Search

COVID-19 has had a severe impact on higher education worldwide, and Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) have become the best solution to reduce the impact of the COVID-19 on student learning. In order to improve the quality of MOOCs for Landscape Architecture, it is essential to fully understand the psychological needs of students learning online. A total of 119 undergraduates and postgraduates majoring in landscape architecture were selected as the research subjects, and 18 indicators falling into 5 functions, including course organization, course resources, learning environment, learning experience, and learning support were screened. Questionnaires based on the KANO model were prepared at wjx.cn for investigation through WeChat. Attributes were classified according to the traditional KANO model and the KANO model based on Better-Worse coefficients. The research showed that based on the classification results of the traditional KANO model, 17 of the 18 indicators were of the attractive quality factor and the rest were of the must-be quality factor. After reclassification using the KANO model based on Better-Worse coefficients, 4 of the 18 indicators were must-be quality factors, 6 were one-dimensional quality factors, 4 were attractive quality factors, and the rest 4 were indifferent quality factors. Compared to the traditional KANO model, the KANO model based on Better-Worse coefficients has better quality element classification discrimination. According to the KANO-based analysis, appropriate strategies for indicators shall be adopted for MOOC development according to the four types of quality requirements. The research can provide a basis for the development and optimization of MOOCs for landscape architecture so as to better meet the learning needs of students and achieve better learning effects.

In urban green spaces, it is important to maintain a suitable soil moisture content, an important indicator of plant growth. The management of urban green spaces faces great challenges in semi-humid areas of China, which are featured by interannual changes in rainfall and the alternation between droughts and floods. This paper aims to select suitable Organic Ground Cover (OGC) materials for urban green spaces in such areas, as the OGC can effectively absorb water and suppress the evaporation of soil moisture. For this purpose, 16 OGC materials were selected for our experiments, and 33 identical holes were dug on a field of silty loam. Next, 16 holes were separately covered by a 5 cm-thick layer of the 16 materials, 16 holes were separately covered by a 10 cm-thick layer of the 16 materials, and 1 hole was taken as the control sample (CK). On this basis, the authors explored how the 16 materials in two different thicknesses affect the soil moisture contents in four different soil depths. The results show that: When the OGC layer was 5 cm thick and 10 cm thick, CK had the lowest soil moisture content at any soil depth. In most cases, the soil moisture content under the same OGC material changed insignificantly with the material thicknesses, except FPB2 and CP. The layer of OGC materials should be 5 cm, if the only purpose is to increase the soil moisture content and enhance the landscape effect, and 10 cm if rainwater absorption is also taken into account. The above results provide a reference for selecting the OGC materials suitable for urban greening.

Solar-driven interfacial evaporation has emerged as an innovative and sustainable technology for clean water production. The rational fabrication of monolithic three-dimensional (3D) steam generators has accordingly become a topic of growing interest. However, the existing porous and hydrophilic 3D scaffolds (aerogels, hydrogels and sponges/foams) are constructed via conventional processing techniques (sol–gel and template-assisted methods), which remain one of the main roadblocks toward mass and large-scale applications. Herein, a closed-cell 3D polymer foam is developed via a controlled gas-foaming technique and applied as a monolithic interfacial steam generator for the first time. Taking advantage of the numerous gas pockets separated by reticulated and hydrophilic nanofibers that are made from polymeric composites, the foam has ultralight weight, low thermal conductivity and efficient water diffusion. Gratifyingly, the device attains a high water evaporation rate of 2.7 kg m−2 h−1 under one sun and is among the best-performing interfacial steam generators reported to date and surpasses a majority of 3D sponges/foams used in solar evaporation applications. This work demonstrates one of the few interfacial steam generators that integrate a variety of intriguing properties (i.e., self-floating, light-to-heat conversion, structural durability, anti-overturning and anti-biofouling) into a monolithic polymer foam for high-performance solar evaporation in natural environments.

