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1. European code against cancer 4th edition: 12 ways to reduce your cancer risk

Author

Schüz, J., Espina, C., Villain, P., Herrero, R., Leon, M., Minozzi, S., Romieu, I., Segnan, N., Wardle, J., Wiseman, M., Belardelli, F., Bettcher, D., Cavalli, F., Galea, G., Lenoir, G., Martin-Moreno, J., Nicula, F., Olsen, J., Patnick, J., Primic-Zakelj, M., Puska, P., Van Leeuwen, F., Wiestler, O., Zatonski, W., Guha, N., Kralikova, E., McNeill, A., Peruga, A., Anderson, A., Berrino, F., Boutron-Ruault, M., Cecchini, M., Key, T., Leitzmann, M., Norat, T., Powers, H., Scoccianti, C., Auvinen, A., de Vries, E., Erdmann, F., Greinert, R., Harrison, J., Kesminiene, A., McColl, N., Friis, S., Kogevinas, M., Saracci, R., Straif, K., Vainio, H., Almonte, M., Anttila, A., De Vuyst, H., Dillner, J., Franceschi, S., Gonzalez, P., Hall, A., Park, J., Armaroli, P., Atkin, W., Dean, P., de Koning, H., Dillner, L., Kuipers, E., Lansdorp_Vogelaar, Iris, Paci, E., Regula, J., Suonio, E., Törnberg, S., Wood, L., Gaudin, N., Frie, K., Terrasse, V., Winstanley, K., Bellisario, C., Biagioli, E., Cinquini, M., Gianola, S., Lorenzo, M., von Karsa, L., Lignini, T., Schüz, J., Espina, C., Villain, P., Herrero, R., Leon, M., Minozzi, S., Romieu, I., Segnan, N., Wardle, J., Wiseman, M., Belardelli, F., Bettcher, D., Cavalli, F., Galea, G., Lenoir, G., Martin-Moreno, J., Nicula, F., Olsen, J., Patnick, J., Primic-Zakelj, M., Puska, P., Van Leeuwen, F., Wiestler, O., Zatonski, W., Guha, N., Kralikova, E., McNeill, A., Peruga, A., Anderson, A., Berrino, F., Boutron-Ruault, M., Cecchini, M., Key, T., Leitzmann, M., Norat, T., Powers, H., Scoccianti, C., Auvinen, A., de Vries, E., Erdmann, F., Greinert, R., Harrison, J., Kesminiene, A., McColl, N., Friis, S., Kogevinas, M., Saracci, R., Straif, K., Vainio, H., Almonte, M., Anttila, A., De Vuyst, H., Dillner, J., Franceschi, S., Gonzalez, P., Hall, A., Park, J., Armaroli, P., Atkin, W., Dean, P., de Koning, H., Dillner, L., Kuipers, E., Lansdorp_Vogelaar, Iris, Paci, E., Regula, J., Suonio, E., Törnberg, S., Wood, L., Gaudin, N., Frie, K., Terrasse, V., Winstanley, K., Bellisario, C., Biagioli, E., Cinquini, M., Gianola, S., Lorenzo, M., von Karsa, L., and Lignini, T.

Abstract

This overview describes the principles of the 4th edition of the European Code against Cancer and provides an introduction to the 12 recommendations to reduce cancer risk. Among the 504.6 million inhabitants of the member states of the European Union (EU28), there are annually 2.64 million new cancer cases and 1.28 million deaths from cancer. It is estimated that this cancer burden could be reduced by up to one half if scientific knowledge on causes of cancer could be translated into successful prevention. The Code is a preventive tool aimed to reduce the cancer burden by informing people how to avoid or reduce carcinogenic exposures, adopt behaviours to reduce the cancer risk, or to participate in organised intervention programmes. The Code should also form a base to guide national health policies in cancer prevention. The 12 recommendations are: not smoking or using other tobacco products; avoiding second-hand smoke; being a healthy body weight; encouraging physical activity; having a healthy diet; limiting alcohol consumption, with not drinking alcohol being better for cancer prevention; avoiding too much exposure to ultraviolet radiation; avoiding cancer-causing agents at the workplace; reducing exposure to high levels of radon; encouraging breastfeeding; limiting the use of hormone replacement therapy; participating in organised vaccination programmes against hepatitis B for newborns and human papillomavirus for girls; and participating in organised screening programmes for bowel cancer, breast cancer, and cervical cancer.

