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1. Genomic and epidemiological report of the recombinant XJ lineage SARS-CoV-2 variant, detected in northern Finland, January 2022

Author

Lindh, E. (Erika), Smura, T. (Teemu), Blomqvist, S. (Soile), Liitsola, K. (Kirsi), Vauhkonen, H. (Hanna), Savolainen, L. (Laura), Ikonen, J. (Jaana), Ronkainen, J. (Jukka), Taskila, J. (Jyri), Sakaranaho, P. (Pertti), Savolainen-Kopra, C. (Carita), Vapalahti, O. (Olli), Ikonen, N. (Niina), Lindh, E. (Erika), Smura, T. (Teemu), Blomqvist, S. (Soile), Liitsola, K. (Kirsi), Vauhkonen, H. (Hanna), Savolainen, L. (Laura), Ikonen, J. (Jaana), Ronkainen, J. (Jukka), Taskila, J. (Jyri), Sakaranaho, P. (Pertti), Savolainen-Kopra, C. (Carita), Vapalahti, O. (Olli), and Ikonen, N. (Niina)

Abstract

Recombinant sequences of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant were detected in surveillance samples collected in north-western Finland in January 2022. We detected 191 samples with an identical genome arrangement in weeks 3 to 11, indicating sustained community transmission. The recombinant lineage has a 5’-end of BA.1, a recombination breakpoint between orf1a and orf1b (nucleotide position 13,296–15,240) and a 3’-end of BA.2 including the S gene. We describe the available genomic and epidemiological data about this currently circulating recombinant XJ lineage.

Published
2022

3. Transmission of HIV Drug Resistance and the Predicted Effect on Current First-line Regimens in Europe

Author

Moutschen, M., Hofstra, Laura Marije Arije, Sauvageot, Nicolas, Albert, Jan, Alexiev, Ivailo, Garcia, Federico, Struck, Daniel, Van, de Vijver, Åsjö, Birgitta, Beshkov, Danail, Coughlan, Suzie, Descamps, Diane, Griskevicius, Algirdas, Hamouda, Osamah, Horban, Andrzej, Van Kasteren, Marjo, Kolupajeva, Tatjana, Kostrikis, Leontios G., Liitsola, Kirsi, Linka, Marek, Mor, Orna, Nielsen, Claus, Otelea, Dan, Paraskevis, Dimitrios N., Paredes, Roger, Poljak, Mario, Puchhammer-Stöckl, Elisabeth, Sönnerborg, Anders, Staneková, Danica, Stanojevic, Maja, Van Laethem, Kristel, Zazzi, Maurizio, Zidovec Lepej, Snjezana, Boucher, Charles A. B., Schmit, Jean-Claude, Wensing, Annemarie M. J., Puchhammer-Stockl, E., Sarcletti, M., Schmied, B., Geit, M., Balluch, G., Vandamme, A. M., Vercauteren, J., Derdelinckx, I., Sasse, A., Bogaert, M., Ceunen, H., De Roo, A., De Wit, S., Echahidi, F., Fransen, K., Goffard, J. -C, Goubau, P., Goudeseune, E., Yombi, J. -C, Lacor, P., Liesnard, C., Pierard, D., Rens, R., Schrooten, Y., Vaira, D., Vandekerckhove, L. P. R., Van, den Heuvel, Van, Der Gucht, Van Ranst, M., Van Wijngaerden, E., Vandercam, B., Vekemans, M., Verhofstede, C., Clumeck, N., Van Laethem, K., Lepej, S. Z., Begovac, J., Demetriades, Ioannis, Kousiappa, Ioanna, Demetriou, Victoria L., Hezka, Johana, Linka, M., Maly, M., Machala, L., Nielsen, C., Jørgensen, L. B., Gerstoft, J., Mathiesen, L., Pedersen, C., Nielsen, H., Laursen, A., Kvinesdal, B., Liitsola, K., Ristola, M., Suni, J., Sutinen, J., Descamps, D., Assoumou, L., Castor, G., Grude, M., Flandre, P., Storto, A., Hamouda, O., Kücherer, C., Berg, T., Braun, P., Poggensee, G., Däumer, M., Eberle, J., Heiken, H., Kaiser, R., Knechten, H., Korn, K., Müller, H., Neifer, S., Schmidt, B., Walter, H., Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer, B., Harrer, T., Hatzakis, Angelos E., Zavitsanou, Assimina, Vassilakis, A., Lazanas, Marios C., Chini, Maria C., Lioni, A., Sakka, V., Kourkounti, Sofia, Paparizos, Vassilios A., Antoniadou, Anastasia C., Papadopoulos, Antonios I., Poulakou, Garyphallia G., Katsarolis, I., Protopapas, K., Chryssos, Georgios, Drimis, Stylianos, Gargalianos, Panagiotis, Xylomenos, Georgios, Lourida, G., Psichogiou, Mina A., Daikos, George L., Sipsas, N. V., Kontos, Athanasios N., Gamaletsou, M. N., Koratzanis, Georgios, Sambatakou, H., Mariolis, H., Skoutelis, A., Papastamopoulos, V., Georgiou, O., Panagopoulos, Periklis, Maltezos, E., Coughlan, S., De Gascun, C., Byrne, C., Duffy, M., Bergin, C., Reidy, D., Farrell, G., Lambert, J., O'Connor, E., Rochford, A., Low, J., Coakely, P., O'Dea, S., Hall, W., Mor, O., Levi, I., Chemtob, D., Grossman, Z., Zazzi, M., de Luca, A., Balotta, Claudia, Riva, C., Mussini, C., Caramma, I., Capetti, A., Colombo, M. C., Rossi, C., Prati, F., Tramuto, F., Vitale, F., Ciccozzi, M., Angarano, G., Rezza, G., Kolupajeva, T., Vasins, O., Griskevicius, A., Lipnickiene, V., Schmit, J. C., Struck, D., Hemmer, R., Arendt, V., Michaux, C., Staub, T., Sequin-Devaux, C., Wensing, A. M. J., Boucher, C. A. B., van, de Vijver, van Kessel, A., van Bentum, P. H. M., Brinkman, K., Connell, B. J., van, der Ende, Hoepelman, I. M., van Kasteren, M., Kuipers, M., Langebeek, N., Richter, C., Santegoets, R. M. W. J., Schrijnders-Gudde, L., Schuurman, R., van, de Ven, Kran, A. -M B., Ormaasen, V., Aavitsland, P., Horban, A., Stanczak, J. J., Stanczak, G. P., Firlag-Burkacka, E., Wiercinska-Drapalo, A., Jablonowska, E., Maolepsza, E., Leszczyszyn-Pynka, M., Szata, W., Camacho, Ricardo J., Palma, C., Borges, F., Paixão, T., Duque, V., Araújo, F., Otelea, D., Paraschiv, S., Tudor, A. M., Cernat, R., Chiriac, C., Dumitrescu, F., Prisecariu, L. J., Stanojevic, M., Jevtovic, Dj, Salemovic, D., Stanekova, D., Habekova, M., Chabadová, Z., Drobkova, T., Bukovinova, P., Shunnar, A., Truska, P., Poljak, M., Lunar, M., Babic, Dunja Z., Tomazic, J., Vidmar, L., Vovko, T., Karner, P., Garcia, F., Paredes, R., Monge, S., Moreno, S., del Amo, J., Asensi, V., Sirvent, J. L., de Mendoza, C., Delgado, R., Gutiérrez, F., Berenguer, J., Garcia-Bujalance, S., Stella, Natalia C., de, los Santos, Blanco, J. R., Dalmau, D., Rivero, M., Segura, F., Elıás, Marıá Jesús Pérez, Alvarez, M., Chueca, N., Rodríguez-Martín, C., Vidal, C., Palomares, J. C., Viciana, I., Viciana, P., Cordoba, J., Aguilera, A., Domingo, P., Galindo, M. J., Miralles, C., del Pozo, M. A., Ribera, E., Iribarren, J. A., Ruiz, L., de, la Torre, Vidal, F., Clotet, B., Heidarian, A., Aperia-Peipke, K., Axelsson, M., Mild, M., Karlsson, A., Sönnerborg, A., Thalme, A., Navér, L., Bratt, G., Blaxhult, A., Gisslén, M., Svennerholm, B., Bergbrant, I., Björkman, Per, Säll, C., Mellgren, Å., Lindholm, A., Kuylenstierna, N., Montelius, R., Azimi, F., Johansson, B., Carlsson, M., Johansson, E., Ljungberg, B., Ekvall, H., Strand, A., Mäkitalo, S., Öberg, S., Holmblad, P., Höfer, M., Holmberg, H., Josefson, P., Ryding, U., Van Kessel, A., Clinical sciences, Microbiology and Infection Control, Supporting clinical sciences, Clinicum, Department of Medicine, Virology, Cohorte de Adultos de la Red de Investigación en SIDA, Spain., SPREAD Program, [Hofstra,LM, Sauvageot,N, Struck,D, Schmit,JC ] Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg. [Hofstra,LM, Wensing,AMJ] Department of Virology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands. [Albert,J, Sönnerborg,A] Karolinska Institute, Solna. Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. [Alexiev,I, Beshkov,D] National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria. [Garcia,F] Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada. Instituto de Investigación IBS Granada, Spain. [Van de Vijver,DAMC, Boucher,CAB] Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. [Åsjö,B] University of Bergen, Norway. [Coughlan,S] University College Dublin, Ireland. [Descamps,D] AP-HP Groupe hospitalier Bichat-Claude Bernard. IAME INSERM UMR 1137. Université Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France. [Griskevicius,A] Lithuanian AIDS Center, Vilnius, Lithuania. [Hamouda,O] Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany. [Horban,A] Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Warsaw, Poland. [Van Kasteren,M] St Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands. [Kolupajeva,T] Infectiology Center of Latvia, Riga. [Kostrikis,LG] University of Cyprus, Nicosia. [Liitsola,K] Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland. [Linka,M] National Reference Laboratory for HIV/AIDS, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic. [Mor,O] National HIV Reference Laboratory, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel. [Nielsen,C] Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Otelea,D] National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'Prof. dr. Matei Bals', Bucharest, Romania. [Paraskevis,D] National Retrovirus Reference Center, University of Athens, Greece. [Paredes,R] IrsiCaixa Foundation, Badalona, Spain. [Poljak,M] Faculty of Medicine, Slovenian HIV/AIDS Reference Centre, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Puchhammer-Stöckl,E] Medical University Vienna, Austria. [Staneková,D] Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia. [Stanojevic,M] Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia. [Van Laethem,K] Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Belgium. [Zazzi,M] University of Siena, Italy. [Zidovec Lepej,S] University Hospital for Infectious Diseases 'Dr. Fran Mihaljevic', Zagreb, Croatia., This work was supported by a CORE grant of Fond National de la Recherche Luxembourg (grant number C12/BM/4011111–HIV molecular epidemiology in Europe). This work has been partially supported by the European Commission (fifth framework, grant number QLK2-CT-2001-01344, sixth framework, grant number LSHP-CT-2006-518211, DynaNets grant number 233847, seventh framework, CHAIN grant number 223131), Belgium: Belgian AIDS Reference Laboratory Fund, Belgian Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (grant number G.0692.14), Cyprus: Cyprus Research Promotion Foundation (grant number Health/0104/22), Denmark: Danish AIDS Foundation, France: Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le SIDA et les Hepatites Virales, Germany: Ministry of Health (grant number 1502-686-18), Ministry of Education and Research (grant number 01KI501), Italy: Fifth National Program on HIV/AIDS, Instituto Superiore di Sanità (grant numbers 40F.56 and 20D.1.6), Luxembourg: Fondation Recherche sur le SiDA and Ministry of Health, Republic of Serbia: Ministry of Education and Science (grant number 175024), Slovakia: project 'Center of Excellence of Environmental Health,' ITMS number 26240120033, based on supporting operational research and development program financed from the European Regional Development Fund, and Sweden: Swedish Research Council and Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency., APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Graduate School, Hofstra, LM, Sauvageot, N, Albert, J, Alexiev, I, Garcia, F, Struck, D, Van de Vijver, DA, Åsjö, B, Beshkov, D, Coughlan, S, Descamps, D, Griskevicius, A, Hamouda, O, Horban, A, Van Kasteren, M, Kolupajeva, T, Kostrikis, LG, Liitsola, K, Linka, M, Mor, O, Nielsen, C, Otelea, D, Paraskevis, D, Paredes, R, Poljak, M, Puchhammer-Stöckl, E, Sönnerborg, A, Staneková, D, Stanojevic, M, Van Laethem, K, Zazzi, M, Lepej, SZ, Boucher, CA, Schmit, JC, Wensing, AM, SPREAD program investigators, including Vitale F and Tramuto, F, Vandamme, Annemie, Vercauteren, Jurgen, Schrooten, Yoeri, Van Ranst, Marc, Van Wijngaerden, Eric, Derdelinckx, Inge, Camacho, Ricardo Jorge, Kostrikis, Leontios G. [0000-0002-5340-7109], and Paraskevis, Dimitrios [0000-0001-6167-7152]

Subjects
Male, Human immunodeficiency virus 1, Etravirine, RNA directed DNA polymerase inhibitor, darunavir, HIV Infections, Settore MED/42 - Igiene Generale E Applicata, Disciplines and Occupations::Health Occupations::Medicine::Public Health [Medical Subject Headings], Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans [Medical Subject Headings], Salud pública, genetics, Inhibidores de proteasas, Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Vital Statistics::Morbidity::Prevalence [Medical Subject Headings], atazanavir, media_common, transmission, Geographicals::Geographic Locations::Europe [Medical Subject Headings], 3. Good health, microbial sensitivity test, priority journal, Europe, HIV-1, antiretroviral therapy, drug resistance, HIV/AIDS, lamivudine, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/pharmacology, anti human immunodeficiency virus agent, Drug, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, antiviral susceptibility, Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Genetic Variation::Mutation [Medical Subject Headings], media_common.quotation_subject, 030106 microbiology, HIV Infections/drug therapy, Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Pharmacologic Actions::Therapeutic Uses::Anti-Infective Agents::Antiviral Agents::Anti-Retroviral Agents::Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors [Medical Subject Headings], Microbial Sensitivity Tests, RILPIVIRINE, Article, EFAVIRENZ, 03 medical and health sciences, transmitted drug resistance, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Humans, Transmission, human, Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Pharmacological Phenomena::Drug Resistance [Medical Subject Headings], REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS, Rilpivirina, INTEGRASE, MUTATIONS, abacavir, major clinical study, Virology, Infecciones por VIH, Regimen, Antiretroviral therapy, Drug resistance, Medicine (all), Infectious Diseases, chemistry, Chemicals and Drugs::Heterocyclic Compounds::Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring::Oxazines::Benzoxazines [Medical Subject Headings], Mutation, 0301 basic medicine, nevirapine, Communicable diseases, Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Statistics as Topic::Confidence Intervals [Medical Subject Headings], chemistry.chemical_compound, antiviral therapy, INFECTION, Medicine and Health Sciences, Prevalence, Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Surveys and Questionnaires [Medical Subject Headings], Viral, Non-U.S. Gov't, Reverse-transcriptase inhibitor, antiretrovirus agent, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient, Middle Aged, virology, PREVALENCE, Encuestas y Cuestionarios, ANTIRETROVIRAL TREATMENT, HIV-1/drug effects, HIV Protease Inhibitors/pharmacology, Rilpivirine, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, Diseases::Immune System Diseases::Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes::HIV Infections [Medical Subject Headings], Female, HIV drug resistance, medicine.drug, Adult, Human immunodeficiency virus proteinase inhibitor, Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Nitriles::Rilpivirine [Medical Subject Headings], Efavirenz, Anti-HIV Agents, Research Support, Resistencia a medicamentos, Settore MED/17 - MALATTIE INFETTIVE, antiviral resistance, Internal medicine, Anti-HIV Agents/pharmacology, Drug Resistance, Viral, Journal Article, medicine, Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Pharmacologic Actions::Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action::Enzyme Inhibitors::Protease Inhibitors [Medical Subject Headings], abacavir plus lamivudine, Europa (Continente), HIV Protease Inhibitors, emtricitabine, nonhuman, Intervalos de confianza, Mutación, business.industry, HIV, prediction, Inhibidores de la transcriptasa inversa, Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection, tenofovir, INDIVIDUALS, Drug Resistance, Viral/genetics, Benzoxazinas, ETRAVIRINE, drug effects, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, Prevalencia, business
Abstract

Transmitted human immunodeficiency virus drug resistance in Europe is stable at around 8%. The impact of baseline mutation patterns on susceptibility to antiretroviral drugs should be addressed using clinical guidelines. The impact on baseline susceptibility is largest for nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors., Background. Numerous studies have shown that baseline drug resistance patterns may influence the outcome of antiretroviral therapy. Therefore, guidelines recommend drug resistance testing to guide the choice of initial regimen. In addition to optimizing individual patient management, these baseline resistance data enable transmitted drug resistance (TDR) to be surveyed for public health purposes. The SPREAD program systematically collects data to gain insight into TDR occurring in Europe since 2001. Methods. Demographic, clinical, and virological data from 4140 antiretroviral-naive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected individuals from 26 countries who were newly diagnosed between 2008 and 2010 were analyzed. Evidence of TDR was defined using the WHO list for surveillance of drug resistance mutations. Prevalence of TDR was assessed over time by comparing the results to SPREAD data from 2002 to 2007. Baseline susceptibility to antiretroviral drugs was predicted using the Stanford HIVdb program version 7.0. Results. The overall prevalence of TDR did not change significantly over time and was 8.3% (95% confidence interval, 7.2%–9.5%) in 2008–2010. The most frequent indicators of TDR were nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) mutations (4.5%), followed by nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) mutations (2.9%) and protease inhibitor mutations (2.0%). Baseline mutations were most predictive of reduced susceptibility to initial NNRTI-based regimens: 4.5% and 6.5% of patient isolates were predicted to have resistance to regimens containing efavirenz or rilpivirine, respectively, independent of current NRTI backbones. Conclusions. Although TDR was highest for NRTIs, the impact of baseline drug resistance patterns on susceptibility was largest for NNRTIs. The prevalence of TDR assessed by epidemiological surveys does not clearly indicate to what degree susceptibility to different drug classes is affected.

Published
2016
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4. Potential adjustment methodology for missing data and reporting delay in the HIV surveillance system, European Union/European Economic Area, 2015

Author

Rosinska, M. Pantazis, N. Janiec, J. Pharris, A. Amato-Gauci, A.J. Quinten, C. Schmid, D. Sasse, A. van Beckhoven, D. Varleva, T. Blazic, T.N. Hadjihannas, L. Koliou, M. Maly, M. Cowan, S. Rüütel, K. Liitsola, K. Salminen, M. Cazein, F. Pillonel, J. Lot, F. Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer, B. Nikolopoulos, G. Paraskeva, D. Dudas, M. Briem, H. Sigmundsdottir, G. Igoe, D. O’Donnell, K. O’Flanagan, D. Suligoi, B. Konova, Š. Erne, S. Čaplinskienė, I. Schmit, A.F.J.-C. Melillo, J.M. Melillo, T. de Coul, E.O. van Sighem, A. Blystad, H. Rosinska, M. Aldir, I. Martins, H.C. Mardarescu, M. Truska, P. Klavs, I. Diaz, A. Axelsson, M. Delpech, V. ECDC HIV/AIDS Surveillance Network

Abstract

Accurate case-based surveillance data remain the key data source for estimating HIV burden and monitoring prevention efforts in Europe. We carried out a literature review and exploratory analysis of surveillance data regarding two crucial issues affecting European surveillance for HIV: missing data and reporting delay. Initial screening showed substantial variability of these data issues, both in time and across countries. In terms of missing data, the CD4+ cell count is the most problematic variable because of the high proportion of missing values. In 20 of 31 countries of the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA), CD4+ counts are systematically missing for all or some years. One of the key challenges related to reporting delays is that countries undertake specific one-off actions in effort to capture previously unreported cases, and that these cases are subsequently reported with excessive delays. Slightly different underlying assumptions and effectively different models may be required for individual countries to adjust for missing data and reporting delays. However, using a similar methodology is recommended to foster harmonisation and to improve the accuracy and usability of HIV surveillance data at national and EU/EEA levels. © The authors, 2018.

Published
2018

5. Missed hepatitis b/c or syphilis diagnosis among Kurdish, Russian, and Somali origin migrants in Finland:linking a population-based survey to the national infectious disease register

Author

Tiittala, P. (Paula), Ristola, M. (Matti), Liitsola, K. (Kirsi), Ollgren, J. (Jukka), Koponen, P. (Päivikki), Surcel, H.-M. (Heljä-Marja), Hiltunen-Back, E. (Eija), Davidkin, I. (Irja), and Kivelä, P. (Pia)

Subjects
Missed diagnosis, Prevalence, Screening, virus diseases, Hiv, Migrant, Syphilis, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Non-participation, Population-based study
Abstract

Background: Migrants are considered a key population at risk for sexually transmitted and blood-borne diseases in Europe. Prevalence data to support the design of infectious diseases screening protocols are scarce. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B and C, human immunodefiency virus (HIV) infection and syphilis in specific migrant groups in Finland and to assess risk factors for missed diagnosis. Methods: A random sample of 3000 Kurdish, Russian, or Somali origin migrants in Finland was invited to a migrant population-based health interview and examination survey during 2010–2012. Participants in the health examination were offered screening for hepatitis B and C, HIV and syphilis. Notification prevalence in the National Infectious Diseases Register (NIDR) was compared between participants and non-participants to assess non-participation. Missed diagnosis was defined as test-positive case in the survey without previous notification in NIDR. Inverse probability weighting was used to correct for non-participation. Results: Altogether 1000 migrants were screened for infectious diseases. No difference in the notification prevalence among participants and non-participants was observed. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was 2.3%, hepatitis C antibodies 1.7%, and Treponema pallidum antibodies 1.3%. No cases of HIV were identified. Of all test-positive cases, 61% (34/56) had no previous notification in NIDR. 48% of HBsAg, 62.5% of anti-HCV and 84.6% of anti-Trpa positive cases had been missed. Among the Somali population (n = 261), prevalence of missed hepatitis B diagnosis was 3.0%. Of the 324 Russian migrants, 3.0% had not been previously diagnosed with hepatitis C and 2.4% had a missed syphilis diagnosis. In multivariable regression model missed diagnosis was associated with migrant origin, living alone, poor self-perceived health, daily smoking, and previous diagnosis of another blood-borne infection. Conclusions: More than half of chronic hepatitis and syphilis diagnoses had been missed among migrants in Finland. Undiagnosed hepatitis B among Somali migrants implies post-migration transmission that could be prevented by enhanced screening and vaccinations. Rate of missed diagnoses among Russian migrants supports implementation of targeted hepatitis and syphilis screening upon arrival and also in later health care contacts. Coverage and up-take of current screening among migrants should be evaluated.

Published
2018

6. Prevalence of obesity and disturbances in glucose homeostasis in HIV‐infected subjects and general population – missed diagnoses of diabetes?

