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In a sample of 70 chronic pain patients, hierarchical multiple regression analyses were utilized to assess the additive and interactive contributions of pain severity and psychological distress variables to neurocognitive performance across attention and concentration, memory, and reasoning ability domains. Although the full model predicting attention and concentration was found to be significant, there was no significant contribution of pain severity psychological distress, or the Pain Severity × Psychological Distress interaction to the prediction of attention and concentration scores after controlling for the effect of years of formal education. After controlling for the effect of years of formal education, pain severity and psychological distress did make separate and significant contributions to the prediction of memory scores; however, the Pain Severity × Psychological Distress interaction did not significantly affect memory scores. After controlling for the effect of years of formal education, there was no significant contribution of pain severity, psychological distress, or the Pain Severity × Psychological Distress interaction to reasoning ability scores. Results suggest the importance of assessing memory function when managing psychologically distressed chronic pain patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mười sáu dòng nấm ăn ở các tỉnh Đồng bằng Sông Cửu Long đã được thu thập để khảo sát đa dạng di truyền. Quả thể các loài nấm được thu thập và phân lập trên môi trường Chang. DNA từ các tơ nấm được phân lập theo quy trình Gardes và Bruns (1993) có hiệu chỉnh. Vùng ITS1 + 5,8S+ ITS2 được khuếch đại bằng PCR với 2 cặp mồi ITS1, ITS4. Trình tự ITS của 16 dòng nấm được phân tích và xác lập giản đồ phả hệ. Kết quả đã xác định các mẫu nấm rơm khảo sát đều thuộc loài Volvariella volvaceae, các mẫu nấm bào ngư trắng thuộc loài Pleurotus ostreatus, các mẫu nấm bào ngư Nhật thuộc loài Pleurotus cytidiosus, nấm bào ngư xám thuộc loài Pleurotus pulmonarius, hai mẫu nấm kim châm thuộc loài Flammulina velutipes. Đối với các mẫu nấm linh chi thuộc 3 loài: Ganoderma lucidum, Ganoderma gibbosum và Ganoderma tropicum. Giản đồ phả hệ cũng cho thấy mức tương quan di truyền giữa các loài nấm khảo sát với mức gắn bó bootstrap cao, có thể kết luận các loài này có nguồn gốc rất gần.

Tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) have been shown to promote immunosuppression and tumor progression, and a high TAN frequency predicts poor prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Dysregulation of CREB-binding protein (CBP)/P300 function has been observed with multiple cancer types. The bromodomain (BRD) of CBP/P300 has been shown to regulate its activity. In this study, we found that IACS-70654, a selective CBP/P300 BRD inhibitor, reduced TANs and inhibited the growth of neutrophil-enriched TNBC models. In the bone marrow, CBP/P300 BRD inhibition reduced the tumor-driven abnormal differentiation and proliferation of neutrophil progenitors. Inhibition of CBP/P300 BRD also stimulated the immune response by inducing an IFN response and MHCI expression in tumor cells and increasing tumor-infiltrated cytotoxic T cells. Moreover, IACS-70654 improved the response of a neutrophil-enriched TNBC model to docetaxel and immune checkpoint blockade. This provides a rationale for combining a CBP/P300 BRD inhibitor with standard-of-care therapies in future clinical trials for neutrophil-enriched TNBC.

Protein synthesis is frequently dysregulated in cancer and selective inhibition of mRNA translation represents an attractive cancer therapy. Here, we show that therapeutically targeting the RNA helicase eIF4A with zotatifin, the first-in-class eIF4A inhibitor, exerts pleiotropic effects on both tumor cells and the tumor immune microenvironment in a diverse cohort of syngeneic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) mouse models. Zotatifin not only suppresses tumor cell proliferation but also directly repolarizes macrophages toward an M1-like phenotype and inhibits neutrophil infiltration, which sensitizes tumors to immune checkpoint blockade. Mechanistic studies revealed that zotatifin reprograms the tumor translational landscape, inhibits the translation of Sox4 and Fgfr1, and induces an interferon (IFN) response uniformly across models. The induction of an IFN response is partially due to the inhibition of Sox4 translation by zotatifin. A similar induction of IFN-stimulated genes was observed in breast cancer patient biopsies following zotatifin treatment. Surprisingly, zotatifin significantly synergizes with carboplatin to trigger DNA damage and an even heightened IFN response, resulting in T cell-dependent tumor suppression. These studies identified a vulnerability of eIF4A in TNBC, potential pharmacodynamic biomarkers for zotatifin, and provide a rationale for new combination regimens consisting of zotatifin and chemotherapy or immunotherapy as treatments for TNBC.