Published
2015

2. European guidelines for quality assurance in colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis: overview and introduction to the full supplement publication

Author

Von Karsa, L, Patnick, J, Segnan, N, Atkin, W, Halloran, S, Lansdorp Vogelaar, I, Malila, N, Minozzi, S, Moss, S, Quirke, P, Steele, Rj, Vieth, M, Aabakken, L, Altenhofen, L, Ancelle Park, R, Antoljak, N, Anttila, A, Armaroli, P, Arrossi, S, Austoker, J, Banzi, R, Bellisario, C, Blom, J, Brenner, H, Bretthauer, M, Camargo Cancela, M, Costamagna, Guido, Cuzick, J, Dai, M, Daniel, J, Dekker, E, Delicata, N, Ducarroz, S, Erfkamp, H, Espinàs, Ja, Faivre, J, Faulds Wood, L, Flugelman, A, Frkovic Grazio, S, Geller, B, Giordano, L, Grazzini, G, Green, J, Hamashima, C, Herrmann, C, Hewitson, P, Hoff, G, Holten, I, Jover, R, Kaminski, Mf, Kuipers, Ej, Kurtinaitis, J, Lambert, R, Launoy, G, Lee, W, Leicester, R, Leja, M, Lieberman, D, Lignini, T, Lucas, E, Lynge, E, Mádai, S, Marinho, J, Maučec Zakotnik, J, Minoli, G, Monk, C, Morais, A, Muwonge, R, Nadel, M, Neamtiu, L, Peris Tuser, M, Pignone, M, Pox, C, Primic Zakelj, M, Psaila, J, Rabeneck, L, Ransohoff, D, Rasmussen, M, Regula, J, Ren, J, Rennert, G, Rey, J, Riddell, Rh, Risio, M, Rodrigues, V, Saito, H, Sauvaget, C, Scharpantgen, A, Schmiegel, W, Senore, C, Siddiqi, M, Sighoko, D, Smith, R, Smith, S, Suchanek, S, Suonio, E, Tong, W, Törnberg, S, Villain, P, Van Cutsem, E., Costamagna, Guido (ORCID:0000-0002-8100-2731), Von Karsa, L, Patnick, J, Segnan, N, Atkin, W, Halloran, S, Lansdorp Vogelaar, I, Malila, N, Minozzi, S, Moss, S, Quirke, P, Steele, Rj, Vieth, M, Aabakken, L, Altenhofen, L, Ancelle Park, R, Antoljak, N, Anttila, A, Armaroli, P, Arrossi, S, Austoker, J, Banzi, R, Bellisario, C, Blom, J, Brenner, H, Bretthauer, M, Camargo Cancela, M, Costamagna, Guido, Cuzick, J, Dai, M, Daniel, J, Dekker, E, Delicata, N, Ducarroz, S, Erfkamp, H, Espinàs, Ja, Faivre, J, Faulds Wood, L, Flugelman, A, Frkovic Grazio, S, Geller, B, Giordano, L, Grazzini, G, Green, J, Hamashima, C, Herrmann, C, Hewitson, P, Hoff, G, Holten, I, Jover, R, Kaminski, Mf, Kuipers, Ej, Kurtinaitis, J, Lambert, R, Launoy, G, Lee, W, Leicester, R, Leja, M, Lieberman, D, Lignini, T, Lucas, E, Lynge, E, Mádai, S, Marinho, J, Maučec Zakotnik, J, Minoli, G, Monk, C, Morais, A, Muwonge, R, Nadel, M, Neamtiu, L, Peris Tuser, M, Pignone, M, Pox, C, Primic Zakelj, M, Psaila, J, Rabeneck, L, Ransohoff, D, Rasmussen, M, Regula, J, Ren, J, Rennert, G, Rey, J, Riddell, Rh, Risio, M, Rodrigues, V, Saito, H, Sauvaget, C, Scharpantgen, A, Schmiegel, W, Senore, C, Siddiqi, M, Sighoko, D, Smith, R, Smith, S, Suchanek, S, Suonio, E, Tong, W, Törnberg, S, Villain, P, Van Cutsem, E., and Costamagna, Guido (ORCID:0000-0002-8100-2731)

