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Young adults staying with parents is definitely a growing housing tenure in Australia. This paper, for the first time, unearths individual-level housing tenure choices of young Australians from the household-level data of owning/renting from the 2017 Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey. In addition to owner-occupation and private rental, the paper explores the influence of personal characteristics on two types of multigenerational co-residence: young adults who live with parents rent-free and pay board. The results show that, in Australia, young women are more independent in their housing tenure choices (i.e., owning and renting) in comparison to young men. There is a growing trend towards mature and high-earning young people living with parents for free, which might be explained by the aim of saving money to buy a house or investment property and also care arrangements for their elderly parents. Marital status has also a significant effect on housing tenure choices. Never married young adults prefer to live with parents either for free or pay board; while those divorced/separated or widowed prefer to rent privately to maintain their residential independency, after life circumstances changed. This study informs policy makers to provide more support to young adults in a fully or partly independent housing tenure (renting and paying board) in assisting them to climb up the housing career ladder—becoming a homeowner.

Summary Given the global and local social inequalities and the complex life circumstances of people living in poverty, social workers are called upon to broaden their knowledge with the purpose of developing social services that respond to the needs of this growing population. However, very little research has been done on the kind of knowledge that social workers require in order to care for this population. The present article focuses on the epistemological aspects of service development for people living in poverty and reviews three main issues: What is “poverty knowledge,” where does it come from, and what are the barriers to and opportunities for its development? These questions are investigated through a qualitative paradigm among social workers employed in Israel’s public social services. Findings Findings reveal a profound epistemological controversy about what poverty knowledge means: Is it objective, consistent, readily available, and transferrable knowledge, or is it a dynamic and reflexive process affected by a great number of fluctuating contexts? Findings stress the dominance of positivist views of poverty knowledge, mostly derived from practice while other sources of knowledge development, such as service users’ local knowledge, theory, and research knowledge were seen as less relevant to their needs. Applications Practical recommendations are offered relating to the need for poverty knowledge development processes in social services as well as in social-work education through collaborative, contextual, and reflective learning with and from service users and other stakeholders.

This study tests how changes in social background (homeownership status and employment status) and changes in household structure (marital status, number of children, and volunteering behaviors of other household members) influence an individual’s volunteering decision. We use a complex dataset from the US Current Population Survey Volunteer Supplements from 2002 to 2015. We captured the short-term “shock” effect of the changes in life circumstances on the changes in volunteering status; different factors influence start and stop in volunteerism in different ways. A person is more likely to start volunteering when the person became unemployed, when other household members increased their volunteering time, or got married, within a one-year period. Meanwhile, a person who experiences changes in employment, homeownership, or marital status, or has an increase in the number of children is more likely to stop volunteering. Based on the findings, we provide recommendations for those who are interested in volunteer management strategies.

The aim of this study was to examine the impact of end-of-life (EoL) circumstances on grief and internalizing symptoms among bereaved siblings. Bereaved families (N = 88) were recruited from three sites 3-12 months (M = 11.57, SD = 3.48) after their child's death from cancer. One sibling per family aged 8-17 years (M = 12.41, SD = 2.64) was randomly selected to participate. Families completed measures of siblings' grief and internalizing symptoms, as well as a structured interview about circumstances surrounding the death. Mother and sibling reports of EoL circumstances were generally concordant, except there was a discrepancy between mothers and children about whether or not children expected their sibling's death (t(75) = 1.52, p = .018). Mother reports of sibling internalizing symptoms were above the normative mean (t(83) = 4.44, p ≤ .001 (M = 56.01 ± 12.48), with 39% (n = 33) in the borderline/clinical range. Sibling opportunity to say goodbye was associated with greater grief-related growth (t(79) = - 1.95, p = .05). Presence at the death and wishing they had done something differently were both associated with greater grief (t(80) = - 2.08, p = .04 and t(80) = - 2.24, p = .028, respectively) and grief-related growth (t(80) = - 2.01, p = .048 and t(80) = - 2.31, p = .024, respectively). However, findings were primarily unique to sibling report, with few mother-reported effects. The adjustment of bereaved siblings may be affected by certain modifiable circumstances surrounding the death of their brother or sister. A proportion of bereaved siblings had elevated internalizing symptoms irrespective of circumstances at EoL. Further work is needed to understand predictors of adjustment among bereaved siblings to provide better support and optimize their outcomes.

One of the many problems posed by the collective effort to tackle COVID-19 is non-compliance with restrictions. Some people would like to obey restrictions but cannot due to their job or other life circumstances; others are not good at following rules that restrict their liberty, even if the potential consequences of doing so are repeatedly made very clear to them. Among this group are a minority who simply do not care about the consequences of their actions. But many others fail to accurately perceive the harms that they might be causing. One of the main reasons for this is that the harms done by transmitting COVID-19 to someone else are morally distant from the agent, particularly in cases where infection is asymptomatic. In this paper, I describe seven different aspects of moral distance in the context of COVID-19, explore how they affect (lack of) motivation to obey restrictions, and suggest several ways in which such moral distance can be reduced — primarily through enhanced-contact tracing that makes it clear to individuals and the public precisely who they could be harming and how.

