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Objective: To analyze the expression of TLR7, TLR9, and signaling proteins MyD88 and NF-κB, and their relationship with platelet aggregation in Yucatecan patients with type 2 diabetes. Material and methods: Platelet aggregation was determined by light transmission and protein expression by flow cytometry in 31 patients and 29 controls from Yucatan. Results: A non-significant decrease in aggregation times (112.8 ± 87.36 vs 134.7± 87.03 seconds, p = 0.2742) and significantly lower expression of TLR9 (19.36 ± 20.92 vs 31. 98 ± 20.19 p = 0.0240) and NF-κB (5.504 ± 6.457 vs 5.156 ± 4.060, p = 0.5766) were observed in platelets in diabetic patients. Reduction in aggregation times and increase in platelet activation in diabetic women, as well as a correlation between aggregation times and MyD88 expression in patients and controls were found. Expression of TLR9 and MyD88 correlated with decreased platelet aggregation time in patients with type 2 diabetes. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the aggregation time trends to be shorter in Yucatecan patients with type 2 diabetes and that TLR9 may be participating in platelet aggregation.

Objetivo: Comparar, por meio da concentração plasmática, a dose prescrita (dose de ataque e dose plena) de vancomicina em pacientes submetidos a hemodiálise no Hospital Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Maringá. Método: Estudo de coorte retrospectiva, com pacientes internados no período de julho/2020 à julho/2021 e que estavam em terapia renal substitutiva e fizeram uso de vancomicina. Os dados foram coletados do prontuário eletrônico considerando as concentrações séricas e informações clínicas dos pacientes, sendo organizados em planilhas e a comparação das medianas dos dois grupos realizadas pelo testes estatísticos de Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis. Resultado: Um total de 51 pacientes foram incluídos no estudo, sendo 13 que receberam dose de ataque média de 19,01 mg/kg e 38 pacientes com dose plena (1.000mg a cada 8 - 12h) antes do ajuste para diálise, com mediana de idade de 55 anos e 64,5 anos, respectivamente. A quantidade de ajustes farmacêuticos realizados, considerando a concentração sérica e o número de vales realizados, foram semelhantes nos dois grupos. Já o primeiro vale obtido foi estatisticamente menor nos pacientes com dose de ataque (20 μg/mL) ao comparar com dose plena (33,2 μg/mL). Ademais, o grupo dose plena apresentou cerca de 60% dos resultados de vales, durante o tratamento, acima da faixa terapêutica recomendada. Não foi possível avaliar falha terapêutica e sobrevida dos pacientes. Conclusão: Os pacientes que receberam dose de ataque atingiram o nível sérico terapêutico de vancomicina mais rapidamente e com menor risco de toxicidade, mantendo-se dentro do alvo durante todo o tratamento.

Study aim: To compare two exercise training modes on the physical fitness of 10 year-old children. Material and methods: A sample of 60 schoolboys aged 10 years were randomly divided into 3 groups: Traditional (TG), trained according to the Brazilian national curricular parameters, Maturational (MG), in which the degree of difficulty of the activities was adjusted to the level of maturity of subjects, and Control group (CG). The Greulich-Pyle protocol was used to assess biological maturity. The following fitness tests were applied: 5x10 m shuttle run (SHR), Burpee's test (BCT), goniometric (LABIFIE) measurement of shoulder joint flexibility (SAA), horizontal shoulder flexion (HSF), shoulder joint abduction (SJA), lumbar spine flexion (LSF), hip joint extension (HJE) [10], Sargent's Jump Test (SJT), endurance shuttle run (ESR) and 50-m run. The TG and MG groups trained 16 weeks, twice weekly. Results: The only significant (p less than 0.05) between-group differences were found for SJA (TG greater than MG) and LSF (TG greater than CG). Conclusions: Despite the lack of clear-cut results, biological maturation combined with chronological age should be considered when applying various methodological approaches in order to encourage the engagement in physical exercises as this would have favourable carry-over effects. (Contains 1 table.)