Highly effective modulator therapies (HEMTs) have revolutionised the management approach of most patients living with cystic fibrosis (CF) who have access to these therapies. Clinical trials have reported significant improvements across multiorgan systems, with patients surviving longer. However, there are accumulating case reports and observational data describing various adverse events following initiation of HEMTs including drug-to-drug interactions, drug induced liver injury, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and neurocognitive symptoms including psychosis and depression, which have required discontinuation of therapy. Current clinical trials are assessing efficacy in younger patients with CF, yet long-term studies are also required to better understand the safety profile in the real-world setting across all ages and the impact of HEMT dose alteration or discontinuation., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Crown Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Markers of bone metabolism have been associated with muscle mass and function. Whether serum cross-linked C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen (CTX) is also associated with these measures in older adults remains unknown., Methods: In community-dwelling older adults at high risk of falls and fractures, serum CTX (biochemical immunoassays) was used as the exposure, while appendicular lean mass (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry) and muscle function (grip strength [hydraulic dynamometer], short physical performance battery [SPPB], gait speed, sit-to-stand, balance, Timed Up and Go [TUG]) were used as outcomes. Potential covariates including demographic, lifestyle, and clinical factors were considered in statistical models. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated for significant outcomes., Results: Two hundred and ninety-nine older adults (median age: 79 years, interquartile range: 73, 84; 75.6% women) were included. In multivariable models, CTX was negatively associated with SPPB (β = 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.92, 0.98) and balance (β = 0.92, 0.86, 0.99) scores, and positively associated with sit-to-stand (β = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.05) and TUG (β = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.05). Trend line for gait speed (β = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98, 1.01) was in the hypothesized direction but did not reach significance. Area under the ROC curves showed low diagnostic power (<0.7) of CTX in identifying poor muscle function (SPPB: 0.63; sit-to-stand: 0.64; TUG: 0.61)., Conclusions: In older adults, higher CTX levels were associated with poorer lower-limb muscle function (but showed poor diagnostic power for these measures). These clinical data build on the biomedical link between bone and muscle., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Paediatric spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) management continues to lack paediatric-specific guideline recommendations. There have been increasing reports of paediatric retrospective case studies supplemented by important well designed RCT (predominantly) adult studies. Taken together, these suggest that conservative management may have an increasing role to play in the management of PSP and that aspiration may have limited utility as a first line intervention. Our local experience, as part of a multicentre retrospective analysis and subsequent audit of management since, corroborates recent published data: it highlights an increasing trend towards conservative management in spontaneous pneumothorax with similar rates of recurrence, compared to intervention, and low use of aspiration with similarly low success rates. We have therefore updated our local practice guidelines and share these with readers. Specifically, we have removed aspiration in the management of primary spontaneous pneumothorax and reserved intervention for children who are clinically unstable or show evidence of increasing air leak irrespective of pneumothorax size. Whilst the success of this change in clinical practice will need to be reviewed in the next 5-10 years, the overall low incidence of the condition, demands a multicentre, and probably multinational, collaborative approach to allow the best chance of obtaining definitive evidence to guide clinical paediatric management., (Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Allopurinol (ALP) is commonly used as a drug for gout treatment. However, ALP is known to cause cutaneous adverse reactions (CARs) in patients. The HLA-B * 58:01 allele is considered a biomarker of severe CAR (SCAR) in patients with gout, with symptoms of Stevens Johnson syndrome, and with toxic epidermal necrolysis. However, in patients with gout and mild cutaneous adverse drug reactions (MCARs), the role of HLA-allele polymorphisms has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, 50 samples from ALP-tolerant patients and ALP-induced MCARs patients were genotyped in order to examine the polymorphisms of their HLA-A and HLA-B alleles. Our results showed that the frequencies of HLA-A * 02:01/HLA-A * 24:02 and HLA-A * 02:01/HLA-A * 29:01, the dual haplotypes in HLA-A, in patients with ALP-induced MCARs were relatively high, at 33.3% (7/21), which was HLA-B * 58:01-independent, while the frequency of these dual haplotypes in the HLA-A locus in ALP-tolerant patients was only 3.45% (1/29). The HLA-B * 58:01 allele was detected in 38% (8/21) of patients with ALP-induced MCARs, and in 3.45% (1/29) of ALP-tolerant patients. Notably, although HLA-B * 58:01 may be a cause for the occurrence of MCARs in patients with gout, this correlation was not as strong as that previously reported in patients with SCAR. In conclusion, in addition to the HLA-B * 58:01 allele, the presence of the dual haplotypes of HLA-A * 02:01/HLA-A * 24:02 and/or HLA-A * 02:01/HLA-A * 29:01 in the HLA-A locus may also play an important role in the appearance of ALP-induced MCARs in the Vietnamese population. The obtained primary data may contribute to the development of suitable treatments for patients with gout not only in Vietnam but also in other Asian countries.

