20 results on '"Lichterman BL"'
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2. Reviews.
- Author
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Lichterman BL, Charatan F, and Sen P
- Published
- 2006
Catalog
3. Introduction.
- Author
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Lichterman BL
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Ethics in psychosurgery.
- Author
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Lichterman BL
- Subjects
- Humans, Psychosurgery methods
- Abstract
Ethical problems of psychosurgery are debated since 1970s. The issues of informed consent, political and commercial abuses, lacking evidence and needed regulation are overviewed. New surgical techniques provoke new discussions on goals and limits of psychosurgery., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.) more...
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. A comparative history of psychosurgery.
- Author
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Lichterman BL, Schulder M, Liu B, Yang X, and Taira T
- Subjects
- Emotions, History, 20th Century, Humans, Neuroimaging, Prefrontal Cortex, Mental Disorders surgery, Psychosurgery
- Abstract
The term "psychosurgery" reflecting neurosurgical treatment of mental disorders, was coined by a Portuguese neurologist Egas Moniz (1874-1955), who, in 1935, suggested a procedure named prefrontal leucotomy (or lobotomy) aimed to divide white matter tracts connecting prefrontal cortex and thalamus. Starting from 1936, this technique and its subsequent modification (transorbital lobotomy) was zealously promoted by a neurologist Walter Freeman (1895-1972) and a neurosurgeon James Watts (1904-1994) at George Washington University, who in 1942 summarized their experience in a monograph, which publication resulted in a tremendous worldwide interest in psychosurgical interventions. The present review describes comparative development of prefrontal leucotomy followed by stereotactic ablation and neurostimulation in three different geographical regions: USA, USSR/Russia, and Far East (China and Japan), where psychosurgery followed nearly similar courses, progressing from the initial enthusiasm and high clinical caseloads to nearly complete disregard. The opposition to neurosurgical interventions for mental disorders around the world was led by different groups and for varying reasons, but, unfortunately, always with political considerations mixed in. Today, with vast advancements in neuroimaging, stereotactic neurosurgical techniques, and physiological knowledge, psychiatric neurosurgery can be performed with much greater precision and safety., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.) more...
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. A Humanist Neurosurgeon: A Legacy of Dr. Roy Selby.
- Author
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Lichterman BL, Wong SN, and Likhterman LB
- Subjects
- History, 20th Century, History, 21st Century, Malaysia, Neurosurgery education, United States, Humanism, Neurosurgery history
- Abstract
The article is dedicated to the life and work of Dr. Roy Selby (1930-2002), an American neurosurgeon who founded neurosurgery in Malaysia. Dr. Selby stayed in Malaysia from July 1963 to May 1970. He opened the first neurosurgical department at the general hospital in Kuala Lumpur and established a training program under which Malaysian physicians and nurses were sent to neurosurgery centers in the United States and Canada. Some physicians came back and headed local neurosurgical units. On his return to the United States, Dr. Selby practiced neurosurgery until 1986, when he had to give it up due to the impact of progressive congestive heart failure. From 1986 to 1994, Dr. Selby taught graduate courses in the Department of Psychology at East Texas State University, Texarkana, Texas. He was a pioneer of spinal surgery and founded the Lumbar Spine Society. Dr. Selby was a world citizen neurosurgeon and advocated international standards of training in neurosurgery. From 1985 to 1994, he was chairman of the Archives Committee of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons. Dr. Selby serves as a model of a physician as a humanist., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.) more...
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. [Modern approaches to the diagnosis of head injury].
- Author
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Likhterman LB, Kravchuk AD, Okhlopkov VA, and Lichterman BL
- Subjects
- Humans, Neurosurgical Procedures, Prognosis, Craniocerebral Trauma diagnostic imaging, Craniocerebral Trauma surgery, Neuroimaging, Neurosurgery
- Abstract
The diagnosis of head injury should be based on certain principles. Each of them is important and has its own history. The authors summarize the experience of treatment of head injury using clinical and neuroimaging methods at the NN Burdenko Neurosurgery Institute (now the NN Burdenko National Research Center for Neurosurgery) for more than 30 years. The following principles of diagnosis of head injury were suggested and tested in clinical practice: severity of patient's state; clinical syndromes; topical diagnosis; neuroimaging; phasicity; age-related approach; data synthesis; sufficiency; individual approach. Taken together, these principles provide complete personalized diagnosis and prognosis which allow choosing an optimal management of the patient. The strategy for better diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of head injury is the combined use of clinical, neuroimaging and ethical approaches. more...