Background & objectives: Dirofilaria immitis is a filarial nematode that causes heartworm disease in domestic as well as wild canines and felines; and cutaneous or pulmonary infections in humans. The purpose of the study was to estimate the prevalence of D. immitis in domestic dogs in Tabasco, Mexico and to assay mosquitoes temporally and spatially associated with dogs for evidence of infection. Methods: Blood was collected from 1050 dogs in 1039 houses during a random household survey performed in 2016 and 2017. Genomic DNA was extracted and assayed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using pan-filarial primers and various species-specific primers. Dog owners were interviewed using a structured questionnaire designed to collect information on factors that may impact the occurrence of filarial infection. The association between canine dirofilariasis prevalence and factors likely to impact infection was determined by univariate logistic regression analysis, followed by multivariate binomial logistic regression analysis. Indoor and outdoor resting mosquitoes were collected from houses by manual aspiration. Mosquitoes were identified according to species, homogenized and tested by PCR for filarial nematodes. Results: A total of 84 (8%) dogs were positive for D. immitis DNA, while 3 (0.3%) dogs contained Acanthocheilonema reconditum DNA. Several factors were significantly associated with D. immitis infection. For example, dogs that lived

This paper reflects upon the affective dimension of the experience of reading fiction and poetry. I argue that the space of the imagination allows the approach of literary texts by means of sensations and emotions. Therefore, I formulate a concept of presence suitable for thinking about literary experiences, in which the reader’s body is mobilized by effects triggered by the text when in contact with his imagery.

The epidermal growth factor, latrophilin, and seven transmembrane domain–containing protein 1 (ELTD1), is a member of the G–protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) superfamily. Although discovered in 2001, ELTD1 has been investigated only by a few research groups, and important data about its role in normal and tumor cells is still missing. Even though its functions and structure are not yet fully understood, recent studies show that ELTD1 has a role in both physiological and pathological angiogenesis, and it appears to be a very important biomarker and a molecular target in cancer diseases. Upregulation of ELTD1 in malignant cells has been reported, and correlated with poor cancer prognosis. This review article aims to compile the existing data and to discuss the current knowledge on ELTD1 structure and signaling, and its role in physiological and neoplastic conditions.

In this essay, I aim to reflect upon possibilities of literary experiences that are not restricted to the hermeneutic tradition and thus provide space for an affective take on literature, namely through sensorial, perceptual and emotional effects. With that in mind, I propose that poetic elucubrations based on animal consciousness could be a starting point in the configuration of a hybrid conscious state, in a somatic and kinetic imaginary, which then might broaden both the notion and the horizons of literary representation.

Se establecieron ocho cuadros (cercanos y lejanos al borde) en la vegetación aledaña al Volcán de los murciélagos en Calakmul, Campeche; con el objetivo de analizar la composición florística, la diversidad estructural y la biomasa almacenada. Se censaron un total de 2 844 individuos distribuidos en 84 especies y 34 familias en un área total de muestreo de 5 000 m2. Las especies más abundantes fueron Croton oerstedianus, Eugenia winzerlingii y Drypetes lateriflora, siendo Astronium graveolens la única especie en la NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010. El área basal varió entre 9.55 y 26.05 m2ha-1 y la densidad de individuos entre 4 288 y 8 272 indha-1. La estructura horizontal (categorías diamétricas) y la vertical (categorías de altura), presentaron un patrón en forma de J-invertida. Los valores de diversidad estructural presentaron una relación positiva con la acumulación de biomasa, que varió entre 4.23 ton ha-1 y 51.95 ton ha-1. Nuestros resultados muestran que la heterogeneidad y diversidad de la vegetación circundante a la cueva “El Volcán de los Murciélagos”, constituyen características del hábitat que ipodrían influir en las especies de murciélagos que habitan la cueva y correlacionados con la acumulación de biomasa, refuerzan la necesidad de generar estrategias de conservación para este refugio multiespecífico.