Older adults and racial minorities are overrepresented in homeless populations. Shelter and housing options for homeless older adults who have complex health and social needs are necessary, but not readily available. Older homeless adults that require, but do not receive, health-sensitive, age-sensitive, and racial equity housing, remain vulnerable to poor outcomes and premature mortality. Accordingly, this study examines the development of a coalition to better address older adult homelessness within a racial equity framework. A community coalition was established to better address older adult homelessness within the lens of age-sensitivity and racial equity, due to a disconnect between healthcare and senior housing placement programs, creating unaddressed multifaceted health issues/complications. The community coalition development is described, including the coalition process, activities, and outcomes. Local rehoused older adults are also interviewed and described to better understand their central life circumstances.

The posthumous work of Roberto Bolano presents the intriguing theme of national identity and immigration. This work analyzes the difficult and ambivalent relationship that Chilean characters establish with their homeland then shows how the protagonists’ life circumstances lead to an eternal nomadism. It then considers the relationship the characters establish with Latin America, revealed to be the only possibility for belonging. The posthumous work of Roberto Bolano presents the intriguing theme of national identity and immigration. This work analyzes the difficult and ambivalent relationship that Chilean characters establish with their homeland then shows how the protagonists’ life circumstances lead to an eternal nomadism. It then considers the relationship the characters establish with Latin America, revealed to be the only possibility for belonging. The article closes with a reflection on the importance of literature in the life of Bolano’s characters.

Failure to maintain viral suppression may be attributed to suboptimal care engagement. Using data collected during 2015-2018, we describe nationally representative estimates of engagement in care among US adults with diagnosed HIV, overall and by viral suppression. Of those who felt they did not receive enough care, we described detailed information on barriers to care by viral suppression. We reported weighted percentages and evaluated differences between groups using Rao-Scott chi-square tests (p < .05). Persons who were not virally suppressed were less likely to be retained in care (57.3 vs. 90.8%). Common barriers to care included life circumstances that impeded receipt of care (50.0%), financial barriers (34.5%), and not feeling sick enough to take medicine (32.0%). Barriers to care varied by viral suppression status, and people who were not virally suppressed were more likely to report more than one barrier to care. These findings demonstrate that barriers can be multifaceted; addressing barriers to care by expanding comprehensive care models in HIV care settings could improve clinical outcomes among people with HIV.

Longitudinal qualitative research can provide rich understanding of the life circumstances of vulnerable groups who experience health inequities, of whether, how and why these circumstances change, and of how these circumstances and processes of change impact health. But, this rich understanding is not automatic and requires systematic and thoughtful approaches to data collection and analysis. The purpose of this paper is to describe two longitudinal qualitative studies embedded in mixed-methods studies of social determinants of HIV in the United States and the Dominican Republic. We compare these two studies to critically reflect on specific techniques that facilitate longitudinal and iterative data collection, management, and analysis, in particular the use of participant-specific matrices and analytic summaries across the distinct phases of the research. We conclude that combining cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis that engages with both themes and processes of change can contribute to improved contextualization and understanding of social determinants of HIV.

In Ohio, African American babies die at 2.5–3 times the rate of White babies. Preterm birth and low birth weight are the leading causes of infant mortality. Home visiting is an evidence-based strategy for serving low-income pregnant women; however, there are relatively few rigorous studies examining its effect on birth outcomes. This study uses a propensity score technique to estimate the causal effect of participation in home visiting on prematurity and low birth weight among a low-income, predominantly African American sample (N = 26,814). We found that participation in home visiting significantly reduced the odds of experiencing both adverse birth events, with a larger program effect for the low birth weight outcome. Results suggest that selective prevention strategies must be accompanied by universal attempts to improve the health and life circumstances of low income and minority women.

Research question To examine the motivations, life circumstances and parenthood aspirations of a cohort of women who underwent planned oocyte cryopreservation (POC) at a Canadian academic IVF centre. Design A single-site, cross-sectional, anonymous quantitative study using a study-specific questionnaire administrated via SurveyMonkey®. Of the 224 women who completed at least one POC cycle between 2012 and 2018, 198 were reached by email and invited to participate. Results Of the 98 (49.5%) questionnaires returned, 86 were fully completed and were analysed. Mean age at first POC cycle was 35.7 ± 2.4 (range 27–43) and at survey was 37.7 ± 2.5 years. At POC, 77% were single and 97.7% childless. At survey, 96% had not attempted to use their cryopreserved oocytes, yet 26 (30%) had tried natural conception or fertility treatments. Of these, three conceived naturally and two by assisted reproduction. Eighty-five per cent expressed a strong motherhood desire and 67.1% indicated that usage of their cryopreserved oocytes was mostly contingent on relationship status. Many expressed a desire for shared genetic parenthood within a committed relationship. Forty-seven per cent did not want to carry a pregnancy beyond the age of 46. Conclusion The findings of this study confirm the central role of age and relationship status in influencing women's POC decisions and oocyte utilization plans. The late age at POC could be explained by women using it toward the end of their peak reproductive years to leverage their remaining chances of genetic motherhood. Surveying women at later points following POC would help to gain a more comprehensive picture of their oocyte utilization and disposition plans.