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. [Founder of endovasal neurosurgery: 90th anniversary of F. Serbinenko (1928-2002)].
- Author
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Lichterman BL, Likhterman LB, Smirnov NA, Tissen TP, and Yakovlev SB
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. [III-rd international conference "basic and applied aspects of mental recovery after traumatic brain injury: a multidisciplinary approach"].
- Author
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Lichterman BL
- Subjects
- Brain Injuries rehabilitation, Brain Injuries therapy, Humans, Psychology, Medical methods, Brain Injuries psychology
- Published
- 2014
10. Mark B. Mirsky: a leading Russian historian of medicine and surgery (1930-2010).
- Author
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Lichterman BL and Mirsky VM
- Subjects
- History, 20th Century, History, 21st Century, Humans, Russia, USSR, General Surgery history, Journalism, Medical history, Periodicals as Topic history, Politics
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. The Moscow Colloquium on Electroencephalography of Higher Nervous Activity and its impact on international brain research.
- Author
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Lichterman BL
- Subjects
- Central Nervous System physiology, History, 20th Century, Humans, Internationality, Moscow, Brain physiology, Congresses as Topic history, Electroencephalography history, Neurophysiology history
- Abstract
Late 1950s was a period of recognition of Russian neurophysiology by international neuroscience community and vice versa. This process of "opening windows in both directions" might be illustrated by the story of The Moscow Colloquium on Electroencephalography of Higher Nervous Activity. The Colloquium took place on October 6-11, 1958 at the House of Scientists in Moscow. It was organized by the Academy of Sciences of the USSR under the initiative of the Institute for Higher Nervous Activity and focused on (a) EEG correlates of cortical excitation and inhibition; (b) electrophysiological study of different brain structures and their role in conditioned reflexes; and (c) EEG of higher nervous activity in humans. At the final session it was suggested to launch an International Year for the Study of the Brain and to ask UNESCO for international coordination of brain research. This resulted into the International Brain Research Organization (IBRO) founded in 1960. This article is based on unpublished records of international contacts of Soviet neurophysiologists and organization of the Moscow Colloquium from the Archive of Russian Academy of Science (ARAN), reports in Soviet periodicals, publications in obscure Festschriften, etc. more...
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Medical ethics in Russia before the October revolution (1917).
- Author
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Lichterman BL and Yarovinsky M
- Subjects
- Bioethical Issues history, Codes of Ethics history, History, 17th Century, History, 18th Century, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, Medicine in Literature, Political Systems history, Russia (Pre-1917), Societies, Medical history, Ethics, Medical history, History of Medicine
- Abstract
The evolution of medical ethics in Russia was determined by several factors. First, such Russian concepts as "obshina" (community" and "sobornost" (counciliarism) determined the supremacy of the collective body over the individual body, the state over a person etc. There is no analogue for "privacy" in the Russian language. Second, Russian medical doctors with university degrees appeared only in the 18th century after the politics of westernization by Peter the Great (1672-1725). Medical ethics probably starts from Prof. Matvei Mudrov (1776-1831) of Moscow who followed the Hippocratic credo "to treat not a disease but a patient". Third, after serfdom had been abolished in 1861 medical care in many rural regions was provided by zemstva (local elected councils). Zemskie medical doctors had idealistic views of self-sacrificing for the service to society and to the people. On the other hand, while dealing with illiterate peasants paternalism was a necessity. Ethical problems of healthcare and medicine were a subject of intense discussions both in professional and popular literature. A weekly periodical "Vrach" edited by V. Manassein played an important role in this discourse. Local medical societies adopted their own ethical codes but an All-Russian code of medical ethics was never formulated because the country lacked a national medical society. "Confessions of a physician" by Vikenty Veresaev published in 1901 put problems of doctor-patient relationship and human experimentation in the centre of public debates both nationally and internationally. Two Russian editions of "Aerztliche Ethik" by Albert Moll also contributed to the discourse on medical ethics in Russia. Medicine as a money-making activity was criticized and ridiculed in Russian literature (see, for example, Tolstoy's novels and Chekhov's stories). Medical morality was generally understood as moral life in action when deeds are much more important than words (e.g. formal codes of medical ethics). more...