Se analizó la diversidad florística de la selva mediana subperennifolia del ejido El Carmen II, Calakmul, Campeche, en diferentes estadios sucesionales en un área de 2700 m2. En nueve parcelas de 300 m2 se representó vegetación secundaria (acahual) con siete años de abandono, 15 años de abandono y selvas maduras, en las cuales se identifi caron y midieron todos los individuos leñosos con un DAP = 1 cm. Se encontraron 996 individuos de 78 especies distribuidas en 29 familias, las familias con mayor riqueza de especies fueron Fabaceae, Rubiaceae y Sapindaceae. Las especies con mayor abundancia en el área de estudio fueron Nectandra salicifolia, Pouteria reticulata, Croton icche y Bursera simaruba, esta última especie fue la única que se presentó en todas las parcelas de estudio. Las especies con mayor valor de importancia relativo (VIR) en los acahuales con siete años de abandono fueron Lysiloma latisiliquum, Bursera simaruba y Guettarda combsii; en los acahuales con 15 años de abandono las especies con mayor VIR fueron Nectandra salicifolia, Piscidia piscipula y Dendropanax arboreus; mientras en las parcelas de selva madura fueron Brosimum alicastrum, Manilkara zapota y Pouteria reticulata. Además se presentaron 15 especies sólo en parcelas de acahuales con siete años de abandono, cinco especies únicas en las parcelas de acahuales de 15 años y 18 especies únicas en las parcelas de selvas maduras. Concluimos que analizar la estructura y composición florística en vegetación en distintas fases sucesionales permite documentar mejor la diversidad florística de áreas que han sido altamente impactadas por distintos disturbios

Este artigo reflete sobre a dimensão afetiva da leitura de textos poéticos e ficcionais. Proponho que a imaginação é o espaço em que nos aproximamos das obras literárias por meio de sensações e emoções. Para tal, desenvolvo um conceito de presença voltado para a experiência literária, em que o corpo do leitor é mobilizado a partir de efeitos disparados pelo texto em contato com seu imaginário.

O Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil) é um estudo de coorte multicêntrico com o objetivo de identificar os fatores de risco associados ao diabetes tipo 2 e à doença cardiovascular na população brasileira. O artigo descreve as estratégias de coleta, processamento, transporte e de controle de qualidade dos exames de sangue e urina no ELSA. O estudo optou pela centralização dos exames em um único laboratório. O processamento das amostras foi realizado nos laboratórios locais, reduzindo o peso do material a ser transportado e diminuindo os custos do transporte para o laboratório central no Hospital da Universidade de São Paulo. O estudo incluiu exames para avaliação de diabetes, resistência à insulina, dislipidemias, alterações eletrolíticas, hormônios tireoidianos, ácido úrico, alterações de enzimas hepáticas, inflamação e hemograma completo. Além desses exames, foram estocados DNA de leucócitos, amostras de urina, plasma e soro. O laboratório central realizou aproximadamente 375.000 exames.

La Reserva de la Biosfera de Calakmul es el área de selva tropical conservada más grande de México, ubicada al sur de la península de Yucatán. Es un área natural protegida y un espacio para la conservación de las aves en México (aica 171). Alberga temporal o permanentemente gran diversidad de especies de aves neotropicales y neárticas; sin embargo, existe una discrepancia de hasta 19% respecto del número de especies reportadas en esta reserva. Con el fin de actualizar el inventario de la avifauna de la reserva compilamos, revisamos y cotejamos los registros reportados en documentos publicados, literatura gris, bases de datos públicas, listados oficiales y colecciones ornitológicas. Incluimos también información sobre estacionalidad, abundancia, endemismo, categoría de conservación y valores de vulnerabilidad reportados en las diversas fuentes que consultamos. Compilamos datos de 403 especies de aves para la reserva, lo cual significa el número más grande de especies reportadas; se trata del listado más completo y actualizado a la fecha. La actualización de inventarios es fundamental tanto para conocer los recursos disponibles en un área determinada como para desarrollar planes de manejo que permitan conservar las especies y sus ecosistemas, especialmente si se trata de áreas naturales protegidas.

