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The night train hub Berlin is a station specifically designed for night train travel. This would be for a future scenario where long-distance travel throughout Europe is done by night trains. The design is located in the east of Berlin where Station Berlin Lichtenberg is now. Currently, it is an underutilized station. The main reason for this future of night train travel would be sustainability. To convince people to travel sustainable, comfort is an important theme. The design tries to balance comfort on one hand and sustainability on the other hand. Comfort is integrated in the design of the station, through the program of the building but also materialization and the architectural theme of light. The latter is in important since the design also deals with the time-specificness of night train travel. With trains always departing in the evening and arriving in the morning. The new station design has three entrances and a square which covers the train tracks to add public space to the city of Berlin. Next to that the design contains a central station hall which houses a lounge and a capsule hotel. This will be the first impression people have of Berlin when they arrive by night train., Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences | Complex Projects

The search for a transparent, reversible, and reusable consolidation system for monuments led to the ambition to test possible cast glass interlocking brick designs using numerical calculations. The focus of this research is hence the design, simulation and evaluation of a possible cast glass interlocking geometry using Finite Element Analysis (FEA). For this purpose, design criteria are formulated from literature; considering glass, polyurethane (used as interlayer) and interlocking systems. As interlocking systems are determined by their boundary conditions, a case study of a monument is chosen to provide additional design criteria. The goal of the case study is to provide a reversible and reusable restoration and consolidation alternative for the current invalid restorations. The design criteria obtained then are combined into an initial geometry, whose parameters are varied to test their sensitivity to its shear capacity, using FEA. Christensen’s failure criterion is used to locate prone areas in the geometry, and to evaluate the theoretical moment of failure. This output value combines the three principal stresses into a failure envelope, hence can generate contour plots to envision peak-stress-prone areas. This is important especially for glass structures, as they are prone to peak tensile stresses. From the results design diagrams are created and applied on a conceptual cast glass interlocking consolidation design for the monument chosen as case study: The Lichtenberg Castle ruin. The initial design is moreover prototyped to check its interlocking capabilities, residual stresses and deviations introduced by shrinkage. Being able to evaluate possible geometries using FEA can decrease costs and time when searching for a new interlocking geometry. Prone areas are easily highlighted using the Christensen’s failure criterion output. Hence peak stress sensitive or invalid geometries can be discarded before reaching the prototyping stage, w, 4TU Bouw, Civil Engineering | Building Engineering - Structural Design

U exploration, resource development and mining have increased significantly since 2003 with the interest in nuclear power, and modern operations are required to take a holistic approach to project development with sustainability as a key concept. The balanced approach must take into account social, economic and environmental factors together. Past experience with U mining and remediation is reviewed with reference to the attitude of the regulators in different countries. A major concern has been the costs of remediation, particularly where they were not included in the original planning. Mine remediation should maximise the opportunities for the site to be used again, and examples are presented of modern remediation approaches including the use of a remediated tailings site at Rifle, Colorado, USA, for a waste water treatment plant and for a solar power farm to provide some of the power to the plant, the creation of a pond for anglers at a remediated site in Puy de L’age in France, the construction of a showground and other amenities after remediation and landscaping of the Lichtenberg open pit in Germany, the use of decontaminated infrastructure elements in the Limousin area of France for use as small business premises, the development of a recreational space on the former ore processing site at Grand Junction, Colorado, and the re-shaping of a waste rock pile in the Schlema area of Germany for the construction of a golf course., U exploration, resource development and mining have increased significantly since 2003 with the interest in nuclear power, and modern operations are required to take a holistic approach to project development with sustainability as a key concept. The balanced approach must take into account social, economic and environmental factors together. Past experience with U mining and remediation is reviewed with reference to the attitude of the regulators in different countries. A major concern has been the costs of remediation, particularly where they were not included in the original planning. Mine remediation should maximise the opportunities for the site to be used again, and examples are presented of modern remediation approaches including the use of a remediated tailings site at Rifle, Colorado, USA, for a waste water treatment plant and for a solar power farm to provide some of the power to the plant, the creation of a pond for anglers at a remediated site in Puy de L’age in France, the construction of a showground and other amenities after remediation and landscaping of the Lichtenberg open pit in Germany, the use of decontaminated infrastructure elements in the Limousin area of France for use as small business premises, the development of a recreational space on the former ore processing site at Grand Junction, Colorado, and the re-shaping of a waste rock pile in the Schlema area of Germany for the construction of a golf course.

