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The impact of resource dependence on social economy and environment lacks empirical evidence at the micro level. This article uses data from A-share listed companies from 2011 to 2020 to construct an econometric model to empirically test the impact of resource dependence on ESG performance of enterprises. We find that the corporate ESG scores in regions with high resource dependence will decline. After a series of robustness tests such as replacing the dependent variable, controlling province time fixed effect, eliminating extreme effects, and eliminate provinces with high resource dependence, the conclusion of this article still holds. In addition, we alleviate the endogeneity problem caused by OLS estimation by constructing a dynamic panel model. Further analysis indicates that there are differences in the effect of resource dependence on enterprises sub-scores, with a significant negative impact on the environmental dimension and social dimension, and no significant impact on the governance dimension. It has a greater impact on the ESG score of SOEs and has no significant impact on non-SOEs. The empirical results of this paper enrich the research on the influencing factors of enterprise ESG performance, and further expand the research framework of the socio-economic consequences of enterprise resource dependence.

In this study, the surface and sub-layer structures of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membranes were effectively tailored by extruding different types of solvents at the outer layer of the polymer solution with a triple-orifice spinneret using the thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) process. The segregation of the diluent or PVDF chains to the interface between the extruded solvent and polymer solution was exploited to tailor the membrane surface structure. In contrast, the diffusion of extruded solvents having good compatibility with PVDF into the polymer solutions changed the phase separation mechanism and resulted in the formation of a novel composite-like structure (spherules connected by the bicontinuous network structure) in the sub-layer of the membrane. This membrane structure enhanced the permeation stability drastically. The membrane properties and structures are summarized based on the change in the competitive ternary interactions between the polymer, diluent, and extruded solvent, and could be used as a guide for selecting appropriate solvents to design and tailor membranes with desired structures and properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the contents of main components of copper/tin plating coating on the surface of hydraulic cylinder were compared and analyzed by potassium iodate titration method, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP - AES), scanning electron microscope (SEM/EDS) and X - ray energy spectrometer (EDX). Results showed that the tin contents measured by potassium iodate titration, ICP - AES, SEM/EDS and EDX were (7.30±0.17)%, (7.07±0.15)%, (4.33±0.47)% and(16.69±2.71)% respectively. ICP - AES was based on the spectral analysis of copper/tin plating coating solution, and its test result was similar to the component test result of potassium iodate titration method, which could represent the accurate content of plating coating components; SEM/EDS was a surface analysis method for the plating coating, and the test results were relatively low, reflecting the uneven tin content inside and outside the coating; EDX energy spectrometer was unable to focus and difficult to calibrate. Although the test was fast, the error was large. The test accuracy relied on the calibration of energy spectrometer and the focusing of sample surface. By comparing different test methods, it could be concluded that potassium iodate titration method, ICP - AES and SEM/EDS were all feasible to detect tin content in copper plating coating. Among the three methods, ICP - AES had highest accuracy, SEM/EDS had fastest test speed, potassium iodate titration method had lowest cost and accurate results. This work would provide test basis for field test.