Author

Hanttu, A, Kauppinen, KJ, Kivelä, P, Ollgren, J, Jousilahti, P, Liitsola, K, Koponen, P, and Sutinen, J

Subjects
OBESITY risk factors, DIAGNOSIS of diabetes, OBESITY, HIV-positive persons, FASTING, GLYCOSYLATED hemoglobin, HOMEOSTASIS, HIV infections, CONFIDENCE intervals, GLUCOSE metabolism disorders, DIABETES, BLOOD sugar, HIGHLY active antiretroviral therapy, RISK assessment, DISEASE prevalence, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, DIAGNOSTIC errors, BODY mass index, INSULIN resistance, DISEASE risk factors
Abstract

Objectives: Comparative data on glucose disorders using fasting blood samples between people living with HIV (PLWH) and the general population are lacking. The objective of this study was to compare the prevalence and risk factors of obesity and disturbances in glucose homeostasis between PLWH treated with modern antiretroviral therapy and the general population. Methods: Adjusted prevalence of obesity, features of insulin resistance (triglyceride:high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and alanine aminotransferase), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), diabetes mellitus (DM) and combined dysglycaemia (presence of IFG or DM) were determined using fasting blood samples among 1041 PLWH and 7047 subjects representing the general population. Results: People living with HIV had a lower prevalence of obesity [18.2%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 15.1–21.2 vs. 23.9%, 95% CI: 22.4–25.4], but a higher prevalence of insulin resistance and IFG (20.0%, 95% CI: 16.6–23.4 vs. 9.8%, 95% CI: 8.7–10.8) than the general population. Fasting glucose concentration was higher, but glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was lower, among PLWH. Prevalence of dysglycaemia for a given body mass index (BMI) was higher in PLWH than in the general population. The prevalence of DM did not differ between PLWH (13.2%, 95% CI: 10.2–15.9) and the general population (14.5%, 95% CI: 13.6–15.4). Conclusions: The prevalence of obesity was lower, but the risk of dysglycaemia for a given BMI was significantly higher, among PLWH, highlighting the importance of prevention and treatment of obesity among HIV‐infected subjects. Regardless of the increased prevalence of insulin resistance and IFG, DM was surprisingly not more common among PLWH, raising concern about the under‐diagnosis of DM, possibly due to low sensitivity of HbA1c in this patient population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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7. HIV-1 Infection in Cyprus, the Eastern Mediterranean European Frontier: A Densely Sampled Transmission Dynamics Analysis from 1986 to 2012

Author

Pineda-Peña, A.-C. (Andrea-Clemencia), Theys, K. (Kristof), Stylianou, D.C. (Dora C.), Demetriades, I. (I.), Puchhammer, E. (Elisabeth), Vandamme, A.M. (Anne Mieke), Aleksiev, I. (Ivailo), Lepej, S.Z. (Snjezana), Linka, M. (Marek), Fonager, J. (Jannik), Liitsola, K. (Kirsi), Kaiser, R. (Rolf), Hamouda, O. (Osamah), Paraskevis, D. (Dimitrios), Coughlan, S. (Suzie), Grossman, Z. (Zehava), Mor, O. (Orna), Zazzi, M. (Maurizio), Griskevicius, A. (Algirdas), Lipnickiene, V., Devaux, C. (Carole), Boucher, C. (Charles), Hofstra, M. (Marije), Wensing, A. (Amj), Bakken-Kran, A.-M. (Anne-Marte), Horban, A. (Andrzej), Camacho, R.J. (Ricardo Jorge), Paraschiv, C. (Corina), Otelea, D. (Dan), Stanojevic, M. (Maja), Stanekova, D. (Danica), Poljak, M. (Mario), Garcia, F. (Federico), Paredes, R. (Roger), Albert, J. (Jan), Abecasis, A.B. (Ana), Kostrikis, L.G. (Leondios), Pineda-Peña, A.-C. (Andrea-Clemencia), Theys, K. (Kristof), Stylianou, D.C. (Dora C.), Demetriades, I. (I.), Puchhammer, E. (Elisabeth), Vandamme, A.M. (Anne Mieke), Aleksiev, I. (Ivailo), Lepej, S.Z. (Snjezana), Linka, M. (Marek), Fonager, J. (Jannik), Liitsola, K. (Kirsi), Kaiser, R. (Rolf), Hamouda, O. (Osamah), Paraskevis, D. (Dimitrios), Coughlan, S. (Suzie), Grossman, Z. (Zehava), Mor, O. (Orna), Zazzi, M. (Maurizio), Griskevicius, A. (Algirdas), Lipnickiene, V., Devaux, C. (Carole), Boucher, C. (Charles), Hofstra, M. (Marije), Wensing, A. (Amj), Bakken-Kran, A.-M. (Anne-Marte), Horban, A. (Andrzej), Camacho, R.J. (Ricardo Jorge), Paraschiv, C. (Corina), Otelea, D. (Dan), Stanojevic, M. (Maja), Stanekova, D. (Danica), Poljak, M. (Mario), Garcia, F. (Federico), Paredes, R. (Roger), Albert, J. (Jan), Abecasis, A.B. (Ana), and Kostrikis, L.G. (Leondios)

Abstract

Since HIV-1 treatment is increasingly considered an effective preventionstrategy, it is important to study local HIV-1 epidemics to formulate tailored preventionpolicies. The prevalence of HIV-1 in Cyprus was historically low until 2005. To investigatethe shift in epidemiological trends, we studied the transmission dynamics of HIV-1 in Cyprususing a densely sampled Cypriot HIV-1 transmission cohort that included 85 percent ofHIV-1-infected individuals linked to clinical care between 1986 and 2012 based on detailedclinical, epidemiological, behavioral and HIV-1 genetic information. Subtyping andtransmission cluster reconstruction were performed using maximum likelihood and Bayesianmethods, and the transmission chain network was linked to the clinical, epidemiological andbehavioral data. The results reveal that for the main HIV-1 subtype A1 and B sub-epidemics,young and drug-naïve HIV-1-infected individuals in Cyprus are driving the dynamics of thelocal HIV-1 epidemic. The results of this study provide a better understanding of thedynamics of the HIV-1 infection in Cyprus, which may impact the development of preventionstrategies. Furthermore, this methodology for analyzing densely sampled transmissiondynamics is applicable to other geographic regions to implement effective HIV-1 preventionstrategies in local settings.

Published
2018
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8. HIV-1 Infection in Cyprus, the Eastern Mediterranean European Frontier: A Densely Sampled Transmission Dynamics Analysis from 1986 to 2012

Author

Pineda-Peña, AC, Theys, K, Stylianou, D C, Demetriades, I, Puchhammer, E, Vandamme, AM, Aleksiev, I, Lepej, SZ, Linka, M, Fonager, J, Liitsola, K, Kaiser, R, Hamouda, O, Paraskevis, D, Coughlan, S, Grossman, Z, Mor, O, Zazzi, M, Griskevicius, A, Lipnickiene, V, Devaux, C, Boucher, Charles, Hofstra, M, Wensing, A, Bakken-Kran, AM, Horban, A, Camacho, R, Paraschiv, S, Otelea, D, Stanojevic, M, Stanekova, D, Poljak, M, Garcia, F, Paredes, R, Albert, J, Abecasis, AB, Kostrikis, LG, Pineda-Peña, AC, Theys, K, Stylianou, D C, Demetriades, I, Puchhammer, E, Vandamme, AM, Aleksiev, I, Lepej, SZ, Linka, M, Fonager, J, Liitsola, K, Kaiser, R, Hamouda, O, Paraskevis, D, Coughlan, S, Grossman, Z, Mor, O, Zazzi, M, Griskevicius, A, Lipnickiene, V, Devaux, C, Boucher, Charles, Hofstra, M, Wensing, A, Bakken-Kran, AM, Horban, A, Camacho, R, Paraschiv, S, Otelea, D, Stanojevic, M, Stanekova, D, Poljak, M, Garcia, F, Paredes, R, Albert, J, Abecasis, AB, and Kostrikis, LG

Published
2018

9. Easy and accurate reconstruction of whole HIV genomes from short-read sequence data

Author

Wymant, C, Blanquart, F, Gall, A, Bakker, M, Bezemer, D, Croucher, N, Golubchik, T, Hall, M, Hillebregt, M, Ong, SH, Albert, J, Bannert, N, Fellay, J, Fransen, K, Gourlay, A, Grabowski, K, Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer, B, Günthard, H, Kivelä, P, Kouyos, R, Laeyendecker, O, Liitsola, K, Meyer, L, Porter, K, Ristola, M, Van Sighem, A, Vanham, G, Berkhout, B, Cornelissen, M, Kellam, P, Reiss, P, Fraser, C, and The BEEHIVE Collaboration

Subjects
The BEEHIVE Collaboration
Abstract

Next-generation sequencing has yet to be widely adopted for HIV. The difficulty of accurately reconstructing the consensus sequence of a quasispecies from reads (short fragments of DNA) in the presence of rapid between- and within-host evolution may have presented a barrier. In particular, mapping (aligning) reads to a reference sequence leads to biased loss of information; this bias can distort epidemiological and evolutionary conclusions. De novo assembly avoids this bias by effectively aligning the reads to themselves, producing a set of sequences called contigs. However contigs provide only a partial summary of the reads, misassembly may result in their having an incorrect structure, and no information is available at parts of the genome where contigs could not be assembled. To address these problems we developed the tool shiver to preprocess reads for quality and contamination, then map them to a reference tailored to the sample using corrected contigs supplemented with existing reference sequences. Run with two commands per sample, it can easily be used for large heterogeneous data sets. We use shiver to reconstruct the consensus sequence and minority variant information from paired-end short-read data produced with the Illumina platform, for 65 existing publicly available samples and 50 new samples. We show the systematic superiority of mapping to shiver ’s constructed reference over mapping the same reads to the standard reference HXB2: an average of 29 bases per sample are called differently, of which 98.5% are supported by higher coverage. We also provide a practical guide to working with imperfect contigs.

Published
2016

10. Primary resistance to integrase strand-transfer inhibitors in Europe

Author

Casadellà, M. van Ham, P.M. Noguera-Julian, M. van Kessel, A. Pou, C. Hofstra, L.M. Santos, J.R. Garcia, F. Struck, D. Alexiev, I. Bakken Kran, A.M. Hoepelman, A.I. Kostrikis, L.G. Somogyi, S. Liitsola, K. Linka, M. Nielsen, C. Otelea, D. Paraskevis, D. Poljak, M. Puchhammer-Stöckl, E. Staneková, D. Stanojevic, M. Van Laethem, K. Zidovec Lepej, S. Clotet, B. Boucher, C.A.B. Paredes, R. Wensing, A.M.J. Puchhammer-Stöckl, E. Sarcletti, M. Schmied, B. Geit, M. Balluch, G. Vandamme, A.M. Vercauteren, J. Derdelinckx, I. Sasse, A. Bogaert, M. Ceunen, H. De Roo, A. De Wit, S. Echahidi, F. Fransen, K. Goffard, J.C. Goubau, P. Goudeseune, E. Yombi, J.C. Lacor, P. Liesnard, C. Moutschen, M. Pierard, D. Rens, R. Schrooten, Y. Vaira, D. Vandekerckhove, L.P. Van den Heuvel, A. Van Der Gucht, B. Van Ranst, M. Van Wijngaerden, E. Vandercam, B. Vekemans, M. Verhofstede, C. Clumeck, N. Van Laethem, K. Beshkov, D. Alexiev, I. Zidovec Lepej, S. Begovac, J. Demetriades, I. Kousiappa, I. Demetriou, V. Hezka, J. Linka, M. Machala, L. Maly, M. Nielsen, C. Jørgensen, L.B. Gerstoft, J. Mathiesen, L. Pedersen, C. Nielsen, H. Laursen, A. Kvinesdal, B. Liitsola, K. Ristola, M. Suni, J. Sutinen, J. Hamouda, O. Kücherer, C. Berg, T. Braun, P. Poggensee, G. Däumer, M. Eberle, J. Heiken, H. Kaiser, R. Knechten, H. Korn, K. Müller, H. Neifer, S. Schmidt, B. Walter, H. Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer, B. Harrer, T. Paraskevis, D. Hatzakis, A. Magiorkinis, E. Hatzitheodorou, E. Haida, C. Zavitsanou, A. Magiorkinis, G. Lazanas, M. Chini, M. Magafas, N. Tsogas, N. Paparizos, V. Kourkounti, S. Antoniadou, A. Papadopoulos, A. Panagopoulos, P. Poulakou, G. Sakka, V. Chryssos, G. Drimis, S. Gargalianos, P. Lelekis, M. Chilomenos, G. Psichogiou, M. Daikos, G.L. Sabatakou, H. Panos, G. Haratsis, G. Kordossis, T. Kontos, A. Koratzanis, G. Theodoridou, M. Mostrou, G. Spoulou, V. Schmit, J.C. Struck, D. Hemmer, R. Arendt, V. Staub, T. Schneider, F. Roman, F. Wensing, A.M. Boucher, C.A. van de Vijver, D.A. van Kessel, A. van, P.H. Brinkman, K. Op de, E.L. van der Ende, M.E. Hoepelman, I.M. van Kasteren, M. Juttmann, J. Kuipers, M. Langebeek, N. Richter, C. Santegoets, R.M. Schrijnders-Gudde, L. Schuurman, R. van de Ven, B.J. Åsjö, B. Bakken, A.M. Ormaasen, V. Aavitsland, P. Otelea, D. Paraschiv, S. Tudor, A.M. Jevtovic, D. Salemovic, D. Stanekova, D. Habekova, M. Mokras, M. Truska, P. Poljak, M. Lunar, M. Babic, D. Tomazic, J. Vidmar, L. Vovko, T. Karner, P. Clotet, B. Garcia, F. Domingo, P. Galindo, M.J. Miralles, C. Del, M.A. Ribera, E. Iribarren, J.A. Ruiz, L. de la Torre, J. Vidal, F. Garcia, F. Paredes, R. on behalf of the SPREAD programme

Abstract

Objectives: The objective of this study was to define the natural genotypic variation of the HIV-1 integrase gene across Europe for epidemiological surveillance of integrase strand-transfer inhibitor (InSTI) resistance. Methods: This was a multicentre, cross-sectional study within the European SPREAD HIV resistance surveillance programme. A representative set of 300 samples was selected from 1950 naive HIV-positive subjects newly diagnosed in 2006-07. The prevalence of InSTI resistance was evaluated using quality-controlled baseline population sequencing of integrase. Signature raltegravir, elvitegravir and dolutegravir resistance mutations were defined according to the IAS-USA 2014 list. In addition, all integrase substitutions relative to HXB2 were identified, including those with a Stanford HIVdb score=10 to at least one InSTI. To rule out circulation of minority InSTIresistant HIV, 65 samples were selected for 454 integrase sequencing. Results: For the population sequencing analysis, 278 samples were retrieved and successfully analysed. No signature resistance mutations to any of the InSTIswere detected. Eleven (4%) subjects hadmutations at resistance-associated positions with an HIVdb score =10. Of the 56 samples successfully analysed with 454 sequencing, no InSTI signature mutationsweredetected, whereas integrase substitutionswithanHIVdbscore=10were found in8(14.3%) individuals. Conclusions:No signature InSTI-resistant variantswere circulating in Europe before the introduction of InSTIs. However, polymorphisms contributing to InSTI resistancewere not rare. As InSTI use becomes more widespread, continuous surveillance of primary InSTI resistance is warranted. These data will be key to modelling the kinetics of InSTI resistance transmission in Europe in the coming years. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. All rights reserved.

Published
2015

11. Increase in transmitted resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors among newly diagnosed HIV-1 infections in Europe

Author

Frentz, D. Van de Vijver, D.A.M.C. Abecasis, A.B. Albert, J. Hamouda, O. Jørgensen, L.B. Kücherer, C. Struck, D. Schmit, J.-C. Vercauteren, J. Åsjö, B. Balotta, C. Beshkov, D. Camacho, R.J. Clotet, B. Coughlan, S. Griskevicius, A. Grossman, Z. Horban, A. Kolupajeva, T. Korn, K. Kostrikis, L.G. Liitsola, K. Linka, M. Nielsen, C. Otelea, D. Paraskevis, D. Paredes, R. Poljak, M. Puchhammer-Stöckl, E. Sönnerborg, A. Stanekova, D. Stanojevic, M. Van Wijngaerden, E. Wensing, A.M.J. Boucher, C.A.B. Puchhammer-Stockl, E. Sarcletti, M. Schmied, B. Geit, M. Balluch, G. Vandamme, A.-M. Vercauteren, J. Derdelinckx, I. Sasse, A. Bogaert, M. Ceunen, H. De Roo, A. De Wit, S. Echahidi, F. Fransen, K. Goffard, J.-C. Goubau, P. Goudeseune, E. Yombi, J.-C. Lacor, P. Liesnard, C. Moutschen, M. Pierard, D. Rens, R. Schrooten, Y. Vaira, D. Vandekerckhove, L.P.R. Van den Heuvel, A. Van Der Gucht, B. Van Ranst, M. Vandercam, B. Vekemans, M. Verhofstede, C. Clumeck, N. Van Laethem, K. Demetriades, I. Kousiappa, I. Demetriou, V. Hezka, J. Bruckova, M. Linka, M. Machala, L. Nielsen, C. Jørgensen, L.B. Gerstoft, J. Mathiesen, L. Pedersen, C. Nielsen, H. Laursen, A. Kvinesdal, B. Salminen, M. Ristola, M. Liitsola, K. Suni, J. Sutinen, J. Korn, K. Kücherer, C. Berg, T. Braun, P. Poggensee, G. Däumer, M. Eberle, J. Heiken, H. Kaiser, R. Knechten, H. Müller, H. Neifer, S. Schmidt, B. Walter, H. Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer, B. Harrer, T. Paraskevis, D. Hatzakis, A. Magiorkinis, E. Hatzitheodorou, E. Haida, C. Zavitsanou, A. Magiorkinis, G. Lazanas, M. Chini, M. Magafas, N. Tsogas, N. Paparizos, V. Kourkounti, S. Antoniadou, A. Papadopoulos, A. Panagopoulos, P. Poulakou, G. Sakka, V. Chryssos, G. Drimis, S. Gargalianos, P. Lelekis, M. Chilomenos, G. Psichogiou, M. Daikos, G.L. Panos, G. Haratsis, G. Kordossis, T. Kontos, A. Koratzanis, G. Theodoridou, M. Mostrou, G. Spoulou, V. Coughlan, S. De Gascun, C. Byrne, C. Duffy, M. Bergin, C. Reidy, D. Farrell, G. Lambert, J. O'Connor, E. Rochford, A. Low, J. Coakely, P. O'Dea, S. Hall, W. Grossman, Z. Levi, I. Chemtob, D. Balotta, C. Riva, C. Mussini, C. Caramma, I. Capetti, A. Colombo, M.C. Rossi, C. Prati, F. Tramuto, F. Vitale, F. Ciccozzi, M. Angarano, G. Rezza, G. Schmit, J.C. Struck, D. Hemmer, R. Arendt, V. Staub, T. Schneider, F. Roman, F. Wensing, A.M.J. Boucher, C.A.B. van Kessel, A. van Bentum, P.H.M. Brinkman, K. op de Coul, E.L. van der Ende, M.E. Hoepelman, I. van Kasteren, M. Juttmann, J. Kuipers, M. Langebeek, N. Richter, C. Santegoets, R. Schrijnders-Gudde, L. Schuurman, R. van de Ven, B.J.M. Åsjö, B. Ormaasen, V. Aavitsland, P. Horban, A. Stanczak, J.J. Stanczak, G.P. Firlag-Burkacka, E. Wiercinska-Drapalo, A. Jablonowska, E. Malolepsza, E. Leszczyszyn-Pynka, M. Szata, W. Camacho, R. Palma, C. Borges, F. Paixão, T. Duque, V. Araújo, F. Jevtovic, D. Salemovic, D. Stanekova, D. Habekova, M. Mokras, M. Truska, P. Poljak, M. Lunar, M. Babic, D. Tomazic, J. Vidmar, L. Vovko, T. Karner, P. Clotet, B. Domingo, P. Galindo, M.J. Miralles, C. del Pozo, M.A. Ribera, E. Iribarren, J.A. Ruiz, L. de la Torre, J. Vidal, F. Garcia, F. Paredes, R. Albert, J. Heidarian, A. Aperia-Peipke, K. Axelsson, M. Mild, M. Karlsson, A. Sönnerborg, A. Thalme, A. Navér, L. Bratt, G. Karlsson, A. Blaxhult, A. Gisslén, M. Svennerholm, B. Bergbrant, I. Björkman, P. Säll, C. Mellgren, Å. Lindholm, A. Kuylenstierna, N. Montelius, R. Azimi, F. Johansson, B. Carlsson, M. Johansson, E. Ljungberg, B. Ekvall, H. Strand, A. Mäkitalo, S. öberg, S. Holmblad, P. Höfer, M. Holmberg, H. Josefson, P. Ryding, U. on behalf of the SPREAD Programme

Abstract

Background: One out of ten newly diagnosed patients in Europe was infected with a virus carrying a drug resistant mutation. We analysed the patterns over time for transmitted drug resistance mutations (TDRM) using data from the European Spread program.Methods: Clinical, epidemiological and virological data from 4317 patients newly diagnosed with HIV-1 infection between 2002 and 2007 were analysed. Patients were enrolled using a pre-defined sampling strategy.Results: The overall prevalence of TDRM in this period was 8.9% (95% CI: 8.1-9.8). Interestingly, significant changes over time in TDRM caused by the different drug classes were found. Whereas nucleoside resistance mutations remained constant at 5%, a significant decline in protease inhibitors resistance mutations was observed, from 3.9% in 2002 to 1.6% in 2007 (p = 0.001). In contrast, resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) doubled from 2.0% in 2002 to 4.1% in 2007 (p = 0.004) with 58% of viral strains carrying a K103N mutation. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these temporal changes could not be explained by large clusters of TDRM.Conclusion: During the years 2002 to 2007 transmitted resistance to NNRTI has doubled to 4% in Europe. The frequent use of NNRTI in first-line regimens and the clinical impact of NNRTI mutations warrants continued monitoring. © 2014 Frentz et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