The present study used quantitative and qualitative methods to explore how lonely young people are seen from others’ perspectives, in terms of their personality, behavior, and life circumstances. Data were drawn from the Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study, a cohort of 2,232 individuals born in the U.K. in the mid-1990s. When participants were aged 18, they provided self-reports of loneliness, and informant ratings of loneliness were provided by interviewers, as well as participants’ parents and siblings. Interviewers further provided Big Five personality ratings and detailed written notes in which they documented their perceptions of the participants and their reflections on the content of the interview. In the quantitative section of the article, regression analyses were used to examine the perceptibility of loneliness and how participants’ loneliness related to their perceived personality traits. The informant ratings of participants’ loneliness showed good agreement with self-reports. Furthermore, loneliness was associated with lower perceived conscientiousness, agreeableness, and extroversion and higher perceived neuroticism. Within-twin pair analyses indicated that these associations were partly explained by common underlying genetic influences. In the qualitative section of the study, the loneliest 5% of study participants ( N = 108) were selected, and thematic analysis was applied to the study interviewers’ notes about those participants. Three themes were identified and named: “uncomfortable in own skin,” “clustering of risk,” and “difficulties accessing social resources.” These results add depth to the current conceptualization of loneliness and emphasize the complexity and intersectional nature of the circumstances severely lonely young adults live in.

The article analyzes the problem of socialization of the individual in philosophical, psychological, pedagogical and socio-pedagogical research. The historical basis of the development of the theory of socialization is revealed, the subject-object and subject-subject approach in socialization is characterized. Representatives of the subject-object consider socialization as a process of human adaptation to society, which forms each of its members in accordance with its inherent culture. Proponents of the subject-subject approach note that a person participates in the process of socialization and not only adapts to society, but also influences his life circumstances and himself, during which both the individual and society develop. The study describes three main areas of study of the socialization process: socio-philosophical, socio-psychological and socio-pedagogical. The main characteristics of the socialization process are analyzed: factors, stages, mechanisms, types, means, agents, institutions. Particular attention is paid to the study of aberrational socialization, which scientists interpret as negative, false, distorted, distorted. The author concludes that the theory of socialization is open and mobile, constantly supplemented and changed along with the variability of the world and society, under the influence of external (social) and internal (individual psychological) factors.

This article focuses on the talèdhèk, Javanese female street singer-dancers of the gamelan tradition, during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Their life circumstances were very different from those of the later gamelan singers, the pesindhèn. So were their vocal styles. It is likely that these are connected. Several Javanese gamelan experts described characteristics of the talèdhèk’s vocal style and compared it with the very different style of the pesindhèn. Statistical analyses of recordings corroborate their observations. To understand the lives of the talèdhèk, I gathered life histories of talèdhèk and consulted relevant ethnographic and historical literature. I posit that the talèdhèk’s musical style was a product, in large part, of their life circumstances. Artikel ini tentang gaya vokal talèdhèk, penyanyi/penari Jawa di jalanan dan tayuban (pesta dansa) dalam tradisi gamelan pada abad ke-19 sampai abad ke-20 sebelum Perang Dunia II. Gaya vokalnya dilaporkan berbeda secara signifikan dari gaya vokal perempuan dalam tradisi gamelan dewasa ini, yang disebut sebagai pesindhèn. Apakah situasi kehidupan talèdhèk pada masa lalu dapat membantu menjelaskan mengapa gaya vokal mereka berkembang seperti itu? Guru-guru gamelan saya mengidentifikasi adanya beberapa ciri melodi kunci gaya talédhèk sebelum Perang Dunia II dan membandingkannya dengan gaya pesindhèn yang sangat berbeda. Saya mengadakan analisis statistik dari banyak rekaman talèdhèk dan pesindhèn. Analisis itu menguatkan pernyataan ahli gamelan yang tersebut. Untuk memahami kehidupan talèdhèk, saya mengumpulkan sejarah hidup para suarawati yang telah menjadi talèdhèk pada tahun-tahun sebelum perang dan merujuk pada literatur etnografi dan sejarah yang relevan. Saya berpendapat bahwa gaya vokal talèdhèk memang merupakan produk, sebagian besar, dari keadaan hidup dan situasi kinerja mereka. Saya akan mempertunjukkan bagaimana ciri-ciri karakteristik dari gaya vokal mereka secara unik dirajut seiring dengan situasi kehidupan mereka saat itu.