Solar-driven interfacial evaporation has attracted growing attention as an emerging and sustainable technology for wastewater purification and desalination. Tremendous research efforts have been dedicated to developing interfacial steam generators that can operate under realistic weather conditions such as changing solar intensity, water salinity, air flow and humidity, yet the effects of water waves have been largely neglected. Herein, we develop the first ever tumbler-shaped steam generator to improve the floating stability of interfacial steam generators. Apart from the good water evaporation rate of ∼1.3 kg m−2 h−1 under one sun in both freshwater and seawater, the tumbler-shaped monolithic steam generator demonstrates outstanding wave-piercing, anti-overturning and self-righting behavior with good structural durability in typical waves of open water. Gratifyingly, further integration of the tumbler-shaped steam generator with a triboelectric nanogenerator enables detection of several water wave parameters (frequency, height, velocity and wavelength) in real-time with high sensitivity. This work provides design protocols not only for developing stable interfacial steam generators for solar-driven water purification and desalination, but also for scaling-up clean water production in open water and engineering self-powered water wave detection, forecast, and blue energy harvest systems.

China has been implementing a brand-new reform in agricultural education and teaching, and the construction of a first-class curriculum is an important guarantee for improving teaching quality and talent training. In line with the survey results of senior students from the field of landscape architecture, 15 frequent elements are selected, namely, teaching team, teaching strategy, teaching method, curriculum ideology and politics, online teaching, offline teaching informatization, teaching material resources, hardware resources, social resources, curriculum structure, teaching process, curriculum organization, applicability, foresight, innovation, and practicality. According to affiliation relationships, they are then classified into five clusters, which are curriculum intelligence support, informatization, resources, normalization, and content. By adopting the analytic network process method and using the super decision software, the hierarchical network model reflecting the dependence and feedback relationship between elements is established. The research results show that, among the five clusters, curriculum content and intelligence support weight relatively are high, which account for 67% of the total weight. The elements of the teaching team, online teaching, teaching material resources, teaching process normalization, and applicability and practicality of curriculum content weigh high, respectively, among the clusters. In the overall ranking of the system weight, the weights of three elements exceed 0.1, namely, the teaching team, content practicability, and teaching process normalization. The weights of the top eight elements account for approximately 85% of the total weight. This study can be used as a reference for the optimal allocation of curriculum construction resources.

Water bodies in urban parks are important for scenic and recreational areas, yet algal bloom problems seriously affect public use; therefore, it is important to study the features of algal density (AD) changes and environmental driving factors (EDFs) for water body management. In this study, five scenic water bodies in urban parks of Xinxiang City are taken as the objects for studying the AD and nine environmental indicators from March to October 2021, in accordance with time-series monitoring. The features of AD change in different layers of the water bodies are analyzed, and the main environmental impact factors of AD changes are screened by Pearson correlation analysis and principal components analysis (PCA), with main EDFs further extracted according to multiple linear regression analysis (MLRA), and multiple regression equation established. According to the data, ADs at different depth layers increase at first and then decrease with time, reaching the peak in August. According to the PCA, three principal components (PCs) are extracted in the 0.5 m and 1.0 m water layer, the variance contribution of which is 87.8% and 87.3%, respectively. The variance contribution of four PCs extracted in the 1.5 m water layer is 81.7%. After MLRA, it is found that the main EDFs of algal density in the 0.5 m water layer are electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), and water temperature (WT), in the 1.0 m water layer are WT and DO, and in the 1.5 m water layer are WT, DO, total nitrogen (TN), and EC. Generally speaking, WT and DO are decisive factors affecting AD. The EDFs’ leads to the AD changes in different water layers are analyzed, and it is proved that stratification occurs in scenic water bodies in urban parks. This study is expected to provide basic data and a theoretical basis for ecosystem system protection and water quality management of scenic water bodies in urban parks.

Peer assessment is an important part to evaluate college students’ learning effect and ability in blended learning. Peer assessment guided by teachers encourages students to engage in classroom and leads to the learner-centered classroom. Peer assessment studies in higher education mainly focus on the students’ attitude to peer assessment and the effectiveness of peer assessment. However, little exploration has been made on how to deal with and prevent the bad results of peer assessment, which has an important impact on improving the quality of peer assessment. By Game Principles Course, this research puts forward the idea of building a peer assessment loop to improve the quality of peer assessment and prevent the bad results of peer assessment.