Published
2014

12. Transmission of HIV drug resistance and the predicted effect on current first-line regimens in Europe

Author

Hofstra, L.M. Sauvageot, N. Albert, J. Alexiev, I. Garcia, F. Struck, D. Van De Vijver, D.A.M.C. Åsjö, B. Beshkov, D. Coughlan, S. Descamps, D. Griskevicius, A. Hamouda, O. Horban, A. Van Kasteren, M. Kolupajeva, T. Kostrikis, L.G. Liitsola, K. Linka, M. Mor, O. Nielsen, C. Otelea, D. Paraskevis, D. Paredes, R. Poljak, M. Puchhammer-Stöckl, E. Sönnerborg, A. Staneková, D. Stanojevic, M. Van Laethem, K. Zazzi, M. Lepej, S.Z. Boucher, C.A.B. Schmit, J.-C. Wensing, A.M.J. Puchhammer-Stockl, E. Sarcletti, M. Schmied, B. Geit, M. Balluch, G. Vandamme, A.-M. Vercauteren, J. Derdelinckx, I. Sasse, A. Bogaert, M. Ceunen, H. De Roo, A. De Wit, S. Echahidi, F. Fransen, K. Goffard, J.-C. Goubau, P. Goudeseune, E. Yombi, J.-C. Lacor, P. Liesnard, C. Moutschen, M. Pierard, D. Rens, R. Schrooten, Y. Vaira, D. Vandekerckhove, L.P.R. Van Den Heuvel, A. Van Der Gucht, B. Van Ranst, M. Van Wijngaerden, E. Vandercam, B. Vekemans, M. Verhofstede, C. Clumeck, N. Begovac, J. Demetriades, I. Kousiappa, I. Demetriou, V. Hezka, J. Maly, M. Machala, L. Jørgensen, L.B. Gerstoft, J. Mathiesen, L. Pedersen, C. Nielsen, H. Laursen, A. Kvinesdal, B. Ristola, M. Suni, J. Sutinen, J. Assoumou, L. Castor, G. Grude, M. Flandre, P. Storto, A. Kücherer, C. Berg, T. Braun, P. Poggensee, G. Däumer, M. Eberle, J. Heiken, H. Kaiser, R. Knechten, H. Korn, K. Müller, H. Neifer, S. Schmidt, B. Walter, H. Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer, B. Harrer, T. Hatzakis, A. Zavitsanou, A. Vassilakis, A. Lazanas, M. Chini, M. Lioni, A. Sakka, V. Kourkounti, S. Paparizos, V. Antoniadou, A. Papadopoulos, A. Poulakou, G. Katsarolis, I. Protopapas, K. Chryssos, G. Drimis, S. Gargalianos, P. Xylomenos, G. Lourida, G. Psichogiou, M. Daikos, G.L. Sipsas, N.V. Kontos, A. Gamaletsou, M.N. Koratzanis, G. Sambatakou, E. Mariolis, H. Skoutelis, A. Papastamopoulos, V. Georgiou, O. Panagopoulos, P. Maltezos, E. De Gascun, C. Byrne, C. Duffy, M. Bergin, C. Reidy, D. Farrell, G. Lambert, J. O'Connor, E. Rochford, A. Low, J. Coakely, P. O'Dea, S. Hall, W. Levi, I. Chemtob, D. Grossman, Z. De Luca, A. Balotta, C. Riva, C. Mussini, C. Caramma, I. Capetti, A. Colombo, M.C. Rossi, C. Prati, F. Tramuto, F. Vitale, F. Ciccozzi, M. Angarano, G. Rezza, G. Vasins, O. Lipnickiene, V. Hemmer, R. Arendt, V. Michaux, C. Staub, T. Sequin-Devaux, C. Van Kessel, A. Van Bentum, P.H.M. Brinkman, K. Connell, B.J. Van Der Ende, M.E. Hoepelman, I.M. Kuipers, M. Langebeek, N. Richter, C. Santegoets, R.M.W.J. Schrijnders-Gudde, L. Schuurman, R. Van De Ven, B.J.M. Kran, A.-M.B. Ormaasen, V. Aavitsland, P. Stanczak, J.J. Stanczak, G.P. Firlag-Burkacka, E. Wiercinska-Drapalo, A. Jablonowska, E. Maolepsza, E. Leszczyszyn-Pynka, M. Szata, W. Camacho, R. Palma, C. Borges, F. Paixão, T. Duque, V. Araújo, F. Paraschiv, S. Tudor, A.M. Cernat, R. Chiriac, C. Dumitrescu, F. Prisecariu, L.J. Jevtovic, Dj. Salemovic, D. Stanekova, D. Habekova, M. Chabadová, Z. Drobkova, T. Bukovinova, P. Shunnar, A. Truska, P. Lunar, M. Babic, D. Tomazic, J. Vidmar, L. Vovko, T. Karner, P. Monge, S. Moreno, S. Del Amo, J. Asensi, V. Sirvent, J.L. De Mendoza, C. Delgado, R. Gutiérrez, F. Berenguer, J. Garcia-Bujalance, S. Stella, N. De Los Santos, I. Blanco, J.R. Dalmau, D. Rivero, M. Segura, F. Elías, M.J.P. Alvarez, M. Chueca, N. Rodríguez-Martín, C. Vidal, C. Palomares, J.C. Viciana, I. Viciana, P. Cordoba, J. Aguilera, A. Domingo, P. Galindo, M.J. Miralles, C. Del Pozo, M.A. Ribera, E. Iribarren, J.A. Ruiz, L. De La Torre, J. Vidal, F. Clotet, B. Heidarian, A. Aperia-Peipke, K. Axelsson, M. Mild, M. Karlsson, A. Thalme, A. Navér, L. Bratt, G. Blaxhult, A. Gisslén, M. Svennerholm, B. Björkman, P. Säll, C. Mellgren, Å. Lindholm, A. Kuylenstierna, N. Montelius, R. Azimi, F. Johansson, B. Carlsson, M. Johansson, E. Ljungberg, B. Ekvall, H. Strand, A. Mäkitalo, S. Öberg, S. Holmblad, P. Höfer, M. Holmberg, H. Josefson, P. Ryding, U. Bergbrant, I. SPREAD Program

Abstract

Background. Numerous studies have shown that baseline drug resistance patterns may influence the outcome of antiretroviral therapy. Therefore, guidelines recommend drug resistance testing to guide the choice of initial regimen. In addition to optimizing individual patient management, these baseline resistance data enable transmitted drug resistance (TDR) to be surveyed for public health purposes. The SPREAD program systematically collects data to gain insight into TDR occurring in Europe since 2001. Methods. Demographic, clinical, and virological data from 4140 antiretroviral-naive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals from 26 countries who were newly diagnosed between 2008 and 2010 were analyzed. Evidence of TDR was defined using the WHO list for surveillance of drug resistance mutations. Prevalence of TDR was assessed over time by comparing the results to SPREAD data from 2002 to 2007. Baseline susceptibility to antiretroviral drugs was predicted using the Stanford HIVdb program version 7.0. Results. The overall prevalence of TDR did not change significantly over time and was 8.3% (95% confidence interval, 7.2%-9.5%) in 2008-2010. The most frequent indicators of TDR were nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) mutations (4.5%), followed by nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) mutations (2.9%) and protease inhibitor mutations (2.0%). Baseline mutations were most predictive of reduced susceptibility to initial NNRTI-based regimens: 4.5% and 6.5% of patient isolates were predicted to have resistance to regimens containing efavirenz or rilpivirine, respectively, independent of current NRTI backbones. Conclusions. Although TDR was highest for NRTIs, the impact of baseline drug resistance patterns on susceptibility was largest for NNRTIs. The prevalence of TDR assessed by epidemiological surveys does not clearly indicate to what degree susceptibility to different drug classes is affected. © The Author 2015.

Published
2016

13. The global spread of HIV-1 subtype B epidemic

Author

Magiorkinis, G. Angelis, K. Mamais, I. Katzourakis, A. Hatzakis, A. Albert, J. Lawyer, G. Hamouda, O. Struck, D. Vercauteren, J. Wensing, A. Alexiev, I. Åsjö, B. Balotta, C. Gomes, P. Camacho, R.J. Coughlan, S. Griskevicius, A. Grossman, Z. Horban, A. Kostrikis, L.G. Lepej, S.J. Liitsola, K. Linka, M. Nielsen, C. Otelea, D. Paredes, R. Poljak, M. Puchhammer-Stöckl, E. Schmit, J.C. Sönnerborg, A. Staneková, D. Stanojevic, M. Stylianou, D.C. Boucher, C.A.B. Nikolopoulos, G. Vasylyeva, T. Friedman, S.R. van de Vijver, D. Angarano, G. Chaix, M.-L. de Luca, A. Korn, K. Loveday, C. Soriano, V. Yerly, S. Zazzi, M. Vandamme, A.-M. Paraskevis, D.

Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was discovered in the early 1980s when the virus had already established a pandemic. For at least three decades the epidemic in the Western World has been dominated by subtype B infections, as part of a sub-epidemic that traveled from Africa through Haiti to United States. However, the pattern of the subsequent spread still remains poorly understood. Here we analyze a large dataset of globally representative HIV-1 subtype B strains to map their spread around the world over the last 50 years and describe significant spread patterns. We show that subtype B travelled from North America to Western Europe in different occasions, while Central/Eastern Europe remained isolated for the most part of the early epidemic. Looking with more detail in European countries we see that the United Kingdom, France and Switzerland exchanged viral isolates with non-European countries than with European ones. The observed pattern is likely to mirror geopolitical landmarks in the post-World War II era, namely the rise and the fall of the Iron Curtain and the European colonialism. In conclusion, HIV-1 spread through specific migration routes which are consistent with geopolitical factors that affected human activities during the last 50 years, such as migration, tourism and trade. Our findings support the argument that epidemic control policies should be global and incorporate political and socioeconomic factors. © 2016 The Authors

Published
2016

15. Limited cross-border infections in patients newly diagnosed with HIV in Europe

Author

Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Frentz D; Wensing AMJ; Albert J; Paraskevis D; Abecasis AB; Hamouda O; Jørgensen LB; Kücherer C; Struck D; Schmit JC; Åsjö B; Balotta C; Beshkov D; Camacho RJ; Clotet B; Coughlan S; De Wit S; Griskevicius A; Grossman Z; Horban A; Kolupajeva T; Korn K; Kostrikis LG; Liitsola K; Linka M; Nielsen C; Otelea D; Paredes R; Poljak M; Puchhammer-Stöckl E; Sönnerborg A; Stanekova D; Stanojevic M; Vandamme AM; Boucher CAB; Van de Vijver DAMC; Balluch G; Vercauteren J; Derdelinckx I; Sasse A; Frentz D; Wensing AMJ; Albert J; Paraskevis D; Abecasis AB; Hamouda O; Jørgensen LB; Kücherer C; Struck D; Schmit JC; Åsjö B; Balotta C; Beshkov D; Camacho RJ; Clotet B; Coughlan S; De Wit S; Griskevicius A; Grossman Z; Horban A; Kolupajeva T; Korn K; Kostrikis LG; Liitsola K; Linka M; Nielsen C; Otelea D; Paredes R; Poljak M; Puchhammer-Stöckl E; Sönnerborg A; Stanekova D; Stanojevic M; Vandamme AM; Boucher CAB; Van de Vijver DAMC; Balluch G; Vercauteren J; Derdelinckx I; Sasse A; Frentz D; Wensing AMJ; Albert J; Paraskevis D; Abecasis AB; Hamouda O; Jørgensen LB; Kücherer C; Struck D; Schmit JC; Åsjö B; Balotta C; Beshkov D; Camacho RJ, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, and Frentz D; Wensing AMJ; Albert J; Paraskevis D; Abecasis AB; Hamouda O; Jørgensen LB; Kücherer C; Struck D; Schmit JC; Åsjö B; Balotta C; Beshkov D; Camacho RJ; Clotet B; Coughlan S; De Wit S; Griskevicius A; Grossman Z; Horban A; Kolupajeva T; Korn K; Kostrikis LG; Liitsola K; Linka M; Nielsen C; Otelea D; Paredes R; Poljak M; Puchhammer-Stöckl E; Sönnerborg A; Stanekova D; Stanojevic M; Vandamme AM; Boucher CAB; Van de Vijver DAMC; Balluch G; Vercauteren J; Derdelinckx I; Sasse A; Frentz D; Wensing AMJ; Albert J; Paraskevis D; Abecasis AB; Hamouda O; Jørgensen LB; Kücherer C; Struck D; Schmit JC; Åsjö B; Balotta C; Beshkov D; Camacho RJ; Clotet B; Coughlan S; De Wit S; Griskevicius A; Grossman Z; Horban A; Kolupajeva T; Korn K; Kostrikis LG; Liitsola K; Linka M; Nielsen C; Otelea D; Paredes R; Poljak M; Puchhammer-Stöckl E; Sönnerborg A; Stanekova D; Stanojevic M; Vandamme AM; Boucher CAB; Van de Vijver DAMC; Balluch G; Vercauteren J; Derdelinckx I; Sasse A; Frentz D; Wensing AMJ; Albert J; Paraskevis D; Abecasis AB; Hamouda O; Jørgensen LB; Kücherer C; Struck D; Schmit JC; Åsjö B; Balotta C; Beshkov D; Camacho RJ

Abstract

Background: International travel plays a role in the spread of HIV-1 across Europe. It is, however, not known whether international travel is more important for spread of the epidemic as compared to endogenous infections within single countries. In this study, phylogenetic associations among HIV of newly diagnosed patients were determined across Europe.Results: Data came from the SPREAD programme which collects samples of newly diagnosed patients that are representative for national HIV epidemics. 4260 pol sequences from 25 European countries and Israel collected in 2002-2007 were included.We identified 457 clusters including 1330 persons (31.2% of all patients). The cluster size ranged between 2 and 28. A number of 987 patients (74.2%) were part of a cluster that consisted only of patients originating from the same country. In addition, 135 patients (10.2%) were in a cluster including only individuals from neighboring countries. Finally, 208 patients (15.6%) clustered with individuals from countries without a common border. Clustering with patients from the same country was less prevalent in patients being infected with B subtype (P-value <0.0001), in men who have sex with men (P-value <0.0001), and in recently infected patients (P-value =0.045).Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the transmission of HIV-1 in Europe is predominantly occurring between patients from the same country. This could have implications for HIV-1 transmission prevention programmes. Because infections through travelling between countries is not frequently observed it is important to have good surveillance of the national HIV-1 epidemics.

Published
2013

17. Limited cross-border infections in patients newly diagnosed with HIV in Europe

Author

Moutschen, M., Frentz, D., Wensing, A. M. J., Albert, Jan, Paraskevis, Dimitrios N., Abecasis, A. B., Hamouda, O., Jørgensen, L. B., Kücherer, C., Struck, D., Schmit, J. -C, Åsjö, Birgitta, Balotta, Claudia, Beshkov, Danail, Camacho, Ricardo J., Clotet, B., Coughlan, S., De Wit, S., Griskevicius, A., Grossman, Z., Horban, A., Kolupajeva, T., Korn, K., Kostrikis, Leontios G., Liitsola, K., Linka, M., Nielsen, C., Otelea, D., Paredes, R., Poljak, M., Puchhammer-Stöckl, E., Sönnerborg, A., Stanekova, D., Stanojevic, M., Vandamme, A. -M, Boucher, C. A. B., Van de Vijver, D. A. M. C., Balluch, G., Vercauteren, J., Derdelinckx, I., Sasse, A., Bogaert, M., Ceunen, H., De Roo, A., Echahidi, F., Fransen, K., Goffard, J. -C, Goubau, P., Goudeseune, E., Yombi, J. -C, Lacor, P., Liesnard, C., Pierard, D., Rens, R., Schrooten, Y., Vaira, D., Vandekerckhove, L. P. R., Van den Heuvel, A., Van Der Gucht, B., Van Ranst, M., Van Wijngaerden, E., Vandercam, B., Vekemans, M., Verhofstede, C., Clumeck, N., Van Laethem, K., Demetriades, Ioannis, Kousiappa, Ioanna, Demetriou, Victoria L., Hezka, Johana, Bruckova, M., Machala, L., Gerstoft, J., Mathiesen, L., Pedersen, C., Nielsen, H., Laursen, A., Kvinesdal, B., Salminen, M., Ristola, M., Suni, J., Sutinen, J., Berg, T., Braun, P., Poggensee, G., Däumer, M., Eberle, J., Heiken, H., Kaiser, R., Knechten, H., Müller, H., Neifer, S., Schmidt, B., Walter, H., Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer, B., Harrer, T., Hatzakis, Angelos E., Magiorkinis, Emmanouil N., Hatzitheodorou, Eleni, Haida, Catherine, Zavitsanou, Assimina, Magiorkinis, Gkikas, Lazanas, Marios C., Chini, Maria C., Magafas, N., Tsogas, Nickolaos, Paparizos, Vassilios A., Kourkounti, Sofia, Antoniadou, Anastasia C., Papadopoulos, Antonios I., Panagopoulos, Periklis, Poulakou, Garyphallia G., Sakka, V., Chryssos, Georgios, Drimis, Stylianos, Gargalianos, Panagiotis, Lelekis, Moyssis I., Chilomenos, G., Psichogiou, Mina A., Daikos, George L., Panos, George, Haratsis, G., Kordossis, Theodore, Kontos, Athanasios N., Koratzanis, Georgios, Theodoridou, Maria C., Mostrou, Glykeria J., Spoulou, Vana I., De Gascun, C., Byrne, C., Duffy, M., Bergin, C., Reidy, D., Farrell, G., Lambert, J., O'Connor, E., Rochford, A., Low, J., Coakely, P., O'Dea, S., Hall, W., Levi, I., Chemtob, D., Franzetti, M., Lai, A., Binda, F., Tramuto, F., Ciccozzi, M., Mussini, C., Angarano, G., Rezza, G., Schmit, J. C., Hemmer, R., Arendt, V., Staub, T., Schneider, F., Roman, F., van Kessel, A., van Bentum, P. H. M., Brinkman, K., de Coul, E. L., van der Ende, M. E., Hoepelman, I. M., van Kasteren, M., Juttmann, J., Kuipers, M., Langebeek, N., Richter, C., Santegoets, R. M. W. J., Schrijnders-Gudde, L., Schuurman, R., van de Ven, B. J. M., Ormaasen, V., Aavitsland, P., Stanczak, J. J., Stanczak, G. P., Firlag-Burkacka, E., Wiercinska-Drapalo, A., Jablonowska, E., Malolepsza, E., Leszczyszyn-Pynka, M., Szata, W., Palma, C., Borges, F., Paixão, T., Duque, V., Araújo, F., Jevtovic, D., Salemovic, D., Habekova, M., Mokráš, Miloš, Truska, P., Lunar, M., Babic, Dunja Z., Tomazic, J., Vidmar, L., Vovko, T., Karner, P., Domingo, P., Galindo, M. J., Miralles, C., del Pozo, M. A., Ribera, E., Iribarren, J. A., Ruiz, L., de la Torre, J., Vidal, F., Garcia, F., Heidarian, A., Aperia-Peipke, K., Axelsson, M., Mild, M., Karlsson, A., Thalme, A., Navér, L., Bratt, G., Blaxhult, A., Gisslén, M., Svennerholm, B., Bergbrant, I., Björkman, Per, Säll, C., Mellgren, Å., Lindholm, A., Kuylenstierna, N., Montelius, R., Azimi, F., Johansson, B., Carlsson, M., Johansson, E., Ljungberg, B., Ekvall, H., Strand, A., Mäkitalo, S., öberg, S., Holmblad, P., Höfer, M., Holmberg, H., Josefson, P., Ryding, U., Van Kessel, A., Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Centro de Malária e outras Doenças Tropicais (CMDT), Clinicum, Department of Medicine, Infektiosairauksien yksikkö, Frentz, D, Wensing, AMJ, Albert, J, Paraskevis, D, Abecasis, AB, Hamouda, O, Jørgensen, LB, Kücherer, C, Struck, D, Schmit, JC, Åsjö, B, Balotta, C, Beshkov, D, Camacho, RJ, Clotet, B, Coughlan, S, De Wit, S, Griskevicius, A, Grossman, Z, Horban, A, Kolupajeva, T, Korn, K, Kostrikis, LG, Liitsola, K, Linka, M, Nielsen, C, Otelea, D, Paredes, R, Poljak, M, Puchhammer-Stöckl, E, Sönnerborg, A, Stanekova, D, Stanojevic, M, Vandamme, AM, Boucher, CAB, Van de Vijver, DAMC, Tramuto, F, Van Wijngaerden, Eric, Van Ranst, Marc, Van Laethem, Kristel, Derdelinckx, Inge, Kostrikis, Leontios G. [0000-0002-5340-7109], Paraskevis, Dimitrios [0000-0001-6167-7152], Virology, and Graduate School

Subjects
Male, Epidemiology, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Human immunodeficiency virus 1, HIV Infections, medicine.disease_cause, Virologie générale, phylogeny, Settore MED/42 - Igiene Generale E Applicata, Men who have sex with men, EMERGENCE, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine and Health Sciences, Medicine, Infection control, Cluster Analysis, 030212 general & internal medicine, Israel, Pathologie maladies infectieuses, travel, Phylogeny, 0303 health sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Travel, Transmission (medicine), article, virus transmission, IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1, 3. Good health, Europe, female, Infectious Diseases, SUBTYPE B, DRUG-RESISTANT HIV-1, RNA, Viral, male homosexual, Adult, structural gene, Molecular Sequence Data, Newly diagnosed, Clusters, 03 medical and health sciences, male, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY, SWITZERLAND, Virology, geographic distribution, Humans, Transmission, In patient, human, 030304 developmental biology, nonhuman, Molecular epidemiology, business.industry, Research, high risk population, Virologie médicale, nucleotide sequence, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection, major clinical study, unindexed sequence, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, HIV-1, business, Europe, HIV-1, Transmission, Clusters, Demography, cluster analysis
Abstract

Background: International travel plays a role in the spread of HIV-1 across Europe. It is, however, not known whether international travel is more important for spread of the epidemic as compared to endogenous infections within single countries. In this study, phylogenetic associations among HIV of newly diagnosed patients were determined across Europe.Results: Data came from the SPREAD programme which collects samples of newly diagnosed patients that are representative for national HIV epidemics. 4260 pol sequences from 25 European countries and Israel collected in 2002-2007 were included.We identified 457 clusters including 1330 persons (31.2% of all patients). The cluster size ranged between 2 and 28. A number of 987 patients (74.2%) were part of a cluster that consisted only of patients originating from the same country. In addition, 135 patients (10.2%) were in a cluster including only individuals from neighboring countries. Finally, 208 patients (15.6%) clustered with individuals from countries without a common border. Clustering with patients from the same country was less prevalent in patients being infected with B subtype (P-value, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2013

18. Primary resistance to integrase strand-transfer inhibitors in Europe

Author

Casadella, M, van Ham, PM, Noguera-Julian, M, van Kessel, A, Pou, C, Hofstra, LM, Santos, JR, Garcia, F, Struck, D, Alexiev, I, Kran, AMB, Hoepelman, AI, Kostrikis, LG, Somogyi, S, Liitsola, K, Linka, M, Nielsen, C, Otelea, D, Paraskevis, D, Poljak, M, Puchhammer-Stockl, E, Stanekova, D, Stanojevic, M, Van Laethem, K, Lepej, SZ, Clotet, B, Boucher, CAB, Paredes, R, Wensing, AMJ, Domingo P., and SPREAD Programme

Abstract

Objectives: The objective of this study was to define the natural genotypic variation of the HIV-1 integrase gene across Europe for epidemiological surveillance of integrase strand-transfer inhibitor (InSTI) resistance. Methods: This was a multicentre, cross-sectional study within the European SPREAD HIV resistance surveillance programme. A representative set of 300 samples was selected from 1950 naive HIV-positive subjects newly diagnosed in 2006-07. The prevalence of InSTI resistance was evaluated using quality-controlled baseline population sequencing of integrase. Signature raltegravir, elvitegravir and dolutegravir resistance mutations were defined according to the IAS-USA 2014 list. In addition, all integrase substitutions relative to HXB2 were identified, including those with a Stanford HIVdb score >= 10 to at least one InSTI. To rule out circulation of minority InSTI-resistant HIV, 65 samples were selected for 454 integrase sequencing. Results: For the population sequencing analysis, 278 samples were retrieved and successfully analysed. No signature resistance mutations to any of the InSTIs were detected. Eleven (4%) subjects had mutations at resistance-associated positions with an HIVdb score >= 10. Of the 56 samples successfully analysed with 454 sequencing, no InSTI signature mutations were detected, whereas integrase substitutions with an HIVdb score >= 10 were found in 8 (14.3%) individuals. Conclusions: No signature InSTI-resistant variants were circulating in Europe before the introduction of InSTIs. However, polymorphisms contributing to InSTI resistance were not rare. As InSTI use becomes more widespread, continuous surveillance of primary InSTI resistance is warranted. These data will be key to modelling the kinetics of InSTI resistance transmission in Europe in the coming years.

