neuroendocrine factors (testosterone and cortisol) moderate the association between state anxiety and procrastination. Eighty-eight participants (29 men; 32 women using oral contraceptives; and 27 women not using oral contraceptives and in their luteal phase) were tested for biomarkers and completed questionnaires. Results show that state anxiety is positively correlated with procrastination. Furthermore, testosterone levels moderate the correlation between state anxiety and procrastination. As testosterone levels drop, the positive correlation between state anxiety and procrastination becomes stronger, but when testosterone levels are higher, no significant association between state anxiety and procrastination is found. Cortisol levels do not moderate the relationship between state anxiety and procrastination. The role of neuroendocrine factors for psychological outcomes is discussed.

A busca por produtos provindos de Teca é crescente, devido suas características físico-mecânicas. Seu cultivo é cada vez maior em função do valor agregado da madeira. Visando minimizar o ciclo para obtenção de seus produtos, se faz necessário métodos que permitam acompanhar e identificar a qualidade dos plantios. Com isso, o manejo florestal e o sensoriamento remoto auxiliam na seleção de instrumentos de análise para plantios comerciais. O índice de uniformidade auxilia nas tomadas de decisões na qualidade silvicultural dos plantios. Este trabalho buscou correlações entre uniformidade e NDVI para investigar o desenvolvimento da Teca. Foram utilizadas imagens do Landsat8-OLI para obtenção do NDVI e valores de reflectância da Banda 6. A cultura de Teca foi implementada no ano de 2005. Os dados de campo foram provenientes de inventários florestais realizados a cada dois anos a partir do segundo após o plantio. Foram utilizados dados de altura dos inventários executados em maio de 2014 e 2016. Tendo idades de 9 e 11 anos, respectivamente. Os talhões utilizados foram 88, 89, 90, 91, 92 e 93. Foram mensuradas as alturas das árvores em 47 parcelas com área de aproximadamente 1.551 m² cada. Posteriormente, foi calculado o índice de uniformidade. A correlação foi feita através do coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. Os resultados do trabalho mostram ser possível acompanhar o desenvolvimento da Teca com a utilização de imagens de satélite em conjunto com dados de inventário florestal.

Partiendo de una conferencia dictada en el marco de un ciclo de reflexión sobre el archivo, se ofrece un diagnóstico general sobre la convergencia de dinámicas que explica la relevancia inédita de la cuestión en la actualidad. En un segundo momento, el trabajo se detiene en una dimensión particular de este proceso tal como transcurre en la Argentina, a saber: los efectos de la digitalización del archivo en la reconstrucción del pasado.

Background: One of the topics in health psychology is the positive effects of psychological trauma on people encountered a trauma and determining the facilitating factors of these positive effects. The present study was conducted to evaluate the relationship of posttraumatic growth with religious coping and social support among earthquake victims of Bam City, Iran, in 2015. Materials and Methods: The present study was a correlation study in which 230 participants from Bam were selected using cluster sampling method. The relevant data were collected using Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), Religious Coping Scale (RCOPE), and Multiple Scale of Social Support (MSPSS). Then the obtained data were analyzed in SPSS performing central tendency and dispersion tests, t test, variance analysis and correlation coefficients. Results: The total Mean±SD scores of posttraumatic growth, religious coping, and perceived social support were 3.66±0.61, 3.53±0.54 and 5.37±1.24, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between the total scores of posttraumatic growth and religious coping (P=0.0001, r=0.43). Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, improving religious coping and perceived social support could increase posttraumatic growth and provide better conditions for living and decreasing society problems.

En el presente artículo se valora cómo desde el proceso docente educativo (PDE) se dan las posibilidades para evaluar y educar, aspectos esenciales en la formación de los ciudadanos como parte de la Estrategia del Buen Vivir, todo ello desde las posibilidades que brindan los componentes, eslabones y formas del PDE, como aspectos de una unidad teórica totalizadora que se manifiestan desde los componentes, las relaciones o leyes, las cualidades y los resultados.

