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Electronic components inside mobile phones are regarded as useful tools for accident and retrospective dosimetry using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and thermoluminescence. Components inside the devices with suitable properties for luminescence dosimetry include, amongst others, ceramic substrates in resistors, capacitors, transistors and antenna switches. Checking the performance of such devices in dosimetric experiments is a crucial step towards developing a reliable dosimetry system for emergency situations using personal belongings. Here, the results of dose assessment experiments using irradiated mobile phones are reported. It will be shown that simple regenerative dose estimates, derived from various types of components removed from different mobile phone models, are consistent with the given dose, after applying an average fading correction factor. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background: In acute ischemic stroke (AIS), neuropsychological deficits and their long-term impact are insufficiently studied. We studied pure aphasic AIS patients, their short-term aphasiological course, predictors of persisting aphasia, and their outcome., Methods: In the ASTRAL Registry, we assessed all pure aphasic AIS patients from 2003-2019, and reviewed their neuropsychological examination performed after 3-10 days. We identified factors associated with persistent significant aphasia in the subacute phase, and predictors of unfavourable functional outcome at 3 months (mRS≥ 2), using multivariate analyses (MVA)., Results: Among 4513 consecutive AISs, 131 (2.9 %) had pure aphasia at admission. Eighty-one had a good quality neuropsychological examination and were analysed further (median age 76.3yrs; 44.4 % female; 6.2 % left-handed; 27.2 % treated by acute revascularization). Of these, 28.4 % still had significant aphasia in the subacute phase. Persistent aphasia was independently associated with cardioembolic (OR 13.6, 95 %CI 2.6-70.8) or atheromatous (OR 16.0, 95 %CI 1.9-132.1) stroke mechanisms, and with an executive function deficit on neuropsychological examination (OR 10.5, 95 %CI 2.0-54.4). At 3 months, female gender (OR 4.2, 95 %CI 1.2-15.3) and significant aphasia in the subacute phase (OR 12.0, 95 %CI 3.3-43.6) predicted an mRS≥2., Conclusion: Pure aphasia was present in 2.9 % of all AIS patients and resolved in three-quarters in the subacute phase. Persistent aphasia was associated with embolic stroke mechanisms and concomitant executive function impairment, and poor 3 months outcome, with female gender and enduring subacute aphasia. These data may help with prognostication, management and rehabilitation planning., Key Message: Pure aphasic ischemic stroke is rare and most recover spontaneously within days, and persistent subacute aphasia is associated with defined embolic stroke mechanisms, and concomitant executive dysfunction. Unfavourable functional outcome at 3 months is present in women and if there is persistent subacute aphasia., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors have no potential conflicts of interest with respect to research, authorship and publication of this article., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Neurocognitive disorders (TNC) are of a public health concern. An early and accurate diagnosis is important to tailor a personalised care. We illustrate the importance of a graduated etiological diagnostic approach centered on the clinical presentation employing the case of a patient with a progressive neurovisual disorder suggestive of a common form of Alzheimer's disease. The results of the CSF biomarkers analysis argue against this diagnosis and justifies seeking a Lewy body disease as a differential diagnosis even if all the clinical criteria are initially incomplete. In this article, we illustrate the progressive and graduated approach in the use of complementary medical tests available for reliable and early diagnosis in order to optimise the care plan and predict clinical progress and needs., Competing Interests: Les auteurs n’ont déclaré aucun conflit d’intérêts en relation avec cet article.