Published
2015

19. Trends in HIV surveillance data in the EU/EEA, 2005 to 2014: New HIV diagnoses still increasing in men who have sex with men

Author

Pharris, Anastasia, Quinten, C., Tavoschi, L., Spiteri, G., Amato-Gauci, A. J., Schmid, D., Sasse, A., Beckhoven, D. Van, Varleva, T., Blazic, Tatjana Nemeth, Koliou, M., Hadjihannas, L., Maly, M., Cowan, Susan, Rüütel, K., Liitsola, K., Salminen, M., Cazein, F., Pillonel, J., Lot, F., Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer, Barbara, Nikolopoulos, Georgios K., Paraskeva, D., Dudas, M., Briem, H., Sigmundsdottir, G., Igoe, D., O’Donnell, K., O’Flanagan, D., Suligoi, B., Konova, S., Erne, S., Caplinskiene, I., Jean-Schmit, C., Melillo, J. M., Melillo, T., Coul, E. Op De, Blystad, H., Rosinska, M., Diniz, A., Mardarescu, Mariana, Truska, P., Klavs, I., Diez, M., Avdicova, Maria, Delpech, Valerie, and Nikolopoulos, Georgios K.[0000-0002-3307-0246]

Subjects
Male, Delayed Diagnosis, Epidemiology, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV Infections, medicine.disease_cause, Men who have sex with men, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Medical diagnosis, media_common, human immunodeficiency virus, Transmission (medicine), Human immunodeficiency virus, AIDS Serodiagnosis, Homosexuality, Emigration and Immigration, Early diagnosis, Cell count, Virus diagnosis, AIDS, Europe, Population Surveillance, Public Health, Human, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Virus transmission, Cd4+ t lymphocyte, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Virology, medicine, media_common.cataloged_instance, Humans, European Union, European union, Homosexuality, Male, Hiv surveillance, HIV, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, business.industry, Prevention, Environmental and Occupational Health, medicine.disease, Immunology, business, Demography
Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission remains significant in Europe. Rates of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have declined, but not in all countries. New HIV diagnoses have increased among native and foreign-born men who have sex with men. Median CD4 + T-cell count at diagnosis has increased, but not in all groups, and late diagnosis remains common. HIV infection and AIDS can be eliminated in Europe with resolute prevention measures, early diagnosis and access to effective treatment. © 2015, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). All rights reserved. 20 47

Published
2015

20. Primary resistance to integrase strand-transfer inhibitors in Europe

Author

Moutschen, M., Casadellà, M., van Ham, P. M., Noguera-Julian, M., van Kessel, A., Pou, C., Hofstra, Laura Marije Arije, Santos, J. R., Garcia, F., Struck, D., Alexiev, Ivailo, Bakken Kran, A. M., Hoepelman, A. I., Kostrikis, Leontios G., Somogyi, Sybille, Liitsola, K., Linka, M., Nielsen, C., Otelea, D., Paraskevis, Dimitrios N., Poljak, M., Puchhammer-Stöckl, E., Staneková, D., Stanojevic, M., Van Laethem, K., Zidovec Lepej, S., Clotet, B., Boucher, C. A. B., Paredes, R., Wensing, A. M. J., Sarcletti, M., Schmied, B., Geit, M., Balluch, G., Vandamme, A. M., Vercauteren, J., Derdelinckx, I., Sasse, A., Bogaert, M., Ceunen, H., De Roo, A., De Wit, S., Echahidi, F., Fransen, K., Goffard, J. C., Goubau, P., Goudeseune, E., Yombi, J. C., Lacor, P., Liesnard, C., Pierard, D., Rens, R., Schrooten, Y., Vaira, D., Vandekerckhove, L. P., Van den Heuvel, A., Van Der Gucht, B., Van Ranst, M., Van Wijngaerden, E., Vandercam, B., Vekemans, M., Verhofstede, C., Clumeck, N., Beshkov, Danail, Begovac, J., Demetriades, Ioannis, Kousiappa, Ioanna, Demetriou, Victoria L., Hezka, Johana, Machala, L., Maly, M., Jørgensen, L. B., Gerstoft, J., Mathiesen, L., Pedersen, C., Nielsen, H., Laursen, A., Kvinesdal, B., Ristola, M., Suni, J., Sutinen, J., Hamouda, O., Kücherer, C., Berg, T., Braun, P., Poggensee, G., Däumer, M., Eberle, J., Heiken, H., Kaiser, R., Knechten, H., Korn, K., Müller, H., Neifer, S., Schmidt, B., Walter, H., Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer, B., Harrer, T., Hatzakis, Angelos E., Magiorkinis, Emmanouil N., Hatzitheodorou, Eleni, Haida, Catherine, Zavitsanou, Assimina, Magiorkinis, Gkikas, Lazanas, Marios C., Chini, Maria C., Magafas, N., Tsogas, Nickolaos, Paparizos, Vassilios A., Kourkounti, Sofia, Antoniadou, Anastasia C., Papadopoulos, Antonios I., Panagopoulos, Periklis, Poulakou, Garyphallia G., Sakka, V., Chryssos, Georgios, Drimis, Stylianos, Gargalianos, Panagiotis, Lelekis, Moyssis I., Chilomenos, G., Psichogiou, Mina A., Daikos, George L., Sabatakou, H., Panos, George, Haratsis, G., Kordossis, Theodore, Kontos, Athanasios N., Koratzanis, Georgios, Theodoridou, Maria C., Mostrou, Glykeria J., Spoulou, Vana I., Schmit, J. C., Hemmer, R., Arendt, V., Staub, T., Schneider, F., Roman, F., Wensing, A. M., Boucher, C. A., van de Vijver, D. A., van, P. H., Brinkman, K., Op de, E. L., van der Ende, M. E., Hoepelman, I. M., van Kasteren, M., Juttmann, J., Kuipers, M., Langebeek, N., Richter, C., Santegoets, R. M., Schrijnders-Gudde, L., Schuurman, R., van de Ven, B. J., Åsjö, Birgitta, Bakken, A. M., Ormaasen, V., Aavitsland, P., Paraschiv, S., Tudor, A. M., Jevtovic, D., Salemovic, D., Stanekova, D., Habekova, M., Mokráš, Miloš, Truska, P., Lunar, M., Babic, Dunja Z., Tomazic, J., Vidmar, L., Vovko, T., Karner, P., Domingo, P., Galindo, M. J., Miralles, C., Del, M. A., Ribera, E., Iribarren, J. A., Ruiz, L., de la Torre, J., Vidal, F., Kostrikis, Leontios G. [0000-0002-5340-7109], and Paraskevis, Dimitrios [0000-0001-6167-7152]

Subjects
sequence analysis, genotype, Human immunodeficiency virus 1, HIV Infections, RNA directed DNA polymerase inhibitor, integrase strand transfer inhibitor, HIV Integrase, molecular epidemiology, Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence, Risk Factors, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, genetic variability, genetics, Stanford HIVdb score, clinical trial, Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient, highly active antiretroviral therapy, Viral Load, unclassified drug, virology, health survey, dolutegravir, Europe, female, risk factor, Population Surveillance, virus gene, raltegravir, amino acid substitution, p31 integrase protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1, DNA sequence, gene sequence, Article, male, antiviral resistance, Drug Resistance, Viral, proteinase inhibitor, Humans, cross-sectional study, controlled study, human, HIV Integrase Inhibitors, quality control, scoring system, CD4 lymphocyte count, integrase inhibitor, Sequence Analysis, DNA, virus load, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection, major clinical study, drug efficacy, Cross-Sectional Studies, multicenter study, drug effects, genetic variation, HIV-1, integrase
Abstract

Objectives: The objective of this study was to define the natural genotypic variation of the HIV-1 integrase gene across Europe for epidemiological surveillance of integrase strand-transfer inhibitor (InSTI) resistance. Methods: This was a multicentre, cross-sectional study within the European SPREAD HIV resistance surveillance programme. A representative set of 300 samples was selected from 1950 naive HIV-positive subjects newly diagnosed in 2006-07. The prevalence of InSTI resistance was evaluated using quality-controlled baseline population sequencing of integrase. Signature raltegravir, elvitegravir and dolutegravir resistance mutations were defined according to the IAS-USA 2014 list. In addition, all integrase substitutions relative to HXB2 were identified, including those with a Stanford HIVdb score=10 to at least one InSTI. To rule out circulation of minority InSTIresistant HIV, 65 samples were selected for 454 integrase sequencing. Results: For the population sequencing analysis, 278 samples were retrieved and successfully analysed. No signature resistance mutations to any of the InSTIswere detected. Eleven (4%) subjects hadmutations at resistance-associated positions with an HIVdb score =10. Of the 56 samples successfully analysed with 454 sequencing, no InSTI signature mutationsweredetected, whereas integrase substitutionswithanHIVdbscore=10were found in8(14.3%) individuals. Conclusions:No signature InSTI-resistant variantswere circulating in Europe before the introduction of InSTIs. However, polymorphisms contributing to InSTI resistancewere not rare. As InSTI use becomes more widespread, continuous surveillance of primary InSTI resistance is warranted. These data will be key to modelling the kinetics of InSTI resistance transmission in Europe in the coming years. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. All rights reserved. 70 2885 2888 Cited By :15

Published
2015

21. Treatment-associated polymorphisms in protease are significantly associated with higher viral load and lower CD4 count in newly diagnosed drug-naive HIV-1 infected patients

Author

Moutschen, M., Theys, K., Deforche, K., Vercauteren, J., Libin, P., van de Vijver, D. A. M. C., Albert, Jan, Åsjö, Birgitta, Balotta, Claudia, Bruckova, M., Camacho, Ricardo J., Clotet, B., Coughlan, S., Grossman, Z., Hamouda, O., Horban, A., Korn, K., Kostrikis, Leontios G., Kücherer, C., Nielsen, C., Paraskevis, Dimitrios N., Poljak, M., Puchhammer-Stockl, E., Riva, C., Ruiz, L., Liitsola, K., Schmit, J. -C, Schuurman, R., Sönnerborg, A., Stanekova, D., Stanojevic, M., Struck, D., Van Laethem, K., Wensing, A. M. J., Boucher, C. A. B., Vandamme, A. M., Sarcletti, M., Schmied, B., Geit, M., Balluch, G., Derdelinckx, I., Sasse, A., Bogaert, M., Ceunen, H., De Roo, A., De Wit, S., Echahidi, F., Fransen, K., Goffard, J. -C, Goubau, P., Goudeseune, E., Yombi, J. -C, Lacor, P., Liesnard, C., Pierard, D., Rens, R., Schrooten, Y., Vaira, D., Van den Heuvel, A., Van Der Gucht, B., Van Ranst, M., Van Wijngaerden, E., Vandercam, B., Vekemans, M., Verhofstede, C., Clumeck, N., Demetriades, Ioannis, Kousiappa, Ioanna, Demetriou, Victoria L., Hezka, Johana, Linka, M., Machala, L., Jrgensen, L. B., Gerstoft, J., Mathiesen, L., Pedersen, C., Nielsen, H., Laursen, A., Kvinesdal, B., Ristola, M., Suni, J., Sutinen, J., K̈ucherer, C., Berg, T., Braun, P., Poggensee, G., Däumer, M., Eberle, J., Heiken, H., Kaiser, R., Knechten, H., Müller, H., Neifer, S., Schmidt, B., Walter, H., Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer, B., Harrer, T., Hatzakis, Angelos E., Magiorkinis, Emmanouil N., Hatzitheodorou, Eleni, Issaris, C., Haida, Catherine, Zavitsanou, Assimina, Magiorkinis, Gkikas, Lazanas, Marios C., Chini, Maria C., Magafas, N., Tsogas, Nickolaos, Paparizos, Vassilios A., Kourkounti, Sofia, Antoniadou, Anastasia C., Papadopoulos, Antonios I., Panagopoulos, Periklis, Poulakou, Garyphallia G., Sakka, V., Chryssos, Georgios, Drimis, Stylianos, Gargalianos, Panagiotis, Lelekis, Moyssis I., Xilomenos, G., Psichogiou, Mina A., Daikos, George L., Panos, George, Haratsis, G., Kordossis, Theodore, Kontos, Athanasios N., Koratzanis, Georgios, Theodoridou, Maria C., Mostrou, Glykeria J., Spoulou, Vana I., Hall, W., De Gascun, C., Byrne, C., Duffy, M., Bergin, C., Reidy, D., Farrell, G., Lambert, J., O'Connor, E., Rochford, A., Low, J., Coakely, P., Levi, I., Chemtob, D., Mussini, C., Caramma, I., Capetti, A., Colombo, M. C., Rossi, C., Prati, F., Tramuto, F., Vitale, F., Ciccozzi, M., Angarano, G., Rezza, G., Schmit, J. C., Hemmer, R., Arendt, V., Staub, T., Schneider, F., Roman, F., van Bentum, P. H. M., Brinkman, K., op de Coul, E. L., van der Ende, M. E., Hoepelman, I. M., van Kasteren, M., Juttmann, J., Kuipers, M., Langebeek, N., Richter, C., Santegoets, R. M. W. J., Schrijnders-Gudde, L., van de Ven, B. J. M., Ormaasen, V., Aavitsland, P., Stanczak, J. J., Stanczak, G. P., Firlag-Burkacka, E., Wiercinska-Drapalo, A., Jablonowska, E., Malolepsza, E., Leszczyszyn-Pynka, M., Szata, W., Palma, C., Borges, F., Paix̃ao, T., Duque, V., Araújo, F., Jevtovic, D. J., Salemovic, D., Habekova, M., Mokráš, Miloš, Truska, P., Babic, Dunja Z., Tomazic, J., Vidmar, L., Karner, P., Gutíerrez, C., deMendoza, C., Erkicia, I., Domingo, P., Camino, X., Galindo, M. J., Blanco, J. L., Leal, M., Masabeu, A., Guelar, A., Llibre, J. M., Margall, N., Iribarren, J. A., Gutierrez, S., Baldov́i, J. F., Pedreira, J. D., Gatell, J. M., Moreno, S., de Mendoza, C., Soriano, V., Blaxhult, A., Heidarian, A., Karlsson, A., Aperia-Peipke, K., Bergbrant, I. -M, Gissĺen, M., Svennerholm, M., Björkman, Per, Bratt, G., Carlsson, M., Ekvall, H., Ericsson, M., Ḧofer, M., Johansson, B., Sonnerb̈org, A., Kuylenstierna, N., Ljungberg, B., Mäkitalo, S., Strand, A., Öberg, S., Virology, Erasmus MC other, Van Wijngaerden, Eric, Clinicum, Department of Medicine, Infektiosairauksien yksikkö, Centro de Malária e outras Doenças Tropicais (CMDT), Graduate School, Kostrikis, Leontios G. [0000-0002-5340-7109], Paraskevis, Dimitrios [0000-0001-6167-7152], UCL - SSS/IREC/MBLG - Pôle de Microbiologie médicale, UCL - (SLuc) Service de microbiologie, UCL - (SLuc) Service de médecine interne générale, Theys, K, Deforche, K, Vercauteren, J, Libin, P, van de Vijver, DA, Albert, J, Asjö, B, Balotta, C, Bruckova, M, Camacho, RJ, Clotet, B, Coughlan, S, Grossman, Z, Hamouda, O, Horban, A, Korn, K, Kostrikis, LG, Kücherer, C, Nielsen, C, Paraskevis, D, Poljak, M, Puchhammer Stockl, E, Riva, C, Ruiz, L, Liitsola, K, Schmit, JC, Schuurman, R, Sönnerborg, A, Stanekova, D, Stanojevic, M, Struck, D, Van Laethem, K, Wensing, AM, Boucher, CA, Vandamme, AM, Tramuto, F, and Vitale, F

Subjects
Adult, Male, lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy, Anti-HIV Agents, education, Virulence, HIV Infections, Drug resistance, Biology, Settore MED/42 - Igiene Generale E Applicata, Virus, polymorphism, 03 medical and health sciences, Viral Proteins, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Virology, Genotype, Drug Resistance, Viral, drug-naive, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Polymorphism, Genetic, 030306 microbiology, Research, protease, Viral Load, Reverse transcriptase, 3. Good health, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Drug-naïve, Infectious Diseases, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, Immunology, biology.protein, HIV-1, Female, Antibody, lcsh:RC581-607, Viral load, HIV-1 infected patient, medicine.drug, Peptide Hydrolases
Abstract

Background: The effect of drug resistance transmission on disease progression in the newly infected patient is not well understood. Major drug resistance mutations severely impair viral fitness in a drug free environment, and therefore expected to revert quickly. Compensatory mutations, often already polymorphic in wild-type viruses, do not tend to revert after transmission. While compensatory mutations increase fitness during treatment, their presence may also modulate viral fitness and virulence in absence of therapy and major resistance mutations. We previously designed a modeling technique that quantifies genotypic footprints of in vivo treatment selective pressure, including both drug resistance mutations and polymorphic compensatory mutations, through the quantitative description of a fitness landscape from virus genetic sequences. Results: Genotypic correlates of viral load and CD4 cell count were evaluated in subtype B sequences from recently diagnosed treatment-naive patients enrolled in the SPREAD programme. The association of surveillance drug resistance mutations, reported compensatory mutations and fitness estimated from drug selective pressure fitness landscapes with baseline viral load and CD4 cell count was evaluated using regression techniques. Protease genotypic variability estimated to increase fitness during treatment was associated with higher viral load and lower CD4 cell counts also in treatment-naive patients, which could primarily be attributed to well-known compensatory mutations at highly polymorphic positions. By contrast, treatment-related mutations in reverse transcriptase could not explain viral load or CD4 cell count variability. Conclusions: These results suggest that polymorphic compensatory mutations in protease, reported to be selected during treatment, may improve the replicative capacity of HIV-1 even in absence of drug selective pressure or major resistance mutations. The presence of this polymorphic variation may either reflect a history of drug selective pressure, i.e. transmission from a treated patient, or merely be a result of diversity in wild-type virus. Our findings suggest that transmitted drug resistance has the potential to contribute to faster disease progression in the newly infected host and to shape the HIV-1 epidemic at a population level. ispartof: Retrovirology vol:9 issue:1 ispartof: location:England status: published

