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The recent COVID-19 pandemic pandemic has highlighted the importance of food safety and supply chain governance. In other words, we need to ensure traceability along the supply chain, support high-frequency transactions and effective data collections, etc. Thus, we posit the potential of using lightning network, which is a decentralized traceable paradigm for achieving high-frequency transactions in blockchain-based systems. In addition, we also utilize edge computing to help facilitate data collection. However, a key challenge in securing food supplies is determining the optimal global transaction path in lightning network, while achieving efficiency and meeting the dynamic nature of food supply management. Thus, we propose a blockchain-edge scheme that utilizes our proposed dynamic programming to produce optimal solutions to selecting global transaction paths. Specifically, our scheme optimizes routing fees under existing constraints (e.g., transmission cost, computing resource consumption, and lightning network balance). Findings from our evaluations demonstrate that the utility of our proposed approach in facilitating food safety management.

The power surges produced by lightning discharges affect the electrical network at residences and cause damages in home appliances. To avoid these damages, it is recommended to use Surge Protection Devices (SPD) in the power input of the appliances (SPD Class III). This article presents the current levels that the SPD Class III bypass at the entrance of the appliances. We show that the SPD can deflect 75% of the current that reaches it. We also show that SPD increase the voltage level supported by equipment in 2 kV or more and thus maintain the equipment's useful life. Cell phone chargers, laptop chargers and refrigerator power supply were submitted to a series of surges with different voltage levels to determine the number of surges that each equipment can withstand at a specific voltage. In all the studied equipment, SPD increased the number of supported surges.

This study Post-Occupational Evaluation (POE), aims to determine whether the natural lighting and ventilation openings in theoretical rooms at SMK XYZ have met the standards or not. The review of technical aspects focused on lighting and ventilation issues. This research is descriptive, evaluative, with the POE method at the investigative level, making 13 theoretical rooms as research objects and 156 students or 12 students per class as research subjects. The research instrument is a measuring instrument plus a questionnaire as data to strengthen the study results. Data collection techniques with observation and recording of primary data and secondary studies. The data analysis technique used descriptive quantitative. The condition of the theoretical space at SMK XYZ for the KBM process does not meet standards, such as natural lighting of the theoretical room in 11 of the 12 existing rooms; inlet and outlet area, the elevation of ventilation holes at the inlet throughout the theory room.

Currently, the sales of decorative lighting products are very low because the design of decorative lights are less attractive to consumers. Therefore, the company must develop the product to produce quality products that are updated and attractive to consumers. This research aims to develop the decorative light products using value engineering. Value engineering was used to increase benefits withoutt increasing costs, reducing costs without reducing benefits, or a combination of both. This research was conducted to find out the level of efficiency that can be achieved from several recommended alternatives. Research results showed that the value of the initial design (Product A) was 3,48 x 10-7; product B was 3,16 x 10-7; and product C was 8,83 x 10-7. The use of raw materials has also changed from its initial design which was using a mixture of copper and brass with a thickness of 0,8 mm to an alternative design by using a mixture of copper and brass with a thickness of 0,5 mm. In addition, the study showed that product C are more preferable for consumers. Keywords: decorative lighting, product development, pairwise comparison, value engineering

Background and aim Transilluminator device allow healthcare professionals to visualize peripheral veins without using tourniquet. Aim of the study was to test the ability of three devices (Christie VeinViewer Flex (Christie, Lake Mary, Florida, USA), ICEN IN-G090-2 (ICEN Technology Company Limited, Guangdong, China) and AccuVein AV400 (AccuVein, New York, USA)) to present quality images thought defined criterion. Materials and methods Study was designed as a comparison of technical characteristics, evaluation of image quality and assessment of applicability in different conditions (different viewing angels, conditions of lightning and image visibility under interference of humidity and body lotions) in reference person on two venipuncture sites. Results Devices have different technical characteristics and vary in optimal distance for good quality image (18–30 cm), number of presented veins (1–4), image dimension (6.0–90.3 cm2), length (1.5–8.0 cm) and thickness (2–5 mm) of the dominant blood vessel. Devices present different image visibility under different viewing angels, conditions of lightning and interference of humidity and body lotions (from good quality to unusable images). Conclusion Transillumination devices differ in their technical characteristics and performance. The choice of the device should be based on the needs of the particular patient population and the intended use of the device.