- Published
- 2005
13. Under the shelter of ethics.
- Author
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Lichterman BL
- Subjects
- Advisory Committees organization & administration, Clinical Trials as Topic, Drug Industry, Ethics Committees legislation & jurisprudence, Ethics Committees, Research history, History, 20th Century, Humans, Publishing, Russia, Societies, Medical, Ethics Committees organization & administration, Ethics Committees, Research organization & administration
- Abstract
Problems of ethics committees in post-communist Russia are briefly discussed. The first ethics committees were established in 1980s upon the initiative of international pharmaceutical companies involved in clinical trials. Generally, such committees exist at hospitals conducting these trials and at research institutions dealing with human experimentation. They are bureaucratic structures heavily dependent on hospital or institution administration. Publication of research results in international periodicals is the main reason for their existence. An officially recognized National Ethics Committee is non-existent although there are several competing ethics committees at a national level (at the Ministry of Health, Academy of Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Russian Medical association etc.). There is no federal legislation on the structure and status of ethics committees. more...
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Basic problems of medical ethics in Russia in a historical context.
- Author
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Lichterman BL
- Subjects
- Abortion, Induced history, Abortion, Induced legislation & jurisprudence, Commitment of Mentally Ill history, Confidentiality history, Dissent and Disputes, Euthanasia history, Euthanasia legislation & jurisprudence, Female, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, Human Experimentation history, Humans, Informed Consent history, Organ Transplantation history, Organ Transplantation legislation & jurisprudence, Politics, Pregnancy, Russia (Pre-1917), Tissue and Organ Procurement history, Tissue and Organ Procurement legislation & jurisprudence, Truth Disclosure, USSR, Bioethical Issues history, Ethics, Medical history, History of Medicine
- Abstract
The paper provides a short overview of key problems of medical ethics in the Russian and Soviet contexts--confidentiality, informed consent, human experimentation, abortion, euthanasia, organ and tissue transplantation, abuse of psychiatry. In Soviet ideology common interests were declared superior to private ones. Hence, medical confidentiality was viewed as a bourgeois survival. On the other hand, diagnosis was normally not disclosed to a patient in the case of an incurable disease (especially cancer). Due to the strong paternalistic traditions of Russian medicine the idea of informed consent is still disputed by many physicians. Abortions were first legalized in Soviet Russia in 1920. A brief history of this landmark event is provided. However, abortions were forbidden in 1936 and legalized again only in 1955. Active euthanasia was legalized in Soviet Russia in 1922 but for a short period. Federal law regulating human transplantation was adopted only in 1992 and based on the presumed consent model. Until then forensic autopsy and procurement of cadaver organs were viewed as equal procedures. In 1960s-1980s there was a practice of declaring political dissidents insane in their involuntary treatment. more...
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Soviet medical ethics (1917-1991).
- Author
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Lichterman BL
- Subjects
- Bioethics education, Codes of Ethics history, Ethics, Medical education, History, 20th Century, Physicians history, Physicians statistics & numerical data, Political Systems, Public Health Administration history, State Medicine economics, State Medicine history, State Medicine organization & administration, Terminology as Topic, USSR, Bioethics history, Communism history, Ethics, Medical history, History of Medicine
- Abstract
Russian medical ethics bears a heavy mark of seven decades of the communist regime. In 1918 the Health Care Commissariat (ministry) was formed. It was headed by Nikolai Semashko (1874-1949) who claimed that "the ethics of the Soviet physician is an ethics of our socialist motherland, an ethics of a builder of communist society; it is equal to communist moral". "Medical ethics" had been avoided until the late 1930s when it was replaced by "medical (or surgical) deontology". This "deontological" period started with "Problems of surgical deontology" written by N. Petrov, a surgeon, and lasted for almost half a century until "medical deontology" was abandoned in favor of "bioethics" in post-communist Russia. There have been five All-Union conferences on medical deontology since 1969. The story of the emergence of "The Oath of a Soviet Physician" is briefly described. The text of this Oath was approved by a special decree of the Soviet Parliament in 1971. Each graduate of medical school in USSR was obliged to take this Oath when receiving his or her medical diploma. It is concluded that such ideas of zemstvo medicine as universal access to health care and condemnation of private practice were put into practice under the communist regime. more...