Published
2012

22. Transmission of HIV drug resistance and the predicted effect on current first-line regimens in Europe

Author

Hofstra, L. Marije, Sauvageot, Nicolas, Albert, Jan, Alexiev, Ivailo, Garcia, Federico, Struck, Daniel, Van De Vijver, David A M C, Åsjö, Birgitta, Beshkov, Danail, Coughlan, Suzie, Descamps, Diane, Griskevicius, Algirdas, Hamouda, Osamah, Horban, Andrzej, Van Kasteren, Marjo, Kolupajeva, Tatjana, Kostrikis, Leontios G., Liitsola, Kirsi, Linka, Marek, Mor, Orna, Nielsen, Claus, Otelea, Dan, Paraskevis, Dimitrios, Paredes, Roger, Poljak, Mario, Puchhammer-Stöckl, Elisabeth, Sönnerborg, Anders, Staneková, Danica, Stanojevic, Maja, Van Laethem, Kristel, Zazzi, Maurizio, Lepej, Snjezana Zidovec, Boucher, Charles A B, Schmit, Jean Claude, Wensing, Annemarie M J, Puchhammer-Stockl, E., Sarcletti, M., Schmied, B., Geit, M., Balluch, G., Vandamme, A. M., Vercauteren, J., Derdelinckx, I., Sasse, A., Bogaert, M., Ceunen, H., De Roo, A., De Wit, S., Echahidi, F., Fransen, K., Goffard, J. C., Goubau, P., Goudeseune, E., Yombi, J. C., Lacor, P., Liesnard, C., Moutschen, M., Pierard, D., Rens, R., Schrooten, Y., Vaira, D., Vandekerckhove, L. P R, Van Den Heuvel, A., Van Der Gucht, B., Van Ranst, M., Van Wijngaerden, E., Vandercam, B., Vekemans, M., Verhofstede, C., Clumeck, N., Van Laethem, K., Beshkov, D., Alexiev, I., Lepej, S. Zidovec, Begovac, J., Demetriades, I., Kousiappa, I., Demetriou, V., Hezka, J., Linka, M., Maly, M., Machala, L., Nielsen, C., Jørgensen, L. B., Gerstoft, J., Mathiesen, L., Pedersen, C., Nielsen, H., Laursen, A., Kvinesdal, B., Liitsola, K., Ristola, M., Suni, J., Sutinen, J., Descamps, D., Assoumou, L., Castor, G., Grude, M., Flandre, P., Storto, A., Hamouda, O., Kücherer, C., Berg, T., Braun, P., Poggensee, G., Däumer, M., Eberle, J., Heiken, H., Kaiser, R., Knechten, H., Korn, K., Müller, H., Neifer, S., Schmidt, B., Walter, H., Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer, B., Harrer, T., Paraskevis, D., Hatzakis, A., Zavitsanou, A., Vassilakis, A., Lazanas, M., Chini, M., Lioni, A., Sakka, V., Kourkounti, S., Paparizos, V., Antoniadou, A., Papadopoulos, A., Poulakou, G., Katsarolis, I., Protopapas, K., Chryssos, G., Drimis, S., Gargalianos, P., Xylomenos, G., Lourida, G., Psichogiou, M., Daikos, G. L., Sipsas, N. V., Kontos, A., Gamaletsou, M. N., Koratzanis, G., Sambatakou, E., Mariolis, H., Skoutelis, A., Papastamopoulos, V., Georgiou, O., Panagopoulos, P., Maltezos, E., Coughlan, S., De Gascun, C., Byrne, C., Duffy, M., Bergin, C., Reidy, D., Farrell, G., Lambert, J., O'Connor, E., Rochford, A., Low, J., Coakely, P., O'Dea, S., Hall, W., Mor, O., Levi, I., Chemtob, D., Grossman, Z., Zazzi, M., De Luca, A., Balotta, C., Riva, C., Mussini, C., Caramma, I., Capetti, A., Colombo, M. C., Rossi, C., Prati, F., Tramuto, F., Vitale, F., Ciccozzi, M., Angarano, G., Rezza, G., Kolupajeva, T., Vasins, O., Griskevicius, A., Lipnickiene, V., Schmit, J. C., Struck, D., Sauvageot, N., Hemmer, R., Arendt, V., Michaux, C., Staub, T., Sequin-Devaux, C., Wensing, A. M J, Boucher, C. A B, Van Kessel, A., Van Bentum, P. H M, Brinkman, K., Connell, B. J., Van Der Ende, M. E., Hoepelman, I. M., Van Kasteren, M., Kuipers, M., Langebeek, N., Richter, C., Santegoets, R. M W J, Schrijnders-Gudde, L., Schuurman, R., Van De Ven, B. J M, Åsjö, B., Kran, A. M Bakken, Ormaasen, V., Aavitsland, P., Horban, A., Stanczak, J. J., Stanczak, G. P., Firlag-Burkacka, E., Wiercinska-Drapalo, A., Jablonowska, E., Maolepsza, E., Leszczyszyn-Pynka, M., Szata, W., Camacho, R., Palma, C., Borges, F., Paixão, T., Duque, V., Araújo, F., Otelea, D., Paraschiv, S., Tudor, A. M., Cernat, R., Chiriac, C., Dumitrescu, F., Prisecariu, L. J., Stanojevic, M., Jevtovic, Dj, Salemovic, D., Stanekova, D., Habekova, M., Chabadová, Z., Drobkova, T., Bukovinova, P., Shunnar, A., Truska, P., Poljak, M., Lunar, M., Babic, D., Tomazic, J., Vidmar, L., Vovko, T., Karner, P., Garcia, F., Paredes, R., Monge, S., Moreno, S., Del Amo, J., Asensi, V., Sirvent, J. L., De Mendoza, C., Delgado, R., Gutiérrez, F., Berenguer, J., Garcia-Bujalance, S., Stella, N., De Los Santos, I., Blanco, J. R., Dalmau, D., Rivero, M., Segura, F., Elías, M. J Pérez, Alvarez, M., Chueca, N., Rodríguez-Martín, C., Vidal, C., Palomares, J. C., Viciana, I., Viciana, P., Cordoba, J., Aguilera, A., Domingo, P., Galindo, M. J., Miralles, C., Del Pozo, M. A., Ribera, E., Iribarren, J. A., Ruiz, L., De La Torre, J., Vidal, F., Clotet, B., Albert, J., Heidarian, A., Aperia-Peipke, K., Axelsson, M., Mild, M., Karlsson, A., Sönnerborg, A., Thalme, A., Navér, L., Bratt, G., Blaxhult, A., Gisslén, M., Svennerholm, B., Bergbrant, I., Björkman, P., Säll, C., Mellgren, Lindholm, A., Kuylenstierna, N., Montelius, R., Azimi, F., Johansson, B., Carlsson, M., Johansson, E., Ljungberg, B., Ekvall, H., Strand, A., Mäkitalo, S., Öberg, S., Holmblad, P., Höfer, M., Holmberg, H., Josefson, P., Ryding, U., Hofstra, L. Marije, Sauvageot, Nicolas, Albert, Jan, Alexiev, Ivailo, Garcia, Federico, Struck, Daniel, Van De Vijver, David A M C, Åsjö, Birgitta, Beshkov, Danail, Coughlan, Suzie, Descamps, Diane, Griskevicius, Algirdas, Hamouda, Osamah, Horban, Andrzej, Van Kasteren, Marjo, Kolupajeva, Tatjana, Kostrikis, Leontios G., Liitsola, Kirsi, Linka, Marek, Mor, Orna, Nielsen, Claus, Otelea, Dan, Paraskevis, Dimitrios, Paredes, Roger, Poljak, Mario, Puchhammer-Stöckl, Elisabeth, Sönnerborg, Anders, Staneková, Danica, Stanojevic, Maja, Van Laethem, Kristel, Zazzi, Maurizio, Lepej, Snjezana Zidovec, Boucher, Charles A B, Schmit, Jean Claude, Wensing, Annemarie M J, Puchhammer-Stockl, E., Sarcletti, M., Schmied, B., Geit, M., Balluch, G., Vandamme, A. M., Vercauteren, J., Derdelinckx, I., Sasse, A., Bogaert, M., Ceunen, H., De Roo, A., De Wit, S., Echahidi, F., Fransen, K., Goffard, J. C., Goubau, P., Goudeseune, E., Yombi, J. C., Lacor, P., Liesnard, C., Moutschen, M., Pierard, D., Rens, R., Schrooten, Y., Vaira, D., Vandekerckhove, L. P R, Van Den Heuvel, A., Van Der Gucht, B., Van Ranst, M., Van Wijngaerden, E., Vandercam, B., Vekemans, M., Verhofstede, C., Clumeck, N., Van Laethem, K., Beshkov, D., Alexiev, I., Lepej, S. Zidovec, Begovac, J., Demetriades, I., Kousiappa, I., Demetriou, V., Hezka, J., Linka, M., Maly, M., Machala, L., Nielsen, C., Jørgensen, L. B., Gerstoft, J., Mathiesen, L., Pedersen, C., Nielsen, H., Laursen, A., Kvinesdal, B., Liitsola, K., Ristola, M., Suni, J., Sutinen, J., Descamps, D., Assoumou, L., Castor, G., Grude, M., Flandre, P., Storto, A., Hamouda, O., Kücherer, C., Berg, T., Braun, P., Poggensee, G., Däumer, M., Eberle, J., Heiken, H., Kaiser, R., Knechten, H., Korn, K., Müller, H., Neifer, S., Schmidt, B., Walter, H., Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer, B., Harrer, T., Paraskevis, D., Hatzakis, A., Zavitsanou, A., Vassilakis, A., Lazanas, M., Chini, M., Lioni, A., Sakka, V., Kourkounti, S., Paparizos, V., Antoniadou, A., Papadopoulos, A., Poulakou, G., Katsarolis, I., Protopapas, K., Chryssos, G., Drimis, S., Gargalianos, P., Xylomenos, G., Lourida, G., Psichogiou, M., Daikos, G. L., Sipsas, N. V., Kontos, A., Gamaletsou, M. N., Koratzanis, G., Sambatakou, E., Mariolis, H., Skoutelis, A., Papastamopoulos, V., Georgiou, O., Panagopoulos, P., Maltezos, E., Coughlan, S., De Gascun, C., Byrne, C., Duffy, M., Bergin, C., Reidy, D., Farrell, G., Lambert, J., O'Connor, E., Rochford, A., Low, J., Coakely, P., O'Dea, S., Hall, W., Mor, O., Levi, I., Chemtob, D., Grossman, Z., Zazzi, M., De Luca, A., Balotta, C., Riva, C., Mussini, C., Caramma, I., Capetti, A., Colombo, M. C., Rossi, C., Prati, F., Tramuto, F., Vitale, F., Ciccozzi, M., Angarano, G., Rezza, G., Kolupajeva, T., Vasins, O., Griskevicius, A., Lipnickiene, V., Schmit, J. C., Struck, D., Sauvageot, N., Hemmer, R., Arendt, V., Michaux, C., Staub, T., Sequin-Devaux, C., Wensing, A. M J, Boucher, C. A B, Van Kessel, A., Van Bentum, P. H M, Brinkman, K., Connell, B. J., Van Der Ende, M. E., Hoepelman, I. M., Van Kasteren, M., Kuipers, M., Langebeek, N., Richter, C., Santegoets, R. M W J, Schrijnders-Gudde, L., Schuurman, R., Van De Ven, B. J M, Åsjö, B., Kran, A. M Bakken, Ormaasen, V., Aavitsland, P., Horban, A., Stanczak, J. J., Stanczak, G. P., Firlag-Burkacka, E., Wiercinska-Drapalo, A., Jablonowska, E., Maolepsza, E., Leszczyszyn-Pynka, M., Szata, W., Camacho, R., Palma, C., Borges, F., Paixão, T., Duque, V., Araújo, F., Otelea, D., Paraschiv, S., Tudor, A. M., Cernat, R., Chiriac, C., Dumitrescu, F., Prisecariu, L. J., Stanojevic, M., Jevtovic, Dj, Salemovic, D., Stanekova, D., Habekova, M., Chabadová, Z., Drobkova, T., Bukovinova, P., Shunnar, A., Truska, P., Poljak, M., Lunar, M., Babic, D., Tomazic, J., Vidmar, L., Vovko, T., Karner, P., Garcia, F., Paredes, R., Monge, S., Moreno, S., Del Amo, J., Asensi, V., Sirvent, J. L., De Mendoza, C., Delgado, R., Gutiérrez, F., Berenguer, J., Garcia-Bujalance, S., Stella, N., De Los Santos, I., Blanco, J. R., Dalmau, D., Rivero, M., Segura, F., Elías, M. J Pérez, Alvarez, M., Chueca, N., Rodríguez-Martín, C., Vidal, C., Palomares, J. C., Viciana, I., Viciana, P., Cordoba, J., Aguilera, A., Domingo, P., Galindo, M. J., Miralles, C., Del Pozo, M. A., Ribera, E., Iribarren, J. A., Ruiz, L., De La Torre, J., Vidal, F., Clotet, B., Albert, J., Heidarian, A., Aperia-Peipke, K., Axelsson, M., Mild, M., Karlsson, A., Sönnerborg, A., Thalme, A., Navér, L., Bratt, G., Blaxhult, A., Gisslén, M., Svennerholm, B., Bergbrant, I., Björkman, P., Säll, C., Mellgren, Lindholm, A., Kuylenstierna, N., Montelius, R., Azimi, F., Johansson, B., Carlsson, M., Johansson, E., Ljungberg, B., Ekvall, H., Strand, A., Mäkitalo, S., Öberg, S., Holmblad, P., Höfer, M., Holmberg, H., Josefson, P., and Ryding, U.

Published
2016

23. The global spread of HIV-1 subtype B epidemic

Author

Magiorkinis, G. (Gkikas), Angelis, K. (Konstantinos), Mamais, I. (Ioannis), Katzourakis, A. (Aris), Hatzakis, A. (Angelos), Albert, J. (Jan), Lawyer, G. (Glenn), Hamouda, O. (Osamah), Struck, D. (Daniel), Vercauteren, J. (Jurgen), Wensing, A. (Amj), Alexiev, I. (Ivailo), Åsjö, B. (Birgitta), Balotta, C. (Claudia), Gomes, P. (Perpétua), Camacho, R.J. (Ricardo Jorge), Coughlan, S. (Suzie), Griskevicius, A. (Algirdas), Grossman, Z. (Zehava), Horban, A. (Anders), Kostrikis, L.G. (Leondios), Lepej, S.J. (Snjezana J.), Liitsola, K. (Kirsi), Linka, M. (Marek), Nielsen, C., Otelea, D. (Dan), Paredes, R. (Roger), Poljak, M. (Mario), Puchhammer-Stöckl, E. (Elisabeth), Schmit, J.C., Sonnerborg, A. (Anders), Stanekova, D. (Danica), Stanojevic, M. (Maja), Stylianou, D.C. (Dora C.), Boucher, C.A.B. (Charles), Nikolopoulos, G. (Georgios), Vasylyeva, T. (Tetyana), Friedman, S.R. (Samuel R.), Vijver, D.A.M.C. (David) van de, Angarano, G. (Guiseppe), Chaix, M.L. (Marie Laure), Luca, A. (Andrea) de, Korn, K. (Klaus), Loveday, C. (Clive), Soriano, V. (Virtudes), Yerly, S. (Sabine), Zazzi, M., Vandamme, A.M. (Anne Mieke), Paraskevis, D. (Dimitrios), Magiorkinis, G. (Gkikas), Angelis, K. (Konstantinos), Mamais, I. (Ioannis), Katzourakis, A. (Aris), Hatzakis, A. (Angelos), Albert, J. (Jan), Lawyer, G. (Glenn), Hamouda, O. (Osamah), Struck, D. (Daniel), Vercauteren, J. (Jurgen), Wensing, A. (Amj), Alexiev, I. (Ivailo), Åsjö, B. (Birgitta), Balotta, C. (Claudia), Gomes, P. (Perpétua), Camacho, R.J. (Ricardo Jorge), Coughlan, S. (Suzie), Griskevicius, A. (Algirdas), Grossman, Z. (Zehava), Horban, A. (Anders), Kostrikis, L.G. (Leondios), Lepej, S.J. (Snjezana J.), Liitsola, K. (Kirsi), Linka, M. (Marek), Nielsen, C., Otelea, D. (Dan), Paredes, R. (Roger), Poljak, M. (Mario), Puchhammer-Stöckl, E. (Elisabeth), Schmit, J.C., Sonnerborg, A. (Anders), Stanekova, D. (Danica), Stanojevic, M. (Maja), Stylianou, D.C. (Dora C.), Boucher, C.A.B. (Charles), Nikolopoulos, G. (Georgios), Vasylyeva, T. (Tetyana), Friedman, S.R. (Samuel R.), Vijver, D.A.M.C. (David) van de, Angarano, G. (Guiseppe), Chaix, M.L. (Marie Laure), Luca, A. (Andrea) de, Korn, K. (Klaus), Loveday, C. (Clive), Soriano, V. (Virtudes), Yerly, S. (Sabine), Zazzi, M., Vandamme, A.M. (Anne Mieke), and Paraskevis, D. (Dimitrios)

Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was discovered in the early 1980s when the virus had already established a pandemic. For at least three decades the epidemic in the Western World has been dominated by subtype B infections, as part of a sub-epidemic that traveled from Africa through Haiti to United States. However, the pattern of the subsequent spread still remains poorly understood. Here we analyze a large dataset of globally representative HIV-1 subtype B strains to map their spread around the world over the last 50. years and describe significant spread patterns. We show that subtype B travelled from North America to Western Europe in different occasions, while Central/Eastern Europe remained isolated for the most part of the early epidemic. Looking with more detail in European countries we see that the United Kingdom, France and Switzerland exchanged viral isolates with non-European countries than with European ones. The observed pattern is likely to mirror geopolitical landmarks in the post-World War II era, namely the rise and the fall of the Iron Curtain and the European colonialism. In conclusion, HIV-1 spread through specific migration routes which are consistent with geopolitical factors that affected human activities during the last 50. years, such as migration, tourism and trade. Our findings support the argument that epidemic control policies should be global and incorporate political and socioeconomic factors. . . .

Published
2016
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24. Transmission of HIV Drug Resistance and the Predicted Effect on Current First-line Regimens in Europe

Author

Hofstra, L.M. (Marije), Sauvageot, N. (Nicolas), Albert, J. (Jan), Alexiev, I. (Ivailo), Garcia, F. (Federico), Struck, D. (Daniel), Vijver, D.A.M.C. (David) van de, Åsjö, B. (Birgitta), Beshkov, D. (Danail), Coughlan, S. (Suzie), Descamps, D. (Diane), Griskevicius, A. (Algirdas), Hamouda, O. (Osamah), Horban, A. (Andrzej), Kasteren, M.E.E. (Marjo) van, Kolupajeva, T. (Tatjana), Kostrikis, L.G. (Leondios), Liitsola, K. (Kirsi), Linka, M. (Marek), Mor, O. (Orna), Nielsen, C. (Claus), Otelea, D. (Dan), Paraskevis, D. (Dimitrios), Paredes, R. (Roger), Poljak, M. (Mario), Puchhammer-Stockl, E. (Elisabeth), Sonnerborg, A. (Anders), Stanekova, D. (Danica), Stanojevic, M. (Maja), Van Laethem, K. (Kristel), Zazzi, M. (Maurizio), Zidovec Lepej, S. (Snjezana), Boucher, C.A.B. (Charles), Schmit, J.-C. (Jean-Claude), Wensing, A.M.J. (Annemarie), Hofstra, L.M. (Marije), Sauvageot, N. (Nicolas), Albert, J. (Jan), Alexiev, I. (Ivailo), Garcia, F. (Federico), Struck, D. (Daniel), Vijver, D.A.M.C. (David) van de, Åsjö, B. (Birgitta), Beshkov, D. (Danail), Coughlan, S. (Suzie), Descamps, D. (Diane), Griskevicius, A. (Algirdas), Hamouda, O. (Osamah), Horban, A. (Andrzej), Kasteren, M.E.E. (Marjo) van, Kolupajeva, T. (Tatjana), Kostrikis, L.G. (Leondios), Liitsola, K. (Kirsi), Linka, M. (Marek), Mor, O. (Orna), Nielsen, C. (Claus), Otelea, D. (Dan), Paraskevis, D. (Dimitrios), Paredes, R. (Roger), Poljak, M. (Mario), Puchhammer-Stockl, E. (Elisabeth), Sonnerborg, A. (Anders), Stanekova, D. (Danica), Stanojevic, M. (Maja), Van Laethem, K. (Kristel), Zazzi, M. (Maurizio), Zidovec Lepej, S. (Snjezana), Boucher, C.A.B. (Charles), Schmit, J.-C. (Jean-Claude), and Wensing, A.M.J. (Annemarie)

Abstract

Background. Numerous studies have shown that baseline drug resistance patterns may influence the outcome of antiretroviral therapy. Therefore, guidelines recommend drug resistance testing to guide the choice of initial regimen. In addition to optimizing individual patient management, these baseline resistance data enable transmitted drug resistance (TDR) to be surveyed for public health purposes. The SPREAD program systematically collects data to gain insight into TDR occurring in Europe since 2001. Methods. Demographic, clinical, and virological data from 4140 antiretroviral-naive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals from 26 countries who were newly diagnosed between 2008 and 2010 were analyzed. Evidence of TDR was defined using the WHO list for surveillance of drug resistance mutations. Prevalence of TDR was assessed over time by comparing the results to SPREAD data from 2002 to 2007. Baseline susceptibility to antiretroviral drugs was predicted using the Stanford HIVdb program version 7.0. Results. The overall prevalence of TDR did not change significantly over time and was 8.3% (95% confidence interval, 7.2%-9.5%) in 2008-2010. The most frequent indicators of TDR were nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) mutations (4.5%), followed by nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) mutations (2.9%) and protease inhibitor mutations (2.0%). Baseline mutations were most predictive of reduced susceptibility to initial NNRTI-based regimens: 4.5% and 6.5% of patient isolates were predicted to have resistance to regimens containing efavirenz or rilpivirine, respectively, independent of current NRTI backbones. Conclusions. Although TDR was highest for NRTIs, the impact of baseline drug resistance patterns on susceptibility was largest for NNRTIs. The prevalence of TDR assessed by epidemiological surveys does not clearly indicate to what degree susceptibility to different drug classes is affected.

Published
2016
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25. Transmission of HIV drug resistance and the predicted effect on current first-line regimens in Europe

Author

MMB opleiding Arts microbioloog, MMB Medische Staf, Infection & Immunity, Onderzoek Bob Oranje, Brain, Cardiovasculaire Epi Team 1, MMB Research line 3a, MS Infectieziekten, Circulatory Health, MMB Staf diagnostiek, Hofstra, L. Marije, Sauvageot, Nicolas, Albert, Jan, Alexiev, Ivailo, Garcia, Federico, Struck, Daniel, Van De Vijver, David A M C, Åsjö, Birgitta, Beshkov, Danail, Coughlan, Suzie, Descamps, Diane, Griskevicius, Algirdas, Hamouda, Osamah, Horban, Andrzej, Van Kasteren, Marjo, Kolupajeva, Tatjana, Kostrikis, Leontios G., Liitsola, Kirsi, Linka, Marek, Mor, Orna, Nielsen, Claus, Otelea, Dan, Paraskevis, Dimitrios, Paredes, Roger, Poljak, Mario, Puchhammer-Stöckl, Elisabeth, Sönnerborg, Anders, Staneková, Danica, Stanojevic, Maja, Van Laethem, Kristel, Zazzi, Maurizio, Lepej, Snjezana Zidovec, Boucher, Charles A B, Schmit, Jean Claude, Wensing, Annemarie M J, Puchhammer-Stockl, E., Sarcletti, M., Schmied, B., Geit, M., Balluch, G., Vandamme, A. M., Vercauteren, J., Derdelinckx, I., Sasse, A., Bogaert, M., Ceunen, H., De Roo, A., De Wit, S., Echahidi, F., Fransen, K., Goffard, J. C., Goubau, P., Goudeseune, E., Yombi, J. C., Lacor, P., Liesnard, C., Moutschen, M., Pierard, D., Rens, R., Schrooten, Y., Vaira, D., Vandekerckhove, L. P R, Van Den Heuvel, A., Van Der Gucht, B., Van Ranst, M., Van Wijngaerden, E., Vandercam, B., Vekemans, M., Verhofstede, C., Clumeck, N., Van Laethem, K., Beshkov, D., Alexiev, I., Lepej, S. Zidovec, Begovac, J., Demetriades, I., Kousiappa, I., Demetriou, V., Hezka, J., Linka, M., Maly, M., Machala, L., Nielsen, C., Jørgensen, L. B., Gerstoft, J., Mathiesen, L., Pedersen, C., Nielsen, H., Laursen, A., Kvinesdal, B., Liitsola, K., Ristola, M., Suni, J., Sutinen, J., Descamps, D., Assoumou, L., Castor, G., Grude, M., Flandre, P., Storto, A., Hamouda, O., Kücherer, C., Berg, T., Braun, P., Poggensee, G., Däumer, M., Eberle, J., Heiken, H., Kaiser, R., Knechten, H., Korn, K., Müller, H., Neifer, S., Schmidt, B., Walter, H., Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer, B., Harrer, T., Paraskevis, D., Hatzakis, A., Zavitsanou, A., Vassilakis, A., Lazanas, M., Chini, M., Lioni, A., Sakka, V., Kourkounti, S., Paparizos, V., Antoniadou, A., Papadopoulos, A., Poulakou, G., Katsarolis, I., Protopapas, K., Chryssos, G., Drimis, S., Gargalianos, P., Xylomenos, G., Lourida, G., Psichogiou, M., Daikos, G. L., Sipsas, N. V., Kontos, A., Gamaletsou, M. N., Koratzanis, G., Sambatakou, E., Mariolis, H., Skoutelis, A., Papastamopoulos, V., Georgiou, O., Panagopoulos, P., Maltezos, E., Coughlan, S., De Gascun, C., Byrne, C., Duffy, M., Bergin, C., Reidy, D., Farrell, G., Lambert, J., O'Connor, E., Rochford, A., Low, J., Coakely, P., O'Dea, S., Hall, W., Mor, O., Levi, I., Chemtob, D., Grossman, Z., Zazzi, M., De Luca, A., Balotta, C., Riva, C., Mussini, C., Caramma, I., Capetti, A., Colombo, M. C., Rossi, C., Prati, F., Tramuto, F., Vitale, F., Ciccozzi, M., Angarano, G., Rezza, G., Kolupajeva, T., Vasins, O., Griskevicius, A., Lipnickiene, V., Schmit, J. C., Struck, D., Sauvageot, N., Hemmer, R., Arendt, V., Michaux, C., Staub, T., Sequin-Devaux, C., Wensing, A. M J, Boucher, C. A B, Van Kessel, A., Van Bentum, P. H M, Brinkman, K., Connell, B. J., Van Der Ende, M. E., Hoepelman, I. M., Van Kasteren, M., Kuipers, M., Langebeek, N., Richter, C., Santegoets, R. M W J, Schrijnders-Gudde, L., Schuurman, R., Van De Ven, B. J M, Åsjö, B., Kran, A. M Bakken, Ormaasen, V., Aavitsland, P., Horban, A., Stanczak, J. J., Stanczak, G. P., Firlag-Burkacka, E., Wiercinska-Drapalo, A., Jablonowska, E., Maolepsza, E., Leszczyszyn-Pynka, M., Szata, W., Camacho, R., Palma, C., Borges, F., Paixão, T., Duque, V., Araújo, F., Otelea, D., Paraschiv, S., Tudor, A. M., Cernat, R., Chiriac, C., Dumitrescu, F., Prisecariu, L. J., Stanojevic, M., Jevtovic, Dj, Salemovic, D., Stanekova, D., Habekova, M., Chabadová, Z., Drobkova, T., Bukovinova, P., Shunnar, A., Truska, P., Poljak, M., Lunar, M., Babic, D., Tomazic, J., Vidmar, L., Vovko, T., Karner, P., Garcia, F., Paredes, R., Monge, S., Moreno, S., Del Amo, J., Asensi, V., Sirvent, J. L., De Mendoza, C., Delgado, R., Gutiérrez, F., Berenguer, J., Garcia-Bujalance, S., Stella, N., De Los Santos, I., Blanco, J. R., Dalmau, D., Rivero, M., Segura, F., Elías, M. J Pérez, Alvarez, M., Chueca, N., Rodríguez-Martín, C., Vidal, C., Palomares, J. C., Viciana, I., Viciana, P., Cordoba, J., Aguilera, A., Domingo, P., Galindo, M. J., Miralles, C., Del Pozo, M. A., Ribera, E., Iribarren, J. A., Ruiz, L., De La Torre, J., Vidal, F., Clotet, B., Albert, J., Heidarian, A., Aperia-Peipke, K., Axelsson, M., Mild, M., Karlsson, A., Sönnerborg, A., Thalme, A., Navér, L., Bratt, G., Blaxhult, A., Gisslén, M., Svennerholm, B., Bergbrant, I., Björkman, P., Säll, C., Mellgren, Lindholm, A., Kuylenstierna, N., Montelius, R., Azimi, F., Johansson, B., Carlsson, M., Johansson, E., Ljungberg, B., Ekvall, H., Strand, A., Mäkitalo, S., Öberg, S., Holmblad, P., Höfer, M., Holmberg, H., Josefson, P., Ryding, U., MMB opleiding Arts microbioloog, MMB Medische Staf, Infection & Immunity, Onderzoek Bob Oranje, Brain, Cardiovasculaire Epi Team 1, MMB Research line 3a, MS Infectieziekten, Circulatory Health, MMB Staf diagnostiek, Hofstra, L. Marije, Sauvageot, Nicolas, Albert, Jan, Alexiev, Ivailo, Garcia, Federico, Struck, Daniel, Van De Vijver, David A M C, Åsjö, Birgitta, Beshkov, Danail, Coughlan, Suzie, Descamps, Diane, Griskevicius, Algirdas, Hamouda, Osamah, Horban, Andrzej, Van Kasteren, Marjo, Kolupajeva, Tatjana, Kostrikis, Leontios G., Liitsola, Kirsi, Linka, Marek, Mor, Orna, Nielsen, Claus, Otelea, Dan, Paraskevis, Dimitrios, Paredes, Roger, Poljak, Mario, Puchhammer-Stöckl, Elisabeth, Sönnerborg, Anders, Staneková, Danica, Stanojevic, Maja, Van Laethem, Kristel, Zazzi, Maurizio, Lepej, Snjezana Zidovec, Boucher, Charles A B, Schmit, Jean Claude, Wensing, Annemarie M J, Puchhammer-Stockl, E., Sarcletti, M., Schmied, B., Geit, M., Balluch, G., Vandamme, A. M., Vercauteren, J., Derdelinckx, I., Sasse, A., Bogaert, M., Ceunen, H., De Roo, A., De Wit, S., Echahidi, F., Fransen, K., Goffard, J. C., Goubau, P., Goudeseune, E., Yombi, J. C., Lacor, P., Liesnard, C., Moutschen, M., Pierard, D., Rens, R., Schrooten, Y., Vaira, D., Vandekerckhove, L. P R, Van Den Heuvel, A., Van Der Gucht, B., Van Ranst, M., Van Wijngaerden, E., Vandercam, B., Vekemans, M., Verhofstede, C., Clumeck, N., Van Laethem, K., Beshkov, D., Alexiev, I., Lepej, S. Zidovec, Begovac, J., Demetriades, I., Kousiappa, I., Demetriou, V., Hezka, J., Linka, M., Maly, M., Machala, L., Nielsen, C., Jørgensen, L. B., Gerstoft, J., Mathiesen, L., Pedersen, C., Nielsen, H., Laursen, A., Kvinesdal, B., Liitsola, K., Ristola, M., Suni, J., Sutinen, J., Descamps, D., Assoumou, L., Castor, G., Grude, M., Flandre, P., Storto, A., Hamouda, O., Kücherer, C., Berg, T., Braun, P., Poggensee, G., Däumer, M., Eberle, J., Heiken, H., Kaiser, R., Knechten, H., Korn, K., Müller, H., Neifer, S., Schmidt, B., Walter, H., Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer, B., Harrer, T., Paraskevis, D., Hatzakis, A., Zavitsanou, A., Vassilakis, A., Lazanas, M., Chini, M., Lioni, A., Sakka, V., Kourkounti, S., Paparizos, V., Antoniadou, A., Papadopoulos, A., Poulakou, G., Katsarolis, I., Protopapas, K., Chryssos, G., Drimis, S., Gargalianos, P., Xylomenos, G., Lourida, G., Psichogiou, M., Daikos, G. L., Sipsas, N. V., Kontos, A., Gamaletsou, M. N., Koratzanis, G., Sambatakou, E., Mariolis, H., Skoutelis, A., Papastamopoulos, V., Georgiou, O., Panagopoulos, P., Maltezos, E., Coughlan, S., De Gascun, C., Byrne, C., Duffy, M., Bergin, C., Reidy, D., Farrell, G., Lambert, J., O'Connor, E., Rochford, A., Low, J., Coakely, P., O'Dea, S., Hall, W., Mor, O., Levi, I., Chemtob, D., Grossman, Z., Zazzi, M., De Luca, A., Balotta, C., Riva, C., Mussini, C., Caramma, I., Capetti, A., Colombo, M. C., Rossi, C., Prati, F., Tramuto, F., Vitale, F., Ciccozzi, M., Angarano, G., Rezza, G., Kolupajeva, T., Vasins, O., Griskevicius, A., Lipnickiene, V., Schmit, J. C., Struck, D., Sauvageot, N., Hemmer, R., Arendt, V., Michaux, C., Staub, T., Sequin-Devaux, C., Wensing, A. M J, Boucher, C. A B, Van Kessel, A., Van Bentum, P. H M, Brinkman, K., Connell, B. J., Van Der Ende, M. E., Hoepelman, I. M., Van Kasteren, M., Kuipers, M., Langebeek, N., Richter, C., Santegoets, R. M W J, Schrijnders-Gudde, L., Schuurman, R., Van De Ven, B. J M, Åsjö, B., Kran, A. M Bakken, Ormaasen, V., Aavitsland, P., Horban, A., Stanczak, J. J., Stanczak, G. P., Firlag-Burkacka, E., Wiercinska-Drapalo, A., Jablonowska, E., Maolepsza, E., Leszczyszyn-Pynka, M., Szata, W., Camacho, R., Palma, C., Borges, F., Paixão, T., Duque, V., Araújo, F., Otelea, D., Paraschiv, S., Tudor, A. M., Cernat, R., Chiriac, C., Dumitrescu, F., Prisecariu, L. J., Stanojevic, M., Jevtovic, Dj, Salemovic, D., Stanekova, D., Habekova, M., Chabadová, Z., Drobkova, T., Bukovinova, P., Shunnar, A., Truska, P., Poljak, M., Lunar, M., Babic, D., Tomazic, J., Vidmar, L., Vovko, T., Karner, P., Garcia, F., Paredes, R., Monge, S., Moreno, S., Del Amo, J., Asensi, V., Sirvent, J. L., De Mendoza, C., Delgado, R., Gutiérrez, F., Berenguer, J., Garcia-Bujalance, S., Stella, N., De Los Santos, I., Blanco, J. R., Dalmau, D., Rivero, M., Segura, F., Elías, M. J Pérez, Alvarez, M., Chueca, N., Rodríguez-Martín, C., Vidal, C., Palomares, J. C., Viciana, I., Viciana, P., Cordoba, J., Aguilera, A., Domingo, P., Galindo, M. J., Miralles, C., Del Pozo, M. A., Ribera, E., Iribarren, J. A., Ruiz, L., De La Torre, J., Vidal, F., Clotet, B., Albert, J., Heidarian, A., Aperia-Peipke, K., Axelsson, M., Mild, M., Karlsson, A., Sönnerborg, A., Thalme, A., Navér, L., Bratt, G., Blaxhult, A., Gisslén, M., Svennerholm, B., Bergbrant, I., Björkman, P., Säll, C., Mellgren, Lindholm, A., Kuylenstierna, N., Montelius, R., Azimi, F., Johansson, B., Carlsson, M., Johansson, E., Ljungberg, B., Ekvall, H., Strand, A., Mäkitalo, S., Öberg, S., Holmblad, P., Höfer, M., Holmberg, H., Josefson, P., and Ryding, U.