BackgroundLung tumors are the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide and paclitaxel has proven to be useful for patients with lung cancer, however, acquired resistance is a major problem. To overcome this problem, one promising option is the use of Constitutive Androstane Receptor (CAR) ligands in combination with chemotherapeutics against cancer cells. Therefore, we wish to elucidate the effects of CAR ligands on the antineoplastic efficacy of paclitaxel in lung cancer cells.Methodology/principal findingsOur results from cell viability assays exposing CAR agonist or inverse-agonist to mouse and human lung cancer cells modulated the antineoplastic effect of paclitaxel. The CAR agonists increased the effect of Paclitaxel in 6 of 7 lung cancer cell lines, whereas the inverse-agonist had no effect on paclitaxel cytotoxicity. Interestingly, the mCAR agonist TCPOBOP enhanced the expression of two tumor suppressor genes, namely WT1 and MGMT, which were additively enhanced in cells treated with CAR agonist in combination with paclitaxel. Also, in silico analysis showed that both paclitaxel and CAR agonist TCPOBOP docked into the mCAR structure but not the inverse agonist androstenol. Paclitaxel per se increases the expression of CAR in cancer cells. At last, we analyzed the expression of CAR in two public independent studies from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) of Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). CAR is expressed in variable levels in NSCLC samples and no association with overall survival was noted.Conclusions/significanceTaken together, our results demonstrated that CAR agonists modulate the antineoplastic efficacy of paclitaxel in mouse and human cancer cell lines. This effect was probably related by the enhanced expression of two tumor suppressor genes, viz. WT1 and MGMT. Most of NSCLC cases present CAR gene expression turning it possible to speculate the use of CAR modulation by ligands along with Paclitaxel in NSCLC therapy.

This randomised, open-label, non-inferiority study was designed to demonstrate that a 3-day course of oral azithromycin 1 g once daily was at least as effective as a standard 7-day course of oral amoxicillin-clavulanate 875/125 mg twice daily in the treatment of outpatients with community-acquired pneumonia (Fine class I and II). In total, 267 patients with clinically and radiologically confirmed community-acquired pneumonia were randomly assigned to receive either the azithromycin (n=136) or the amoxicillin-clavulanate (n=131) regimen. At screening, 60/136 (58.8%) and 61/131 (62.9%) respectively had at least one pathogen identified by sputum culture, PCR, or serology. The primary endpoint was the clinical response in the intent-to-treat population at the end of therapy (day 8 to 12). Clinical success rates were 126/136 (92.6%) for azithromycin and 122/131 (93.1%) for amoxicillin-clavulanate (treatment difference: - 0.48%; 95% confidence interval: - 5.66%; 4.69%). Clinical and radiological success rates at follow-up (day 22-26) were consistent with the end of therapy results, no patient reporting clinical relapse. Bacteriological success rates at the end of therapy were 32/35 (91.4%) for azithromycin and 30/33 (90.9%) for amoxicillin-clavulanate (treatment difference: 0.52%; 95% confidence interval - 10.81%; 11.85%). Both treatment regimens were well tolerated: the overall incidence of adverse events was 34/136 (25.0%) for azithromycin and 22/132 (16.7%) for amoxicillin-clavulanate. In both treatment groups, the most commonly reported events were gastrointestinal symptoms. Azithromycin 1g once daily for 3 days is at least as effective as amoxicillin-clavulanate 875/125 mg twice daily for 7 days in the treatment of adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia.

In view of the pharmacodynamic and therapeutic properties of a broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin recently introduced in Italy, namely sulbenicillin, the authors conducted a multicentre clinical and bacteriological trial of the drug administered by intramuscular or intravenous injection in daily doses of 4, 6 or 8 g given in two or three administrations daily to a group of 66 patients with acute bronchopulmonary infection, mainly exacerbation of chronic infection, hospitalized in four Pneumology Centres of Sardinia. The authors assessed clinical, radiological, microbiological, and biohumoral parameters before and after treatment to provide a basis for assessing test product effectiveness and tolerability. On the strength of their findings, the authors concluded that the clinical and bacteriological activity of sulbenicillin was satisfactory and its local and general tolerability was excellent. The assembled findings indicate that the new antibiotic molecule can be used to advantage in the treatment of nontubercular bronchopulmonary infections, including severe or otherwise "difficult" cases, providing that the drug is administered at adequate dosages and for sufficiently long treatment periods.