The development of lightning protection standards for petrochemical processing and storage facilities has progressed significantly over the past 20 years. Standard requirements have become more stringent and prescriptive. Understanding of the development and propagation of lightning has grown with the advent of 3D-detection systems. This is part 1 of a three-part primer on lightning protection systems (LPSs) for petrochemical production, storage, and processing facilities. Part 1 covers the basic science behind lightning strikes and the history of lightning research, protection systems, and models of attachment. The purpose of this article and this primer series is to update the design and operating engineer?s knowledge of lightning protection at petrochemical facilities and to increase worker and equipment safety in these facilities.

This paper describes lightning protection for mobile phone base stations by combining quarter wave short and open stubs. MPBS (Mobile Phone Base Stations) have antenna towers and are often installed on the top of mountains. Therefore they have a high probability of lightning strikes.The most important lightning protection system is a bonding network and an earth system. All incoming services should be bonded at the entry to the MPBS in order to obtain an equipotential environment for all systems. And SPD (Surge Protective Device) should be installed at the entry to the BTS（ Base Transceiver Station）. As an SPD, either a GDT or λ/4 short stub was used. However, conventional SPD such as a GDT and λ/4 short stub cannot completely prevent the lightning surge current diverging to the BTS side. Therefore we have developed an insulated coaxial SPD that allows lightning surges to be discharged to the ground while passing signals without loss by combining the λ/4 short stub and the λ/4 open stub. The performances of this newly developed product were as follows. Insertion loss was less than 0.1dB, VSWR was less than 1.15 and voltage protection Level Up was 80V

Currently, due to the increase in the average speed of vehicles to ensure their visibility, the luminous intensity of their lightning equipment is constantly increasing, that can lead to blindness of other road users, especially at night. On the other hand, if you do not increase the luminous intensity if lanterns, a vehicle will not be noticeable in difficult road conditions (fog, rain, dust) and it can cause an accident. To eliminate this contradiction, a fundamentally new modular design of the adaptive rear combined vehicle light with non-replaceable light sources based on single powerful light emitting diodes and effective secondary optics of large diameter has been developed in the paper. The design provides for the use of an integrated microcontroller to control luminous intensity of its lights, depending on the conditions of external illumination, braking dynamics of a car and surface condition of a lamp diffuser with the possibility of transmitting data via a CAN-bus. Thanks to the built-in microcontroller, the developed flashlight is suitable for installation on vehicles without an on-board computer. These properties allow the flashlight to ensure visibility of a vehicle, and to avoid blinding the remaining road users. The design of the adaptive lamp is small in thickness (up to 40 mm), high luminous efficiency (at least 85 %) and reliability. The conducted lightning tests have shown that the developed lamp fully complies with UN Regulation No 6, 7, 23, 38, 48. The design has been compared with existing analogues of foreign production, which showed that such a lamp consumes less energy (30 %) and has a lower probability of failure due to the use of high-power LEDs used as a light source.

The ongoing and increasing interest in HTAP (Hybrid Transactional and Analytical Processing) systems documents the intense interest from data owners in simultaneously running transactional and analytical workloads over the same data set. Much of the reported work on HTAP has arisen in the context of "greenfield" systems, answering the question "if we could design a system for HTAP from scratch, what would it look like?" While there is great merit in such an approach, and a lot of valuable technology has been developed with it, we found ourselves facing a different challenge: one in which there is a great deal of transactional data already existing in several transactional systems, heavily queried by an existing federated engine that does not "own" the transactional systems, supporting both new and legacy applications that demand transparent fast queries and transactions from this combination. This paper reports on our design and experiences with F1 Lightning, a system we built and deployed to meet this challenge. We describe our design decisions, some details of our implementation, and our experience with the system in production for some of Google's most demanding applications.

Advocacy is an integral part of child and youth care workers’ roles and a significant component of child and youth care politicized praxis and radical youth work. Drawing from the qualitative data of a mixed-methods study conducted in 2019 at a Canadian metropolitan university, this study seeks to unpack how the pedagogy of the lightning talk can foster advocacy skills to effectively and spontaneously speak out with and on behalf of children, youth, and families in everyday practice when an unforeseen systemic challenge or barrier arises. A purposive sample of 70 undergraduate students was recruited in two child and youth care courses, both of which required students to present a lightning talk. Participants completed an online questionnaire with closed-ended and open-ended questions in order to share their perspectives of the pedagogy of the lightning talk. The findings show that the lightning talk fosters twenty-first century and metacognitive skills and, most importantly, advocacy skills.

The traditional lightning arrester and fuse are installed separately with double cross arms, which has high installation material cost, long working time at height, and too many installation nodes are not conducive to later maintenance. The lightning protection fuse combination device shares an insulating base between the lightning arrester and the fuse, saving 1/2 of the material cost and installation time. A new type of thermal loss of excitation disconnector is built in the arrester part of the combined device, which can safely separate the aging arrester from operation, so that the arrester can be maintenance-free and live replacement.