Published
2016

26. Transmission of HIV Drug Resistance and the Predicted Effect on Current First-line Regimens in Europe

Author

Hofstra, LM, Sauvageot, N, Albert, J, Alexiev, I, Garcia, F, Struck, D, van de Vijver, David, Asjo, B, Beshkov, D, Coughlan, S, Descamps, D, Griskevicius, A, Hamouda, O, Horban, A, van Kasteren, M, Kolupajeva, T, Kostrikis, LG, Liitsola, K, Linka, M, Mor, O, Nielsen, C, Otelea, D, Paraskevis, D, Paredes, R, Poljak, M, Puchhammer-Stockl, E, Sonnerborg, A, Stanekova, D, Stanojevic, M, Van Laethem, K, Zazzi, M, Lepej, SZ, Boucher, Charles, Schmit, JC, Wensing, AMJ, Hofstra, LM, Sauvageot, N, Albert, J, Alexiev, I, Garcia, F, Struck, D, van de Vijver, David, Asjo, B, Beshkov, D, Coughlan, S, Descamps, D, Griskevicius, A, Hamouda, O, Horban, A, van Kasteren, M, Kolupajeva, T, Kostrikis, LG, Liitsola, K, Linka, M, Mor, O, Nielsen, C, Otelea, D, Paraskevis, D, Paredes, R, Poljak, M, Puchhammer-Stockl, E, Sonnerborg, A, Stanekova, D, Stanojevic, M, Van Laethem, K, Zazzi, M, Lepej, SZ, Boucher, Charles, Schmit, JC, and Wensing, AMJ

Abstract

Background. Numerous studies have shown that baseline drug resistance patterns may influence the outcome of antiretroviral therapy. Therefore, guidelines recommend drug resistance testing to guide the choice of initial regimen. In addition to optimizing individual patient management, these baseline resistance data enable transmitted drug resistance (TDR) to be surveyed for public health purposes. The SPREAD program systematically collects data to gain insight into TDR occurring in Europe since 2001. Methods. Demographic, clinical, and virological data from 4140 antiretroviral-naive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals from 26 countries who were newly diagnosed between 2008 and 2010 were analyzed. Evidence of TDR was defined using the WHO list for surveillance of drug resistance mutations. Prevalence of TDR was assessed over time by comparing the results to SPREAD data from 2002 to 2007. Baseline susceptibility to antiretroviral drugs was predicted using the Stanford HIVdb program version 7.0. Results. The overall prevalence of TDR did not change significantly over time and was 8.3% (95% confidence interval, 7.2%-9.5%) in 2008-2010. The most frequent indicators of TDR were nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) mutations (4.5%), followed by nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) mutations (2.9%) and protease inhibitor mutations (2.0%). Baseline mutations were most predictive of reduced susceptibility to initial NNRTI-based regimens: 4.5% and 6.5% of patient isolates were predicted to have resistance to regimens containing efavirenz or rilpivirine, respectively, independent of current NRTI backbones. Conclusions. Although TDR was highest for NRTIs, the impact of baseline drug resistance patterns on susceptibility was largest for NNRTIs. The prevalence of TDR assessed by epidemiological surveys does not clearly indicate to what degree susceptibility to different drug classes is affected.

Published
2016

27. Transmission of HIV drug resistance and the predicted effect on current first-line regimens in Europe

Author

Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Hofstra LM, Sauvageot N, Albert J, Alexiev I, Garcia F, Struck D, Van de Vijver DAMC, Åsjö B, Beshkov D, Coughlan S, Descamps D, Griskevicius A, Hamouda O, Horban A, Van Kasteren M, Kolupajeva T, Kostrikis LG, Liitsola K, Linka M, Mor O, Nielsen C, Otelea D, Paraskevis D, Paredes R, Poljak M, Puchhammer-Stöckl E, Sönnerborg A, Staneková D, Stanojevic M, Van Laethem K, Zazzi M, Zidovec Lepej S, Boucher CAB, Schmit JC, Wensing AMJ,, Puchhammer-Stockl E, Sarcletti M, Schmied B, Geit M, Balluch G, Vandamme AM, Vercauteren J, Derdelinckx I, Sasse A, Bogaert M, Ceunen H, De Roo A, De Wit S, Echahidi F, Fransen K, Goffard JC, Goubau P, Goudeseune E, Yombi JC, Lacor P, Liesnard C, Moutschen M, Pierard D, Rens R, Schrooten Y, Vaira D, Vandekerckhove LPR, Van den Heuvel A, Van Der Gucht B, Van Ranst M, Van Wijngaerden E, Vandercam B, Vekemans M, Verhofstede C, Clumeck N, Lepej SZ, Begovac J, Kostrikis L, Demetriades I, Kousiappa I, Demetriou V, Hezka J, Maly M, Machala L, Jørgensen LB, Gerstoft J, Mathiesen L, Pedersen C, Nielsen H, Laursen A, Kvinesdal B, Ristola M, Suni J, Sutinen J, Assoumou L, Castor G, Grude M, Flandre P, Storto A, Kücherer C, Berg T, Braun P, Poggensee G, Däumer M, Eberle J, Heiken H, Kaiser R, Knechten H, Korn K, Müller H, Neifer S, Schmidt B, Walter H, Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer B, Harrer T, Hatzakis A, Zavitsanou A, Vassilakis A, Lazanas M, Chini M, Lioni A, Sakka V, Kourkounti S, Paparizos V, Antoniadou A, Papadopoulos A, Poulakou G, Katsarolis I, Protopapas K, Chryssos G, Drimis S, Gargalianos P, Xylomenos G, Lourida G, Psichogiou M, Daikos GL, Sipsas NV, Kontos A, Gamaletsou MN, Koratzanis G, Sambatakou H, Mariolis H, Skoutelis A, Papastamopoulos V, Georgiou O, Panagopoulos P, Maltezos E, De Gascun C, Byrne C, Duffy M, Bergin C, Reidy D, Farrell G, Lamber, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, and Hofstra LM, Sauvageot N, Albert J, Alexiev I, Garcia F, Struck D, Van de Vijver DAMC, Åsjö B, Beshkov D, Coughlan S, Descamps D, Griskevicius A, Hamouda O, Horban A, Van Kasteren M, Kolupajeva T, Kostrikis LG, Liitsola K, Linka M, Mor O, Nielsen C, Otelea D, Paraskevis D, Paredes R, Poljak M, Puchhammer-Stöckl E, Sönnerborg A, Staneková D, Stanojevic M, Van Laethem K, Zazzi M, Zidovec Lepej S, Boucher CAB, Schmit JC, Wensing AMJ,, Puchhammer-Stockl E, Sarcletti M, Schmied B, Geit M, Balluch G, Vandamme AM, Vercauteren J, Derdelinckx I, Sasse A, Bogaert M, Ceunen H, De Roo A, De Wit S, Echahidi F, Fransen K, Goffard JC, Goubau P, Goudeseune E, Yombi JC, Lacor P, Liesnard C, Moutschen M, Pierard D, Rens R, Schrooten Y, Vaira D, Vandekerckhove LPR, Van den Heuvel A, Van Der Gucht B, Van Ranst M, Van Wijngaerden E, Vandercam B, Vekemans M, Verhofstede C, Clumeck N, Lepej SZ, Begovac J, Kostrikis L, Demetriades I, Kousiappa I, Demetriou V, Hezka J, Maly M, Machala L, Jørgensen LB, Gerstoft J, Mathiesen L, Pedersen C, Nielsen H, Laursen A, Kvinesdal B, Ristola M, Suni J, Sutinen J, Assoumou L, Castor G, Grude M, Flandre P, Storto A, Kücherer C, Berg T, Braun P, Poggensee G, Däumer M, Eberle J, Heiken H, Kaiser R, Knechten H, Korn K, Müller H, Neifer S, Schmidt B, Walter H, Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer B, Harrer T, Hatzakis A, Zavitsanou A, Vassilakis A, Lazanas M, Chini M, Lioni A, Sakka V, Kourkounti S, Paparizos V, Antoniadou A, Papadopoulos A, Poulakou G, Katsarolis I, Protopapas K, Chryssos G, Drimis S, Gargalianos P, Xylomenos G, Lourida G, Psichogiou M, Daikos GL, Sipsas NV, Kontos A, Gamaletsou MN, Koratzanis G, Sambatakou H, Mariolis H, Skoutelis A, Papastamopoulos V, Georgiou O, Panagopoulos P, Maltezos E, De Gascun C, Byrne C, Duffy M, Bergin C, Reidy D, Farrell G, Lamber

Abstract

© The Author 2015. Background. Numerous studies have shown that baseline drug resistance patterns may influence the outcome of antiretroviral therapy. Therefore, guidelines recommend drug resistance testing to guide the choice of initial regimen. In addition to optimizing individual patient management, these baseline resistance data enable transmitted drug resistance (TDR) to be surveyed for public health purposes. The SPREAD program systematically collects data to gain insight into TDR occurring in Europe since 2001. Methods. Demographic, clinical, and virological data from 4140 antiretroviral-naive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals from 26 countries who were newly diagnosed between 2008 and 2010 were analyzed. Evidence of TDR was defined using the WHO list for surveillance of drug resistance mutations. Prevalence of TDR was assessed over time by comparing the results to SPREAD data from 2002 to 2007. Baseline susceptibility to antiretroviral drugs was predicted using the Stanford HIVdb program version 7.0. Results. The overall prevalence of TDR did not change significantly over time and was 8.3% (95% confidence interval, 7.2%-9.5%) in 2008-2010. The most frequent indicators of TDR were nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) mutations (4.5%), followed by nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) mutations (2.9%) and protease inhibitor mutations (2.0%). Baseline mutations were most predictive of reduced susceptibility to initial NNRTI-based regimens: 4.5% and 6.5% of patient isolates were predicted to have resistance to regimens containing efavirenz or rilpivirine, respectively, independent of current NRTI backbones. Conclusions. Although TDR was highest for NRTIs, the impact of baseline drug resistance patterns on susceptibi

Published
2016

28. Increase in transmitted resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors among newly diagnosed HIV-1 infections in Europe

Author

Moutschen, M., Frentz, D., Van de Vijver, D. A. M. C., Abecasis, A. B., Albert, Jan, Hamouda, O., Jørgensen, L. B., Ku¨cherer, C., Struck, D., Schmit, J. -C, Vercauteren, J., A˚sjo¨, B., Balotta, Claudia, Beshkov, Danail, Camacho, Ricardo J., Clotet, B., Coughlan, S., Griskevicius, A., Grossman, Z., Horban, A., Kolupajeva, T., Korn, K., Kostrikis, Leontios G., Liitsola, K., Linka, M., Nielsen, C., Otelea, D., Paraskevis, Dimitrios N., Paredes, R., Poljak, M., Puchhammer, Stockl E., So¨nnerborg, A., Stanekova, D., Stanojevic, M., Van Wijngaerden, E., Wensing, A. M. J., Boucher, C. A. B., Sarcletti, M., Schmied, B., Geit, M., Balluch, G., Vandamme, A. -M, Derdelinckx, I., Sasse, A., Bogaert, M., Ceunen, H., De Roo, A., De Wit, S., Echahidi, F., Fransen, K., Goffard, J. -C, Goubau, P., Goudeseune, E., Yombi, J. -C, Lacor, P., Liesnard, C., Pierard, D., Rens, R., Schrooten, Y., Vaira, D., Vandekerckhove, L. P. R., Van den Heuvel, A., Van Der Gucht, B., Van Ranst, M., Vandercam, B., Vekemans, M., Verhofstede, C., Clumeck, N., Van Laethem, K., Demetriades, Ioannis, Kousiappa, Ioanna, Demetriou, Victoria L., Hezka, Johana, Bruckova, M., Machala, L., Gerstoft, J., Mathiesen, L., Pedersen, C., Nielsen, H., Laursen, A., Kvinesdal, B., Salminen, M., Ristola, M., Suni, J., Sutinen, J., Berg, T., Braun, P., Poggensee, G., Da¨umer, M., Eberle, J., Heiken, H., Kaiser, R., Knechten, H., Mu¨ller, H., Neifer, S., Schmidt, B., Walter, H., Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer, B., Harrer, T., Hatzakis, Angelos E., Magiorkinis, Emmanouil N., Hatzitheodorou, Eleni, Haida, Catherine, Zavitsanou, Assimina, Magiorkinis, Gkikas, Lazanas, Marios C., Chini, Maria C., Magafas, N., Tsogas, Nickolaos, Paparizos, Vassilios A., Kourkounti, Sofia, Antoniadou, Anastasia C., Papadopoulos, Antonios I., Panagopoulos, Periklis, Poulakou, Garyphallia G., Sakka, V., Chryssos, Georgios, Drimis, Stylianos, Gargalianos, Panagiotis, Lelekis, Moyssis I., Chilomenos, G., Psichogiou, Mina A., Daikos, George L., Panos, George, Haratsis, G., Kordossis, Theodore, Kontos, Athanasios N., Koratzanis, Georgios, Theodoridou, Maria C., Mostrou, Glykeria J., Spoulou, Vana I., De Gascun, C., Byrne, C., Duffy, M., Bergin, C., Reidy, D., Farrell, G., Lambert, J., O'Connor, E., Rochford, A., Low, J., Coakely, P., O'Dea, S., Hall, W., Levi, I., Chemtob, D., Riva, C., Mussini, C., Caramma, I., Capetti, A., Colombo, M. C., Rossi, C., Prati, F., Tramuto, F., Vitale, F., Ciccozzi, M., Angarano, G., Rezza, G., Schmit, J. C., Hemmer, R., Arendt, V., Staub, T., Schneider, F., Roman, F., van Kessel, A., van Bentum, P. H. M., Brinkman, K., op de Coul, E. L., van der Ende, M. E., Hoepelman, I., van Kasteren, M., Juttmann, J., Kuipers, M., Langebeek, N., Richter, C., Santegoets, R., Schrijnders-Gudde, L., Schuurman, R., van de Ven, B. J. M., Ormaasen, V., Aavitsland, P., Stanczak, J. J., Stanczak, G. P., Firlag-Burkacka, E., Wiercinska-Drapalo, A., Jablonowska, E., Malolepsza, E., Leszczyszyn-Pynka, M., Szata, W., Palma, C., Borges, F., Paixa&tild, o, T., Duque, V., Araújo, F., Jevtovic, D., Salemovic, D., Habekova, M., Mokráš, Miloš, Truska, P., Lunar, M., Babic, Dunja Z., Tomazic, J., Vidmar, L., Vovko, T., Karner, P., Domingo, P., Galindo, M. J., Miralles, C., del Pozo, M. A., Ribera, E., Iribarren, J. A., Ruiz, L., de la Torre, J., Vidal, F., Garcia, F., Heidarian, A., Aperia-Peipke, K., Axelsson, M., Mild, M., Karlsson, A., Thalme, A., Nave´r, L., Bratt, G., Blaxhult, A., Gissle´n, M., Svennerholm, B., Bergbrant, I., Björkman, Per, Sa¨ll, C., Mellgren, A˚, Lindholm, A., Kuylenstierna, N., Montelius, R., Azimi, F., Johansson, B., Carlsson, M., Johansson, E., Ljungberg, B., Ekvall, H., Strand, A., Ma¨kitalo, S., o¨berg, S., Holmblad, P., Ho¨fer, M., Holmberg, H., Josefson, P., Ryding, U., Van Kessel, A., Kostrikis, Leontios G. [0000-0002-5340-7109], Paraskevis, Dimitrios [0000-0001-6167-7152], Virology, Erasmus MC other, Frentz, Dineke, Van de Vijver, David A.M.C., Abecasis, Ana B., Albert, Jan, Hamouda, Osamah, Jørgensen, Louise B., Ku¨cherer, Claudia, Struck, Daniel, Schmit, Jean-Claude, Vercauteren, Jurgen, A˚sjo¨, Birgitta, Balotta, Claudia, Beshkov, Danail, Camacho, Ricardo J., Clotet, Bonaventura, Coughlan, Suzie, Griskevicius, Algirda, Grossman, Zehava, Horban, Andrzej, Kolupajeva, Tatjana, Korn, Klau, Kostrikis, Leondios G., Liitsola, Kirsi, Linka, Marek, Nielsen, Clau, Otelea, Dan, Paraskevis, Dimitrio, Paredes, Roger, Poljak, Mario, Puchhammer-Sto¨ckl, Elisabeth, So¨nnerborg, Ander, Stanekova, Danica, Stanojevic, Maja, Van Wijngaerden, Eric, Wensing, Annemarie M.J., Boucher, Charles A.B., SPREAD programme investigators, including Vitale F and Tramuto F., Graduate School, UCL - SSS/IREC/MBLG - Pôle de Microbiologie médicale, UCL - (SLuc) Service de microbiologie, UCL - (SLuc) Service de médecine interne générale, UCL - (SLuc) Service d'hématologie, Clinicum, and Department of Medicine