Abstract

Population-based screening for early detection and treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) and precursor lesions, using evidence-based methods, can be effective in populations with a significant burden of the disease provided the services are of high quality. Multidisciplinary, evidence-based guidelines for quality assurance in CRC screening and diagnosis have been developed by experts in a project co-financed by the European Union. The 450-page guidelines were published in book format by the European Commission in 2010. They include 10 chapters and over 250 recommendations, individually graded according to the strength of the recommendation and the supporting evidence. Adoption of the recommendations can improve and maintain the quality and effectiveness of an entire screening process, including identification and invitation of the target population, diagnosis and management of the disease and appropriate surveillance in people with detected lesions. To make the principles, recommendations and standards in the guidelines known to a wider professional and scientific community and to facilitate their use in the scientific literature, the original content is presented in journal format in an open-access Supplement of Endoscopy. The editors have prepared the present overview to inform readers of the comprehensive scope and content of the guidelines.

Published
2013

3. European guidelines for quality assurance in colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis: Overview and introduction to the full Supplement publication

Author

Von Karsa, L., Patnick, J., Segnan, N., Atkin, W., Halloran, S., Lansdorp_Vogelaar, Iris, Malila, N., Minozzi, S., Moss, S., Quirke, P., Steele, R., Vieth, M., Aabakken, L., Altenhofen, L., Ancelle-Park, R., Antoljak, N., Anttila, A., Armaroli, P., Arrossi, S., Austoker, J., Banzi, R., Bellisario, C., Blom, J., Brenner, H., Bretthauer, M., Cancela, M., Costamagna, G., Cuzick, J., Dai, M., Daniel, J., Dekker, E., Delicata, N., Ducarroz, S., Erfkamp, H., Espinàs, J., Faivre, J., Wood, L., Flugelman, A., Frkovic-Grazio, S., Geller, B., Giordano, L., Grazzini, G., Green, J., Hamashima, C., Herrmann, C., Hewitson, P., Hoff, G., Holten, I., Jover, R., Kaminski, M., Kuipers, E., Kurtinaitis, J., Lambert, R., Launoy, G., Lee, W., Leicester, R., Leja, M., Lieberman, D., Lignini, T., Lucas, E., Lynge, E., Mádai, S., Marinho, J., Zakotnik, J., Minoli, G., Monk, C., Morais, A., Muwonge, R., Nadel, M., Neamtiu, L., Tuser, M., Pignone, M., Pox, C., Primic-Zakelj, M., Psaila, J., Rabeneck, L., Ransohoff, D., Rasmussen, M., Regula, J., Ren, J., Rennert, G., Rey, J., Riddell, R., Risio, M., Rodrigues, V., Saito, H., Sauvaget, C., Scharpantgen, A., Schmiegel, W., Senore, C., Siddiqi, M., Sighoko, D., Von Karsa, L., Patnick, J., Segnan, N., Atkin, W., Halloran, S., Lansdorp_Vogelaar, Iris, Malila, N., Minozzi, S., Moss, S., Quirke, P., Steele, R., Vieth, M., Aabakken, L., Altenhofen, L., Ancelle-Park, R., Antoljak, N., Anttila, A., Armaroli, P., Arrossi, S., Austoker, J., Banzi, R., Bellisario, C., Blom, J., Brenner, H., Bretthauer, M., Cancela, M., Costamagna, G., Cuzick, J., Dai, M., Daniel, J., Dekker, E., Delicata, N., Ducarroz, S., Erfkamp, H., Espinàs, J., Faivre, J., Wood, L., Flugelman, A., Frkovic-Grazio, S., Geller, B., Giordano, L., Grazzini, G., Green, J., Hamashima, C., Herrmann, C., Hewitson, P., Hoff, G., Holten, I., Jover, R., Kaminski, M., Kuipers, E., Kurtinaitis, J., Lambert, R., Launoy, G., Lee, W., Leicester, R., Leja, M., Lieberman, D., Lignini, T., Lucas, E., Lynge, E., Mádai, S., Marinho, J., Zakotnik, J., Minoli, G., Monk, C., Morais, A., Muwonge, R., Nadel, M., Neamtiu, L., Tuser, M., Pignone, M., Pox, C., Primic-Zakelj, M., Psaila, J., Rabeneck, L., Ransohoff, D., Rasmussen, M., Regula, J., Ren, J., Rennert, G., Rey, J., Riddell, R., Risio, M., Rodrigues, V., Saito, H., Sauvaget, C., Scharpantgen, A., Schmiegel, W., Senore, C., Siddiqi, M., and Sighoko, D.