El presente artículo hace referencia a la importancia de incluir en el currículo, desde cada materia, las rúbricas que se tendrán en cuenta para medir el nivel de impacto del proceso docente educativo, dentro del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Desde esta perspectiva, aborda los aspectos que intervienen en la concepción de un modelo pedagógico de evaluación por competencias profesionales integradas, lo que resulta de vital importancia para la formación de los profesionales que requiere el mundo actual. Se evidencian las vías para priorizar el aprendizaje por encima de la enseñanza, por lo cual su esencia está en preparar al individuo para aprender a aprender, crearle los mecanismos para adquirir nuevos conocimientos y que puedan ser estos evaluados de forma acertada dentro del mismo proceso. En este sentido, resulta indispensable revalorizar la educación superior universitaria, la cual debe ser la enseñanza de más alta calidad, para formar profesionales que aporten a la sociedad, al mismo tiempo que aseguren condiciones de vida dignas y emancipadoras. Esto se logra cuando los estudiantes, que serán los actores sociales, sean conscientes de las rúbricas por las que será evaluado en su proceso de formación, desde el momento en que les sea presentado su currículo.

En el presente trabajo analizamos los aspectos que intervienen en el proceso de evaluación como elemento esencial para la calidad educativa, ya que arroja distintas clases de información que permiten tomar decisiones mejor informadas y entender el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje que no es tan claro sin su aplicación. Se expone el uso pedagógico de los resultados orienta el trabajo de las instituciones, los docentes, los estudiantes y el entorno, así como se destaca la importancia de verla como una herramienta para potenciar los aprendizajes y los procesos que ocurren en el aula, dentro del ciclo de calidad que busca fortalecer las instituciones educativas y conjuga estándares básicos de competencia, procesos de evaluación, diseño e implementación de planes de mejoramiento institucional.

Type 1 diabetes is a multi-factorial disease that can develop due to the combination of genetic and environmental factors. Viruses, particularly enteroviruses, are major environmental candidates in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes, even though the mechanisms of pathogenicity of these viruses and their effects on the immune system have not been understood very well yet. Previous studies show that any imbalance in the population of different lymphocyte subsets could develop autoimmune diseases. Our theory is that enteroviral infection causes an impairment in the distribution of lymphocyte subtypes and consequently results in the diabetes onset in some individuals. Therefore, in this project, we evaluated the distribution of T CD8+ lymphocytes and their subsets in type 1 diabetes patients. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between enteroviral infection and type 1 diabetes mellitus in an Iranian population, and suggestion a predicting approach for susceptible subjects. Keywords: Type 1 diabetes mellitus, Enterovirus, CD8+T, Flow cytometry, GAD65

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo referir el rol actual del bibliotecario/bibliotecólogo respecto a la necesidad de apertura hacia nuevas y variadas formas de recopilar, organizar y promover la información, también reseñar, que precisan incurrir en procesos de formación para un manejo adecuado de fuentes de información en formato digital, debido al hecho que las TIC (Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación) son aliada estratégica en la labor bibliográfica para brindar un adecuado servicio de informacion. La temática se aborda con una metodología de investigación cualicuantitativa, precisamente con personal inmerso en el quehacer biliotecológico que participa mediante entrevistas y encuestas aplicadas a los usuarios de información para dar a conocer el sentir y experiencia en el desarrollo del trabajo del personal que labora en biblioteca, desde la perspectiva del quienes ofertan el servicio y aquellos que lo reciben. Con los datos obtenidos se puede determinar que el perfil del personal que labora en las bibliotecas y centros de infomación, aquellos que lo hacen porque tienen varios años dedicados al trabajo como bibliotecario o los que poseen una formación profesional como bibliotecólogos, debe ser proactivo, pero lo más interesante que se puede destacar de la información recopilada es que ellos, estan consientes de esta exigencia de innovación, de mejora constante y formación continua, misma que es necesaria debido a las exigencias de los usuarios de información quienes requieren indagar, seleccionar, definir y obtener información en diversos formatos la cual debe ser actualizada y contrastada. Otro de los requisitos que precisa tener el bibliotecario/bibliotecólogo es una vasta cultura general, compromiso y responsabilidad social, debido a que su rol no solo se centra en atender requerimientos de información, debe realizar también actividades de orientación a los usuarios mediante la alfabetización informacional (ALFIN), como parte de una acertada ejecución de las tareas a ellos encomendadas como profesionales de la organización y gestión de la información.

Lila Matsumoto reviews Toward. Some. Air.: Remarks on Poetics, edited by Fred Wah and Amy De’Ath (2015); Shalini Sengupta reviews For the Future: Poems & Essays in Honour of J.H. Prynne on the Occasion of his 80th Birthday, edited by Ian Brinton (2016).