Ein technischer Terminus wie Digital-Analog-Wandler impliziert die Fiktion, dass sich analoge Speicherung und Übertragung unmittelbar an die Wirklichkeit ,ursprünglicher' Signale anschmiegen. Doch auch wenn ein bestimmtes Signal analog ,bleibt', so muss es, um speicher- und übertragbar zu bleiben, Metamorphosen durchmachen. Ein akustisches Signal - eine mechanische Schwingung der Luft - wird durch ein Mikrofon in elektromagnetische Schwingungen verwandelt, von denen es wahlweise in mechanische zurückgewandelt werden kann, um die Luftschwingung auf der Patrize einer Vinyl-Schallplatte speicher- und vervielfältigbar zu machen, oder es wird ein Band analog zu diesen Schwingungen magnetisiert; die Rückverwandlung in Schall erfolgt umgekehrt. Auch ein Verstärker operiert analog, da dieser nur die Amplitude der Schwingung variiert, die Verhältnisse der Frequenzen aber unangetastet bleiben. Es ließen sich hieran viele technikgeschichtliche Fragestellungen anschließen, etwa inwiefern ein mit digitaler Technik operierendes akustisches Effektgerät wie der Harmonizer, der die Grundschwingung eines akustischen Signals in Halbtonschritten auf- und abwärts führt, nicht insofern ein analoges Ergebnis liefert, als das ursprüngliche Signal in einem gegebenen arithmetisch-harmonischen Verhältnis zum Ausgangssignal steht. Um zumindest die Möglichkeit solcher Fragestellungen adäquat zu formulieren, ist es unerlässlich, zunächst eine historisch-philologische Auseinandersetzung mit den Begriffen analog und Analogie vorzunehmen.

Developments are reviewed in exploration methods for alluvial diamonds, including remote sensing methods such as aerial photography and satellite image interpretation and airborne and ground geophysical methods. The extremely low concentrations of diamond in most deposits and the almost random distribution of the diamonds within the gravels require large samples to be taken to evaluate the commercial potential. In the southern, Schweizer-Reneke diamond field, five ages of diamondiferous gravels occur, ranging from late Cretaceous to Pleistocene. Post- depositional modification has resulted in the formation of colluvial and eluvial deposits. The northern Lichtenburg and eastern Ventersdorp diamond fields are largely underlain by dolomitic horizons that have undergone at least four phases of karst development. The distribution of the gravels is affected by weathering features in the dolomite which now occur as pothole-fill, sinuous, discontinuous, narrow, steep-sided alluvial channels or laterally more continuous, thin sheet-like gravels. The pot holes have formed excellent trap sites for diamonds and large quantities have been recovered from some of them., Developments are reviewed in exploration methods for alluvial diamonds, including remote sensing methods such as aerial photography and satellite image interpretation and airborne and ground geophysical methods. The extremely low concentrations of diamond in most deposits and the almost random distribution of the diamonds within the gravels require large samples to be taken to evaluate the commercial potential. In the southern, Schweizer-Reneke diamond field, five ages of diamondiferous gravels occur, ranging from late Cretaceous to Pleistocene. Post- depositional modification has resulted in the formation of colluvial and eluvial deposits. The northern Lichtenburg and eastern Ventersdorp diamond fields are largely underlain by dolomitic horizons that have undergone at least four phases of karst development. The distribution of the gravels is affected by weathering features in the dolomite which now occur as pothole-fill, sinuous, discontinuous, narrow, steep-sided alluvial channels or laterally more continuous, thin sheet-like gravels. The pot holes have formed excellent trap sites for diamonds and large quantities have been recovered from some of them.