Abstract

Population-based screening for early detection and treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) and precursor lesions, using evidence-based methods, can be effective in populations with a significant burden of the disease provided the services are of high quality. Multidisciplinary, evidence-based guidelines for quality assurance in CRC screening and diagnosis have been developed by experts in a project co-financed by the European Union. The 450-page guidelines were published in book format by the European Commission in 2010.They include 10 chapters and over 250 recommendations, individually graded according to the strength of the recommendation and the supporting evidence. Adoption of the recommendations can improve and maintain the quality and effectiveness of an entire screening process, including identification and invitation of the target population, diagnosis and management of the disease and appropriate surveillance in people with detected lesions. To make the principles, recommendations and standards in the guidelines known to a wider professional and scientific community and to facilitate their use in the scientific literature, the original content is presented in journal format in an open-access Supplement of Endoscopy. The editors have prepared the present overview to inform readers of the comprehensive scope and content of the guidelines. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Published
2013

6. Feasibility Study to Assess the Impact of a Lifestyle Intervention during Colorectal Cancer Screening in France.

Author

Huybrechts I, Kliemann N, Perol O, Cattey-Javouhey A, Benech N, Maire A, Lignini T, Carretier J, Saurin JC, Fervers B, and Gunter MJ

Subjects
Aged, Feasibility Studies, Female, Focus Groups, France, Health Behavior, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Program Evaluation, Risk Factors, Risk Reduction Behavior, Colorectal Neoplasms prevention & control, Early Detection of Cancer, Health Promotion methods, Healthy Lifestyle, Patient Acceptance of Health Care psychology
Abstract

Current evidence suggests that 30-50% of cancers are attributable to established lifestyle risk factors. Cancer-screening has been identified as an opportunity for delivering advice on lifestyle behaviour change for cancer prevention. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and acceptance of promoting advice on the latest evidence-based lifestyle recommendations for cancer prevention at the time of colorectal cancer screening at two hospitals in Lyon, France. This feasibility study included 49 patients (20 men and 29 women) who were invited for colonoscopy. Patients received a leaflet with lifestyle recommendations for cancer prevention, accompanied with a logbook to plan and monitor their behavioural changes. Feedback from patients, hospital staff, and researchers was received via evaluation questionnaires ( n = 26) completed after testing the educational material for at least two weeks and via two focus group discussions ( n = 7 and n = 9 respectively) organized at the end of the study. All interviewed patients were interested in lowering their cancer risk, and the majority felt ready to change their lifestyle (88%), although most did not know how to decrease their risk of cancer (61%). All patients found the educational material easy to understand and sufficiently attractive and 50% of the patients reported having achieved at least one of the healthy behaviours recommended within the two weeks following the intervention. All hospital staff and almost all patients (92%) involved found that the screening program and the visits planned for colonoscopy was an appropriate moment to provide them with the educational material. This feasibility study has shown that the content, paper-based format, and time of delivery of the intervention were adequate. Health professionals seem to be willing to provide lifestyle recommendations, and patients appear interested in receiving advice for lowering their cancer risk during screening visits.

Published
2021
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7. European guidelines for quality assurance in colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis: overview and introduction to the full supplement publication.

