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Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, accounting for one-third of all global deaths. The World Health Organization (WHO) asserts that prevention is the most effective strategy to combat CVD, emphasizing the need for non-invasive, low-cost tools to identify individuals at high risk of CVD. Atherogenic indices and heart age (HA) are valuable tools for assessing cardiovascular risk (CVR). The aim of our study was to evaluate the association between atherogenic indices and HA. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 139,634 Spanish workers to determine the association between three atherogenic indices and HA. ROC curves were employed to identify the cut-off values for the various atherogenic indices used to estimate high HA. The cut-off points, along with their sensitivity, specificity, and Youden index, were determined, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. Results: As the values of the atherogenic indices increased, so did the risk of having elevated avoidable lost life years (ALLY) HA. In the ROC curve analysis, the AUC with the best results corresponded to the total cholesterol/HDL-c atherogenic index, with an AUC of 0.803 in females and 0.790 in males. The LDL-c/HDL-c atherogenic index showed an AUC of 0.780 in women and 0.750 in men, with Youden indices around 0.4. When analyzing the AUC of the atherogenic index for triglycerides/HDL-c, the results were 0.760 in women and 0.746 in men. Conclusions: Atherogenic indices and HA show a close relationship, with an increase in these indices leading to a rise in HA values. Raising patient awareness that as their CVR levels increase, so does their HA may be useful in achieving some benefit in reducing CVR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between Emotional Intelligence (EI) and lifestyle choices during the COVID-19 pandemic is obscure and not very well understood. To clarify the mechanisms underlying this relationship, we proposed to test the hypothesis that different coping styles (avoidant and approach) have an indirect effect on the association between EI and many types of lifestyle habits. A cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2020 and January 2021. Our target sample consisted of Lebanese adults from the general population. In path analysis, approach coping mediated the association between EI and different lifestyle habits (rest, nutrition, general physical conditions), but not exercise. Furthermore, avoidant coping did mediate the association between EI and general physical conditions, but not between EI and other lifestyle choices (namely rest, exercise, and nutrition). To conclude, individuals with high EI, and that are users of approach coping strategies to deal with stressors, have increased rest time, healthy nutrition and general physical conditions. This cautiously implies that fostering approach coping may help improve the positive effects of EI on healthy lifestyles during crises such as this pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This qualitative study explores the experiences of women after cancer treatment in terms of habit changes and mental health impact. Method: The study involved 10 women who had undergone cancer treatment, recruited from three major hospitals in Hanoi, Vietnam. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, which were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: The findings of the study shed light on the various factors influencing lifestyle behavior and mental health changes among women after cancer treatment. Ten participants, aged 39 to 64 years, shared experiences including dietary changes, sleep disruptions, and reliance on non-scientific sources for health decisions. Initially shocked by their diagnosis, many transitioned to acceptance, adopting a “giving-in” attitude. Cultural beliefs, word-of-mouth sharing, and social support networks played significant roles in shaping post-treatment lifestyle changes, coping mechanisms, information-seeking behaviors, and mental health. Conclusion: The study highlights the need for accessible and scientifically verified information for women after cancer treatment to make informed decisions about their health. It emphasizes the importance of addressing traditional beliefs and promoting evidence-based practices. Moreover, the study underscores the importance of social support and relationships in coping with the challenges of post-cancer experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-restorative sleep (NRS) affects not only individuals' health, but also company productivity, highlighting the importance of measures in the workplace to improve sleep. This study aimed to examine the clustering of the presence of restorative sleep (RS) and lifestyle habits in a Japanese working population and to explore the characteristics of these clusters. The subjects were 58,150 Japanese working men aged 40−59 years who underwent health check-ups across the country from April 2015 to March 2016. Data for the presence of RS, the frequency and amount of drinking, smoking/exercise habits, and body mass index obtained from health check-ups were clustered with latent class analysis. In addition, the characteristics of each cluster were examined from the perspectives of lifestyle-related disease-associated blood test results obtained from health check-ups and the status of medical treatment at medical institutions as determined from medical claims data. Consequently, RS and lifestyle habits were found to form five clusters. The "NRS, no exercise, drinkers" cluster showed the highest probability of not achieving RS. An "Obese, occasional binge drinkers" cluster with a higher percentage of patients with sleep-apnea syndrome and a "Nondrinkers" cluster with proportions of those taking sleeping pills/anxiolytics and antidepressants/antipsychotics were observed. Furthermore, the "Daily smokers and drinkers" and "RS and drinkers" clusters showed a relatively high probability of achieving RS. These findings suggest that some individuals may not be aware of the sleep disorders caused by their drinking and smoking habits. Measures to improve sleep must be tailored to the characteristics of each cluster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has dramatically tested health services all over the world. Since being hit by the first wave of the epidemic in the spring of 2020 and the second wave in the autumn of the same year, Italy has been one of the countries most affected. For frontline healthcare workers (FHWs) the two waves posed different problems. In the first phase of the outbreak, the sudden overload of work, the lack of protective equipment, fear of infection, insufficient knowledge of safety procedures, and uncertainty about treatment criteria were among the major problems. Materials and methods: With this broad perspective in mind, to grasp the complexity of the problem, we performed, as also suggested by Greenhalgh and colleagues (16), a narrative review. Result: Most of the participants (31.1%) were non-smokers and nondrinkers. About 22 (24.4%) of the doctors modify their life style and 60 (66.7%) used home remedies as preventive methods against this viral infection. Despite decreased financials, a majority of healthcare workers 65 (72.2%) did not feel harassed and took pride in their work. Conclusion: In our study longitudinal study of weight changes, eating patterns, physical activity, and psychological factors among a specified group of FHWs. The findings contribute to the current body of growing evidence to best understand how pandemic-induced life style disruptions shape health behaviors and weight change among FHWs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Vitamin D deficiency is a common public health issue worldwide. The purpose of this study was to investigate the vitamin