Introduction The effect of COVID-19 pandemic shutdowns on education has been discussed broadly in both the media and among academics, however its true effects on paramedicine students and their ability to attend in-person lectures, skill sessions and clinical placements has not been widely researched. This study aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on a group of paramedicine students at an Australian university. Methods A cross-sectional study using a convenience sample of first and second year paramedicine students was undertaken to explore their perceived experiences of COVID-19 through both qualitative and quantitative responses. Results A total of 83 paramedicine students from Griffith University in Queensland participated in the survey, demonstrating an 84.7% response rate. Of the participants, 78.3% (n=65) disagreed that online workshop sessions were as valuable as face-to-face sessions. Similarly, the majority of participants (61.5%, n=51) disagreed that online lectures and tutorials were as beneficial as in-person equivalents. A further 61.4% (n=51) of students agreed that COVID-19-associated lockdowns had negatively impacted their ability to formulate strong personal relationships that are important for university, however 78.3% of students agreed that communication platforms assisted in maintaining some form of social interaction. Conclusion The results from this study demonstrate that the educational and social impacts of COVID-19 on paramedicine students were highly diverse, and were contingent on several factors including but not limited to: year of study, learning style, previously established social connections and extenuating life circumstances.

The article deals with the issue of teachers’ professional development and professional preadaptation and retraining of parents who found themselves in difficult life circumstances due to their child’s serious medical condition and consequently have to change jobs. The article presents MCU’s innovative experience in implementing professional development programmes for teachers and parents in the medical setting. Modular professional retraining programmes allow students to choose the units that fit their educational needs and help them follow their own educational tracks. The article describes the process of creating academic programmes for students’ individual professional development with the help of distance-learning management platforms Moodle and Microsoft Teams. This enables students to work and study at their own pace. We have arrived at the conclusion that at times it is worth using the flipped classroom model and strategy, when students study the course content independently and later take part in discussions and question sessions, exchange their experiences and work on different case studies. Since last year there have been changes in the content, technologies and methods of working with this particular group of students. For instance, there is now an opportunity to add and use resources of non-formal education sphere. After parents successfully complete the course of study, they qualify as tutors who can assist students getting long-term treatment. This can help parents solve two problems. First, it will give them an opportunity to find a new job in the field they qualified in. Then, they will be able to provide professional psychological assistance and academic support to their children in difficult life circumstances.

Purpose. Studying the level of development of certain professionally significant psychological qualities of future specialists in extreme professions, such as volitional self-regulation, propensity to take risks, motivation to achieve success or overcome failure. Methods. Carrying out an ascertaining experiment: psychological testing using the techniques: «Motivation of success and fear of failure» (questionnaire by A.A. Rean), «Research of the propensity to take risks» (questionnaire of A.G. Shmelev), «Level of volitional self-regulation» (questionnaire A.V. Zverkov and E.V. Eydman). Findings. The results of studying the level of development of volitional self-regulation, self-control and perseverance, motivational orientation and propensity to risk of the 1st and 3rd year students of the University of Civil Protection of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Belarus are presented. The conditions of professional activity of specialists in extreme professions are briefly considered. Strong-willed efforts for workers in extreme activities are necessary to overcome such external obstacles as difficulties in professional activities, various hindrances, confronting with other people or life circumstances. It can be concluded that the majority of respondents are characterized by a high level of volitional self-regulation, perseverance and self-control. The overwhelming majority of the first and third year students were diagnosed with pronounced motivation to achieve success. It has been found that almost all respondents participating in the study had an average level of propensity to take risks. Application field of research. The presented results can be used to work out a program for the development of professionally important psychological qualities, skills and abilities of extreme profile specialists aimed at forecasting the main conditions and regularities of their formation.

his paper presents the initial studies on Peirce´s Primary Arithmetic, a set of manuscripts, never published by the author, written at the end of the XIX century. The originals – organized and published by Carolyn Eisele in 1976 – was translated to Portuguese and some initial studies are being developed focusing on the possibility that some features of Peirce´s Philosophy could be pragmatically – but implicitly – present in such manuscripts. Our partial conclusions, now, show that Peirce´s life circumstances, more than his Philosophy, characterize the texts under examination. Keywords: Charles S. Peirce; Primary Arithmetic; Mathematics Education; History; Philosophy; Peirce´s Mathematical Writings. O artigo apresenta estudos iniciais acerca da Aritmética Elementar de Peirce, uma série de manuscritos elaborados ao final do século XIX, nunca publicados por seu autor. Os originais – organizados e publicados por Carolyn Eisele em 1976 – foram traduzidos para o português e nossa abordagem inicial a esses textos tem como foco compreender se as abordagens filosóficas peirceanas desempenham – pragmaticamente, mesmo que implicitamente – algum papel nessa produção voltada para a Escola Primária americana. Nossas conclusões – parciais – mostram que as circunstâncias da vida de Peirce, mais do que sua Filosofia, caracterizam esses Manuscritos. Palavras-chave: Charles S. Peirce; Aritmética Elementar; Educação Matemática, História; Filosofia.