Author

von Karsa L, Patnick J, Segnan N, Atkin W, Halloran S, Lansdorp-Vogelaar I, Malila N, Minozzi S, Moss S, Quirke P, Steele RJ, Vieth M, Aabakken L, Altenhofen L, Ancelle-Park R, Antoljak N, Anttila A, Armaroli P, Arrossi S, Austoker J, Banzi R, Bellisario C, Blom J, Brenner H, Bretthauer M, Camargo Cancela M, Costamagna G, Cuzick J, Dai M, Daniel J, Dekker E, Delicata N, Ducarroz S, Erfkamp H, Espinàs JA, Faivre J, Faulds Wood L, Flugelman A, Frkovic-Grazio S, Geller B, Giordano L, Grazzini G, Green J, Hamashima C, Herrmann C, Hewitson P, Hoff G, Holten I, Jover R, Kaminski MF, Kuipers EJ, Kurtinaitis J, Lambert R, Launoy G, Lee W, Leicester R, Leja M, Lieberman D, Lignini T, Lucas E, Lynge E, Mádai S, Marinho J, Maučec Zakotnik J, Minoli G, Monk C, Morais A, Muwonge R, Nadel M, Neamtiu L, Peris Tuser M, Pignone M, Pox C, Primic-Zakelj M, Psaila J, Rabeneck L, Ransohoff D, Rasmussen M, Regula J, Ren J, Rennert G, Rey J, Riddell RH, Risio M, Rodrigues V, Saito H, Sauvaget C, Scharpantgen A, Schmiegel W, Senore C, Siddiqi M, Sighoko D, Smith R, Smith S, Suchanek S, Suonio E, Tong W, Törnberg S, Van Cutsem E, Vignatelli L, Villain P, Voti L, Watanabe H, Watson J, Winawer S, Young G, Zaksas V, Zappa M, and Valori R

Subjects
Early Detection of Cancer, Europe, Evidence-Based Medicine, Humans, Colorectal Neoplasms diagnosis, Mass Screening standards, Quality Assurance, Health Care
Abstract

Population-based screening for early detection and treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) and precursor lesions, using evidence-based methods, can be effective in populations with a significant burden of the disease provided the services are of high quality. Multidisciplinary, evidence-based guidelines for quality assurance in CRC screening and diagnosis have been developed by experts in a project co-financed by the European Union. The 450-page guidelines were published in book format by the European Commission in 2010.  They include 10 chapters and over 250 recommendations, individually graded according to the strength of the recommendation and the supporting evidence. Adoption of the recommendations can improve and maintain the quality and effectiveness of an entire screening process, including identification and invitation of the target population, diagnosis and management of the disease and appropriate surveillance in people with detected lesions. To make the principles, recommendations and standards in the guidelines known to a wider professional and scientific community and to facilitate their use in the scientific literature, the original content is presented in journal format in an open-access Supplement of Endoscopy. The editors have prepared the present overview to inform readers of the comprehensive scope and content of the guidelines.

Published
2013
Full Text
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8. The dimensions of the CRC problem.

Author

Karsa LV, Lignini TA, Patnick J, Lambert R, and Sauvaget C

Subjects
Colorectal Neoplasms mortality, Developing Countries statistics & numerical data, Early Detection of Cancer, Female, Health Resources, Health Transition, Humans, Incidence, Life Expectancy, Male, Mass Screening, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Colorectal Neoplasms epidemiology, Colorectal Neoplasms prevention & control, Cost of Illness, Global Health
Abstract

Colorectal cancer is a significant health problem, the importance of which will increase substantially in the coming years, both in more, as well as in less developed regions of the world. The present paper describes the dimensions of the problem from an epidemiologic viewpoint as well as from the perspective of policy makers and professionals seeking to control the disease. Currently, colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer and the fourth most common cause of cancer deaths worldwide, with 1.2 million estimated cases and 609,000 estimated deaths in 2008. Based on demographic trends, the annual incidence is expected to increase by nearly 80% to 2.2 million cases over the next two decades and most of this increase will occur in the less developed regions of the world (62%). These regions are ill equipped to deal with the rapidly increasing demand for cancer treatment resulting from population growth and higher life expectancy. Concerted efforts to control colorectal cancer are therefore of great importance worldwide. They will require allocation of additional resources and should be based on an appropriate balance between prevention, diagnosis and treatment., (Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2010
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