D status and its potential determinants in children residing in Sardinia (40°N), Italy. Methods: Children were enrolled over a 12-month period. Serum 25(OH)D was measured by an immunochemiluminescence assay. A questionnaire was used to gather information on other variables, including passive smoke exposure. Results: A total of 182 children (males: 51.7%; median age: 9 years) were included. Mean±standard deviation serum 25(OH)D was 25.2±8.3 ng/mL for the whole group. The majority (n=123, 67.6%) had vitamin D sufficient values >20 ng/mL, while 32.4% (n=59) had vitamin D insufficient/deficient values (≤20 ng/mL). Among the variables investigated, passive smoke exposure was significantly associated with insufficient 25(OH)D levels (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Our results confirm that hypovitaminosis D is common in Italian children. Furthermore, passive smoke exposure was identified as a significant risk factor for hypovitaminosis D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lobstering industry workers are known to have poor overall health and low safety records, but there is still a gap in information concerning Canadian lobster fishers. This study aimed to report occupational health and safety characteristics of an Atlantic Canada community of lobster fishers and to assess differences between captains and deckhands. Twenty-eight participants (10 captains, 18 deckhands) were questioned and self-reported on lifestyle, general health status, work-related musculoskeletal disorders and traumatic injuries. The data collected reveal both groups' high prevalence of cardiometabolic and musculoskeletal health issues. Captains reported more occupational exposition and health issues, and showed poorer lifestyle habits than deckhands. Fishers reported potential solutions to reduce occupational risks, presented as three types: lifestyle, working behaviours and leadership. This study evaluated a community of Canadian lobster fishers regarding their occupational health and safety. Potential avenues for mitigating occupational risk specific to this community will nurture future implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective was to evaluate changes in fitness after an integrated neuromuscular training (INT) intervention in primary school children and to evaluate how lifestyle behaviors and parental education modulate these changes. One hundred and seventy children (7.45 ± 0.34 years; 52% girls) were included. Cardiorespiratory fitness (half-mile run test), a 10 × 5 m shuttle run test, standing broad jump (SBJ), handgrip dynamometer, body mass index (BMI) and fat mass percentage (FM%) were assessed before and after the 3-month intervention (20 min of INT in the physical education class, twice per week). The Mediterranean diet (MD), sleep time and parental education level (PEL) were evaluated by questionnaires, and adherence to physical activity (PA) recommendations was measured with a triaxial accelerometer before the intervention. After the intervention, there were improvements in the 10 × 5 test and the SBJ. Only girls had improvements in the handgrip test, BMI SDS and FM%. After correcting for confounding variables, only BMI was significantly improved whereas strength improved in the participants non-compliant with the PA recommendations or pertaining to families of high PEL. The INT produced improvements in fitness in a brief period and in different subgroups of pupils (inactive and with diverse sociocultural environments). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Vitamin D deficiency is a common public health issue worldwide. The purpose of this study was to investigate the vitamin D status and its potential determinants in children residing in Sardinia (40°N), Italy. METHODS: Children were enrolled over a 12-month period. Serum 25(OH)D was measured by an immunochemiluminescence assay. A questionnaire was used to gather information on other variables, including passive smoke exposure. RESULTS: A total of 182 children (males: 51.7%; median age: 9 years) were included. Mean±standard deviation serum 25(OH)D was 25.2±8.3 ng/mL for the whole group. The majority (n=123, 67.6%) had vitamin D sufficient values >20 ng/mL, while 32.4% (n=59) had vitamin D insufficient/deficient values (≤20 ng/mL). Among the variables investigated, passive smoke exposure was significantly associated with insufficient 25(OH)D levels (p

This study aimed to examine the relationship between changes in lifestyle habits and presenteeism change according to sex. This retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from health checkups, the World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (WHO-HPQ) short form, and health insurance claims for 9366 Japanese corporate employees in 2015 and 2016. Changes in 11 lifestyle habits of sleeping, eating, exercise, drinking, and smoking were classified into four patterns by combining lifestyle habits (good/poor): (a) no worsening, (b) worsening, (c) no improvement, and (d) improvement. A multiple regression analysis was conducted for each sex, with changes in the WHO-HPQ score as the objective variable, lifestyle habits change (worsening or improvement) as the explanatory variables, and age, job position, department, diseases, lifestyle habits, and WHO-HPQ score at baseline as adjustment variables. The results showed worsening of good lifestyle habits, such as sleeping, regular exercise, and frequency of drinking in men, while sleeping in women was associated with negative changes in the WHO-HPQ score. On the other hand, the improvement of poor lifestyle habit of sleeping was associated with positive changes in the WHO-HPQ score. These findings suggest that maintaining good lifestyle habits of sleeping for both sexes, and exercising and drinking for men, may be beneficial in maintaining work performance, while improving the poor lifestyle habit of sleeping for women may be beneficial in improving work performance.

Abstract Background Lifestyle and habits, cardiovascular risk factors (CRF), bone and mental health, dietary habits, physical activity, among others are developed in childhood and adolescence. Family environment has shown to play an important role in these outcomes. However, whether the parent-child relationship lifestyle habits and health parameters can be influenced by physical activity patterns still unclear. The objective of this study will be to monitor and investigate the associations between lifestyle habits between parents and their children longitudinally, as well as verify whether in more active parents, the possible associations with lifestyle habits are different from those of parents considered less active. Methods The sample will consist of parents (father, mother, or both) and their children /adolescents. The participants will be recruited through public call by flyers spread across all the regions of the city and also through social media. The health parameters will include cardiovascular (cardiac autonomic modulation, blood pressure and resting heart rate), bone mineral density, anthropometric indices, handgrip strength, mental health (quality of life, anxiety and depression symptoms and stress), self-reported morbidities and musculoskeletal pain. Lifestyle habits will include physical activity levels, sedentary behavior, sleep parameters, eating patterns, smoking and alcohol consumption. Sociodemographic variables of age, sex, ethnicity and socioeconomic status will be considered as covariates. The follow-up visits of data collection will be scheduled after a period of 12 months from the baseline assessment during every twelve months. Discussion The family environment has great potential to determine lifestyle habits in children and adolescents. Based on the results presented in the present study, we hope that health promotion actions can be better designed in the family environment.