The wind environment is an important factor affecting the comfort of the outdoor environment in high-rise residential communities. The numerical simulation of ventilation situation in the outdoor environment could provide scientific bases for the design of various elements in a community, including space layout, roads, activity spaces, water system, and plants. Taking the Changqingteng community, Xinxiang as the object, this paper numerically simulates the wind environment in summer, winter, and the transition season on THSware VENT2018, and analyzes the wind speed amplification factors, wind speed vector diagrams, and wind speed cloud maps on the outdoor environment of the community. The results show that both wind speed and wind speed amplification factor fall into the comfortable ranges in most places of the community throughout the year. In summer, only a few windless activity spaces are uncomfortable on hot and humid days. In winter, multiple wind corridors appear in the north of the community. These corridors greatly suppress the comfort of residents, owing to their fast wind speed and large wind speed amplification factor. The following measures could be taken to optimize the outdoor environment of the community: adding leisure spaces around the water system to improve comfort in summer, and setting up wind barriers by planting dense evergreen plants between the buildings on the north side to improve comfort in winter.

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) yield potential needs to be further achieved by good management practices to meet the increasing global demand. Two years of orthogonal field experiments were undertaken to investigate the effects of irrigation onset criteria using soil matric potential (SMP) (&minus, 15, &minus, 25, and &minus, 55 kPa), nitrogen fertilizer rate (80, 160, and 240 kg ha&minus, 1), and plant density (20, 30, and 40 plants m&minus, 2) on quinoa growth, seed yield, weight, and protein content. Initiating irrigations at an SMP of &minus, 15 to &minus, 25 kPa achieved significantly (p &lt, 0.05) greater seed yield (37.2 g plant&minus, 1), thousand kernel weight (2.25 g), and protein content (21.2%) than &minus, 55 kPa (25.2 g plant&minus, 1, 2.08 g, and 19.8%, respectively). The 240 kg ha-1 nitrogen rate had significantly (p &lt, 0.05) greater thousand kernel weight (2.26 g) and protein content (21.3%) than 80 (2.07 g and 19.5%, respectively) and 160 kg ha&minus, 1 (2.14 g and 20.7%, respectively). The yield under 20 plants m-2 reached 39.5 g plant&minus, 1, which was 13.5 g plant&minus, 1 higher than 40 plants m&minus, 2 (p &lt, 0.05). The quinoa consumed most of the available nitrogen in the soil (410&ndash, 860 kg ha&minus, 1), indicating that quinoa should be part of a sound crop rotation program.

With the development of China, learning the Chinese language has received more and more attention from international students. Teaching Chinese as a foreign language (TCFL) is crucial for spreading Chinese culture and promoting cultural exchanges. In recent years it has become the focus of attention of many scholars, and the heterogeneous cultural backgrounds and diverse language needs of learners determine that TCFL should promote the development of students’ intercultural communication competence in language practice with the use of educational technology. In this study, 82 preservice teachers as an experiment group and 64 preservice teachers as a control group participated in this study; this research aims to improve the quality and level of TCFL, using innovative teaching tools as a means to target preservice TCFL teachers and create a teaching–learning design strategy based on the smart teaching tools Moso Teach (MT) and Rain Classroom (RC). The findings from this research show the importance of the use of smart teaching tools and the improvement of preservice teachers during the experiment compared to preservice teachers with traditional methods. This paper answers the following questions: (1) How to improve preservice TCFL teachers’ competencies by integrating smart teaching tools into their learning process? (2) How to integrate technological, pedagogical, didactic, and social competencies into preservice teachers’ daily teaching CFL?

In this article, we simulate the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image of virtual trees using an image-processing algorithm based on the radar coherent scattering model. To make simulations much clo...