Automatic Electrification of Street Lights can eliminate different restrictions and difficulties identified with traditional (manual) lightning system. A common thing that can be observed in both urban and rural areas is the street lights that glow not only during night but also all day long. The cumulative amount of power that is wasted by all the lights due to improper switching is a lot. Also, in the present world of automation, manual switching of lights (Deng Huaqiu, Cao Yong, Xue Huaqiang, “An Intelligent Control of LED Street Lamp Based on Illumination Sensing” (Merrin Prasanna and Polaiah in Int J Control Autom 13(2):416–427, 2020 [1]), 2015 Fifth International Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technologies (CSNT)) seems to be outdated. Our idea is to build a circuit that can detect whether it is Day/Night by sensing the sunlight and turn the lights ON during day time, OFF during night time automatically without any human intervention. Besides automatic switching we have included a WiFi switch with which the lights can be controlled remotely. This device doesn’t need any modifications in the existing system, it is just connected in series between the power source and the lights.

To strike a ball moving at lightning speeds in baseball, tennis and cricket, athletes and coaches are increasingly embracing training techniques involving virtual reality. To strike a ball moving at lightning speeds in baseball, tennis and cricket, athletes and coaches are increasingly embracing training techniques involving virtual reality.

Lightning Network, the off-chain solution to Bitcoin, uses a combination of source routing, layered encryption and conditional commitments to perform anonymous and atomic multi-hop off-chain payments. The three predominant routing clients used in Lightning - LND, c- Lightning and Eclair - differ in their cost functions for adding channels to a payment path and hence result in differ paths. At the moment, there is no detailed study on how the different path selections affect the quality of the payment in terms of effectiveness and efficiency. Such an evaluation is needed to i) allow users to make informed choices of which client to use, and ii) enable developers of new routing algorithms to take lessons learned from the current designs into account. In this work, we analyze and compare the three predominant routing clients used by Lightning in terms of the path length, maximal delays a payment might experience, fee borne by the sender and success rate of multi-hop transactions. Based on our experiments and results, we recommend LND for users desiring payments with short paths and high success rates, c- Lightning for users desiring paths with low maximal latencies, and Eclair for those looking for cheap paths in terms of fees paid to the nodes that route payments as intermediaries. We further give guidelines for the design of future routing algorithms based on our insights gained from Lightning's current routing.

The aims of this study are to identify the type of address terms found in an English novel entitled Percy Jackson & The Olympians: The lightning thief, to identify translation techniques used by the Indonesian translator to translate the address terms, and to describe translation quality of address terms in the novel entitled Percy Jackson & The Olympians: The lightning thief.It is a qualitative study of which data are words and phrases accommodating address terms in English as source text and it’s translation as target text. The data were collected through content analysis and focus group discussion. The collected data were then analyzed based on data analysis model which is proposed by Spradley.There are 15 types of address term found in the novel. The translator uses established equivalent to translate type of address terms in the novel, such as title, generic first name, mockery name, etc. She also uses pure borrowing to translate first name, diminutive name, last name, etc. The accuracy and the acceptability of the translation of the address terms are quite high. It is a result of the application of established equivalent technique and pure borrowing.

In the last 10 years, single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) has undergone exponential growth. Emulsion droplets methods1–3, such as those commercialized by 10x Genomics, have allowed researchers to analyze tens of thousands of cells in parallel in a robust and reproducible way. However, in contrast to SMART-based full-length sequencing protocols4,5, these methods interrogate only the outer portion of the transcripts and still lack the required sensitivity for analyzing comprehensively the transcriptome of individual cells. Building upon the existing SMART-seq forerunners protocols4,5, we developed FLASH-Seq (FS), a new scRNA-seq method which displays greater sensitivity while decreasing incubation times and reducing the number of processing steps compared to its predecessors. The entire FS protocol - from lysed cells to pooled cDNA libraries - can be performed in ~4.5 hours, is automation-friendly and can be easily miniaturized to decrease costs.

Bseing provided an adequate telecommunications bonding infrastructure is one of the primary concerns for telecommunications cabling designers and installers for new and existing installations. Although not considered a safety ground where ground-fault current is concerned, the telecommunications bonding infrastructure has importance where the components are intended to equalize potentials in the event of lightning, electrostatic discharge, electromagnetic interference, and other transient events that may be imposed on it, or within telecommunications spaces. Very recently, several telecommunications design groups with varying responsibilities for data center, military encryption, and commercial facilities have explored feasible options in providing an equipotential plane for their telecommunications bonding infrastructure, especially in locations where exposed metal frame of the building is not available; the most prominent of these options being the use of the ac equipment grounding conductor system due to the abundance of metallic surface area utilized for the ac premises wiring system. This article is intended to present field-testing data and draw technical conclusions from the same so as to verify whether the equipment grounding system is viable as an alternative bonding infrastructure plane that can achieve the same effect as the standard practices in place today.