Abstract Background The way physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) independently and interactively modify the age‐related decline in physical capacity remains poorly understood. This cross‐sectional study investigated the independent and interactive associations of PA and SB with physical function and performance throughout the adult life course. Methods Data from 499 community‐dwelling adults (63% female) aged 20–92 years, involved in the INSPIRE Human Translational Cohort, were used in this cross‐sectional study. Daily time spent on moderate‐to‐vigorous PA (MVPA, min/day) and SB (h/day) was measured with activPAL triaxial accelerometers. Physical function and performance were assessed through the measurement of the 4‐m usual gait speed (m/s), handgrip strength (kg), lower‐limb strength (isokinetic knee extension torque, N·m), estimated lower‐limb power (five‐time chair‐rise test performance, s) and cardiorespiratory fitness (V̇O2max, mL/kg/min). Confounder‐adjusted multiple linear and curvilinear regressions were performed to investigate how MVPA, SB and their interactions were associated with the physical outcomes (all square root‐transformed except gait speed) throughout the adulthood spectrum. Results Interaction analyses revealed that the combination of higher levels of MVPA with lower levels of SB favourably reshaped the negative relationship between handgrip strength and age (age2 × SB × MVPA: B = −7E‐08, SE = 3E‐08, P

Background: Physical activity has been shown to be effective in treating and improving anxiety in college students. However, no studies have been conducted to examine the relationship between physical activity and anxiety in college students through mediating factors such as dietary nutrition and lifestyle habits. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the mediating role of lifestyle and dietary nutrition in the relationship between physical activity and anxiety. Methods: This study used a stratified random sampling method to survey 498 college students from three universities in Fujian, China. Data on participants' demographic characteristics, physical activity, lifestyle habits, and dietary nutrition were collected and analyzed using SPSS software. The proposed structural equation model was analyzed using Amos software. Results: The results of the study showed that dietary nutrition and lifestyle habits had significant independent mediating effects and continuous multiple mediating effects (p < 0.01) in the effects of physical activity on college students' anxiety. Dietary nutrition and lifestyle habits played an independent mediating role, accounting for 24.9% of the total effect; there was also a continuous multiple mediating effect between dietary nutrition and lifestyle habits, accounting for 13.27% of the total effect value. In addition, physical activity had a direct effect value on anxiety in college students, accounting for 36.93% of the total effect value. Conclusion: By increasing the behavior and awareness of college students to participate in physical activity, supplemented by guiding them to develop regular lifestyle habits and correct dietary nutritional patterns, the anxiety level of college students can be effectively improved and reduced. This type of regulation is an important reference for the self-management and rehabilitation of college students with anxiety disorders. Future studies can experimentally develop a combined intervention of physical activity, lifestyle habits, and dietary nutritional to help college students better cope with anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Equol is metabolized by intestinal bacteria from soy isoflavones and is chemically similar to estrogen. Dietary habits, such as consumption of soy products, influence equol production. A relationship between glaucoma and estrogen has been identified; here, we investigated the relationship between equol production status and glaucoma in Japan. Methods: We recruited 68 normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) patients (male to female ratio 26:42, average age 63.0 ± 7.6 years) and 31 controls (male to female ratio 13:18, average age 66.0 ± 6.3 years) from our hospital. All women included were postmenopausal. Urinary equol concentration was quantified with the ELISA method. MD was calculated based on the Humphrey visual field. The association between MD and equol was analyzed with Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare the equol-producing (> 1 μM) and non-producing (< 1 μM) subjects. We also investigated the association between equol and glaucoma with a logistic regression analysis. Results: There was a significant association between equol and MD (r = 0.36, P < 0.01) in the NTG patients. Glaucoma, represented by MD, was significantly milder in the equol-producing subjects than the non-equol producing subjects (P = 0.03). A multivariate analysis revealed the independent contributions of equol, cpRNFLT, and IOP to MD (P = 0.03, P = 0.04, and P < 0.01, respectively). Conclusion: Our results suggest that equol, acting through estrogen receptor-mediated neuroprotective effects, might be involved in suppressing the progression of NTG. This result also adds to evidence that glaucoma may be influenced by lifestyle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lifestyle and habits, cardiovascular risk factors (CRF), bone and mental health, dietary habits, physical activity, among others are developed in childhood and adolescence. Family environment has shown to play an important role in these outcomes. However, whether the parent-child relationship lifestyle habits and health parameters can be influenced by physical activity patterns still unclear. The objective of this study will be to monitor and investigate the associations between lifestyle habits between parents and their children longitudinally, as well as verify whether in more active parents, the possible associations with lifestyle habits are different from those of parents considered less active. Methods: The sample will consist of parents (father, mother, or both) and their children /adolescents. The participants will be recruited through public call by flyers spread across all the regions of the city and also through social media. The health parameters will include cardiovascular (cardiac autonomic modulation, blood pressure and resting heart rate), bone mineral density, anthropometric indices, handgrip strength, mental health (quality of life, anxiety and depression symptoms and stress), self-reported morbidities and musculoskeletal pain. Lifestyle habits will include physical activity levels, sedentary behavior, sleep parameters, eating patterns, smoking and alcohol consumption. Sociodemographic variables of age, sex, ethnicity and socioeconomic status will be considered as covariates. The follow-up visits of data collection will be scheduled after a period of 12 months from the baseline assessment during every twelve months. Discussion: The family environment has great potential to determine lifestyle habits in children and adolescents. Based on the results presented in the present study, we hope that health promotion actions can be better designed in the family environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the quantitative research results of a comprehensive study titled "Current Profile of Older Adults in Castilla-La Mancha (Spain)." The study aims to understand and describe the characteristics of individuals aged 65 and above within this autonomous region, with a focus on the variables of sex, age, and habitat. A cross-sectional approach was employed, utilizing quantitative methods to collect data. To gather information, a customized questionnaire was developed to address the study objectives, covering various aspects such as sociodemographic factors, living conditions, leisure activities, social participation, and cultural interests. The survey was conducted via telephone, ensuring representation by employing gender quotas, age-group stratification, and considerations for habitat size. A representative sample of 1,065 participants was included in the study. The findings reveal a degree of homogeneity in the lifestyles of older adults, with discernible variations influenced by factors such as sex, habitat, and age. These results shed light on the diverse habits and experiences of older adults, emphasizing the significance of habitat conditions, social participation, and the aging process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AimsCardiac conduction disease can lead to syncope, heart failure, and death. The only available therapy is pacemaker implantation, with no established prevention strategies. Research to identify modifiable risk factors has been scant.Methods and resultsData from the Cardiovascular Health Study, a population-based cohort study of adults ≥ 65 years with annual 12-lead electrocardiograms obtained over 10 years, were utilized to examine relationships between baseline characteristics, including lifestyle habits, and conduction disease. Of 5050 participants (mean age 73 ± 6 years; 52% women), prevalent conduction disease included 257 with first-degree atrioventricular block, 99 with left anterior fascicular block, 9 with left posterior fascicular block, 193 with right bundle branch block (BBB), 76 with left BBB, and 102 with intraventricular block at baseline. After multivariable adjustment, older age, male sex, a larger body mass index, hypertension, and coronary heart disease were associated with a higher prevalence of conduction disease, whereas White race and more physical activity were associated with a lower prevalence. Over a median follow-up on 7 (interquartile range 1-9) years, 1036 developed incident conduction disease. Older age, male sex, a larger BMI, and diabetes were each associated with incident conduction disease. Of lifestyle habits, more physical activity (hazard ratio 0.91, 95% confidence interval 0.84-0.98, P = 0.017) was associated with a reduced risk, while smoking and alcohol did not exhibit a significant association.ConclusionWhile some difficult to control comorbidities were associated with conduction disease as expected, a readily modifiable lifestyle factor, physical activity, was associated with a lower risk.