Solar-driven interfacial evaporation is an emerging and sustainable technology with growing potential for applications in water distillation and desalination. Despite the ongoing progress in clean water production, the high cost, delicate structures, leaching and disposal of synthetic materials remain the major roadblocks toward large-scale and real-world applications. Herein, nanocellulose (NC) is successfully extracted from abundant, inexhaustible and biodegradable biomass Ulva (Enteromorpha) prolifera that collected from the coast of Qingdao, China. Incorporation of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) into the NC scaffolds and subsequent cross-linking endow the composite aerogels with efficient water diffusion, enhanced mechanical strength and good deformation resistance. The cross-linked composite aerogels can serve as main structural elements and integrate a monolithic, self-floating and durable steam generator. Under one sun, the good water evaporation rate of 1.4 kg m−2 h−1 is among the best-performing interfacial steam generators constructed by using cellulose-based materials as structural components. This study demonstrates a new concept of using marine (blue) biomass-derived NC as crude material and building block to construct high-performance and durable interfacial steam generators, synergistically considering clean water production and sustainability of marine ecosystems.

Leisure agriculture is an industry which combines the agricultural production and leisure recreation. In order to promote the development of leisure agriculture, it is particularly important to conduct an analysis of its development from the overall perspective of the city. This paper takes Xinxiang City of Henan Province in China as an example and adopts GAHP-SWOT as the analysis method. Based on affirming the influencing factors of advantages, disadvantages, opportunities and threats, the AHP method is adopted to calculate the weights of different factors and sort them so as to realize the organic combination of the qualitative and quantitative analysis. Group Decision is used in computation to exert the collective intelligence. The result shows that the indicators S4 and S3 are relatively high-weight advantages while the indicators W1 and W4 are relatively high-weight disadvantages, and the indicators O4 and O2 are relatively high-weight opportunities while the indicators T5 and T2 are relatively high-weight threats. The development strategy was put forward according to the analysis result in order to provide decision-making basis for the development planning of leisure agriculture in Xinxiang City.

Compared to conventional ground-mounted photovoltaic (PV) cells, floating photovoltaic (FPV) cells open new opportunities for scaling-up solar power generation, especially in highly populated countries that may have competing uses for the available land. Large-scale FPV projects normally deploy old-fashioned crystalline silicon panels that are brittle and difficult to integrate. Polymer solar cells (PSCs) are regarded as a newer and more versatile concept that make quite a splash today. High absorption coefficients, thin active layers and tunable absorption spectra through a synergy of molecular and device engineering promote extensive research on the integration of semitransparent polymer solar cells (ST-PSCs) with smart architecture to deliver both practical and aesthetic benefits. In this work, we propose a new concept of extending ST-PSCs to the field of FPV cells and explore the potential of regulating aquatic environments and organisms. Three groups of high-performance ST-PSCs are fabricated. Maximum efficiency of 13% and average visible transmittance over 20% deliver an optimum trade-off between power generation and transparency among the best-performing ST-PSCs. We develop new experimental approaches and propose a feasibility study on the water evaporation and algal growth by placing the large-area ST-PSCs on bodies of water. To the best of our knowledge, we demonstrate for the first time that the specific transmittance windows with controlled light intensities generated by the ST-PSCs are capable of regulating water evaporation and algal growth, which provides insight into responsible scale-up of FPVs instead of simply blocking the sunlight. The new functions of ST-PSCs pave an intriguing prospect of developing ST-PSCs for practical FPV applications in the near future.

In the face of aging population, the residential landscape environment must meet the needs of the senior citizen. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is one of the common diseases for the elderly population. The landscape environment, as a natural resource for medical assistance and rehabilitation, needs the adaption in favor of the elderly with MCI. In this paper, the indicator is selected from the three aspects of rehabilitation, safety and ecological environment, and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to establish an evaluation system composed of the target, the criterion and the indicator. With the application of Yaahp software, the weights of indicators are ranked based on the evaluation of 10 evaluators from different fields. The results show that the indicators such as dynamic space, vegetation coverage, landscape naturalness, landscape aesthetics, static space, identifiability, rehabilitation facilities and accessibility have relatively higher weights and should be prioritized in the construction of residential landscape environment. Meanwhile, other indicators should also be taken into consideration so as to make the residential landscape more perfect.

This paper mainly adopts the literature research method, which analyzes the application progress and development overview of the eye tracking technology, as well as the technical features of the eye tracking devices. Combined with the research needs in landscape visual perception, eye tracking technology have application values in the following aspects: landscape attractiveness analysis, safety design of landscape environment, usability design of landscape facilities, landscape perception in motion, quality improvement of landscape information interface, cognitive analysis of physiological vulnerable groups and quality improvement of landscape education. Eyetracking technology should be used reasonably in the study so as to exploit its advantages to the full and correct its deficiencies. The development of hardware technology and software technology of eye-tracking offers a new perspective and study platform for the study on landscape visual perception, which contributes to improving the scientificity of the study on landscape visual perception.