Repeated column chromatography of the n-hexane extract of Ficus hirta leaves (Moraceae) led to isolation of a new oleanane triterpene, 3 β -hydroxy-11-oxo-olean-12-enyl-3-stearate ( 1 ) in addition to three known compounds, taraxerol ( 2 ), 3 β -acetoxy-11 α -methoxy-12-ursene ( 3 ) and 3 β -acetoxy-11 α -hydroxy-12-ursene ( 4 ). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and by comparison with data reported in the literatures.

This work aimed to investigate the application of a solid acid catalyst, a replacement for mineral acids or enzymes, to biomass conversion for further applications. Sulfonated zeolite, HSO 3 -ZSM-5, was successfully synthesized and characterized by several analysis techniques. The obtained catalyst showed high activity and efficiency in the hydrolysis of pretreated corn cob. Moreover, the acidity of the zeolite product positively influenced the biomass conversion. The influences of reaction parameters such as catalyst loading, reaction time and temperature on the hydrolysis were also established. Under suitable conditions, a hydrolysis yield of ∼54% was achieved. This recyclable solid acid catalyst provided a promising potential for applications in many industrially important hydrolysis processes of biomass., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Introduction This study aimed to (a) examine eHealth literacy, beliefs, and behaviours in parents of children with complex CHD, and (b) identify parents' preferences for the content, format, features, and functions of eHealth resources for CHD. Materials and methods Families (n=198) of children born between 2008 and 2011 and diagnosed with CHD requiring surgery were mailed a survey assessing a range of variables including eHealth literacy, beliefs, and behaviours as well as preferences for the format, functions, features, and content of eHealth resources for CHD., Results: A total of 132 parents (83 mothers, 49 fathers) completed the survey (response rate: 50%). Mothers (96%) were more likely to access eHealth resources than fathers (83%, χ2=6.74, p=0.009). Despite high eHealth resource use, eHealth literacy was relatively low, with results demonstrating considerable and widespread gaps in awareness of, access to, and communication about eHealth resources. Over 50% of parents reported that decisions regarding their child's healthcare were influenced, to some extent, by web-based resources. Barriers to doctor-patient communication about eHealth included limited consultation time and concern about doctors' disapproval. Participants demonstrated a strong desire for "eHealth prescriptions" from their child's healthcare team, and perceived a wide range of eHealth topics as highly important, including treatment-related complications as well as physical, cognitive, and emotional development in children with CHD. Discussion Results suggest a need for stronger, more proactive partnerships between clinicians, researchers, educators, technologists, and patients and families to bring about meaningful innovations in the development and implementation of eHealth interventions in paediatric cardiology.

To determine the efficacy of pyridoxine in treating seizures, 90 infants and children with recurrent convulsions primarily due to acute infectious diseases were enrolled in the present study. Forty patients were treated with high-dose pyridoxine (30 or 50 mg/kg/day) by intravenous infusion, and 50 subjects served as controls. Antiepileptic drugs and other therapies were similar in the two groups except for pyridoxine. Clinical efficacy criteria were based on the frequency of convulsions per day and on the duration of individual seizures after therapy was initiated. The results indicated that total response rates in the pyridoxine group and control group were 92.5% and 64%, respectively (chi-square = 14.68, P < .001). After initiation of therapy, seizures resolved after 2.4 +/- 1.4 days in the pyridoxine group and after 3.7 +/- 2.0 days in the control group (t = 3.67, P < .001). No adverse effects of pyridoxine were apparent during the observation period. We conclude that pyridoxine is an effective, safe, well-tolerated, and relatively inexpensive adjunct to routine antiepileptic drugs for treatment of recurrent seizures in children.

Current laser dentistry since our initial studies in 1964 is reviewed. Three areas are considered: routine dental office practice, tooth restoration, and oral surgery. For tooth restoration and oral surgery, CO2 and neodymium:YAG lasers are used and lasers are used in photodynamic therapy for oral cancer. Dental office practice today is concerned mostly with uncontrolled studies of biostimulation and requires more basic research and controlled clinical studies. The laser industry in the United States should take a more active interest in defining the applications of lasers in dentistry.