Aim: This study aimed to determine the effect of assisted autogenic drainage (AAD) with or without bouncing (BAAD) on both acid and non-acid gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in infants <1 year., Methods: During a 24-h multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH monitoring (MII-pH), infants were treated with a 20-min intervention of AAD (in supine position) or BAAD (in upright position), 2 h postprandial. In this controlled trial with intra-subject design, the number of reflux episodes (REs) was the primary outcome measure. The results during AAD and BAAD were compared to a baseline period before intervention and 20 min after intervention., Results: Overall, 50 infants were included in both groups. During AAD a significant decrease of RE's was found compared to baseline (p = 0.001). No significant differences were found in the BAAD group compared to baseline (p = 0.125)., Conclusion: AAD and BAAD do not cause or increase GER in infants under the age of 1 year., (© 2021 Foundation Acta Paediatrica. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: The Prolonged Slow Expiration Technique (PSE) is an airway clearance technique (ACT) carried out in newborn children with bronchial obstruction and hypersecretion to clear away the mucus from the respiratory tract. Evidence about the effect of PSE on gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is currently lacking in the literature. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of PSE on GER in infants under the age of 1 year. Methods: Infants were observed using multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH monitoring (MII-pH) over 24 h. During monitoring, the participants were treated with one 20 min intervention of PSE in supine position, 2 h after feeding. In this controlled trial with intra-subject design, the number of reflux episodes (REs) during PSE were compared to 20 min before and after PSE. Results: Fifty infants younger than 1 year were screened of whom 22 had a pathological GER. For the entire group, no significant difference was seen in the total number of REs between before, during, or after the PSE treatment ( P = 0.76). No significant difference in total REs was found between the three measuring points ( P = 0.59) in the group of infants with an abnormal MII-pH ( n = 22). Conclusion: PSE does not cause a significant difference in REs in infants younger than 1 year. Registration number: NCT03341585., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Lievens, Vandenplas, Vanlaethem and Van Ginderdeuren.)

Background: Intrapulmonary percussive ventilation (IPV) is an airway clearance technique used at any age to facilitate the removal of secretions from the respiratory tract. The effect of IPV on gastroesophageal reflux(GER) is not well documented. This study aimed to determine the influence of IPV on GER in infants., Methods: During a 24-hour multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH monitoring (MII-pH), infants in the intervention group received a20 minutes session of IPV in upright position, 2 hours postprandial. The control group received no intervention and was placed in the same position for 20 minutes, 2 hours postprandial. The number of reflux episodes (REs) during IPV as compared to the number of REs in the control group during the 20 minutes period., Results: Fifty infants were included in each group;21 infants in the IPV group and 14 infants in the control group were diagnosed with abnormal MII-pH (P = .142). During IPV, the number of REs was significantly lower than in the control group (P < .001). Also in the subgroups with abnormal or normal MII-pH, a significantly lower number of REs during IPV was found (P = .011, P = .011 respectively)., Conclusion: IPV decreases the number of REs in infants independent of the results of MII-pH., (© 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

In this study, six commercial meat starters, each consisting of a pure strain of a lactic acid-fermenting bacterium (including Lactococcus lactis , Lactobacillus curvatus , L. farciminis, L. plantarum, L. sakei , and Pediococcus acidilactici ), were tested for their ability to ferment a paste produced from the yellow mealworm ( Tenebrio molitor ). During fermentation, microbial counts, pH, and the bacterial community composition were determined. In addition, UPLC-MS was applied to monitor the consumption of glucose and the production of glutamic (Glu) and aspartic (Asp) acid. All tested starters were able to ferment the mealworm paste, judged by a pH reduction from 6.68 to 4.60-4.95 within 72 h. Illumina amplicon sequencing showed that all starters were able to colonize the substrate eciently. Moreover, the introduction of the starter cultures led to the disappearance of Bacillus and Clostridium species, which were the dominant microorganisms in un-inoculated samples. Of the six cultures tested, Lactobacillus farciminis was most promising as its application resulted in the largest increase (±25 mg/100 g of paste) in the content of free glutamic and aspartic acid. These amino acids are responsible for the appreciated umami flavour in fermented food products and might stimulate the acceptance of insects and their consumption.

The CARD-coiled coil (CC)/Bcl10/MALT1-like paracaspase (CBM) signaling complexes composed of a CARD-CC family member (CARD-9, -10, -11, or -14), Bcl10, and the type 1 paracaspase MALT1 (PCASP1) play a pivotal role in immunity, inflammation, and cancer. Targeting MALT1 proteolytic activity is of potential therapeutic interest. However, little is known about the evolutionary origin and the original functions of the CBM complex. Type 1 paracaspases originated before the last common ancestor of planulozoa (bilaterians and cnidarians). Notably in bilaterians, Ecdysozoa (e.g., nematodes and insects) lacks Bcl10, whereas other lineages have a Bcl10 homolog. A survey of invertebrate CARD-CC homologs revealed such homologs only in species with Bcl10, indicating an ancient common origin of the entire CBM complex. Furthermore, vertebrate-like Syk/Zap70 tyrosine kinase homologs with the ITAM-binding SH2 domain were only found in invertebrate organisms with CARD-CC/Bcl10, indicating that this pathway might be related to the original function of the CBM complex. Moreover, the type 1 paracaspase sequences from invertebrate organisms that have CARD-CC/Bcl10 are more similar to vertebrate paracaspases. Functional analysis of protein-protein interactions, NF-κB signaling, and CYLD cleavage for selected invertebrate type 1 paracaspase and Bcl10 homologs supports this scenario and indicates an ancient origin of the CARD-CC/Bcl10/paracaspase signaling complex. By contrast, many of the known MALT1-associated activities evolved fairly recently, indicating that unknown functions are at the basis of the protein conservation. As a proof-of-concept, we provide initial evidence for a CBM- and NF-κB-independent neuronal function of the Caenorhabditis elegans type 1 paracaspase malt-1. In conclusion, this study shows how evolutionary insights may point at alternative functions of MALT1.