Subjects
Male, virus strain, Resistance, HIV Infections, Drug resistance, THERAPY, Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor, ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUG-RESISTANCE, 0302 clinical medicine, Medical microbiology, Genotype, Medicine and Health Sciences, Prevalence, HIV Infection, 030212 general & internal medicine, UNITED-KINGDOM, Phylogeny, 0303 health sciences, Communicable disease, Transmission (medicine), adult, virus mutation, UPDATED RECOMMENDATIONS, virus transmission, 3. Good health, Europe, Infectious Diseases, female, risk factor, virus resistance, Female, NAIVE PATIENTS, SOCIETY-USA PANEL, Research Article, Human, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Anti-HIV Agents, Virus, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, male, MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY, Drug Resistance, Viral, medicine, proteinase inhibitor, Humans, Transmission, controlled study, human, molecular phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, nonhuman, MUTATIONS, business.industry, Anti-HIV Agent, nucleotide sequence, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection, Virology, major clinical study, unindexed sequence, Parasitology, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, Mutation, HIV-1, business
Abstract

Background: One out of ten newly diagnosed patients in Europe was infected with a virus carrying a drug resistant mutation. We analysed the patterns over time for transmitted drug resistance mutations (TDRM) using data from the European Spread program.Methods: Clinical, epidemiological and virological data from 4317 patients newly diagnosed with HIV-1 infection between 2002 and 2007 were analysed. Patients were enrolled using a pre-defined sampling strategy.Results: The overall prevalence of TDRM in this period was 8.9% (95% CI: 8.1-9.8). Interestingly, significant changes over time in TDRM caused by the different drug classes were found. Whereas nucleoside resistance mutations remained constant at 5%, a significant decline in protease inhibitors resistance mutations was observed, from 3.9% in 2002 to 1.6% in 2007 (p = 0.001). In contrast, resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) doubled from 2.0% in 2002 to 4.1% in 2007 (p = 0.004) with 58% of viral strains carrying a K103N mutation. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these temporal changes could not be explained by large clusters of TDRM.Conclusion: During the years 2002 to 2007 transmitted resistance to NNRTI has doubled to 4% in Europe. The frequent use of NNRTI in first-line regimens and the clinical impact of NNRTI mutations warrants continued monitoring. © 2014 Frentz et al. licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 14 Cited By :16

Published
2014

29. Primary resistance to integrase strand-transfer inhibitors in Europe

Author

Casadella, M., van Ham, P. M., Noguera-Julian, M., van Kessel, A., Pou, C., Hofstra, L. M., Santos, J. R., Garcia, F., Struck, D., Alexiev, I., Kran, A. M. Bakken, Hoepelman, A. I., Kostrikis, L. G., Somogyi, S., Liitsola, K., Linka, M., Nielsen, C., Otelea, D., Paraskevis, D., Poljak, M., Puchhammer-Stoeckl, E., Stanekova, D., Stanojevic, M., Van Laethem, K., Lepej, S. Zidovec, Clotet, B., Boucher, C. A. B., Paredes, R., Wensing, A. M. J., SPREAD Programme, Casadella, M., van Ham, P. M., Noguera-Julian, M., van Kessel, A., Pou, C., Hofstra, L. M., Santos, J. R., Garcia, F., Struck, D., Alexiev, I., Kran, A. M. Bakken, Hoepelman, A. I., Kostrikis, L. G., Somogyi, S., Liitsola, K., Linka, M., Nielsen, C., Otelea, D., Paraskevis, D., Poljak, M., Puchhammer-Stoeckl, E., Stanekova, D., Stanojevic, M., Van Laethem, K., Lepej, S. Zidovec, Clotet, B., Boucher, C. A. B., Paredes, R., Wensing, A. M. J., and SPREAD Programme

Published
2015

30. Primary resistance to integrase strand-transfer inhibitors in Europe.

Author

UCL - SSS/IREC/SLUC - Pôle St.-Luc, UCL - (SLuc) Service de microbiologie, UCL - (SLuc) Service d'hématologie, UCL - (SLuc) Service de médecine interne générale, Casadellà, M, van Ham, P M, Noguera-Julian, M, van Kessel, A, Pou, C, Hofstra, L M, Santos, J R, Garcia, F, Struck, D, Alexiev, I, Bakken Kran, A M, Hoepelman, A I, Kostrikis, L G, Somogyi, S, Liitsola, K, Linka, M, Nielsen, C, Otelea, D, Paraskevis, D, Poljak, M, Puchhammer-Stöckl, E, Staneková, D, Stanojevic, M, Van Laethem, K, Zidovec Lepej, S, Clotet, B, Boucher, C A B, Paredes, R, Wensing, A M J, SPREAD programme, Goubau, Patrick, Yombi, Jean Cyr, Vandercam, Bernard, Vekemans, Marie-Christiane, UCL - SSS/IREC/SLUC - Pôle St.-Luc, UCL - (SLuc) Service de microbiologie, UCL - (SLuc) Service d'hématologie, UCL - (SLuc) Service de médecine interne générale, Casadellà, M, van Ham, P M, Noguera-Julian, M, van Kessel, A, Pou, C, Hofstra, L M, Santos, J R, Garcia, F, Struck, D, Alexiev, I, Bakken Kran, A M, Hoepelman, A I, Kostrikis, L G, Somogyi, S, Liitsola, K, Linka, M, Nielsen, C, Otelea, D, Paraskevis, D, Poljak, M, Puchhammer-Stöckl, E, Staneková, D, Stanojevic, M, Van Laethem, K, Zidovec Lepej, S, Clotet, B, Boucher, C A B, Paredes, R, Wensing, A M J, SPREAD programme, Goubau, Patrick, Yombi, Jean Cyr, Vandercam, Bernard, and Vekemans, Marie-Christiane

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to define the natural genotypic variation of the HIV-1 integrase gene across Europe for epidemiological surveillance of integrase strand-transfer inhibitor (InSTI) resistance. METHODS: This was a multicentre, cross-sectional study within the European SPREAD HIV resistance surveillance programme. A representative set of 300 samples was selected from 1950 naive HIV-positive subjects newly diagnosed in 2006-07. The prevalence of InSTI resistance was evaluated using quality-controlled baseline population sequencing of integrase. Signature raltegravir, elvitegravir and dolutegravir resistance mutations were defined according to the IAS-USA 2014 list. In addition, all integrase substitutions relative to HXB2 were identified, including those with a Stanford HIVdb score ≥ 10 to at least one InSTI. To rule out circulation of minority InSTI-resistant HIV, 65 samples were selected for 454 integrase sequencing. RESULTS: For the population sequencing analysis, 278 samples were retrieved and successfully analysed. No signature resistance mutations to any of the InSTIs were detected. Eleven (4%) subjects had mutations at resistance-associated positions with an HIVdb score ≥ 10. Of the 56 samples successfully analysed with 454 sequencing, no InSTI signature mutations were detected, whereas integrase substitutions with an HIVdb score ≥ 10 were found in 8 (14.3%) individuals. CONCLUSIONS: No signature InSTI-resistant variants were circulating in Europe before the introduction of InSTIs. However, polymorphisms contributing to InSTI resistance were not rare. As InSTI use becomes more widespread, continuous surveillance of primary InSTI resistance is warranted. These data will be key to modelling the kinetics of InSTI resistance transmission in Europe in the coming years.

Published
2015

31. Primary resistance to integrase strand-transfer inhibitors in Europe

Author

MMB, MS Infectieziekten, Infection & Immunity, MMB Medische Staf, MMB Staf diagnostiek, Casadella, M., van Ham, P. M., Noguera-Julian, M., van Kessel, A., Pou, C., Hofstra, L. M., Santos, J. R., Garcia, F., Struck, D., Alexiev, I., Kran, A. M. Bakken, Hoepelman, A. I., Kostrikis, L. G., Somogyi, S., Liitsola, K., Linka, M., Nielsen, C., Otelea, D., Paraskevis, D., Poljak, M., Puchhammer-Stoeckl, E., Stanekova, D., Stanojevic, M., Van Laethem, K., Lepej, S. Zidovec, Clotet, B., Boucher, C. A. B., Paredes, R., Wensing, A. M. J., SPREAD Programme, MMB, MS Infectieziekten, Infection & Immunity, MMB Medische Staf, MMB Staf diagnostiek, Casadella, M., van Ham, P. M., Noguera-Julian, M., van Kessel, A., Pou, C., Hofstra, L. M., Santos, J. R., Garcia, F., Struck, D., Alexiev, I., Kran, A. M. Bakken, Hoepelman, A. I., Kostrikis, L. G., Somogyi, S., Liitsola, K., Linka, M., Nielsen, C., Otelea, D., Paraskevis, D., Poljak, M., Puchhammer-Stoeckl, E., Stanekova, D., Stanojevic, M., Van Laethem, K., Lepej, S. Zidovec, Clotet, B., Boucher, C. A. B., Paredes, R., Wensing, A. M. J., and SPREAD Programme

Published
2015

32. Short Communication: Contribution of the CCR5 and MBL Genes to Susceptibility to HIV Type 1 Infection in the Finnish Population

Author

Ann-Christine Syvänen, Mika Salminen, Liitsola K, Tomi Pastinen, and Paavo Niini

Subjects
Genetics, Immunology, virus diseases, Biology, biology.organism_classification, Chemokine Receptor Gene, Virology, Virus, Primer extension, Infectious Diseases, Lentivirus, Viral disease, Allele, Genotyping, Gene
Abstract

Homozygosity for a variant of a chemokine receptor gene (CCR5) has been shown to protect from HIV-1 infection. Variants of the mannose-binding lectin (MBL) gene have been suggested to predispose to HIV-1 infection. These genetic variants and their possible role in susceptibility to HIV-1 infection were studied in sample material from more than 300 Finnish HIV-infected and control individuals. The genotyping was carried out efficiently using a novel, primer extension assay in a miniaturized oligonucleotide array format. Homozygotes for the protective deletion allele of the CCR5 gene were found only in the control group, and the frequency of the allele was high in the Finnish population. Homozygosity for the MBL variant alleles was enriched significantly in the HIV-1-infected group, thus providing further evidence for the harmfulness of MBL variant homozygosity in HIV-1 transmission.

Published
1998
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33. Comprehensive care with antiretroviral therapy for injecting-drug users associates to low community viral load and restriction of HIV outbreak

Author

Kivelä, P., Liitsola, K., Aho, I., Simola, S., Tuomola, P., Salminen, M., and Ristola, M.

Subjects
Epidemics -- Control -- Finland, Drug addicts -- Testing, Viremia -- Measurement, Intravenous drug abuse -- Health aspects, HIV infection -- Demographic aspects -- Care and treatment -- Risk factors, Health
Abstract

An outbreak of HIV was detected amongst Finnish injecting‐drug users (IDUs) in 1998. The outbreak was caused by CRF01‐AE virus [1]. A comprehensive care programme including infectious diseases, addiction medicine, low threshold methadone program, needle exchange, accommodation and other social services started in December 2000. Funding was provided by municipalities. We have described earlier how the outbreak became geographically and socially restricted [2]. The data of newly diagnosed HIV infections in the hospital district of Helsinki and Uusimaa (Helsinki region) amongst IDUs and HIV‐1 subtypes were obtained from the Finnish national HIV registry. The Helsinki University Central Hospital (HUCH) registry was used to obtain the number of IDUs in HIV care, on antiretroviral therapy (ART), and plasma HIV‐1 RNA (VL) amongst IDUs. The HUCH registry also includes IDUs diagnosed with HIV infection in other Finnish regions, but currently living in Helsinki region. The highest number (n=65) of newly diagnosed HIV infections among IDUs in Helsinki region was observed in 1999 (Figure 1). Between 1998 and 2011, 249 IDUs were diagnosed with HIV infection. From 1998 to 2004 the subtype was CRF01‐AE in 187 (92%) cases, other subtypes in 5 (2%) cases and not subtyped in 11 (5%) cases. From 2005 to 2011 the subtype was CRF01‐AE in 25 (54%) cases, other subtypes in 15 (33%) cases and not subtyped in 6 (13%) cases. In 2011 there were 4 IDUs diagnosed with HIV, one of them with CRF01‐AE. In the Helsinki region out of 183 HIV‐infected IDUs in 2005, 100 (55%) had VL, References Liitsola K, Ristola M, Holmström P, Salminen M, Brummer‐Korvenkontio H, Simola S, et al. An outbreak of the circulating recombinant form AE[sub.CM240] HIV‐1 in the Finnish injection drug user [...]

Published
2012
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34. HIV-1 subtype distribution and its demographic determinants in newly diagnosed patients in Europe suggest highly compartmentalized epidemics

Author

Abecasis, A.B. Wensing, A.M.J. Paraskevis, D. Vercauteren, J. Theys, K. Van de Vijver, D.A.M.C. Albert, J. Asjö, B. Balotta, C. Beshkov, D. Camacho, R.J. Clotet, B. De Gascun, C. Griskevicius, A. Grossman, Z. Hamouda, O. Horban, A. Kolupajeva, T. Korn, K. Kostrikis, L.G. Kücherer, C. Liitsola, K. Linka, M. Nielsen, C. Otelea, D. Paredes, R. Poljak, M. Puchhammer-Stöckl, E. Schmit, J.-C. Sönnerborg, A. Stanekova, D. Stanojevic, M. Struck, D. Boucher, C.A.B. Vandamme, A.-M.

Abstract

Background: Understanding HIV-1 subtype distribution and epidemiology can assist preventive measures and clinical decisions. Sequence variation may affect antiviral drug resistance development, disease progression, evolutionary rates and transmission routes.Results: We investigated the subtype distribution of HIV-1 in Europe and Israel in a representative sample of patients diagnosed between 2002 and 2005 and related it to the demographic data available. 2793 PRO-RT sequences were subtyped either with the REGA Subtyping tool or by a manual procedure that included phylogenetic tree and recombination analysis. The most prevalent subtypes/CRFs in our dataset were subtype B (66.1%), followed by sub-subtype A1 (6.9%), subtype C (6.8%) and CRF02_AG (4.7%). Substantial differences in the proportion of new diagnoses with distinct subtypes were found between European countries: the lowest proportion of subtype B was found in Israel (27.9%) and Portugal (39.2%), while the highest was observed in Poland (96.2%) and Slovenia (93.6%). Other subtypes were significantly more diagnosed in immigrant populations. Subtype B was significantly more diagnosed in men than in women and in MSM > IDUs > heterosexuals. Furthermore, the subtype distribution according to continent of origin of the patients suggests they acquired their infection there or in Europe from compatriots.Conclusions: The association of subtype with demographic parameters suggests highly compartmentalized epidemics, determined by social and behavioural characteristics of the patients. © 2013 Abecasis et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

Published
2013

35. The burden of transmitted drug resistance in clinical practice in Europe is increasing over time despite a stable prevalence

Author

Hofstra, M, Sauvageot, N, Albert, J, Alexiev, I, Garcia, F, Struck, D, Vercauteren, J, Van de Vijver, D, Åsjö, B, Balotta, C, Beshkov, D, Camacho, R, Coughlan, C, Griskevicius, A, Hamouda, O, Horban, A, Kolupajeva, T, Kostrikis, L, Kücherer, C, Liitsola, K, Linka, M, Mor, O, Nielsen, C, Otelea, D, Paraskevis, D, Paredes, D, Poljak, Mario, Puchhammer-Stöckl, E, Somnerborg, A, Stanekova, D, Stanojević, M, Van Vaethem, K, Van Wijngaerclen, E, Židovec Lepej, Snježana, Bucher, C, Schmit, JC, and Wensing, A.

Subjects
virus diseases, transmitted drug resistance, clinical practice, Europe, prevalence
Abstract

Objectives: In the last decade, we showed that 1 in 10 patients newly diagnosed with HIV-1 in Europe is infected with a virus that harbours transmitted drug resistance mutations (TDR). We estimated the proportion and total number of HIV-1 diagnoses with TDR in Europe over time. Methods: Clinical and virological data from 8479 patients within 6 months of diagnosis with HIV-1 in 2002-2010 were analyzed. TDR (as defined by the 2009 WHO list) was determined for all 26 countries as the weighted sum of the prevalence per risk group per country, considering their share in the European HIV-1 epidemic. To estimate the annual number of HIV-1 diagnoses with TDR for the 19 countries that participated in surveillance since 2003 (Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden), the weighted prevalence was multiplied by their total number of new HIV-1 diagnoses as reported by ECDC. Results: In 2008-2010, the prevalence of TDR was 9.2% (95%CI:7.3-11.1). Mutations associated with resistance to NRTIs were observed most frequently (5.1% ; 95%CI: 3.6-6.6), followed by NNRTIs (3.7% ; 95%CI: 2.3-5.0) and PIs (2.3% ; 95%CI: 1.3-3.2). Given the increasing number of HIV-1 diagnoses in these 19 countries, the estimated annual number of new diagnoses with HIV-TDR increased from 1010 (95% CI: 876-1144) in 2003-2005 to 1370 (95%CI:1127-1613) in 2008-2010 (p0.01). The increasing number of new diagnoses with NNRTI-resistance mutations (336 (95%CI:255-418) in 2003-2005 to 550 (95%CI:376-724) in 2008-2010 ; p0.03) is of particular concern, considering these mutations generally confer high-level resistance to NNRTIs that are frequently used as first-line therapy. Conclusion: Although the proportion of new HIV-1 diagnoses with TDR remains stable around 10%, the burden of TDR in clinical practices is increasing, underlining the importance of baseline genotypic testing and continuance of surveillance of TDR.

Published
2013

36. Genetic Characterization of HIV-1 Strains in the Baltic Countries and Russia

Author

Ustina, Tiina Laukkanen, Vlasov N, Liitsola K, Denisova A, Grishkevichius A, Smolskaja T, Mika Salminen, and Pauli Leinikki

Subjects
Baltic States, Male, Microbiology (medical), viruses, Molecular Sequence Data, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV Infections, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Virus, Russia, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), medicine, Humans, Homosexuality, Male, Phylogeny, General Immunology and Microbiology, Nucleic acid sequence, virus diseases, General Medicine, Group-specific antigen, Provirus, medicine.disease, Virology, Infectious Diseases, HIV-1, Female, Viral disease, geographic locations
Abstract

Proviral nucleotide sequences from the p7 region of the gag gene were compared among 40 Baltic and Russian HIV-1 strains. 33 of the infected persons carried a virus belonging to subtype B. Thus subtype B, which is most prevalent in Western Europe, was the most common subtype in all 3 Baltic countries (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania) and Russia, and was associated with homosexual transmission. It also seemed that viruses of the same origin have been circulating in these countries; most of the subtype B viruses studied (n = 22) belonged to a closely related virus pool with average inter-nucleotide sequence distances of 2.7%. In 7 cases, viruses of non-B subtypes were found (1 subtype D from Estonia, 1 subtype C from Latvia, 1 subtype A from Lithuania and 1 subtype G from Russia). Three closely related viruses (1 from Lithuania and 2 from Russia) remained unclassified.

Published
1996
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37. Increase in transmitted resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors among newly diagnosed HIV-1 infections in Europe

Author

Frentz, Dineke, van de Vijver, David, Abecasis, AB, Albert, J (Jan), Hamouda, O, Jorgensen, LB, Kucherer, C, Struck, D, Schmit, JC, Vercauteren, J, Asjo, B, Balotta, C, Beshkov, D, Camacho, RJ, Clotet, B, Coughlan, S, Griskevicius, A, Grossman, Z, Horban, A, Kolupajeva, T, Korn, K, Kostrikis, LG, Liitsola, K, Linka, M, Nielsen, C, Otelea, D, Paraskevis, D, Paredes, R, Poljak, M, Puchhammer-Stockl, E, Sonnerborg, A, Stanekova, D, Stanojevic, M, van Wijngaerden, E, Wensing, AMJ, Boucher, Charles, Frentz, Dineke, van de Vijver, David, Abecasis, AB, Albert, J (Jan), Hamouda, O, Jorgensen, LB, Kucherer, C, Struck, D, Schmit, JC, Vercauteren, J, Asjo, B, Balotta, C, Beshkov, D, Camacho, RJ, Clotet, B, Coughlan, S, Griskevicius, A, Grossman, Z, Horban, A, Kolupajeva, T, Korn, K, Kostrikis, LG, Liitsola, K, Linka, M, Nielsen, C, Otelea, D, Paraskevis, D, Paredes, R, Poljak, M, Puchhammer-Stockl, E, Sonnerborg, A, Stanekova, D, Stanojevic, M, van Wijngaerden, E, Wensing, AMJ, and Boucher, Charles

Abstract

Background: One out of ten newly diagnosed patients in Europe was infected with a virus carrying a drug resistant mutation. We analysed the patterns over time for transmitted drug resistance mutations (wTDRM) using data from the European Spread program. Methods: Clinical, epidemiological and virological data from 4317 patients newly diagnosed with HIV-1 infection between 2002 and 2007 were analysed. Patients were enrolled using a pre-defined sampling strategy. Results: The overall prevalence of TDRM in this period was 8.9% (95% CI: 8.1-9.8). Interestingly, significant changes over time in TDRM caused by the different drug classes were found. Whereas nucleoside resistance mutations remained constant at 5%, a significant decline in protease inhibitors resistance mutations was observed, from 3.9% in 2002 to 1.6% in 2007 (p = 0.001). In contrast, resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) doubled from 2.0% in 2002 to 4.1% in 2007 (p = 0.004) with 58% of viral strains carrying a K103N mutation. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these temporal changes could not be explained by large clusters of TDRM. Conclusion: During the years 2002 to 2007 transmitted resistance to NNRTI has doubled to 4% in Europe. The frequent use of NNRTI in first-line regimens and the clinical impact of NNRTI mutations warrants continued monitoring.