Web-based course is the important method in the landscape design teaching. In this paper, the ANP (Analytic Network Process) model has been adopted to evaluate the quality of the development of on-line courses, so as to provide the basis for preferred on-line courses. Conclude 10 evaluation indicators from 3 aspects of teaching, availability, and technology, and establish ANP model consisting of control layer, network layer, and alternatives. Four web-based courses of landscape design were chosen as the evaluation objects and the SD (Super Decisions) software was used to conduct the calculation. The result shows that: ANP is a practical science decision analysis method, comprehensively considering the mutually influential and feedback relationships of indicators, and is suitable for the evaluation and decision of the complex problems. The development quality evaluation of ANP which is applied in landscape design web-based courses is feasible, and the result of research can provide decision basis to web-based course development.

The leisure agriculture parks in China develop rapidly. The object in this paper is a leisure agriculture park in Qinyang City, Henan Province. The paper studied the framework and approach of integrating smart technology into the planning of leisure Agriculture Park. The application of smart technology centers on integrated platform, and is divided into smart breeding, smart planting, smart sunlight greenhouse, virtual park, visualization, smart logistics, smart sale modes and so on, and it forms a hierarchical structure consisting of perception layer, network layer, application layer, platform layer and service layer. Integrating smart technology into leisure Agriculture Park’s planning can improve product quality, increase production management efficiency in the park, and facilitate the sustainable development of the park.

The high-efficiency modern agricultural demonstration park is a new development mode of Chinese agriculture, and plays a very important role in promoting agricultural development. This paper establishes the framework of the modern high-efficiency agricultural demonstration park from six aspects, namely, development orientation, function composition, comprehensive planning, smart construction, standardized construction and innovation construction. The results show that these aspects are influenced by several factors or set up by several modules, and form the symbiotic network of the park. Positioning realistic development targets, arranging function division, allocating infrastructure, and integrating smart, standardized & innovative technologies will ultimately enhance the ecological, economic and social benefits of the park.

Park has important ecological, social and economic values serving as an urban open space with high usage frequency. After its completion, the environmental service quality of the park should be constantly improved to better serve the public. The park in Xinxiang Economic Development Zone, Henan Province, is investigated in this study. A total of 18 environmental service quality indicators of the park are included for the assessment of the public's perception of the importance and performance of environmental service quality of the park by IPA method. The results showed that all the 18 indicators have high importance in the environmental service quality of the park. In contrast, the performance of the public towards the park is generally low. The paired-sample t-test further confirms the significance difference between the importance and the performance of 16 indicators. The 18 indicators are divided into four categories: indicators requiring sustained efforts, indicators requiring emphatic improvement, indicators requiring moderate development and indicators requiring maintenance. Varying countermeasures need to be adopted depending on the category of the indicators to promote the environmental service quality of the park.

The construction of new rural communities is an important measure to promote the integration of urban and rural areas. The environmental quality of new rural communities represents the residential suitability of the communities. The evaluation of the environmental quality can help promote the healthy development of new rural communities. The present study combines AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Lead Solution) for the evaluation and ordering of the environmental quality of 28 new rural communities in Henan Province, China. The AHP model containing four hierarchies is constructed: objective hierarchy, principle hierarchy, index hierarchy and factor hierarchy. The principle hierarchy is composed of 3 factors: social environment, material environment and ecological environment; the index hierarchy consists of 7 factors: service environment, civilized environment, planning environment, architectural environment, facility environment, greening environment, sanitation environment; the factor hierarchy consists of 14 factors: life service, health service, education degree, neighborhood relationship, spatial layout, functional layout, architectural style, architectural functions, infrastructure, public facilities, percentage of green open space, leisure and entertainment facilities, garbage treatment rate and wastewater treatment rate. By AHP model, the weight of the factors in every hierarchy is obtained and TOPSIS is employed for the ordering of the environmental quality of the 28 new rural communities. The results show: in the environmental evaluation, spatial layout, functional layout, architectural functions, infrastructure and neighborhood relationship have a relatively higher weight and more importance should be attached to these respects. The ordering of environmental quality of new rural communities has a high discrimination. The five communities with the highest environmental quality (representing 17.8% of the total communities) are R13, R6, R24, R23 and R28. The result can effectively reflect the environmental quality of new rural communities. On the one hand, this result can provide the basis for the transform and restructuring of the existing communities; on the other hand, it can be used as the reference for the quality control of newly-built communities, so that the objectives of new rural community construction will be met.