Objectives: to know the social representation of medical and compare it among medical students of the fourth year and users of the Unified Health System ( SUS). Methods: this study used a field survey by questionnaire with open and closed questions Results: social representation of the doctor is different for the groups. Conclusion: The research concluded that for medical students the doctor is a professional and responsible worker and SUS users entered in the Family Health Strategy is a medical health professional. It also concluded that the patient is no longer passive against the health-disease process and seeks always know their rights and collect them . With this, even the biomedical model is no longer satisfactory making room for the biopsychosocial model .

Background: Identification of the effective factors in reducing response time in prehospital emergency medical service (EMS) can assist in improving its services. This study aimed at reviewing the effect of applying global positioning system (GPS) on response time of Tehran EMS ambulances. Materials and Methods: Of 132 Tehran EMS stations, 24 ones were randomly selected, and relevant data, including the response time of all missions in 2009 (without GPS) and in 2011 (with GPS) as well as number of daily calls to each dispatch center were extracted. The average number of daily calls in the call centers were categorized into 3 groups as follows: I) ≤10 calls, II) 10 to 15 calls, and III) >15 calls. The statistical analysis of the obtained data was carried out by paired t test. Results: The findings revealed that the average response times in 2009 for the 3 groups (I, II, and III) were 10.11, 11.25, and 10.92 minutes, respectively. These times recorded for groups (I, II, and III) in 2011 were 9.86, 10.71, and 11.58 minutes, respectively, which were significantly less than the response times recorded in 2009 (P

The possible effects of stress and neurobiological stress mechanisms on visuospatial abilities remain largely unknown. In the current study, we examined the combined effect of sex hormones and both the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA-A) and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) on stress-induced changes in visuospatial performance. A total of 107 participants completed a mental rotation task and were subsequently exposed to either to the Trier social stress test (TSST) or to a control condition before completing the mental rotation task again. HPA-A and SNS reactivity of the participants were evaluated by measuring salivary alpha amylase (sAA; an SNS activation marker) and cortisol in four saliva samples. Pre-stress levels of sex hormones (progesterone, estradiol, and testosterone) were also measured. The TSST enhanced mental rotation performance, and this enhancement was negatively correlated with baseline estradiol levels and positively correlated with the level of cortisol reactivity among men. In addition, controlling for baseline levels of testosterone, estradiol, and progesterone diminished this effect of stress. These results imply that the stress-induced facilitation of mental rotation performance is modulated by baseline sex hormones and provide preliminary support to the notion that a complex interaction between sex hormones and neuroendocrine stress mechanisms mediates the influence of stress on visuospatial performance.

Los Medios alternativos de solución de conflictos constituyen la base del Sistema Acusatorio Adversarial, en la medida en que pueden considerarse como un tipo de muro de contención donde, no sólo el sistema criminal, sino también cualquier otro sistema de justicia, tiene el primer contacto con el gobernado que solicita acceso a la justicia. Estos mecanismos, en conjunción con el concepto de Justicia Restaurativa, representan una figura de novedosa inclusión en el sistema jurídico mexicano y pilar del Sistema Adversarial, intentando crear una nueva cultura en la resolución de conflictos y especialmente en la justicia por la paz. No podemos negar que los mecanismos alternativos de solución de conflictos están estrechamente relacionados con la celebración de acuerdos reparatorios, totalmente regulados por el Código Nacional de Procedimientos Penales, estableciendo su definición, los casos de origen, los motivos de inadmisibilidad, la oportunidad de solicitar y presentando una visión general de en donde pueden ser una manera eficaz de resolver conflictos y si es posible, establecer una forma adecuada para el monitoreo y vigilancia de los mismos.

This paper reports the results of a research study whose main purpose was to identify aspects related to power relationships in a group of ninth-grade English learners. An EFL classroom was used as the setting to analyze power relationships among students. A qualitative case study was carried out in a public school from Sogamoso; the participants were 8 students, selected at random from a group of 35. The data was gathered through field notes, video recordings and focused interviews. After analyzing the data, it was found that aspects connected to power relationships sometimes either helped or hindered the participants’ English language learning process. Positive and negative features concerning power relationships within the EFL classroom were identified. Positive features include the use of power to motivate the accomplishment of tasks. Negative features include the use of power to suppress others thereby limiting their ability to express opinions in class.