Introduction: Cases and severity of presentation of youth-onset type 2 diabetes (Y-T2D) increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, yet the potential drivers of this rise remain unknown. During this time public health mandates paused in-person education and limited social interactions, resulting in radical lifestyle changes. We hypothesized that the incidence and severity of presentation of Y-T2D increased during virtual learning amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: We conducted a single-center retrospective chart review to identify all newly diagnosed cases of Y-T2D (n = 387) at a pediatric tertiary care center in Washington, DC during three predetermined learning periods as defined by learning modality in Washington, DC Public Schools: pre-pandemic in-person learning (March 11, 2018–March 13, 2020), pandemic virtual learning (March 14, 2020–August 29, 2021), and pandemic in-person learning (August 30, 2021–March 10, 2022) periods. Results: Incident cases were stable during pre-pandemic in-person learning (3.9 cases/month, 95% CI: 2.8–5.4 cases/month), increased to a peak during virtual learning (18.7 cases/month, 95% CI: 15.9–22.1 cases/month), and declined with return to in-person learning (4.3 cases/month, 95% CI: 2.8–6.8 cases/month). Y-T2D incidence was 16.9 (95% CI: 9.8–29.1, p < 0.001) and 5.1-fold higher (95% CI: 2.9–9.1, p < 0.001) among non-Hispanic Black and Latinx youth, respectively, throughout the study period. Overall COVID-19 infection rates at diagnosis were low (2.5%) and were not associated with diabetes incidence (p = 0.26). Conclusions: This study provides timely insights into an important and modifiable correlate of Y-T2D incidence, its disproportionate impact on underserved communities, and the need to consider the effects on long-term health outcomes and preexisting healthcare inequities when designing public policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With a view to better documenting care practices influenced by the lifestyle habits of diabetics, research is being carried out to analyse the biopsychosocial aspect of COVID-19 in diabetics in Mali from 2020 to 2023. This crosssectional study describes the biopsychosocial aspect of COVID-19 among diabetics in Mali between March 2020 to December 2023. Findings suggest an association between psychologist consultation and physical exercise, alcohol and cigarette consumption (p <0.05) during the pandemic. As well, we found an increase in diabetic complications and physical exercise, alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking (p <0.05) during the pandemic. Lifestyle habits during COVID-19 have altered the health status of individuals living with diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mental health is defined as a state of emotional, psychological, and social well-being, and has been shown to be positively associated with self-esteem and quality of life. It is important to note that mental health is dynamic and influenced by a wide range of social, biological, and behavioral factors. Therefore, the aim this study was to describe the health-related quality of life and self-esteem in adolescents, examining their relationship with various health indicators, lifestyle habits, and sociodemographic variables. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of 761 students (14.51 ± 1.63 years). Health-related quality of life, self-esteem, satisfaction with body image, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, physical activity practice, hours of nightly sleep, maximum oxygen consumption, body mass index, academic performance, and various sociodemographic factors of all participants were analyzed. Results: Regression analysis showed that body satisfaction and academic performance were associated of both health-related quality of life and self-esteem. Additionally, physical activity, age, and favourable settings for physical activity engagement were also found to be related to health-related quality of life, whilst adherence to the Mediterranean diet, hours of nightly sleep, maximum oxygen consumption and socioeconomic status were associated with self-esteem. Conclusions: Given the associations found between health-related quality of life and self-esteem with lifestyle habits and sociodemographic indicators, there is an urgent need to develop interdisciplinary and cross-cutting promotion strategies to improve the mental health of adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In Sweden, population‐based targeted health dialogues are an important part of health promotion and disease prevention in primary health care. Targeted health dialogues are performed with a pedagogical approach to allow individuals to reflect over their resources, situation and motivation to change lifestyle habits together with a healthcare professional. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore healthcare professionals' experiences of targeted health dialogues in primary health care. Methods: Three focus group interviews were conducted with 20 healthcare professionals. The interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results: The main category A possibility to promote healthy behaviours and prevent disease describes how the targeted health dialogues were experienced as a valuable opportunity to promote health among inhabitants. The significance of the primary healthcare centre's health promotion and prevention strategies was emphasised to enable the targeted health dialogues as a part of the assignment to promote health. These strategies were expressed as shared focus and organisational space and support making it possible for example to reach all socioeconomic groups. The work with targeted health dialogue was described as a complex task requiring extensive competence. Furthermore, the pedagogical tool including the visual health profile was experienced to have an important impact on the dialogue offering direction for actions to promote health and prevent disease. Conclusions: Targeted health dialogues can be a valuable opportunity for healthcare professionals in primary health care to promote a healthy lifestyle among inhabitants. Certain preconditions at both the meso‐ and the micro level is however required for this to come about. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate lifestyle habits in health and non-health science students from the University of Split, Croatia, and to evaluate their association with perceived stress and psychological well-being. We surveyed 783 students during February–March 2021. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used in the analysis. Health science students spent less time using screens, were sitting less, slept less, but also showed better compliance with the Mediterranean diet compared to non-health science students (10.6% vs. 5.9%). There were no differences in stress and well-being perception between the two study groups. Female gender, lack of sleep, less daily sitting time, anxiety, and lower optimism were associated with higher stress in non-health science students, while anxiousness and more sitting were found to be significant among health students. Well-being among health science students was positively associated with BMI, having had COVID-19, being refreshed after waking up during working days, Mediterranean diet adherence, health perception, optimism, and quality of life, and negatively with TV time and anxiousness. Shorter sleep duration on non-working days, feeling refreshed after waking up on non-working days, higher quality of life and optimism, and lower anxiousness were associated with higher well-being among non-health students. Identifying unhealthy lifestyle habits in students is essential for implementing targeted interventions to better their health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been associated with a broad range of health-related issues. Unhealthy lifestyle habits such as physical inactivity, an unhealthy diet, smoking, and alcohol consumption are hypothesized to contribute to this association. However, the lifestyle habits of individuals with OCD have been scarcely investigated. In this international survey, we explored the physical health and