A new method of designing horn-fed frequency scanning holographic antenna is proposed. The artificial surface design of holographic antenna is based on generalized law of reflection. The input admittance is utilized to construct the interference pattern of the surface which is intervened by the excitation wave and the required radiation wave. The scalar admittance unit cell which is composed of sub-wavelength metallic patch on grounded dielectric substrate is implemented to design artificial surface and the simulation results are just as expected that the antenna can scan the beam as the frequency changes. Furthermore, a cross shaped patch printed on grounded dielectric unit cells is used to reduce the designing complexity of tensor admittance surface. At last, a frequency scanning holographic antenna with tensor admittance surface with ability of changing linear polarization excitation wave to left-hand circular polarization (LCP) radiation wave is designed and fabricated. The full-wave simulation and experimental results show well agreement and confirm the method proposed.

A stable composite film composed of 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate, chitosan, zirconia nanoparticles and the hemoglobin (Hb) was cast on the surface of an ionic liquid of an N-butylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate modified carbon paste electrode to fabricate a modified electrode. Scanning electron microscopy images of the modified electrode indicated that there was a dendritic structure on the modified electrode, and UV-Vis and FT-IR spectra showed that Hb in the composite film retained its native structure. Voltammetric experiments at the modified electrode showed that, in a pH 7.0 phosphate buffer solution, a pair of well-defined and quasi-reversible redox voltammetric peaks was obtained with the formal potential located at -0.216 V. The electrochemical parameters of Hb in the composite film were further carefully calculated: the electron-transfer rate constant was 0.52 s(-1) and the charge transfer coefficient was 0.34. The catalytic reduction peak current had a linear relationship with the concentration of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) in the range from 0.2 to 10.3 mmol/L with a detection limit of 66.7 µmol/L. Therefore, the composite film as a novel matrix opened up a possibility for further study on the design of enzymatic biosensors with potential applications.

of Hb is observed with the formal potential (E 0 ) of -0.278 V (vs. SCE). The electron transfer coefficient () and the apparent heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant (ks) was 0.44 and 2.0 s -1 , respectively. The modified electrode also exhibited excellent electrocatalytic ability to the reduction of trichloroacetic acid and hydrogen peroxide with a detection limit of 6.8 mol/L and 1.5 mol/L (S/N = 3), respectively. The apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (KM app ) was estimated to be 4.3 mmol/L and 0.13 mmol/L, respectively. The present study proved that the combination of GG-[BMIM][BF4] film with CILE is able to open up new opportunities for the design of enzymatic biosensors with potential applications in practice.

Based on electrostatic interaction and electrodeposition, poly-anionic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), room temperature ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIMBF4), hemoglobin (Hb) and Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) were successfully assembled into Hb/IL/DNA/PDDA layer-by-layer complex films on the surface of ITO electrode. FTIR spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were used to characterize the composite film. The obtained results demonstrated that the Hb molecule in the film kept its native structure and showed its good electrochemical behavior. A pair of well-defined redox peaks of Hb with the formal potentials (E°′) of −0.180 V (vs. SCE) was appeared in phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH 7.0). The Hb/IL/DNA/PDDA/ITO modified electrode also showed an excellent electrocatalytic behavior to the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Therefore, the IL/DNA/PDDA complex film as a novel matrix open up a possibility for further study on the direct electrochemistry of other proteins and the fabrication of the third-generation electrochemical biosensors.