Paper currency recognition is one of the most important needs for visually impaired people to deal with different life circumstances . In this paper a layered framework is developed in which an Egyptian banknote recognition system is given. The developed system can recognize banknote in all geometric transformation (scaling, rotation, translation, shearing) and all lightning effects .The system is validated by using dataset which contains 1200 images. The underlying image dataset has been divided into five main categories (clear , rotated, noisy, folded and old images ).The system is tested and the recognition accuracy is 93% in all categories. The first layer in the framework deals with watermark security. The second layer of the framework, the segmentation has been applied, so that its value, special textures and special drawings are extracted . In the third layer of the framework, the local banknote features have been utilized. the fourth layer is a classification layer where different techniques are applied. Moreover, the developed system recognizes multiple banknotes. The implemented framework paves the way for various mobile applications are used effectively and commercially to assist visually impaired people. یعد التعرف على العملات الورقیة أحد أهم احتیاجات الأشخاص ضعاف البصر للتعامل مع ظروف الحیاة المختلفة. فی هذا البحث تم اقتراح إطار متعدد الطبقات تم فیه تقدیم نموذج التعرف على الأوراق النقدیة المصریة. یمکن أن یتعرف النظام على الأوراق النقدیة فی جمیع عملیات التحویل الهندسی (القیاس ، والدوران ، وقرب او بعد الصورة ، والمیل) وجمیع تأثیرات الضوء. للتحقق من صحة النظام ، تم إنشاء مجموعة بیانات یدویة من 1200 صورة. تم تقسیم مجموعة بیانات الصورة الأساسیة إلى خمس فئات رئیسیة (صور واضحة ، مستدیرة ، مشوشة ، مطویة ، قدیمة) تم اختبار النموذج بشکل مکثف وتم تسجیل الدقة لتصل الى 93٪ فی المتوسط فی جمیع الفئات. تعنى طبقة النظام الأولى بالتحقق من العلامة المائیة ، وفی الطبقة الثانیة یتم استخراج قیمتها ونص ممیز ورسومات خاصة , وفی الطبقة الثالثة من النظام ، تم استخدام خصائص الأوراق النقدیة المحلیة . الطبقة الرابعة هی طبقة تصنیف حیث یمکن تطبیق تقنیات مختلفة. علاوة على ذلک ، یتعرف النظام على العدید من الأوراق النقدیة المتواجدة فی نفس الصورة. یمهد هذا النظام الطریق لمختلف تطبیقات الهاتف المحمول التی یمکن استخدامها بشکل فعال وتجاری لمساعدة الأشخاص المعاقین بصریا

Background and Objectives Research suggests longitudinal and reciprocal relationships between perceived control over life circumstances and health for Western populations; yet, such associations have not been fully understood for non-Western populations. The present study addresses cultural differences in these associations for American and Japanese aging adults. Research Design and Methods For respondents aged 40 and older at 2 waves (Time 1 [T1] and Time 2 [T2]) of Midlife in the United States (N = 4,455) and Midlife in Japan (N = 827), cross-lagged path models were analyzed for T1 perceived control predicting change in each health measure (i.e., self-rated health, number of chronic health conditions, and functional limitations) from T1 to T2; and the matched T1 health measure predicting change in perceived control from T1 and T2. In these analyses, the effects of T1 age, T1 perceived control, and each T1 health measure were compared cross-nationally. Results A cross-national difference emerged in that T1 perceived control predicted change in chronic health conditions only for Americans. Similar tendencies were found between the 2 nationalities for T1 perceived control predicting changes in self-rated health and functional limitations. Reciprocal relationships between perceived control and health measures were found for Americans, but neither age nor any of the T1 health measures predicted change in perceived control for the Japanese respondents. Discussion and Implications The findings suggest cultural differences and similarities between the 2 nationalities, which have implications for potential health benefits of enhancing perceived control among American and Japanese aging adults. Building on these findings, the present study also indicates future directions of research.

The focus of this intervention follows the ongoing COVID-19 crisis and its consequences. With both health and the economy as central to this crisis, besides each amplifying the other, in some regards, the two also might stand in conflict. However, both are definitely delivering a number of consequences for humans in different regions and life circumstances across the globe. With the help of several examples, this paper sets out to visualize the unequal distribution of duties, strains, exposure and aftermath of the current health crisis.