lifestyle habits of adults with a self-reported diagnosis of OCD. Methods An online global survey available in seven languages was disseminated through interest organizations and social media between July 2021 and March 2022. The survey included questions relating to socio-demographic variables and clinical characteristics (including OCD symptom severity – as measured with the 12-item self-report scale Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory [OCI-12] – and psychotropic medication), physical health, and lifestyle habits. Frequencies and percentages, or means and standard deviations, as appropriate, were calculated. Subgroup analyses by OCD symptom severity, gender, and age group were performed. Results A total of 496 individuals with OCD completed the survey and were included in the analyses (mean age = 36.0 years, SD = 12.5, range 18–79; 78.8% women). Most participants were from Europe (n = 245, 49.4%) and North America (n = 187, 37.7%). OCD symptom severity scores were on the moderate range (OCI-12 mean score = 21.2, SD = 9.1). A majority (n = 354, 71.4%) reported having comorbid somatic health issues, mainly allergies, gastrointestinal conditions, and cardiometabolic conditions. Nearly half of the sample (n = 236, 47.6%) reported a body mass index ≥ 25, corresponding to at least overweight. A significant proportion of the participants reported low physical activity (n = 271, 55.0%), unhealthy dietary habits (n = 182, 36.7%), risk consumption of alcohol (n = 111, 22.3%), and non-restorative sleep (n = 268, 54.0%). Subgroup analyses showed overall similar results across groups, with some exceptions. Conclusions In this sample, individuals with OCD self-reported a range of health-related issues and a number of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, most prominently a lack of physical activity. Interventions aimed at modifying unhealthy lifestyles to prevent or improve health conditions beyond the psychiatric symptoms should be considered.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, accounting for one-third of all global deaths. The World Health Organization (WHO) asserts that prevention is the most effective strategy to combat CVD, emphasizing the need for non-invasive, low-cost tools to identify individuals at high risk of CVD. Atherogenic indices and heart age (HA) are valuable tools for assessing cardiovascular risk (CVR). The aim of our study was to evaluate the association between atherogenic indices and HA. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 139,634 Spanish workers to determine the association between three atherogenic indices and HA. ROC curves were employed to identify the cut-off values for the various atherogenic indices used to estimate high HA. The cut-off points, along with their sensitivity, specificity, and Youden index, were determined, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. Results: As the values of the atherogenic indices increased, so did the risk of having elevated avoidable lost life years (ALLY) HA. In the ROC curve analysis, the AUC with the best results corresponded to the total cholesterol/HDL-c atherogenic index, with an AUC of 0.803 in females and 0.790 in males. The LDL-c/HDL-c atherogenic index showed an AUC of 0.780 in women and 0.750 in men, with Youden indices around 0.4. When analyzing the AUC of the atherogenic index for triglycerides/HDL-c, the results were 0.760 in women and 0.746 in men. Conclusions: Atherogenic indices and HA show a close relationship, with an increase in these indices leading to a rise in HA values. Raising patient awareness that as their CVR levels increase, so does their HA may be useful in achieving some benefit in reducing CVR.

Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been associated with a broad range of health-related issues. Unhealthy lifestyle habits such as physical inactivity, an unhealthy diet, smoking, and alcohol consumption are hypothesized to contribute to this association. However, the lifestyle habits of individuals with OCD have been scarcely investigated. In this international survey, we explored the physical health and lifestyle habits of adults with a self-reported diagnosis of OCD. Methods: An online global survey available in seven languages was disseminated through interest organizations and social media between July 2021 and March 2022. The survey included questions relating to socio-demographic variables and clinical characteristics (including OCD symptom severity – as measured with the 12-item self-report scale Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory [OCI-12] – and psychotropic medication), physical health, and lifestyle habits. Frequencies and percentages, or means and standard deviations, as appropriate, were calculated. Subgroup analyses by OCD symptom severity, gender, and age group were performed. Results: A total of 496 individuals with OCD completed the survey and were included in the analyses (mean age = 36.0 years, SD = 12.5, range 18–79; 78.8% women). Most participants were from Europe (n = 245, 49.4%) and North America (n = 187, 37.7%). OCD symptom severity scores were on the moderate range (OCI-12 mean score = 21.2, SD = 9.1). A majority (n = 354, 71.4%) reported having comorbid somatic health issues, mainly allergies, gastrointestinal conditions, and cardiometabolic conditions. Nearly half of the sample (n = 236, 47.6%) reported a body mass index ≥ 25, corresponding to at least overweight. A significant proportion of the participants reported low physical activity (n = 271, 55.0%), unhealthy dietary habits (n = 182, 36.7%), risk consumption of alcohol (n = 111, 22.3%), and non-restorative sleep (n = 268, 54.0%). Subgroup analyses showed overall similar results across groups, with some exceptions. Conclusions: In this sample, individuals with OCD self-reported a range of health-related issues and a number of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, most prominently a lack of physical activity. Interventions aimed at modifying unhealthy lifestyles to prevent or improve health conditions beyond the psychiatric symptoms should be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) stands out as a distinctive repository of visceral fat, positioned in close anatomical and functional proximity to the heart. EAT has emerged as a distinctive reservoir of visceral fat, intricately interlinked with cardiovascular health, particularly within the domain of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The aim of our overview is to highlight the role of EAT as a marker for cardiovascular risk in children. We also explore the influence of unhealthy lifestyle habits as predisposing factors for the deposition of EAT. The literature data accentuate the consequential impact of lifestyle choices on EAT dynamics, with sedentary behavior and unwholesome dietary practices being contributory to a heightened cardiovascular risk. Lifestyle interventions with a multidisciplinary approach are therefore pivotal, involving a nutritionally balanced diet rich in polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, regular engagement in aerobic exercise, and psychosocial support to effectively mitigate cardiovascular risks in children. Specific interventions, such as high-intensity intermittent training and circuit training, reveal favorable outcomes in diminishing the EAT volume and enhancing cardiometabolic health. Future clinical studies focusing on EAT in children are crucial for advancing our understanding and developing targeted strategies for cardiovascular risk management in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a clinical condition with a prevalence of up to 25% in Western countries. Typical GERD symptoms include heartburn and retrosternal regurgitation. Lifestyle modifications, including diet, are considered a first-line therapeutic approach. To evaluate the impact of life habits on GERD in this cross-sectional study, we used data collected through an online survey from 1146 participants. GERD was defined according to the Montreal Consensus. For all participants, clinical and lifestyle characteristics were recorded. Overall, 723 participants (63.1%) consumed a diet including animal food (non-vegans), and 423 