O artigo busca um diálogo possível entre aspectos da teoria de Vygotsky e de Moscovici, tendo como ponto de partida temas que interessam a educação escolar. Para isso, relaciona no contexto histórico, cada teoria e autor, tratando de três pontos específicos em suas respectivas obras: a natureza do ser humano, a natureza do conhecimento e a relação do senso comum com a ciência. Espera-se que a investigação possibilite novos olhares aos pesquisadores, especialmente da área da educação.

Objetivo descrever a formação dos fonoaudiólogos que atuam em equoterapia e as linhas gerais da intervenção fonoaudiológica na área proposta pelos mesmos. Métodos trata-se de uma pesquisa prospectiva transversal, que foi realizada com fonoaudiólogos que atuam com equoterapia nos centros cadastrados pela Associação Nacional de Equoterapia do estado de São Paulo. Como critérios para inclusão na pesquisa, os fonoaudiólogos participantes deveriam ter realizado algum curso específico de equoterapia e atuar na área há mais de um ano. Os resultados foram apresentados por meio de análise descritiva, divididos em 13 quadros de acordo com as questões realizadas. Resultados foram encontrados 47 centros de equoterapia cadastrados. Foi realizado o contato telefônico com todos os centros, e dentre eles 14 não possuíam fonoaudióloga na equipe, 22 não responderam, 11 questionários foram encaminhados e 06 questionários foram respondidos. Conclusão o grupo de profissionais apontou que o papel do fonoaudiólogo dentro da equipe de equoterapia, além de atuar diretamente com o praticante, é participar do planejamento terapêutico, esclarecer, mostrar e provar a importância do trabalho fonoaudiológico para a equipe e orientar a família do praticante. Porém, foi constatado que não há procedimentos e fundamentação teórica considerada padrão para a prática fonoaudiológica na equoterapia.

Hydrogel nanocomposites based on alginate polysaccharide were prepared by graft copolymerization of acrylamide and itaconic acid in the presence of carbon nanotube, using methylene bisacrylamide and ammonium persulfate as crosslinker and initiator, respectively. The synthesized samples were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The effect of carbon nanotube content on some properties of the nanocomposites was investigated. The results showed that with increasing carbon nanotube content, the rate of water absorbency and equilibrium swelling in distilled water decreased whereas in saline solutions the water absorbency increased. Water retention capacity was also studied and the results indicated that the inclusion of carbon nanotube causes an increase in water retention under heating and loud. Furthermore, the possibilities of Cd (II) ion adsorption of samples have been investigated. It was found that incorporation of nanotubes into the hydrogel structure increased the Cd (II) metal ion adsorption capacity of the nanocomposites compared to a free-carbon nanotube sample. It is concluded that the hydrogels can be used as fast-responsive and high capacity sorbents in Cd (II) ion removing processes.

This paper examines a selection of Finlay’s concrete poetry which uses imitation and repetition as both method and raw material. I suggest that the poems’ evident pastiche of particular works and iteration of word units create a context whereby a pattern of human behaviour unfolds in whimsical and startling ways.

For marine mammals, the ability to tolerate apnea and make extended dives is a defining adaptive trait, facilitating the exploitation of marine food resources. Elevated levels of myoglobin within the muscles are a consistent hallmark of this trait, allowing oxygen collected at the surface to be stored in the muscles and subsequently used to support extended dives. In mysticetes, the largest of marine predators, details on muscular myoglobin levels are limited. The developmental trajectory of muscular myoglobin stores has yet to be documented and any physiological links between early behavior and the development of muscular myoglobin stores remain unknown. In this study, we used muscle tissue samples from stranded mysticetes to investigate these issues. Samples from three different age cohorts and three species of mysticetes were included (total sample size = 18). Results indicate that in mysticete calves, muscle myoglobin stores comprise only a small percentage (17-23%) of conspecific adult myoglobin complements. Development of elevated myoglobin levels is protracted over the course of extended maturation in mysticetes. Additionally, comparisons of myoglobin levels between and within muscles, along with details of interspecific differences in rates of accumulation of myoglobin in very young mysticetes, suggest that levels of exercise may influence the rate of development of myoglobin stores in young mysticetes. This new information infers a close interplay between the physiology, ontogeny and early life history of young mysticetes and provides new insight into the pressures that may shape adaptive strategies in migratory mysticetes. Furthermore, the study highlights the vulnerability of specific age cohorts to impending changes in the availability of foraging habitat and marine resources.