This study examined leisure and subjective well-being (SWB) of Korean transnational-split families (KTSF) who live in Korea and the U.S. Using data collected from an online survey, hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to test seven hypotheses related to the affective components of the SWB of KTSF. Income, frequency of family communication, marital satisfaction, and the size of leisure repertoire were significantly associated with the positive affect of KTSF. The amount of leisure time and the frequency of leisure involvement were not significant. Two regression models were tested to understand the differential validity of the time and frequency of six different types of leisure activities on positive affect. The leisure time and frequency of Hobbies and Other Activities were significant, while other activity types were not. These findings were discussed in light of the existing SWB and transnationalism literature, the qualitative aspects of leisure experience, and the life circumstances of KTSF.

Transition described as the passage between life phases is a universal concept in nursing. Transitions are often accompanied by emotional turmoil, as individuals struggle to redefine themselves and adjust and adapt to new life circumstances. Nurses experience transition when they leave a current role to follow new career pathways or areas of clinical practice. Experienced nurses are highly valued for their requisite skills, clinical judgment, and knowledge and can fill the demand for highly skilled nurses in complex specialized settings such as radiology. However, the transitional process can create uncertainty, fear, and distress for nurses changing clinical practice specialties. Ineffective orientation processes have been linked to higher nurse turnover rates and poor retention within the first year of hiring. The critical demand for competent nurses should drive efforts to ease the transition of these experienced nurses to new clinical areas of practice. The purpose of this project was to develop a transition program for nurses moving into the complex role of interventional radiology nurse. We used Bridges’ transition theory to form our framework of interventions and strategies to help experienced nurses successfully transition and adapt their prior knowledge and skills to radiologic and imaging nursing.

The work presents a case report of a patient with symptoms classified as depression. An in-depth interview revealed a specific problem of this patient, as well as for many other people with similar constellations of psychological processes. On the one hand, high demands addressed to himself, that is expectation of the career level and achievements at worldwide importance. On the other hand, in a situation of confrontation with the requirements of studies and life circumstances, a sense of loss of self-esteem, a sense of lack of future, sense of lost life, self-destructive tendencies and active maintaining of inertness and self-destruction.

We assessed how high school dropouts in Croatia interpret their school experiences and life circumstances, using semi-structured interviews of 20 young people, M ( SD) = 18.4 (1.23) years, 63.6% male, based on questions following a chronological life course from elementary to high school. Using qualitative content analysis and cluster analysis, we yielded a typology of high school dropouts. Four high school dropout types were identified based on the factors leading to dropout: (a) the poor academic achievers, (b) the quiet dropouts, (c) the maladjusted dropouts, and (d) the stressed dropouts. Our findings confirm the previously reported role of poor academic achievement and externalizing problems in high school dropout and additionally highlight the importance of internalizing problems and highly stressful life events for dropout risk.

Children with disabilities and their families often experience life circumstances that lead to reduced quality of life in low- and middle-income countries. This article describes the development of a curriculum to train community volunteers to provide support to families of children with disabilities in Lusaka, Zambia, using feedback from an advisory board of local stakeholders. Stakeholders had two opportunities to offer input on the curriculum. Reviewer comments focused on three themes – making the manual more Zambian, needing additional content, and simplifying the message. Recommendations were incorporated into the manual – allowing for culturally appropriate alignment with Zambian needs and customs.

An underlying principle behind much of the research in positive psychology is that individuals have considerable leeway to increase their levels of happiness. In an influential article that is frequently cited in support of such claims, Lyubomirsky et al. (Rev Gen Psychol 9:111–131, 2005. 10.1037/1089-2680.9.2.111) put forward a model (subsequently popularized under the name of the “happiness pie”) in which approximately 50% of individual differences in happiness are due to genetic factors and 10% to life circumstances, leaving 40% available to be changed via volitional activities. We re-examined Lyubomirsky et al.’s claims and found several apparent deficiencies in their chain of arguments on both the empirical and the conceptual level. We conclude that there is little empirical evidence for the variance decomposition suggested by the “happiness pie,” and that even if it were valid, it is not necessarily informative with respect to the question of whether individuals can truly exert substantial influence over their own chronic happiness level. We believe that our critical re-examination of Lyubomirsky et al.’s seminal article offers insights into some common misconceptions and pitfalls of scientific inference, and we hope that it might contribute to the construction of a more rigorous and solid empirical basis for the field of positive psychology.

Protected Areas (PAs) are central to environmental conservationism. Nonetheless, their implementation affects life circumstances and opportunities of communities living within and nearby their bord...