Upward lightning studies took place in Rapid City, South Dakota, USA and S. Paulo, Brazil during the summer thunderstorm seasons from 2011 to 2016. One of the main objectives of these campaigns was to evaluate and characterize the triggering of upward positive leaders from tall objects due to preceding nearby flash activity. 110 upward flashes were observed with a combination of high- and standard-speed video and digital still cameras, electric field meters, fast electric-field antenna systems, and for two seasons, a Lightning Mapping Array. These data were analyzed, along with correlated lightning location system data, to determine the triggering flash type responsible for the initiation of upward leaders from towers. In this paper, we describe the various processes during flash activity that can trigger upward leaders from tall objects in the USA and in Brazil. We conclude that the most effective triggering component is the propagation of the in-cloud negative leader during the continuing current that follows a positive return stroke.

With the development of new lithium-ion cell chemistries that provide comparatively safer designs with good power and energy densities, there is a large uptake of these cell types for such applications as portable electronics and battery-driven electric vehicles, and more recently their use as a power source for the starter lightning and ignition (SLI) of internal combustion engine vehicles. This review article looks at a range of factors specific to its application as a SLI battery in light of some of the technology challenges and market opportunities. The advantages of a lithium-ion SLI battery would primarily be in terms of its longer cycle-life and weight reduction when it is considered as a ‘drop-in’ replacement option for the existing lead-acid battery, which has dominated the SLI application market for the last 100 years. Aspects of safety, cost, design and testing specifications were considered in light of the emerging European battery legislations on the use of restrictive materials in vehicles. A brief overview of the life-cycle analysis and the increased demand for the recycling of lithium-ion batteries was done and its implications for both types of SLI batteries being able to be recycled effectively and be part of a circular economic product.

This paper clarifies the optimal control strategy of Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES), which has the parallel execution of Lightning Search algorithm with Artificial Neural Network and Recurre...

Game developer team especially indie game developer mostly has small number of members and sometimes unbalanced team composition. Sometimes it has more artist than programmer, sometimes it is the opposite. At the same time, consumer will choose game that has a beautiful graphics. This demands of good graphic game can cause problem to unbalanced developer team. Therefore it is needed to know techniques that can utilize many artist or many programmer to create good graphic games. In this articles, we introduce some techniques to create special lightning effects of characters skills in Unity3D. Some of them can be created with good artistic skill. It means that this technique make use of your artist. The other technique created procedurally using Line Renderer from Unity 3D. This technique is friendly for artist since it utilze programmer. At the end of this article, all of those technique will be tested in their performance of its lightness and speed.

The game of chess offers an enabling environment for the study of basic cognitive decision making processes where different types of memories are involved. The aim of the present study was to describe and compare the brain electrical activity pattern of chess players in two different situations under time pressure to make the move: rapid, 15 min, plus 10 s additional time per move and lightning, a one-minute game. Thus, lightning game offers an appropriate environment to isolate memory chunks and rapid game will offer the perspective of a working memory task. Encephalogram (EEG) recordings were obtained while a total of 14 male chess players (age: 35.36 ± 13.77 and ELO: 1921.07 ± 170.67) played lightning and rapid chess games. Results indicate that different activity patterns between the rapid and the lightning games were found. Increments in theta power during lightning game in posterior regions could indicate that theta power might be related with chunks retrieval. Moreover, right hemisphere is more activated in chess games, probably caused by visuospatial processing. These brain patterns characterizations could be useful for chess training or clinicians in the field of neuroscience.

A computer-aided design system (CAD) for the protection from lightning of the unit substations and overhead power lines was developed. A software package containing a calculation model of areas protected from direct lightning strikes, backflashover of the primary and secondary insulation, induced pulse voltage in the secondary circuits, protection from lightning of the power lines, and protection of power substations against the lightning overvoltage along with the overhead power lines was developed. A database of the generic solutions for protection from lightning was developed, it being a structured collection of files containing the layout of buildings and equipment at the substation and the arresters’ layout plan with taking into account the electromagnetic compatibility. A database for earthing arrangement of arresters is the structured set of the typical arresters earthing. In order to find the required generic solution, the user selects the desired file by parameters using the standard tools for working with Windows files. On the basis of the regulatory documents on system and software engineering, the procedure for verification of the computer programs, to be applied as a part of the CAD for the protection from lightning of substations and overhead power lines, was developed. The verification procedure is based on testing of computer programs, as part of the developed system, using test sets containing the test cases. Test cases and test sets for testing the computer programs were developed. The computer-aided design system (CAD) allows significantly reducing the cost for designing of the protection from lightning and improving the quality of the projects.