This paper is part of the thesis work for the Mastery in Environment and Development. It aims to show the main postulates which are the result of the current research, through the approaches of Behavioral Economics and the Theories of Motivation; it is firstly intended to determine the main factors why people use water and subsequently, which motivations would lead them to save water or to have behaviors that make them reduce the high current water consumption. Being one of the responsibilities of society with future generations and the environment. This research is pioneer in the State of Antioquia and one of the first in Colombia, because the Behavioral Economics is barely starting to be integrated into the study of the natural resources especially that of water, and it shows how the different scientific disciplines are articulated and how they interact with the societal systems to achieve the goals which contribute to the country ́s development.

Domestic violence, understood as all forms of violence practiced in private sphere by persons who live together orare connected emotionally with the victim, is a current subject, which has been widely discussed and investigated inthe different areas of knowledge. This is a issue of high prevalence, considered a public health problem and aviolation of human rights. This article presents a theoretical review on this topic, focusing on mechanisms aimed atminimizing the situation of victimization, such as public policies and specialized police stations. Also presents abrief overview of coping strategies of women facing violence. It discusses the need for research that may help inunderstanding the concept and broaden the understanding of the process developed by women in domesticviolence situation.

Justificación y objetivo: Las malformaciones congénitas constituyen la segunda causa de mortalidad infantil en Costa Rica; este estudio se realizó con el objetivo de determinar la prevalencia de nacidos malformados y polimalformados durante 1996-2005, y describir su comportamiento en tiempo, lugar y persona. Métodos: Se consideró malformado simple a todo individuo cuya malformación se hubiera codificado mediante la CIE 10, y polimalformado a los recién nacidos diagnosticados con un síndrome o con al menos 2 malformaciones codificadas. Fuente de información: Centro de Registro de Malformaciones Congénitas, (base poblacional) y Centro Centroamericano de Población (datos en línea). Se analizaron las prevalencias en tiempo, según condición al nacer, edad de la madre, provincia de residencia y sexo del recién nacido. Se realizó además una regresión logística, tomando como variable dependiente la presencia o no de malformación, y como independiente la edad y residencia de la madre, así como el sexo del recién nacido. Resultados: Se registraron 11.099 recién nacidos malformados simples, prevalencia del 1,47% (IC 95% = 1,44 - 1,49), y 2.629 polimalformados, prevalencia de 34,8/10.000 nacidos (IC 95%= 33,4 - 36,1). Dentro del grupo de polimalformados, 1.065/2.629 (40,5%) presentaron síndromes y 1.564/2.629 (59,5%) evidencian asociación de dos o más malformaciones. Las malformaciones más frecuentes fueron aquellas del sistema osteomuscular. El síndrome más frecuente fue el de Down. Durante el segundo quinquenio analizado se presentó un aumento significativo de la prevalencia de polimalformados en la provincia de Limón. La prevalencia de malformados y polimalformados fue significativamente mayor tanto en el sexo masculino como para las madres de más de 35 años. El riesgo en mujeres con edades superiores a 35 años, de dar a luz un polimalformado, fue 2,4 veces el de aquellas de menor edad (IC 95%=2,2-2,6). Conclusión: La edad de la madre y el sexo del recién nacido son factores de riesgo para la presencia de malformaciones. Se requiere de estudios analíticos para determinar las causas del aumento significativo de la prevalencia de polimalformados, a partir de 2001 en la provincia de Limón.Background and aim: Congenital malformations are the second leading cause of infant mortality in Costa Rica. We studied the prevalence of malformed and polymalformed newborns between the years of 1996 and 2005 and describe the secular trend of these congenital diseases. Methods: The population based passive registry of the Congenital Malformations Registry Center, INCIENSA and the online database of the Central American Center for Population of the University of Costa Rica were the data sources. A newborn with malformation coded with a single CIE 10 number was classified as "simple" and as "polymalformed" when he or she presented at least 2 malformations or a specific syndrome. Prevalence of these congenital diseases were analyzed in time according to birth’s condition (dead or alive), mother’s age, province of residence, and newborn’s gender. Additionally, a logistic regression model was performed using the presence or absence of malformation as dependent variable and the mother’s age, place of residence and newborn gender as independent variables. Results: Of the total of newborns during the study period (n=755 978), 1.47% (95% = 1.44 - 1.49) were malformed (11 099 newborns) and 34.8 / 10 000 infants (95% = 33.4 to 36.1) were polymalformed (2 629 newborns). Of the total malformed newborns, 40.5% presented syndromes and 59.5% had association of 2 or more malformations. Malformations related to the skeletalmuscle system and to Down’s syndrome were the most common. Different from findings in other provinces, the prevalence of polymalformations increased significatively in the Province of Limon during the second quinquennium of the study period. The prevalence of malformed and polymalformed newborns was significantly higher in males as well as in children born of mothers older than 35 years. The risk of having a polymalformed newborn baby was 2.4 times higher in women aged ≥ 35 years than in those with lower age (95% = 2.2-2.6). Conclusion: This study suggests that mother’s age and newborn’s gender confer an important risk for delivering children with malformations. More research is needed to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the increased prevalence of multiple malformations in the Province of Limon since 2001.