The family is recognized in the international community as the best condition for the survival, protection and development of children, the main center of society, the natural environment for humans. As has been repeatedly noted, the efforts of the state and the public should be con-centrated at the well-being of the family, creating conditions for the protection of its rights in society and the rights of family members. Today, there is an urgent need not only for social support for a family that has certain problems in its life, but also for special work with families who find them-selves in difficult life circumstances and have more serious psychosocial problems, such as systematic violations of human rights. Such families are traditionally dealt with by law enforcement agencies, human rights are protected by law, but prosecution cannot be the only approach, since our main goal must be to preserve the integrity of the family (its family feelings, ties). First of all, long-term socio-pedagogical work aimed at re-education, training of its members in new techniques and methods of interaction should be carried out. International experience shows that majority of govern-mental social programs are focused on families. Existing family life adaptation programs in the United States are designed for families at different stages of development, each targeting different types of family issues. One more program - "Intensive course for adults on raising children”. In England there is a John Barnes program, which aims to work with children in families experiencing a crisis. The job of a social worker or a teacher is to study such a family, tosimulate the change in relations between its members, tohelp in adaptation, to train parents in self-control. Teach them and their children how to set strategic and supporting goals. Help to overcome obstacles without corporal punish-ment. In Croatia, children, who exhibit deviant behavior, are engaged in “peer-to-peer” school mediation programs, while specialists work with parents, revealing the shortcomings of family psycho-emotional and educational dynamics. Professional social activity is currently intensifying and improving in Ukraine. Therefore, the social education sys-tem must be flexible, mobile, respond quickly to changes in social policy and the social sphere, the needs of individuals and society as a whole. The education of students majoring in "Social Work" at the National University "Lviv Polytechnic" is determined by the Canadian-Ukrainian model of training of social workers, adapted to national conditions and needs. In terms of pro-fessional competencies in working with children and fami-lies, such training includes the acquisition of knowledge and practical experience. This further gives the opportunity to develop their own innovative programs, based on experi-ence gained on the problems and needs of the client. The most widely represented is the cycle of profession-ally oriented disciplines, which includes a 90-hour course "Social work with children and families." The content of the discipline covers all the main aspects of the social worker's work with this category of clients: from the concept of fami-ly, its functions and role in the child's life and identifying aspects of family risk of crisis, to the processes of interven-tion and improvement of children's social security. Particu-lar attention in the subject is paid to topics of deviantology, causes, manifestations and types of deviant behavior. The section "Interventions" covers such topics as: the functions of a social worker; theoretical principles of family counseling; methods and forms of family counseling; pro-fessional intervention focused on the family; institutional model of care for abused and neglected children; preventive measures. The study of the "Improvement of children's social security service" topic includes a mandatory study of possible changes in the system of services and possible ways of policy formation in the field of social security. A characteristic feature of the training of social workers according to the Canadian-Ukrainian model is the teaching of professionally-oriented disciplines in the form of integrat-ed classes, which are divided into two main categories: lecture-practical and lecture-laboratory. Students' educational activities are diversified by excur-sions to social services, video classes, participation in vol-unteer actions, educational conferences, trainings, work of the international scientific-practical seminar organized at the Department of SR, meetings with well-known experts in the field of social work, etc. According to the concept of training specialists in the field of social work, the leading place in this process is occupied by practical training of students. The cycle of practical training of students includes different types of practical educational activities of students: internships within the semesters, organized by "blocks", and educa-tional and research workshops conducted on the basis of social services, lasts 4 semesters (years of study 3rd and 4th) and occurs once a week during a full working day. The workshop aims, in particular, to develop students' skills to carry out scientific research, during which they have the opportunity to collect the necessary empirical material to perform individual tasks in professionally-oriented disci-plines that have a research nature, and writing term papers and dissertations. When performing the tasks of educational practice and educational-research workshop, students have a real oppor-tunity to apply the acquired knowledge, skills and abilities in professionally- oriented, fundamental and other disci-plines.

The article describes one of the steps in the process of reintegrating a child into a family. A leading component is the immediate preparation of the biological family for the meeting and cohabitation with the child, as well as the preparation for the return home. The presented methods of social and pedagogical work with the family in the process of reintegration will contribute to the systematic preparation of the family for creating a caring family environment, overcoming difficult life circumstances, developing internal mechanisms for solving problems, enhancing parental competences, minimizing child trauma and returning home. The article contains a set of existing traditional and integrative methods, forms of social and pedagogical work: Individual counseling, interactive conversation with parents, school of parental support, organization of leisure, «Life Book» and «Life Line». The author details a tool such as the Book of Life, through which a specialist (social educator, psychologist) can help a child reconstruct their own life experiences and form a holistic perception of themselves. The specialist motivates the child to work, encourages, supports, gives additional explanations for the tasks. In addition, working on some of the tasks of the «Book of Life» involves the previous work of an adult: gathering information, finding photos, making photocopies of documents. The Book of Life consists of four sections: My Past, My Present, My Future, and precedes the work on these main sections. Filling out the Life Book should take the form of an interactive experience of interaction between the child and the social educator / psychologist.

Credibility theory provides a tool for modelling various phenomena in insurance. Changes in life circumstances such as the pandemic and its consequences require adjustment of old and creation of new theories that would improve existing parameters in modelling phenomena in insurance and actuarial analysis. Thus, by using c-credibility measure, we try to respond to some of the challenges that have emerged. The paper presents a summarised theory of c-credibility and gives an algorithm for constructing c-credibility measure, which is illustrated by an example.