participants (36.9%) were vegans. The prevalence of GERD was 11% (CI 95%, 9–14%) in non-vegans and 6% (CI 95%, 4–8%) in vegans. In the multivariate analysis, after adjusting for confounding factors, subjects on a non-vegan diet were associated with a two-fold increase in the prevalence of GERD compared to vegans (OR = 1.96, CI 95%, 1.22–3.17, p = 0.006). BMI and smoking habits were also significantly associated with GERD. This study shows that an animal food-based diet (meat, fish, poultry, dairy, and eggs) is associated with an increased risk of GERD compared to a vegan diet. These findings might inform the lifestyle management of patients with GERD-related symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic brought about significant life disruptions among healthcare workers (HCWs), including changes in weight, eating habits, and physical activity. This qualitative study sought to evaluate the initial and longitudinal effects of health habits among HCWs throughout the pandemic. Data were collected through Qualtrics surveys at three points over a 2-year period with questions asking participants (n = 234) to describe whether they experienced changes in weight, eating behaviors, and physical activity and why they believe these changes occurred. The open-ended responses were analyzed following the summative content analysis approach. Four key themes emerged: (1) problematic eating patterns and habits, (2) disruptions in physical activity, (3) alterations in work environment and schedule, and (4) declines in mental health. Respondent reflections highlight the immediate and long-term pandemic-related effects on weight status for some, attributed to alterations in routines and health habits. Other HCWs reported a "reset" or indicated their habits may have been initially disrupted but normalized or improved over the 2-year time span. Findings underscore the need for strategies that support the physical and mental health of healthcare workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beverages and drinks play a significant role in maintaining the integral health of individuals. The aim of this study is to discover the pattern of beverage consumption in different groups of the Spanish population and to investigate its relationship with other nutritional variables and habits. To achieve the objectives, an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted. For data collection, a questionnaire was designed and validated that explored different beverage and food consumption variables as well as socio-demographic and lifestyle variables. The instrument was disseminated, among the Spanish young adult population, through snowball sampling using social networks, collecting a sample of 17,541 valid surveys. Bivariate comparative analyses and correlation analyses were performed, and finally, the principal component analysis (PCA) method was used in order to study the relationships between variables related to drinking and health. The main results show significant differences in the pattern of beverage consumption between the socio-demographic variables of sex, age and educational level, as well as between different areas of Spain, while the PCA model shows the relationship between the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages with the Healthy Nutrition Index of the population and sport practice. Based on the results of the study, the following conclusions were reached: the beverage consumption pattern of the Spanish population is affected by socio-demographic variables. Healthier drinking habits affect the nutrition and health of the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives The present study clarified the prevalence of poor sleep quality and its relation to lifestyle habits, competitive-based activities, and psychological distress among Japanese student-athletes in the initial pandemic period (2020) and 1 year later (2021).

Abstract Background Climate change, health inequalities and obesity are considerable public health challenges of the 21st century. Red and processed meat (RPM) consumption is associated with an increased risk of obesity and with higher climate impact. At the same time, educational inequalities exist not only in RPM consumption and obesity but also in other health behaviours. Thus, we investigated whether educational inequalities exist in the association between RPM consumption and obesity, while also considering health behaviours (physical activity, vegetable, legume and fruit consumption, alcohol consumption and smoking) as potential confounding and effect modifying factors. Methods The FinHealth 2017 Study data, including 4494 participants aged 18–74 years, were used. A validated food frequency questionnaire was employed to determine dietary intake. Height and weight were measured by trained study nurses. Linear and logistic regression models were used. Results Odds of obesity increased along with RPM consumption in women (p

Osteoporosis, a condition that primarily affects postmenopausal women and senior adults, presents a substantial public health dilemma despite its subtle manifestations. It is frequently dubbed the "silent disease of the twenty-first century." Osteoporosis is characterised by an imbalance in bone resorption and formation. The study was conducted over the course of one year in a 300-bed hospital, involving 150 patients. Individuals between the ages of 51 and 60 have an increased risk of developing osteoporosis and osteopenia, according to this study. In comparison with males, osteoporosis predominantly impacts women. Low bone mineral density among low-income populations as a result of inadequate nutrition, a high incidence of osteopenia and osteoporosis among postmenopausal women, and vitamin D deficiency among people living in cities are all contributory factors to the prevalence of osteoporosis in India. According to estimates, a considerable proportion of individuals in India suffer from osteoporosis and hip fractures at an earlier stage than in Western nations. We used the WHO's FRAX online instrument to ascertain the risk of fracture in this study. The management of this condition encompasses a wide range of aspects. For both men and women, pharmacological treatments such as denosumab, risedronate, alendronate, zoledronic acid, and bisphosphonates are among the treatment options for osteoporosis. In addition, nonpharmacological approaches to management are advised, including weight-bearing exercise, nicotine cessation, adequate calcium and vitamin D consumption, and fall prevention techniques. Individualised treatment options should be made based on risk-benefit analysis, patient preferences, fracture risk profile, and cost. The primary objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive examination of the existing diagnostic techniques, therapeutic approaches, and potential lifestyle modifications for osteoporosis.

The objective was to evaluate changes in fitness after an integrated neuromuscular training (INT) intervention in primary school children and to evaluate how lifestyle behaviors and parental education modulate these changes. One hundred and seventy children (7.45 ± 0.34 years; 52% girls) were included. Cardiorespiratory fitness (half-mile run test), a 10 × 5 m shuttle run test, standing broad jump (SBJ), handgrip dynamometer, body mass index (BMI) and fat mass percentage (FM%) were assessed before and after the 3-month intervention (20 min of INT in the physical education class, twice per week). The Mediterranean diet (MD), sleep time and parental education level (PEL) were evaluated by questionnaires, and adherence to physical activity (PA) recommendations was measured with a triaxial accelerometer before the intervention. After the intervention, there were improvements in the 10 × 5 test and the SBJ. Only girls had improvements in the handgrip test, BMI SDS and FM%. After correcting for confounding variables, only BMI was significantly improved whereas strength improved in the participants non-compliant with the PA recommendations or pertaining to families of high PEL. The INT produced improvements in fitness in a brief period and in different subgroups of pupils (inactive and with diverse sociocultural environments).