RoCEv2 (RDMA over Converged Ethernet version 2) is the canonical method for deploying RDMA in Ethernet-based datacenters. Traditionally, RoCEv2 runs over the lossless network which is in turn achieved by enabling Priority Flow Control (PFC) within the network. However, with the scale of data center increases, PFC’s side effects, such as head-of-line blocking, congestion spreading, and PFC storms, are amplified. Datacenter operators can no longer tolerate these problems. They are seeking PFC alternatives for RDMA networks. Rather than aim at the lossless RDMA network, we instead handle packet loss effectively to support RDMA over Ethernet.In this paper, we propose Lightning, a switch building block to enhance RoCE’s simple loss recovery. Lightning enhances the switches to send loss notifications directly to the sources with high priority, thus informing sources as quickly as possible. Then, sources can retransmit packets sooner. By addressing challenges such as that shared buffer status is not available at ingress in modern switches, Lightning generates loss notification only when the expected packet is dropped and filters other unexpected packets at ingress, so as to avoid timeouts and prevent unnecessary congestion from unexpected packets. We implement Lightning on commodity programmable switches. In our evaluation, Lightning achieves up to 16.08× reduction of 99.9th percentile flow completion time compared to PFC, IRN and other alternatives.

For interconnection networks, stability and security of networks in each country are of major importance for companies of generation and transmission of electrical energy and an objective of several research laboratories. For obvious technical and economic reasons, it is not possible to build networks free of malfunctions; they are particularly exposed at least to natural aggressions like lightning. Networks are therefore affected by disturbances that might affect the equipment durability and the quality of service provided and despite the existence of many traditional technical methods of stability, one always look for new methods that can improve the service quality. For this purpose, we will try in this thesis to address this issue through initially a thorough description of the interconnection network Algeria / Tunis then using the recorded incidents statistics, we focused our study on the disturbed line 220KV between AL Aouinette and Tajerouine with a proposed solution is to install a power transformer-type shifter "PST"

This article presents the results of experimental tests of a measuring system dedicated to the study of lightning phenomena. A wireless non-real-time communication arrangement was used as a prototype to protect the system by overvoltage and electromagnetic noise generated by high-current pulses. All data were collected after analog-to-digital conversion in the RAM of the measuring probe and then transmitted to the recorder after the surge current disappeared. The current generator creates electromagnetic disturbances resulting from its work and those arising from the impulse generated at the output. The wireless measuring system ensures safe operation and avoids measurement disturbances by resigning from the physical connection of the probe and the recorder. The proposed solution enables simultaneous (synchronous) measurement at many points, regardless of the location (for convenient change of the measurement site without cables or optical fibers). Long battery life allows measurements in the laboratory or on the test site without a power source. High accuracy of the measured signal value was obtained thanks to the 16 bit resolution, and the device parameters can be remotely modified. The wireless connection guarantees the safety of people and equipment throughout the laboratory.

The paper presents a short analysis of benefits and disadvantages of multi-circuit overhead lines operation. Nowadays, the problem to build a new overhead line is a very difficult one because of land cost and different properties crossed by it, environmental impact, opposition of large public etc. Therefore, the solution to use same tower to support many circuits, with same or different rated voltage, also for AC and DC systems is very attractive. The main advantage is that of use of a narrow corridor to transmit a large amount of power. But other problems must be solved in order to make this type of line working properly, from solving the mutual influence of the circuits to lightning protection and up to the low frequency electromagnetic fields profile recorded near to ground.

Design of the intelligent construction engineering frame based on the communication information visualization is presented in this paper. High-rise intelligent buildings are different from low-rise buildings. They have higher requirements for high and low voltage power distribution systems and lightning and fire protection. Therefore, when the actual electrical design is carried out, the optimization design should be focused on, so as to provide the necessary guarantee for people's living safety. Based on this, the paper proposes the 2 aspects of the novelties. (1) The realization of the cost minimization enables network engineers and designers to the focus on the network optimization, especially to make the changes in general mobile communication more obvious. The novel communication method is designed for the improvement of the system. (2) Correction warning information must be transmitted to the processing platform in the shortest time, and the processing results should be fed back to the alarm platform. The novel information mode is designed to be applied for the system.