Suicide among most age groups has been on the rise in the United States for the past 20 years. Suicide is currently the 10th leading cause of death in the United States, but suicide completion and suicide attempts may be underreported. Suicide is a very personal act often predicated on a sense of hopelessness and despair, but often prompted by very addressable factors such as pain and social isolation. This article will use a case narrative to illustrate life circumstances that may influence suicidal thinking. In addition, risk factors are addressed. Lastly, the article addresses some useful assessment tools to gauge suicide risk among older adult clients and provides resources for home care clinicians.

Contains fulltext : 220707.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Although early-life adversity can undermine healthy development, children growing up in harsh environments may develop intact, or even enhanced, skills for solving problems in high-adversity contexts (i.e., "hidden talents"). Here we situate the hidden talents model within a larger interdisciplinary framework. Summarizing theory and research on hidden talents, we propose that stress-adapted skills represent a form of adaptive intelligence that enables individuals to function within the constraints of harsh, unpredictable environments. We discuss the alignment of the hidden talents model with current knowledge about human brain development following early adversity; examine potential applications of this perspective to multiple sectors concerned with youth from harsh environments, including education, social services, and juvenile justice; and compare the hidden talents model with contemporary developmental resilience models. We conclude that the hidden talents approach offers exciting new directions for research on developmental adaptations to childhood adversity, with translational implications for leveraging stress-adapted skills to more effectively tailor education, jobs, and interventions to fit the needs and potentials of individuals from a diverse range of life circumstances. This approach affords a well-rounded view of people who live with adversity that avoids stigma and communicates a novel, distinctive, and strength-based message. 19 p.

The album «Brilliant Corners» by Thelonious Monk is one of the most famous and popular works in the creative career of the jazz pianist and one of the key recordings for Riverside Records, which still holds relevance and attracts attention of musicians from all over the world wishing to learn more about jazz music of the 50–60s and to better understand it. The main objective of the study is to analyze the factors that influenced the creation of the music for the album, the performance of the compositions in the studio, as well as to investigate the relevant relationships through the prism of the life experience of the musicians involved in the recording. The review of the historical background has made it possible to recreate a full picture and to collect all the elements that were reflected in the creation of the album. The album glorified not only Monk the performer, but T. Monk the composer as well. It also became a very important record for Riverside Records. The album was recorded in 1957 and consists of five tracks, four of which were written by T. Monk («Brilliant Corners», «Ba-lue Bolivar Ba-lues-are», «Pannonica» and «Bemsha Swing»). Due to their specific arrangement in the album, the author’s compositions enter into a complex interaction with each other. The very principle upon which the structure of the album is built creates a context for understanding and perception of each composition, both by the musicians themselves and by the listeners. Each composition in the album is a story, the program itself suggests what inspired the composer and, of course, reflects the life circumstances of the musician, which the article explores in more details as one of the impact factors. Certainly, Monk’s material was influenced by the performers who worked on recording the album: Ernie Henry, Sonny Rollins, Oscar Pettiford, Max Roach, Clark Terry, Paul Chambers. Each of them is a significant figure in the jazz history. The analysis of the above-mentioned factors makes the success story of the album more transparent and offers an insight into the complex process of the composer’s giving birth to an idea and its further implementation.

El presente estudio analizó el efecto de la amenaza social, producida a través de una manipulación del estatus socioeconómico, en la Orientación a la Dominancia Social (SDO). Se asignó aleatoriamente una muestra de estudiantes universitarios de clase media/media-alta de una universidad privada de Lima, Perú (n = 58) a una de 2 condiciones experimentales: incremento versus reducción del estatus socioeconómico. La manipulación experimental consistió en la exposición de los participantes a una pirámide donde se describe la estructura de la sociedad en términos de estatus y privilegios socioeconómicos, para posteriormente pedirles que desarrollen una pequeña tarea semántica sobre cómo sería su vida si sus circunstancias de vida los colocaran en el nivel superior o inferior de la pirámide social (según la condición experimental aleatoriamente asignada). Posteriormente se les pidió completar la escala de SDO. Los resultados del ANOVA muestran un incremento en los niveles de SDO en la condición de reducción/bajo estatus, mientras que dicha medida no se vio afectada en la condición de incremento/alto estatus. Los resultados son consistentes con la idea de que la SDO es susceptible de ser modificada ante una manipulación del estatus socioeconómico de las personas. Asimismo, el incremento de la SDO, en la condición de bajo estatus, refuerza la idea de que, en sociedades jerárquicas y desiguales como la peruana, la mera representación de una amenaza (disminución del estatus en este caso) es el gatillador de una respuesta defensiva, anclada en la adhesión a ideologías que refuerzan las diferencias de estatus entre individuos y grupos.