Nos proponemos en este artículo determinar fases o momentos en el desarrollo histórico de la población de Santiago de León de Caracas y establecer las relaciones con la estructura y dinámica del espacio urbano desde mediados del siglo XVIII hasta comienzos del siglo XIX. Las partes consideradas son las siguientes: la primera, destinada al estudio de las matrículas parroquiales o padrones eclesiásticos de la ciudad de Santiago de León de Caracas, análisis y valoración de estas fuentes, aportes, ventajas y limitaciones en la reconstrucción del proceso histórico; y la segunda, dedicada al análisis de la estructura de la población específicamente entre los años 1772 y 1815, compuesta por españoles, negros libres, negros esclavos e indios y sus relaciones con el espacio urbano integrado por las parroquias eclesiásticas: Catedral, San Pablo, Candelaria y Altagracia.

Purpose: In current study determined the status of pruritus and its relation to dialysis adequacy and laboratory factors among hemodialysis patients in Shiraz dialysis centers. So it could be planned appropriate interventions for promotion of quality of Life. Methods: This study is a cross sectional study that based on data collected from 141 patients. That selected by convenient sampling. We used a questionnaire, interview, and lab test for data collection. Data were analyzed using SPSS 11.5 software and appropriate tests. Significance level considered at 0.05 Results: The mean age of our patients was 53±16 years, (82.3% were married), and 53.2%of them were male. Of these patients 39.7% had pruritus that most of them (48.1%) reported they had pruritus in different time of during the day. A significant correlation was found between dialysis adequacy and pruritus (p=0.029), and correlation of pruritus and high sensitive-C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were significantly positive (p=0.009). Conclusion: Pruritus is a common problem in haemodialysis patients, which is significantly associated with dialysis adequacy and hs-CRP. The level of their quality of life could be with some appropriate interventions.

Este trabalho apresenta um levantamento dos casos atendidos no setor de Psicologia de uma Delegacia para a Mulher, em município da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre, no período de 2006 a 2008. A amostra empírica compreende 351 mulheres, com idades entre 12 e 78 anos, com relato de violência física, psicológica e sexual contra elas ou seus filhos. Foi observada a presença de violência nas famílias de origem das mulheres e dos agressores. Os dados levantados confirmam estudos que apontam que a maioria dos casos de agressão contra a mulher ocorre em seus próprios lares. Observou-se também que o uso de álcool e drogas e a presença de violência anterior nas famílias podem ser apontados como fatores de risco para a perpetuação do fenômeno. Destaca-se a importância de projetos de prevenção e intervenção junto a essa população.

The phytochemical composition and physicochemical attributes of polyphenol-enriched protein particle ingredients produced with pulse proteins (e.g. chickpea protein, pea protein, and a chickpea-pea protein blend) and polyphenols recovered from wild blueberry pomace were investigated for colloidal and interfacial properties. Anthocyanins were the major polyphenol fraction (27.74-36.47 mg C3G/g) of these polyphenol-rich particles (44.95-62.08 mg GAE/g). Dispersions of pea protein-polyphenol particles showed a superior phase stability before and after heat treatment compared to the chickpea pea protein-polyphenol system. This observation was independent of the added amount of NaCl in the dispersion. In general, at quasi equilibrium state, pulse protein-polyphenol particles and parental pulse protein ingredients showed similar oil-water interfacial tension. However, pea protein-polyphenol particles demonstrated a reduced diffusion-driven oil-water interfacial adsorption rate constant compared to the parental pea protein ingredient. Overall, the obtained results suggest application potential of pea protein-polyphenol particles as a functional food/beverage ingredient., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)