Incorrect adjustment of railway traffic control devices (rtc) to the specificity of the area in terms of lightning density may result in their damage by lightning-caused electromagnetic pulses. An associated risk assessment, as the standard in the analyses of the strength of rtc devices, should be made. However, manufacturers of rtc devices typically do not perform tests with respect to such high overvoltage conditions. Particularly in the case of the EN 62305-2 standard, the manufacturers of new rail traffic control devices usually do not carry out such analyses. In this paper, an analysis of the damage vulnerability of rtc devices caused by lightning discharges for a selected structure, including a signal box equipped with digital rtc devices is presented. The necessity of conducting a lightning damage vulnerability analysis for rtc devices is demonstrated. A part of the railway track where lightning discharges occur was analyzed. The results of the risk analysis obtained with the use of the DEHN Risk Tool software and based on the standard EN 62305-2 (2008, Lightning protection. Part 2. Risk management) are presented. Due to the fact that railway devices are not included in the current standard, three documents were adopted for the analysis: two editions of EN/IEC 62305-2 (from 2008 and 2012) and the recommendations of the ITU-International Telecommunication Union ITU-T K.39 (10/1996). The presented analysis is performed according to the 2008 standard version and to the chosen device.

With the continuous development of the modern construction industry, electrical installation occupies an extremely important position in the construction process of modern construction projects, and has a great impact on the normal operation of the project itself. In actual construction, relevant units and personnel need to strengthen the attention and application of lightning protection and grounding technology to avoid the hazards of lightning disasters to the internal electrical equipment and personnel safety of the building, thereby promoting the progress and development of the building itself and the industry. In this regard, the article first explains the concept of building electrical lightning protection grounding technology and analyzes the significance of lightning protection grounding technology applied to building electrical installations and related measures. Finally, specific quality management countermeasures to ensure the operation normality and stability of modern building internal electrical engineering is proposed. The proposed method is to ensure the overall safety of the building, thereby promoting the healthy development of my country’s construction industry and society.

Profile-guided binary optimization has proved to be an important technology to achieve peak performance, particularly for large-scale binaries that are typical for data-center applications. By applying the profile data at the same representation where sampling-based profiling is collected, binary optimizers can provide double-digit speedups over binaries compiled with profile-guided optimizations using similarly collected profile data. The main blocker for adoption of binary optimizers in practice is the overhead that they add to the already long and demanding build pipelines used for producing highly optimized binaries, which already include aggressive compiler optimizations guided by profile data and also link-time optimizations. This paper addresses the overheads of binary optimizers in the context of BOLT, a modern and powerful open-source binary optimizer. More specifically, this paper describes Lightning BOLT, which is an improved version of the BOLT binary optimizer that drastically reduces BOLT’s processing time and memory requirements, while preserving BOLT’s effectiveness in improving the final binary’s performance. Using a set of real-world data-center and open-source applications, we show that Lightning BOLT speeds up BOLT’s processing by an average of 4.71× and reduces BOLT’s memory consumption by 70.5% on average. Furthermore, Lightning BOLT also provides an adjustable mechanism to further reduce BOLT’s overheads at the cost of some lost performance for the final binary.

With the growth of the power grid, the distribution network, which is the end of the power grid, faces problems such as difficult fault location and labor shortages. This paper proposes a fault location algorithm based on the existing distribution network automation information system. The data for the fault location algorithm come from the equipment ledger, telemetry signals, fault location information system, and lightning location information system. Fault location algorithms include multi-interval optimal fault location algorithms and a combination of deep optimal search and breadth optimal search. A set of fault location systems is designed, and historical fault data are imported for experimental verification. The results show that the fault location system based on this algorithm has accurate system positioning and a fast response, which greatly reduces the time for fault finding.

Motivation The query for the number of reads overlapping a given region is a common step in the analysis of Illumina sequencing data. Sometimes, these queries are not conveniently precomputable. It seems beneficial to make this kind of arbitrary query as fast and convenient as possible. Results We present Bathometer, a tool that indexes BAM files in a space efficient way, which allows ad hoc queries for the number of reads overlapping any given genomic region to be answered much more quickly than by counting with common tools such as Samtools, while incurring much less disk I/O. Availabilityand implementation Bathometer is implemented in C, licensed under the GNU General Public License version 3+ and freely downloadable from Bitbucket (https://bitbucket.org/ustenzel/bathometer) Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