Abstract Background After the COVID-19 outbreak, many Chinese high school students have increased their dependence on electronic devices for studying and life, which may affect the incidence of neck and shoulder pain (NSP) in Chinese adolescents. Methods To evaluate the prevalence of NSP in high school students and its associated risk factors during COVID-19, a survey was conducted among 5,046 high school students in Shanghai, Qinghai, Henan and Macao during the second semester and summer vacation of the 2019–2020 academic year. The questionnaire included questions regarding demographic characteristics, the prevalence of NSP and lifestyle factors such as sedentary behavior, poor posture and electronic device usage. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the possible influencing factors for neck and shoulder pain. Results A total of 4793 valid questionnaires (95.0%) were collected. The results indicated that the prevalence of NSP was 23.7% among high school students. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that female gender (P

Abstract Background Endometriosis and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) have similar symptoms, pathogenesis, and risk factors. These diagnoses often coexist and are frequently misdiagnosed leading to diagnostic delays. This study of a population-based cohort aimed to investigate associations relating to endometriosis and IBS and to compare gastrointestinal symptoms between endometriosis and IBS. Method The study cohort included women from the Malmö Offspring Study with information about endometriosis and IBS diagnoses from the National Board of Health and Welfare. The participants answered a questionnaire about lifestyle habits, medical and drug history, and self-reported IBS. The visual analog scale for IBS was used to estimate gastrointestinal symptoms the past 2 weeks. Endometriosis diagnosis and self-reported IBS were used as dependent variables to study associations with age, body mass index (BMI), education, occupation, marital status, smoking, alcohol habits, and physical activity using logistic regression. Mann-Whitney U Test or Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to calculate the differences in symptoms between groups. Results Of the 2,200 women with information from medical records, 72 participants had endometriosis; 21 (29.2%) of these had self-reported IBS. Of the 1,915 participants who had answered the questionnaire, 436 (22.8%) had self-reported IBS. Endometriosis was associated with IBS (OR:1.86; 95%CI:1.06–3.26; p = 0.029), as well as with age 50–59 years (OR:6.92; 95%CI:1.97–24.32; p = 0.003), age ≥ 60 years (OR:6.27; 95%CI:1.56–25.17; p = 0.010), sick leave (OR:2.43; 95%CI:1.08–5.48; p = 0.033), and former smoking (OR:3.02; 95%CI:1.19–7.68; p = 0.020). There was an inverse association with BMI (OR:0.36; 95%CI:0.14–4.91; p = 0.031). IBS was associated with endometriosis (OR:1.77; 95%CI:1.02–3.07; p = 0.041) and sick leave (OR:1.77; 95%CI:1.14–2.73; p = 0.010), with a tendency to association with smoking (OR:1.30; 95%CI:0.98–1.72; p = 0.071). When excluding participants using drugs associated with IBS, the condition was associated with current smoking (OR:1.39; 95%CI:1.03–1.89; p = 0.033) and inversely with age 50–59 years (OR:0.58; 95%CI:0.38–0.90; p = 0.015). There were differences in the gastrointestinal symptoms between IBS and healthy participants, but not between endometriosis and IBS or healthy participants. Conclusion There were associations between endometriosis and IBS, without differences in gastrointestinal symptoms. Both IBS and endometriosis were associated with smoking and sick leave. Whether the associations reflect causality or depend on common risk factors and pathogenesis remains to be determined.

Smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, and physical inactivity are key lifestyle risk factors for cancer. Previously these have been mostly examined singly or combined as an index, assuming independent and equivalent effects to cancer risk. The aim of our study was to systematically examine the joint pairwise and interactive effects of these lifestyle factors on the risk of a first solid primary cancer in a multi-cohort prospective setting.We used pooled data from seven Finnish health survey studies during 1972–2015, with 197,551 participants diagnosed with 16,373 solid malignant primary tumors during follow-up. Incidence of any cancer was analyzed separately without and with lung cancers using Poisson regression with main and interaction effects of key lifestyle factors.When excluding lung cancer, the highest risk of any cancer in men was observed for smokers with a BMI of ≥25 kg/m2 (HR 1.36, 95 % CI 1.25–1.48) and in women for smokers consuming alcohol (HR 1.22, 1.14–1.30). No statistically significant interactions between any studied risk factor pairs were observed. When including lung cancer, the highest HRs among men were observed for smokers who consume alcohol (HR 1.72, 1.57–1.89) and among women for smokers who were physically inactive (HR 1.38, 1.27–1.49).Smoking combined with other lifestyle factors at any exposure level resulted in highest pairwise risks, both in men and women. These results highlight the importance of smoking prevention, but also the importance of preventing obesity and reducing alcohol consumption.