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Virchow goes east: Russian-German links in pathology and neuropathology in nineteenth and twentieth century.
- Author
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Lichterman BL
- Subjects
- Germany, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, Russia, Neurology history, Pathology history
- Published
- 2003
17. Teaching history of medicine at Russian medical schools: past, present, and future.
- Author
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Zhuravleva TV, Lichterman BL, and Lisitsyn YP
- Subjects
- Curriculum, History, 20th Century, Russia, Schools, Medical, Teaching methods, Education, Medical, History of Medicine
- Abstract
Teaching history of medicine at Russian medical schools has a long tradition. It always reflected the general political situation in the country. The present program has been approved by the Ministry of Health 10 years ago. History of medicine is an obligatory subject taught at the first or second year of medical school. The course usually has 40 hours, equally split between lectures and seminars, and the program is focused on Russian medicine. Here we analyze the existing textbooks on the history of medicine and their drawbacks (ideologization, inventing of national priorities in medical discoveries, and avoiding the 20th-century medicine). To improve teaching of the history of medicine, longer courses and written exams are needed. There is also an evident need of writing a new textbook on the history of medicine. more...
- Published
- 1999
18. Roots and routes of Russian neurosurgery (from surgical neurology towards neurological surgery).
- Author
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Lichterman BL
- Subjects
- History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, Russia, Neurosurgery history
- Abstract
Regular and purposeful neurosurgical interventions started at the end of the nineteenth century. Both surgical and neurological roots of the emerging speciality could be traced. The surgical roots of neurosurgery were the invention of anaesthesia, aseptics and antiseptics which made brain operations relatively safe and markedly reduced postoperative mortality. The neurological roots were the improvement of topical diagnosis in neurology and the understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system. The first operating room at the neurology department of the Russian Military Medical Academy was established in 1897 by the famous Russian neurologist and psychiatrist Vladimir Bekhterev (1857-1927). According to Bekhterev, neurology should become a surgical speciality like gynaecology or opthalmology and "neurologists will take a knife in their hands and do what they should do". Bekhterev's pupil Ludwig Puusepp (1875-1942) became the first full-time Russian neurosurgeon ("surgical neurologist"). He headed the first university course in surgical neurology in the world organised in 1909 at Bekhterev's Psychoneurological Institutte in St. Petersburg and bacame professor of surgical neurology in 1910. The role of neurologist might be illustrated by the development of a sterotactic instrument named "encephalometer" designed by D. Zernov in 1889 and improved by G. Rossolimo in 1907. The idea was to map cerebral structures in degrees of latitude and longitude similar to mapping the terrestrial globe in order to localise the brain lesion and enhance its minimally invasive removal.... more...
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. On the history of psychosurgery in Russia.
- Author
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Lichterman BL
- Subjects
- History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, Humans, Mental Disorders history, Mental Disorders surgery, Russia, Psychosurgery history
- Abstract
The history of psychosurgery in Russia can be divided into 3 periods: The first period starts at the turn of the century under the initiative of Bekhterev. His pupil and one of the fathers of Russian neurosurgery Puusepp performed leucotomy-like cuttings of frontal association fibers in manic-depressive cases and psychic equivalents of epileptics as early as 1906-1910. The second period includes the time from the late 1930ies till the late 1940ies. The classical leucotomy of Moniz and Lima, with some modifications, was used for treatment of schizophrenia and severe pain. In 1950 psychosurgery was prohibited by the special order of the Minister of Health of the USSR for ideological reasons. The third period starts in the early 1980ies with the acceptance of modern stereotactic techniques for treatment of intractable pain and obsessive-compulsive disorders. more...
- Published
- 1993
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Endo-suprasellar teratoma with teeth formation. Case report.
- Author
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Konovalov AN, Lichterman BL, and Korshunov AG
- Subjects
- Brain Neoplasms pathology, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Neurologic Examination, Postoperative Complications diagnosis, Sella Turcica pathology, Teratoma pathology, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Brain Neoplasms surgery, Sella Turcica surgery, Teratoma surgery, Tooth
- Abstract
A highly ossified teratoma was diagnosed and surgically treated in a 2-year old girl. More than 150 teeth were macroscopically identified during the operation. Pathological study established the diagnosis of mature teratoma with teeth formation. Only six analogous cases have been reported previously and only two patients survived the operation. more...
- Published
- 1992
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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