The Lightning Network is a second layer payment protocol built on the Bitcoin network. Since the lightning network enables off-chain transactions, it improves the throughput of the Bitcoin platform and thus extends the scalability of the Bitcoin network. There have been many security, privacy and robustness problems occurred in the Lightning Network. Though there have been some works researched on these problems. It is still unclear what types of attack the Lightning network is facing and why these attacks occurred. In this work, We provide a systematic exposition of the Lightning network in terms of properties, security and privacy issues. We first present a detailed technical point of the Lightning Network to enable a more insightful analysis of Lightning Network's operating mechanism and find out the existing problems of the Lightning Network. Additionally, we analyze the security, privacy and robustness issues of the Lightning Network. Finally, we list the existing solutions and propose some possible solutions to the above mentioned issues.

Off-chain networks provide an attractive solution to the scalability challenges faced by cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin. While first interesting networks are emerging, we currently have relatively limited insights into the structure and distribution of these networks. Such knowledge, however is useful, when reasoning about possible performance improvements or the security of the network. For example, information about the different node types and implementations in the network can help when planning the distribution of critical software updates. This paper reports on a large measurement study of Lightning, a leading off-chain network, considering recorded network messages over a period of more than two years. In particular, we present an approach and classification of the node types (LND, C-Lightning and Eclair) in the network, and find that we can determine the implementation of 99.9% of nodes in our data set. We also report on geographical aspects of the Lightning network, showing that proximity is less relevant, and that the Lightning network is particularly predominant in metropolitan areas. As a contribution to the research community, we will release our experimental data together with this paper.

Throughout the history, technical solutions were formed due to necessity of solving specific problem with usage of tools, mechanisms and similar devices. All of the solutions need to satisfy certain requirements so that final product is technologically and economically acceptable and relative to user requirements, at the same time. For that reason, with development of diode technology, LED (Light Emitting Diode) lightning solution imposed as an eligible method for surface lightening. In recent period, it is noticed that LED diodes can triple their light-emitting power. This property is one of the primary reasons that have led to modern light sources which use LED solutions.

The age of digitalization and innovation has hit the health care sector like a lightning bolt. Especially the process of dealing with the corona crisis has shown the need for digital communication, digital networking, telemedicine, and more. The influence of digitalization in health care is stronger than ever. Dentistry is already undergoing a digitalization process. The digital workflow starts with paperless clinics, meaning the whole documentation and patient management system is digitally driven. Dental imprints can be taken with an oral surface scanner, then the captured data can be optimized on-screen and sent to a CAD-CAM center, or milled in the clinic’s own laboratory (using systems such as Cerec from Sirona or Tizian from Schutz Dental Group). Orthodontic treatment is also digitalized, and information for dental lab technicians can be transferred digitally too. Radiology and imaging services in a dental practice are usually digital, so there is no need to search for X-rays in filing cabinets, and the pictures are available quickly and easily on the servers.

The development of IoT applications is lightning fast in terms of technology and solutions in all areas of life. This brings opportunities and challenges wireless sensor network which requires low-power and long-range devices. LoRa technology is a new wireless communication standard designed to address these challenges. The industrial LoRaWAN protocol shows its ability for long-range data transmission, long autonomy, and high scalability. In this paper, we propose to experiment with a LoRaWAN network for IoT applications in Danang City area. Evaluation of LoRa coverage in real-life measurement shows an average communication range of 6 km with a maximum distance of 26 km.

Payment channel networks, and the Lightning Network in particular, seem to offer a solution to the lack of scalability and privacy offered by Bitcoin and other blockchain-based cryptocurrencies. Previous research has focused on the scalability, availability, and crypto-economics of the Lightning Network, but relatively little attention has been paid to exploring the level of privacy it achieves in practice. This paper presents a thorough analysis of the privacy offered by the Lightning Network, by presenting several attacks that exploit publicly available information about the network in order to learn information that is designed to be kept secret, such as how many coins a node has available or who the sender and recipient are in a payment routed through the network.

Bitcoin (BTC) pseudonyms (layer 1) can effectively be deanonymized using heuristic clustering techniques. However, while performing transactions off-chain (layer 2) in the Lightning Network (LN) seems to enhance privacy, a systematic analysis of the anonymity and privacy leakages due to the interaction between the two layers is missing. We present (Please, find the full version of this paper with appendix at https://arxiv.org/abs/2007.00764.) clustering heuristics that group BTC addresses, based on their interaction with the LN, as well as LN nodes, based on shared naming and hosting information. We also present linking heuristics that link \(45.97\)% of all LN nodes to \(29.61\)% BTC addresses interacting with the LN. These links allow us to attribute information (e.g., aliases, IP addresses) to \(21.19\)% of the BTC addresses contributing to their deanonymization. Further, these deanonymization results suggest that the security and privacy of LN payments are weaker than commonly believed, with LN users being at the mercy of as few as five actors that control 36 nodes and over \(33\%\) of the total capacity. Overall, this is the first paper to present a method for linking LN nodes with BTC addresses across layers and to discuss privacy and security implications.