The relationship between food and the pathophysiological mechanisms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is unclear. There are few data on the impact of dietary habits on GERD symptoms and on the incidence of GERD in subjects undergoing plant-based diets. In this study, we investigated the association between diet and GERD, using data collected through an online survey of the Italian general population. In total, 1077 subjects participated in the study. GERD was defined according to the Montreal Consensus. For all subjects age, gender, body mass index (BMI), marital status, education, occupation, alcohol consumption, and smoking habits were recorded. All participants also completed the SF-36 questionnaire on Quality of Life. A total of 402 subjects (37.3%) were vegans and 675 (62.7%) non-vegans. The prevalence of GERD in the total population was 9%. Subjects with GERD-related symptoms recorded a worse quality of life according to SF-36 analysis (p < 0.05 for all dimensions). In multivariate analysis, after adjusting for confounders, participants undergoing a vegan diet had a significantly lower risk of GERD (OR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.28–0.81, p = 0.006). These findings should be taken into account to inform the lifestyle management of GERD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Farmacia is the property of Societatea de Stiinte Farmaceutice Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown on body mass index (BMI) z-score of adolescents treated for obesity, and to assess the correlation between BMI z-score changes and lifestyle variables. This cross-sectional study recruited 66 participants aged 11–18 years with overweight or obesity who attended our obesity clinics before and after the lockdown. We assessed demographic and anthropometric characteristics as well as lifestyle variables. The mean BMI z-score of the participants was stable during this period (p = 0.233). Balanced diet, snacking, and sweet beverage consumption improved in about half of the participants. Having at least one parent at home was associated with a significantly more balanced diet (p = 0.008) and an increase in family activities (p = 0.015). Physical activities decreased (51.5%) and screen time increased for most of the adolescents (86.4%). The BMI z-score decreased significantly when three or more lifestyle habits improved (p <0.001). This study showed that BMI z-scores were stable for a majority of adolescents treated for obesity during the COVID19 lockdown, along with positive and negative changes on weight-related lifestyle habits. This extraordinary period may have created opportunities for lifestyle modification and has emphasized the importance of family support in the management of obesity in adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic pain is defined as pain that persists or recurs for more than 3 months. This study focuses on neuropathic pain (NP) and fibromyalgia (FM) which are chronic pain states, and aims to identify lifestyle habits associated with their prevalence. Other neurological disorders are also analyzed as references. Association between the variable referring to disease prevalence (number of claims for reimbursement of marker drugs) and the variable for lifestyle habits/health examination results (collected from insured individuals aged 40–74 years) was determined by analyzing Japanese nationwide datasets, which were collected in 2018 and aggregated by prefecture. Pregabalin, donepezil, and levodopa were used as marker drugs for the chronic pain states, dementia-related diseases (Alzheimer's disease and Lewy body dementia) and Parkinson's disease (PD), respectively. Pearson's correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were conducted. Variables showing correlation coefficient (|r|)>0.5 were put into the multiple linear regression. Exercise habits (ꞵ=−0.3182), smoking habits (0.3218), daily drinking (0.2683), and alanine aminotransferase>51 U/L (0.2309) were finally incorporated in the equation for pregabalin (R2=0.7268). Walking speed (−0.4543) and daily drinking (0.5077) were incorporated in the equation for donepezil (R2=0.5718). The prevalence of chronic pain states is associated with lifestyle habits, just like the dementia-related diseases. Exercise in daily life is negatively associated with the prevalence of the chronic pain states, although excessive alcohol drinking, smoking, and high serum ALT are positively associated with it. The prevalence of PD seems less associated with lifestyle habits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic and associated social distancing measures affected the physical and emotional state of children and parents worldwide. Survivors of childhood cancer may be particularly vulnerable to these effects. We aimed to evaluate the lifestyle habits and emotional states of childhood cancer survivors and their parents during the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: Lifestyle habits and emotional distress were assessed in 43 childhood cancer survivors (aged 8–21 years) and their parents before and during the COVID-19 lockdown, using the PROMIS anxiety and depression modules and the "Mabat Youth" questionnaire. Results: Most parents (80.5%) reported eating more family meals during home confinement compared to their usual routine. Patients' physical activity levels did not change significantly during confinement, leisure-related screen time nearly doubled (p < 0.001), and sleep duration increased (p = 0.006). Anxiety levels of children (p = 0.045) and parents (p = 0.02) increased during confinement compared to pre-pandemic levels, with no significant changes in depression levels. Conclusions: Contrary to concerns regarding lifestyle habits during the COVID-19 lockdown, eating behaviors of childhood cancer survivors improved, sleep duration increased, and physical activity remained unchanged. Still, screen time increased significantly. Parents of childhood cancer survivors reported higher anxiety levels for themselves and their children during home confinement. Our findings may assist medical and psycho-social teams in guiding parents of cancer survivors during similar circumstances in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Enfances, Familles, Generations is the property of Enfances, Familles, Generations and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Tomoko Suzuki,1 Koji Wada,1,2 Michiko Nakazato,3 Toshiyuki Ohtani,4 Michiko Yamazaki,2 Shunya Ikeda1,2 1Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan; 2Department of Social Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan; 3Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan; 4Safety and Health Organization, Chiba University, Chiba, JapanCorrespondence: Tomoko Suzuki, Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3 Kozunomori, Narita, Chiba, 286-8686, Japan, Tel +81-476-20-7701, Fax +81-476- 28-1188, Email tsuzuki7@iuhw.ac.jp; tsuzuki2992@gmail.comPurpose: Most previous studies that described associations between adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and sociodemographic characteristics were focused on individuals diagnosed with ADHD, and few studies investigated ADHD traits in the general population. Additionally, some workers, who experienced no problems while at university and successfully graduated from university, developed ADHD traits after finding employment. This study described associations between ADHD traits and sociodemographic characteristics among Japanese workers who were university graduates.Patients and Methods: Participants were randomly selected workers (n=1240) from across Japan who completed a self-administered online survey. ADHD traits were measured using an adult ADHD Self-report Scale, with scoring rules applied to reflect the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition criteria. Information was collected on sociodemographic characteristics including sex, age, socioeconomic status, working time, and health-related behaviors. We performed partial correlation analysis to estimate trend associations and used analysis of covariance to compare adjusted averages. This model was adjusted for all variables.Results: Males had higher levels of ADHD traits than females (p = 0.001), and younger age was associated with higher levels of ADHD traits (p < 0.001). Workers with low incomes had higher levels of ADHD traits than workers with high incomes (p = 0.009). More frequent consumption of midnight meals was associated with higher levels of ADHD traits (p < 0.001), although there were no differences for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Those who did not get enough rest from sleep had higher levels of ADHD traits (p = 0.007).Conclusion: Results for high levels of ADHD traits among workers were consistent with previous studies for adults diagnosed with ADHD, even though all participants had successfully graduated from university. Assessment of these ADHD traits may support prevention of health deterioration related to these ADHD traits.Keywords: ADHD traits, eating habits, income, lifestyle habits, sleep, socioeconomic status

This study aimed to examine the frequency of temporomandibular disorder among biomedical students and relate its occurrence to lifestyle habits. A cross-sectional collection of data was carried out and included a total of 676 examinees through a questionnaire that had 73 questions: general information and lifestyle habits, the Fonseca Anamnestic index (FAI), the Jaw Function Limitation Scale (JFLS), and the Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ). The statistical analyses between three or more groups were conducted using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc Scheffé test or Kruskal–Wallis test with post hoc Dunn's test for quantitative variables. The comparison of qualitative variables was conducted using the Chi-square test, while the correlations were determined using Spearman's correlation test. The analysis showed that a higher frequency of moderate or severe TMD was observed in subjects who were smokers (p < 0.001) compared to non-smokers. Subjects who consumed more coffee had moderate to severe TMD compared to subjects who consumed a lesser amount (p < 0.001). Furthermore, a positive correlation between the amount of stress and the severity of TMD was found. Our study implies that students of biomedical studies have an increased risk for TMD and that there is a link with their lifestyle habits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]