The quality evaluation of urban lake landscape (QEULL) is extremely important for the healthy development of lake landscape. In this research, the evaluation model was established with the group decision analytic hierarchy process (GDAHP) method, which consisted of four layers including the target layer, the factor layer, the index layer and the criterion layer, thus forming a model tree based on their subordinate relation-ships. The GDAHP method was employed to determine the weights of constituting factors of each layer in the evaluation model, and the fuzzy method was used to establish the factors remark sets of the criterion layer, thus the single-layer evaluation and comprehensive evaluation of urban lake landscape quality was carried out. Quality evaluation model of urban lake landscape established based on the GDAHP method can provide grounds for planning, design, and renewal of urban lake landscape. This model has been used to evaluate and analyze the artificial lake in People’s Park of Xinxiang City, Henan Province. The results proved that the overall landscape quality of the artificial lake of Peoples Park in Xinxiang city was good.

This paper applies keyword query technology to the tuple-level uncertain database. We process single-table and the multi-table uncertain data problem with keyword search method, and optimize the ranking function by assigning different weights for each relation in uncertain database. According to the keywords and k value, this paper calculates and returns top-k query results which have maximum rank scores, depending on its correlation with query keywords and its possibility under the possible world semantics. The experimental results indicate the performance of the method is efficient and effective.

The wetland ecosystem is a special natural complex formed by reciprocity between land and water. In recent years, there have many studies about wetland ecosystem in China. The aim of this paper is to summarize the “hot research topics” in the wetland ecosystem researches of China, which include value evaluation of wetland ecosystem services; circulation of materials; evaluation of wetland ecosystem health; wetland ecosystem restoration; landscape structure of wetland ecosystem; resource utilization of wetland ecosystem; wetland ecosystem management and so on. The results show that: the mainly research fields of wetland ecosystem in china are synchronous with the world. The following fields should be paid more attentions in future studies including: landscape structure and change of wetland ecosystem; application of 3S techniques in wetland ecosystem; effective models of wetland resource utilization; synthesis restoration techniques; effective measures of wetland ecosystem management.

Industrial wasteland tourism has rapidly developed in China. In this review, we discussed the progress in tourism resources and tourism planning, including value evaluation of tourism resources, resources and products development, development orientation of tourism, tourism landscape planning method and technology, and the international successful cases. The results show that in contrast to other tourism fields, industrial wasteland tourism is late-formed, with deficiencies for instance the application of mathematical method and the comprehensive development plan of tourism products. It should pay more attention to the following aspects in future studies: quantitative evaluation of tourism resources, the economic and sociological research of industrial wasteland tourism, and the application of landscape ecology and ecology, landscape planning and structure-controlling.

The sustainable development of tourism needs the support of GIS (geographic information system) technology. The aim of this paper is to provide the basis for the Chinese tourism by summarizing the application of GIS technology. In Chinese tourism, GIS mainly applies in the following several aspects: investigation of tourism resources and the development of tourism products; tourism landscape planning including landscape mapping, spatial analysis, tourist communications, landscape visualization; tourism information management; tour guide system and so on. The results show that the GIS technology already widely applied in many aspects in Chinese tourism, many cities and scenic zones established the digital management system to make the management to be more scientific and highly effective. But, there are insufficient in many aspects such as landscape planning & design and the visual emulation. Therefore, it is necessary to pay more attention to the following aspects in future research: researching and developing landscape special-purpose GIS software to make the landscape planning & design to be more scientific and easy to operate; establishing national tourism information management system to realize the resource sharing; establishing the three-dimensional visualization model of scenic zone to provide convenience for the plan, the tour guide and so on; applying GIS in the safe monitor and early warning; combining GIS with market, product, network to make tourism information face to each computer user.

Against the background of conspicuous problem of river pollution in China’s water resources affairs, we made a case study on the Ji River of Gansu Province to apply the principle that water can be naturally purified by plant communities to the functional division and tackling plan of the urban rivers in northwest China. The district section of the Ji River is mainly divided into three parts: (1) the ecological filtration area at the upper reaches; (2) the ecological landscape area at the middle reaches; (3) the ecological purifying area at the lower reaches. Each part has been designed specifically to form the study as a component of the first engineering of Ji River’s reconstruction which has been completed and has got satisfactory ecological effect & economic benefit.