Detection of substation equipment can promptly and effectively discover equipment overheating defects and prevent equipment failures. Traditional manual diagnosis methods are difficult to deal with the massive infrared images generated by the autonomous inspection of substation robots and drones. At present, most of the infrared image defect recognition is based on traditional machine learning algorithms, with low recognition accuracy and poor generalization capability. Therefore, this paper develops a method for identifying infrared defects of substation equipment based on the improvement of traditional ones. First, based on the Faster RCNN, target detection is performed on 6 types of substation equipment including bushings, insulators, wires, voltage transformers, lightning rods, and circuit breakers to achieve precise positioning of the equipment. Afterwards, different classes are identified based on the sparse representation-based classification (SRC), so the actual label of the input sample can be obtained. Finally, based on the temperature threshold discriminant algorithm, defects are identified in the equipment area. The measured infrared images are used for experiments. The average detection accuracy achieved by the proposed method for the 6 types of equipment reaches 92.34%. The recognition rate of different types of equipment is 98.57%, and the defect recognition accuracy reaches 88.75%. The experimental results show the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method.

The Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWA) has already started to gain a notorious adoption in the Internet of Things (IoT) landscape due to its enormous potential. It is already employed in a wide variety of scenarios involving parking lot occupancy, package delivery, smart irrigation, smart lightning, fire detection, etc. If messages from LPWA devices can be manipulated or blocked, this will violate the integrity of the collected information and lead to unobserved events (e.g., fire, leakage). This paper explores the possibility that violates message integrity by applying a reactive jamming technique that disrupts a Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) network. As shown in this paper, using low-cost commodity hardware based on Arduino platform, an attacker can easily mount such an attack that would result in completely shutting down the entire LoRaWAN network with high probability. Several countermeasures are introduced to reduce the possibility of jamming attacks.

This lightning round talk presented at the 2021 NC Serials Conference discussed a Penn Libraries project to open up their deep serials backfiles. The presenters outlined steps they took to research...

The speedy approach used to tackle SARS-CoV-2 could change the future of vaccine science. The speedy approach used to tackle SARS-CoV-2 could change the future of vaccine science.

Substation is the bridge between power plant and load, and it is the place where high-quality energy is transported. And China's power technology has been in the world's top level, because of the complex terrain in China, so the design of power station should consider the impact of terrain factors, economic factors, and future development factors and so on. Therefore, smart substation design is worthy of our research and innovation. Installation of lightning arrester can effectively reduce the threat of lightning.

The safe and reliable power supply provided by State Grid gives convenience for our life. At the same time, it also plays a central role in the construction and development of country. However, the working environment of State Grid is under high voltage. In order to prevent personal electric shock, damage equipment and lines, prevent fire and lightning, prevent electrostatic damage and ensure the power system operation, the staff must install grounding piles according to the power operation specification. To tackle this problem, this paper proposes a grounding pile detection system based on deep learning network. First, cameras can acquire images of these monitored areas in real time. Then, these images are transmitted to the grounding pile detection system for detection. A warning will be given if it is found that workers have not installed the grounding piles in the monitored areas in accordance with the specifications. At present, there is no research on grounding pile detection. So we created our own dataset. Through experiments, our system achieves 92.00% accuracy, 97.50% accuracy and 13.5% false alarm rate in our dataset.

Live work techniques can provide practical solutions for uninterrupted power flow maintenance on critical electrical infrastructures such as HVDC lines; however, there are potential risks including both electrical and mechanical aspects that need to be addressed. All transmission line components are designed to withstand maximum mechanical load under defined weather conditions; similarly, the insulation is selected to withstand normal operating overvoltage and meet defined reliability levels under various impulse or transient overvoltage such as switching, lightning, etc. Due to safety, live work is allowed under defined limited weather and electrical operating conditions only. Utilities are also mandated to comply with various relevant live work codes and standards based on national and local government regulations. Developing a HVDC line live work O&M plan is a comprehensive task and utilities often share their experience with each other. ATCO has contributed HVDC live work experience towards updating live work chapter in EPRI HVDC Reference Book. This paper provides practical support and reference to assess electrical insulation requirements on live work on HVDC lines.