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a sesquiterpene signaling molecule produced in all kingdoms of life. To date, the best known functions of ABA are derived from its role as a major phytohormone in plant abiotic stress resistance. Different organisms have developed different biosynthesis and signal transduction pathways related to ABA. Despite this, there are also intriguing common themes where ABA often suppresses host immune responses and is utilized by pathogens as an effector molecule. ABA also seems to play an important role in compatible mutualistic interactions such as mycorrhiza and rhizosphere bacteria with plants, and possibly also the animal gut microbiome. The frequent use of ABA in inter-species communication could be a possible reason for the wide distribution and re-invention of ABA as a signaling molecule in different organisms. In humans and animal models, it has been shown that ABA treatment or nutrient-derived ABA is beneficial in inflammatory diseases like colitis and type 2 diabetes, which confer potential to ABA as an interesting nutraceutical or pharmacognostic drug. The anti-inflammatory activity, cellular metabolic reprogramming, and other beneficial physiological and psychological effects of ABA treatment in humans and animal models has sparked an interest in this molecule and its signaling pathway as a novel pharmacological target. In contrast to plants, however, very little is known about the ABA biosynthesis and signaling in other organisms. Genes, tools and knowledge about ABA from plant sciences and studies of phytopathogenic fungi might benefit biomedical studies on the physiological role of endogenously generated ABA in humans.

Background and Objective: Evidence indicates that vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) and oral anticoagulant therapy are under-utilised for stroke prevention in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF), and patients who decline or cannot tolerate such treatment are often prescribed aspirin instead. Apixaban has been shown in the AVERROES trial to be superior to aspirin in preventing stroke and systemic embolism without significantly increasing the risk of major bleeding among patients with AF who are unsuitable for VKA therapy. This study estimates the economic implications and potential cost effectiveness of apixaban compared with aspirin in such individuals from the perspective of healthcare payers in Belgium., Methods: A Markov model was developed to evaluate the clinical and economic impact of apixaban compared with aspirin in patients unsuitable for VKA therapy. The clinical events modelled include ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke, systemic embolism, intracranial haemorrhage, other major bleeding, clinically relevant non-major bleeding, myocardial infarction, cardiovascular hospitalisation and treatment discontinuations obtained from AVERROES. Outcomes included life-years and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained, costs and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) over a lifetime., Results: Apixaban was projected to increase life expectancy and QALYs compared with aspirin, with an associated increase in drug acquisition costs. The estimated ICER was 7,334 per QALY gained with apixaban compared with aspirin., Conclusions: Apixaban is a cost-effective alternative to aspirin for patients with AF in Belgium who decline or cannot tolerate VKA treatment.

Social phobics exhibit an attentional bias for threat in probe detection paradigms. Attention training, whereby probes always replace non-threat in a display presenting both threat and non-threat, reduces attentional bias for threat and social anxiety. However, it remains unclear whether therapeutic benefits result from learning to disengage attention from threat or learning to orient attention towards non-threat. In this experiment, social phobics were randomly assigned to one of four training conditions: (1) disengagement from threat, (2) engagement towards non-threat, (3) disengagement from threat and re-engagement towards non-threat, and (4) a control condition. Effects were examined on subjective and behavioral responses to a subsequent stressor. Data revealed that training to disengage from threat reduces behavioral indices of anxiety. Engagement towards non-threat faces did not have effects in itself. These results support that the difficulty in disengaging attention from threat is a critical process in maintenance of the disorder., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)