Published
2014

38. Limited cross-border infections in patients newly diagnosed with HIV in Europe

Author

Frentz, D. (Dineke), Wensing, A.M.J. (Annemarie), Albert, J. (Jan), Paraskevis, D. (Dimitrios), Abecasis, A.B. (Ana), Hamouda, O. (Osamah), Jørgensen, L.B. (Louise), Kücherer, C. (Claudia), Struck, D. (Daniel), Schmit, J.-C. (Jean-Claude), Åsjö, B. (Birgitta), Balotta, C. (Claudia), Beshkov, D. (Danail), Camacho, R.J. (Ricardo Jorge), Clotet, B. (Bonaventura), Coughlan, S. (Suzie), De Wit, S., Griskevicius, A. (Algirdas), Grossman, Z. (Zehava), Horban, A. (Andrzej), Kolupajeva, T. (Tatjana), Korn, K. (Klaus), Kostrikis, L.G. (Leondios), Liitsola, K. (Kirsi), Linka, M. (Marek), Nielsen, C. (Claus), Otelea, D. (Dan), Paredes, R. (Roger), Poljak, M. (Mario), Puchhammer-Stöckl, E. (Elisabeth), Sonnerborg, A. (Anders), Stanekova, D. (Danica), Stanojevic, M. (Maja), Vandamme, A.M. (Anne Mieke), Boucher, C.A.B. (Charles), Vijver, D.A.M.C. (David) van de, Frentz, D. (Dineke), Wensing, A.M.J. (Annemarie), Albert, J. (Jan), Paraskevis, D. (Dimitrios), Abecasis, A.B. (Ana), Hamouda, O. (Osamah), Jørgensen, L.B. (Louise), Kücherer, C. (Claudia), Struck, D. (Daniel), Schmit, J.-C. (Jean-Claude), Åsjö, B. (Birgitta), Balotta, C. (Claudia), Beshkov, D. (Danail), Camacho, R.J. (Ricardo Jorge), Clotet, B. (Bonaventura), Coughlan, S. (Suzie), De Wit, S., Griskevicius, A. (Algirdas), Grossman, Z. (Zehava), Horban, A. (Andrzej), Kolupajeva, T. (Tatjana), Korn, K. (Klaus), Kostrikis, L.G. (Leondios), Liitsola, K. (Kirsi), Linka, M. (Marek), Nielsen, C. (Claus), Otelea, D. (Dan), Paredes, R. (Roger), Poljak, M. (Mario), Puchhammer-Stöckl, E. (Elisabeth), Sonnerborg, A. (Anders), Stanekova, D. (Danica), Stanojevic, M. (Maja), Vandamme, A.M. (Anne Mieke), Boucher, C.A.B. (Charles), and Vijver, D.A.M.C. (David) van de

Abstract

Background: International travel plays a role in the spread of HIV-1 across Europe. It is, however, not known whether international travel is more important for spread of the epidemic as compared to endogenous infections within single countries. In this study, phylogenetic associations among HIV of newly diagnosed patients were determined across Europe.Results: Data came from the SPREAD programme which collects samples of newly diagnosed patients that are representative for national HIV epidemics. 4260 pol sequences from 25 European countries and Israel collected in 20

Published
2013
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39. HIV-1 subtype distribution and its demographic determinants in newly diagnosed patients in Europe suggest highly compartmentalized epidemics

Author

Abecasis, A.B. (Ana), Wensing, A.M.J. (Annemarie), Paraskevis, D. (Dimitrios), Vercauteren, J. (Jurgen), Theys, K. (Kristof), Vijver, D.A.M.C. (David) van de, Albert, J. (Jan), Åsjö, B. (Birgitta), Balotta, C. (Claudia), Beshkov, D. (Danail), Camacho, R.J. (Ricardo Jorge), Clotet, B., Gascun, C. (Cillian) de, Griskevicius, A. (Algirdas), Grossman, Z. (Zehava), Hamouda, O. (Osamah), Horban, A. (Andrzej), Kolupajeva, T. (Tatjana), Korn, K., Kostrikis, L.G. (Leondios), Kücherer, C. (Claudia), Liitsola, K. (Kirsi), Linka, M. (Marek), Nielsen, C. (Claus), Otelea, D. (Dan), Paredes, R. (Roger), Poljak, M. (Mario), Puchhammer-Stöckl, E. (Elisabeth), Schmit, J.-C. (Jean-Claude), Sonnerborg, A. (Anders), Stanekova, D. (Danica), Stanojevic, M. (Maja), Struck, D. (Daniel), Boucher, C.A.B. (Charles), Vandamme, A.M. (Anne Mieke), Abecasis, A.B. (Ana), Wensing, A.M.J. (Annemarie), Paraskevis, D. (Dimitrios), Vercauteren, J. (Jurgen), Theys, K. (Kristof), Vijver, D.A.M.C. (David) van de, Albert, J. (Jan), Åsjö, B. (Birgitta), Balotta, C. (Claudia), Beshkov, D. (Danail), Camacho, R.J. (Ricardo Jorge), Clotet, B., Gascun, C. (Cillian) de, Griskevicius, A. (Algirdas), Grossman, Z. (Zehava), Hamouda, O. (Osamah), Horban, A. (Andrzej), Kolupajeva, T. (Tatjana), Korn, K., Kostrikis, L.G. (Leondios), Kücherer, C. (Claudia), Liitsola, K. (Kirsi), Linka, M. (Marek), Nielsen, C. (Claus), Otelea, D. (Dan), Paredes, R. (Roger), Poljak, M. (Mario), Puchhammer-Stöckl, E. (Elisabeth), Schmit, J.-C. (Jean-Claude), Sonnerborg, A. (Anders), Stanekova, D. (Danica), Stanojevic, M. (Maja), Struck, D. (Daniel), Boucher, C.A.B. (Charles), and Vandamme, A.M. (Anne Mieke)

Abstract

Background: Understanding HIV-1 subtype distribution and epidemiology can assist preventive measures and clinical decisions. Sequence variation may affect antiviral drug resistance development, disease progression, evolutionary rates and transmission routes.Results: We investigated the subtype distribution of HIV-1 in Europe and Israel in a representative sample of patients diagnosed between 2002 and 2005 and related it to the demographic data available. 2793 PRO-RT sequences were subtyped either with the REGA Subtyping tool or by a manual

Published
2013
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40. HIV-1 subtype distribution and its demographic determinants in newly diagnosed patients in Europe suggest highly compartmentalized epidemics

Author

Abecasis, AB, Wensing, AMJ, Paraskevis, D, Vercauteren, J, Theys, K, van de Vijver, David, Albert, J, Asjo, B, Balotta, C, Beshkov, D, Camacho, RJ, Clotet, B, De Gascun, C, Griskevicius, A, Grossman, Z, Hamouda, O, Horban, A, Kolupajeva, T, Korn, K, Kostrikis, LG, Kucherer, C, Liitsola, K, Linka, M, Nielsen, C, Otelea, D, Paredes, R, Poljak, M, Puchhammer-Stockl, E, Schmit, JC, Sonnerborg, A, Stanekova, D, Stanojevic, M, Struck, D, Boucher, Charles, Vandamme, AM, Abecasis, AB, Wensing, AMJ, Paraskevis, D, Vercauteren, J, Theys, K, van de Vijver, David, Albert, J, Asjo, B, Balotta, C, Beshkov, D, Camacho, RJ, Clotet, B, De Gascun, C, Griskevicius, A, Grossman, Z, Hamouda, O, Horban, A, Kolupajeva, T, Korn, K, Kostrikis, LG, Kucherer, C, Liitsola, K, Linka, M, Nielsen, C, Otelea, D, Paredes, R, Poljak, M, Puchhammer-Stockl, E, Schmit, JC, Sonnerborg, A, Stanekova, D, Stanojevic, M, Struck, D, Boucher, Charles, and Vandamme, AM

Abstract

Background: Understanding HIV-1 subtype distribution and epidemiology can assist preventive measures and clinical decisions. Sequence variation may affect antiviral drug resistance development, disease progression, evolutionary rates and transmission routes. Results: We investigated the subtype distribution of HIV-1 in Europe and Israel in a representative sample of patients diagnosed between 2002 and 2005 and related it to the demographic data available. 2793 PRO-RT sequences were subtyped either with the REGA Subtyping tool or by a manual procedure that included phylogenetic tree and recombination analysis. The most prevalent subtypes/CRFs in our dataset were subtype B (66.1%), followed by sub-subtype A1 (6.9%), subtype C (6.8%) and CRF02_AG (4.7% Conclusions: The association of subtype with demographic parameters suggests highly compartmentalized epidemics, determined by social and behavioural characteristics of the patients.

Published
2013

41. Limited cross-border infections in patients newly diagnosed with HIV in Europe

Author

Frentz, Dineke, Wensing, AMJ, Albert, J, Paraskevis, D, Abecasis, AB, Hamouda, O, Jorgensen, LB, Kucherer, C, Struck, D, Schmit, JC, Asjo, B, Balotta, C, Beshkov, D, Camacho, RJ, Clotet, B, Coughlan, S, de Wit, S, Griskevicius, A, Grossman, Z, Horban, A, Kolupajeva, T, Korn, K, Kostrikis, LG, Liitsola, K, Linka, M, Nielsen, C, Otelea, D, Paredes, R, Poljak, M, Puchhammer-Stockl, E, Sonnerborg, A, Stanekova, D, Stanojevic, M, Vandamme, AM, Boucher, Charles, van de Vijver, David, Frentz, Dineke, Wensing, AMJ, Albert, J, Paraskevis, D, Abecasis, AB, Hamouda, O, Jorgensen, LB, Kucherer, C, Struck, D, Schmit, JC, Asjo, B, Balotta, C, Beshkov, D, Camacho, RJ, Clotet, B, Coughlan, S, de Wit, S, Griskevicius, A, Grossman, Z, Horban, A, Kolupajeva, T, Korn, K, Kostrikis, LG, Liitsola, K, Linka, M, Nielsen, C, Otelea, D, Paredes, R, Poljak, M, Puchhammer-Stockl, E, Sonnerborg, A, Stanekova, D, Stanojevic, M, Vandamme, AM, Boucher, Charles, and van de Vijver, David

Abstract

Background: International travel plays a role in the spread of HIV-1 across Europe. It is, however, not known whether international travel is more important for spread of the epidemic as compared to endogenous infections within single countries. In this study, phylogenetic associations among HIV of newly diagnosed patients were determined across Europe. Results: Data came from the SPREAD programme which collects samples of newly diagnosed patients that are representative for national HIV epidemics. 4260 pol sequences from 25 European countries and Israel collected in 2002-2007 were included. We identified 457 clusters including 1330 persons (31.2% of all patients). The cluster size ranged between 2 and 28. A number of 987 patients (74.2%) were part of a cluster that consisted only of patients originating from the same country. In addition, 135 Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the transmission of HIV-1 in Europe is predominantly occurring between patients from the same country. This could have implications for HIV-1 transmission prevention programmes. Because infections through travelling between countries is not frequently observed it is important to have good surveillance of the national HIV-1 epidemics.

Published
2013

42. Treatment-associated polymorphisms in protease are significantly associated with higher viral load and lower CD4 count in newly diagnosed drug-naive HIV-1 infected patients

Author

Theys, K. (Kristof), Deforche, K. (Koen), Vercauteren, J. (Jurgen), Libin, P. (Pieter), Vijver, D.A.M.C. (David) van de, Albert, J. (Jan), Åsjö, B. (Birgitta), Balotta, C. (Claudia), Bruckova, M. (Marie), Camacho, R.J. (Ricardo Jorge), Clotet, B. (Bonaventura), Coughlan, S. (Suzie), Grossman, Z. (Zehava), Hamouda, O. (Osamah), Horban, A. (Andrzej), Korn, K. (Klaus), Kostrikis, L.G. (Leondios), Kücherer, C. (Claudia), Nielsen, C. (Claus), Paraskevis, D. (Dimitrios), Poljak, M. (Mario), Puchhammer-Stöckl, E. (Elisabeth), Riva, C. (Chiara), Ruiz, L. (Lidia), Liitsola, K. (Kirsi), Schmit, J.-C. (Jean-Claude), Schuurman, R. (Rob), Sonnerborg, A. (Anders), Stanekova, D. (Danica), Stanojevic, M. (Maja), Struck, D. (Daniel), Laethem, K. (Kristel) van, Wensing, A.M.J. (Annemarie), Boucher, C.A.B. (Charles), Vandamme, A.M. (Anne Mieke), Theys, K. (Kristof), Deforche, K. (Koen), Vercauteren, J. (Jurgen), Libin, P. (Pieter), Vijver, D.A.M.C. (David) van de, Albert, J. (Jan), Åsjö, B. (Birgitta), Balotta, C. (Claudia), Bruckova, M. (Marie), Camacho, R.J. (Ricardo Jorge), Clotet, B. (Bonaventura), Coughlan, S. (Suzie), Grossman, Z. (Zehava), Hamouda, O. (Osamah), Horban, A. (Andrzej), Korn, K. (Klaus), Kostrikis, L.G. (Leondios), Kücherer, C. (Claudia), Nielsen, C. (Claus), Paraskevis, D. (Dimitrios), Poljak, M. (Mario), Puchhammer-Stöckl, E. (Elisabeth), Riva, C. (Chiara), Ruiz, L. (Lidia), Liitsola, K. (Kirsi), Schmit, J.-C. (Jean-Claude), Schuurman, R. (Rob), Sonnerborg, A. (Anders), Stanekova, D. (Danica), Stanojevic, M. (Maja), Struck, D. (Daniel), Laethem, K. (Kristel) van, Wensing, A.M.J. (Annemarie), Boucher, C.A.B. (Charles), and Vandamme, A.M. (Anne Mieke)

Abstract

Background: The effect of drug resistance transmission on disease progression in the newly infected patient is not well understood. Major drug resistance mutations severely impair viral fitness in a drug free environment, and therefore are expected to revert quickly. Compensatory mutations, often already polymorphic in wild-type viruses, do not tend to revert after transmission. While compensatory mutations increase

Published
2012
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43. Treatment-associated polymorphisms in protease are significantly associated with higher viral load and lower CD4 count in newly diagnosed drug-naive HIV-1 infected patients

Author

Theys, K, Deforche, K, Vercauteren, J, Libin, P, van de Vijver, David, Albert, J (Jan), Asjo, B, Balotta, C, Bruckova, M, Camacho, RJ, Clotet, B, Coughlan, S, Grossman, Z, Hamouda, O, Horban, A, Korn, K, Kostrikis, LG, Kucherer, C, Nielsen, C, Paraskevis, D, Poljak, M, Puchhammer-Stockl, E, Riva, C, Ruiz, L, Liitsola, K, Schmit, JC, Schuurman, R (Rob), Sonnerborg, A, Stanekova, D, Stanojevic, M, Struck, D, Van Laethem, K, Wensing, AMJ, Boucher, Charles, Vandamme, AM, Theys, K, Deforche, K, Vercauteren, J, Libin, P, van de Vijver, David, Albert, J (Jan), Asjo, B, Balotta, C, Bruckova, M, Camacho, RJ, Clotet, B, Coughlan, S, Grossman, Z, Hamouda, O, Horban, A, Korn, K, Kostrikis, LG, Kucherer, C, Nielsen, C, Paraskevis, D, Poljak, M, Puchhammer-Stockl, E, Riva, C, Ruiz, L, Liitsola, K, Schmit, JC, Schuurman, R (Rob), Sonnerborg, A, Stanekova, D, Stanojevic, M, Struck, D, Van Laethem, K, Wensing, AMJ, Boucher, Charles, and Vandamme, AM

Abstract

Background: The effect of drug resistance transmission on disease progression in the newly infected patient is not well understood. Major drug resistance mutations severely impair viral fitness in a drug free environment, and therefore are expected to revert quickly. Compensatory mutations, often already polymorphic in wild-type viruses, do not tend to revert after transmission. While compensatory mutations increase fitness during treatment, their presence may also modulate viral fitness and virulence in absence of therapy and major resistance mutations. We previously designed a modeling technique that quantifies genotypic footprints of in vivo treatment selective pressure, including both drug resistance mutations and polymorphic compensatory mutations, through the quantitative description of a fitness landscape from virus genetic sequences. Results: Genotypic correlates of viral load and CD4 cell count were evaluated in subtype B sequences from recently diagnosed treatment-naive patients enrolled in the SPREAD programme. The association of surveillance drug resistance mutations, reported compensatory mutations and fitness estimated from drug selective pressure fitness landscapes with baseline viral load and CD4 cell count was evaluated using regression techniques. Protease genotypic variability estimated to increase fitness during Conclusions: These results suggest that polymorphic compensatory mutations in protease, reported to be selected during treatment, may improve the replicative capacity of HIV-1 even in absence of drug selective pressure or major resistance mutations. The presence of this polymorphic variation may either reflect a history of drug selective pressure, i.e. transmission from a treated patient, or merely be a result of diversity in wild-type virus. Our findings suggest that transmitted drug resistance

Published
2012

44. Virtually full-length subtype F and F/D recombinant HIV-1 from Africa and South America

Author

Liitsola K, Deanna Gotte, Jean K. Carr, Mika Salminen, G van der Groen, Leo Heyndrickx, Wouter Janssens, Marion Cornelissen, Tiina Laukkanen, Francine E. McCutchan, E Op de Coul, and Other departments

Subjects
Male, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, Molecular Sequence Data, Gene Products, gag, Gene Products, pol, HIV Infections, Genome, Viral, Molecular cloning, Biology, Genome, law.invention, Evolution, Molecular, Monophyly, Phylogenetics, law, Virology, Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid, Humans, Cloning, Molecular, Phylogeny, Cloning, Genetics, Recombination, Genetic, Phylogenetic tree, Gene Products, env, Genetic Variation, South America, Africa, Recombinant DNA, HIV-1, Female, Recombination
Abstract

For reliable classification of HIV-1 strains appropriate reference sequences are needed. The HIV-1 genetic subtype F has a wide geographic spread, causing significant epidemics in South America, Africa, and some regions of Europe. Previously only two full-length sequences of each of the HIV-1 subtype F subclusters F1 and F2 have been described. To extend the knowledge of subtype F variation on a complete genome level, three new virtually full-length F1 sequences were cloned and sequenced, two from Africa and one from South America. Comparison of the new and previously described sequences showed that monophyletic clustering of the subcluster F1 of subtype F is consistent and highly supported in all genome regions. Two additional full-length strains were shown to be mosaics of subtypes F and D. These epidemiologically unrelated F/D sequences showed similar chimeric structure, suggesting that they may represent a previously undescribed circulating recombinant form (CRF). This was supported by partial sequences from three additional unlinked F/D recombinants. Genetic distances in the phylogenetic trees suggest that the recombination event leading to the putative CRF occurred relatively long ago, close to the divergence of the F1 and F2 subclusters. Furthermore, all five F/D recombinants are linked to the Democratic Republic of Congo, suggesting that the original recombination event took place in central Africa.

Published
2000

46. HIV-1 subtype distribution and its demographic determinants in newly diagnosed patients in Europe suggest highly compartmentalized epidemics

Author

Abecasis, A. B., Wensing, A. M. J., Paraskevis, Dimitrios N., Vercauteren, J., Theys, K., Van de Vijver, D. A. M. C., Albert, Jan, Åsjö, Birgitta, Balotta, Claudia, Beshkov, Danail, Camacho, Ricardo J., Clotet, B., De Gascun, C., Griskevicius, A., Grossman, Z., Hamouda, O., Horban, A., Kolupajeva, T., Korn, K., Kostrikis, Leontios G., Kücherer, C., Liitsola, K., Linka, M., Nielsen, C., Otelea, D., Paredes, R., Poljak, M., Puchhammer-Stöckl, E., Schmit, J. -C, Sönnerborg, A., Stanekova, D., Stanojevic, M., Struck, D., Boucher, C. A. B., Vandamme, A. -M, Virology, and Paraskevis, Dimitrios [0000-0001-6167-7152]

Subjects
Male, demography, Slovenia, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Human immunodeficiency virus 1, Distribution (economics), HIV Infections, medicine.disease_cause, molecular epidemiology, epidemic, Risk Factors, computer program, Epidemiology, Israel, cladistics, genetic recombination, 0303 health sciences, Phylogenetic tree, Transmission (medicine), adult, article, homosexuality, virus transmission, Subtyping, 3. Good health, Europe, female, Infectious Diseases, virus typing, Female, lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy, medicine.medical_specialty, sex difference, intravenous drug abuse, immigrant, Newly diagnosed, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Risk-Taking, male, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Virology, medicine, Humans, human, phylogenetic tree, Social Behavior, Epidemics, 030304 developmental biology, Portugal, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Research, Disease progression, heterosexuality, Bayes Theorem, Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection, major clinical study, amino acid sequence, Socioeconomic Factors, HIV-1, Human medicine, Poland, lcsh:RC581-607, business, Demography
Abstract

Background: Understanding HIV-1 subtype distribution and epidemiology can assist preventive measures and clinical decisions. Sequence variation may affect antiviral drug resistance development, disease progression, evolutionary rates and transmission routes.Results: We investigated the subtype distribution of HIV-1 in Europe and Israel in a representative sample of patients diagnosed between 2002 and 2005 and related it to the demographic data available. 2793 PRO-RT sequences were subtyped either with the REGA Subtyping tool or by a manual procedure that included phylogenetic tree and recombination analysis. The most prevalent subtypes/CRFs in our dataset were subtype B (66.1%), followed by sub-subtype A1 (6.9%), subtype C (6.8%) and CRF02_AG (4.7%). Substantial differences in the proportion of new diagnoses with distinct subtypes were found between European countries: the lowest proportion of subtype B was found in Israel (27.9%) and Portugal (39.2%), while the highest was observed in Poland (96.2%) and Slovenia (93.6%). Other subtypes were significantly more diagnosed in immigrant populations. Subtype B was significantly more diagnosed in men than in women and in MSM > IDUs > heterosexuals. Furthermore, the subtype distribution according to continent of origin of the patients suggests they acquired their infection there or in Europe from compatriots.Conclusions: The association of subtype with demographic parameters suggests highly compartmentalized epidemics, determined by social and behavioural characteristics of the patients. © 2013 Abecasis et al. licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 10 Tradenames: REGA Subtyping Cited By :55

Published
2013
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47. High plasma HIV load in the CRF01-AE outbreak among injecting drug users in Finland.

Author

Kivela, P.S., Krol, A., Salminen, M.O., Geskus, R.B., Suni, J.I., Anttila, V.J., Liitsola, K., Zetterberg, V., Miedema, F., Berkhout, B., Coutinho, R.A., Ristola, M.A., Kivela, P.S., Krol, A., Salminen, M.O., Geskus, R.B., Suni, J.I., Anttila, V.J., Liitsola, K., Zetterberg, V., Miedema, F., Berkhout, B., Coutinho, R.A., and Ristola, M.A.

Published
2005

48. High plasma HIV load in the CRF01-AE outbreak among injecting drug users in Finland.

Author

CTI, Kivela, P.S., Krol, A., Salminen, M.O., Geskus, R.B., Suni, J.I., Anttila, V.J., Liitsola, K., Zetterberg, V., Miedema, F., Berkhout, B., Coutinho, R.A., Ristola, M.A., CTI, Kivela, P.S., Krol, A., Salminen, M.O., Geskus, R.B., Suni, J.I., Anttila, V.J., Liitsola, K., Zetterberg, V., Miedema, F., Berkhout, B., Coutinho, R.A., and Ristola, M.A.

Published
2005

49. HIV-1 D subtype viruses in Finland

Author

Mika Salminen, Liitsola K, Pauli Leinikki, and Tiina Laukkanen

Subjects
Genetics, Phylogenetic tree, Molecular epidemiology, Phylogenetics, Virology, Genotype, Viral disease, Genetic variability, Typing, Biology, Virus
Abstract

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 strains are divided into seven genetic subtypes based on their gag sequences (A, B, C, D, F, G and H). Strains that have appeared in Finland show unusual heterogeneity compared to most industrialized countries, up to 25% of the strains belong to non-B subtypes (Liitsola et al., 1996). Three D subtype viruses have so far been identified in Finland. All patients were men, one Kenyan immigrant and two Finnish men, who had been infected in Africa. Here we describe some of the characteristics of the genomic diversity of these strains. Method: The genotype was determined by direct solid-phase sequencing of the p7 gag region. Phylogenetic analysis was done using standard methods. Results: The analysis showed that the D subtype sequences clustered clearly distinctly from the other non-B strains, but did not suggest any transmission links between the three cases. From one case both cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood leukocyte virus isolates were studied. The analysis revealed significant differences between the blood and CSF viruses. A four amino acid duplication and other differences were observed between the strains. Conclusion: The results confirm that D subtype viruses do indeed occur in Finland and they represent quite heterogenic strains within the D cluster.

Published
1995

50. PXII-31 Cloning and expression of human parvovirus 4 virus-like particles for immunological, epidemiological and diagnostic use

Author

Lahtinen, A., primary, Söderlund-Venermo, M., additional, Hedman, L., additional, Kumar, A., additional, Sarmaste, F., additional, Lappalainen, M., additional, Liitsola, K., additional, Kivelä, P., additional, Ristola, M., additional, Delwart, E., additional, Sharp, C.P., additional, Simmonds, P., additional, and Hedman, K., additional

Published
2009
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