Relocation is being carried out of sulphide-bearing and ARD-generating waste rock pile from the Ronneburg, Germany, uranium mining site into the worked-out Lichtenberg open pit mine. The waste rock mainly comprises Palaeozoic shales, limestones and diabases with pyrite contents of up to 7%. Following completion of the backfill a dry cover will be placed over the mine wastes. Design planning for the final cover placement was based on a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis over and above compliance with legal requirements. Optimisation was based on contaminant balance modelling for the entire site, reproducing dominant physical and geochemical processes. As a result of the investigations, a combined cover of cohesive soil material from on-site excavation overlain by a 0.4 m thick storage layer to restore natural soil functions for revegetation was submitted for approval. Together with hydraulic measures, this approach will meet any requirement relating to radiology, water protection, stability, erosion protection and reuse., Relocation is being carried out of sulphide-bearing and ARD-generating waste rock pile from the Ronneburg, Germany, uranium mining site into the worked-out Lichtenberg open pit mine. The waste rock mainly comprises Palaeozoic shales, limestones and diabases with pyrite contents of up to 7%. Following completion of the backfill a dry cover will be placed over the mine wastes. Design planning for the final cover placement was based on a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis over and above compliance with legal requirements. Optimisation was based on contaminant balance modelling for the entire site, reproducing dominant physical and geochemical processes. As a result of the investigations, a combined cover of cohesive soil material from on-site excavation overlain by a 0.4 m thick storage layer to restore natural soil functions for revegetation was submitted for approval. Together with hydraulic measures, this approach will meet any requirement relating to radiology, water protection, stability, erosion protection and reuse.

Three soil cover test areas were constructed on waste rock backfilled into the Lichtenberg uranium pit near Ronneburg, Germany. An uncovered area was included as a control. Each test area measured 50 m by 65 m, and was constructed using full-scale equipment and construction practices. Devices were installed in each plot to monitor meteorology, infiltration, run-off, interflow, soil moisture, soil temperature and soil pore gases. Boreholes were completed in each area and instrumented for temperature, pressure and pore gas sampling to a depth of approximately 60 m. Data from the monitoring instruments collected since July 2000 were analysed and modelled. The reliability of the various monitoring methods is discussed and difficulties encountered in modelling the data set using common soil physical models are considered. Differential gas pressure measurements were used to estimate the gas permeability of the covers and the waste rock. The estimates were used to quantify the potential for advective transport of oxygen through the covers. The results show that oxygen diffusion is the dominant transport mechanism., Three soil cover test areas were constructed on waste rock backfilled into the Lichtenberg uranium pit near Ronneburg, Germany. An uncovered area was included as a control. Each test area measured 50 m by 65 m, and was constructed using full-scale equipment and construction practices. Devices were installed in each plot to monitor meteorology, infiltration, run-off, interflow, soil moisture, soil temperature and soil pore gases. Boreholes were completed in each area and instrumented for temperature, pressure and pore gas sampling to a depth of approximately 60 m. Data from the monitoring instruments collected since July 2000 were analysed and modelled. The reliability of the various monitoring methods is discussed and difficulties encountered in modelling the data set using common soil physical models are considered. Differential gas pressure measurements were used to estimate the gas permeability of the covers and the waste rock. The estimates were used to quantify the potential for advective transport of oxygen through the covers. The results show that oxygen diffusion is the dominant transport mechanism.

Este texto parte de la comprensión de la filosofía como un conjunto de prácticas diversas que se ejercitan en torno a la pregunta por el pensar. Al interior de este marco, muy amplio y complejo en sus posibilidades de desarrollo, este texto busca precisar aquello que define la práctica de la filosofía en la Ilustración a partir de los escritos de Georg Christoph Lichtenberg. En este autor encontramos una inquietud por dos problemas propios de la Ilustración, a saber, el pensar por símismo y el ejercicio de la escritura, temas que Lichtenberg desarrolla en el ámbito de un análisis del cuerpo, los sueños y la memoria provocado por la escritura y que tiene como fin la constitución del sujeto como escenario del pensar.

Échelle(s) : 1:2 000

An investigation of the effects of external "shunt" capacitance upon the electron irradiation induced voltage pulses from a 20.3-centimeter strip of polytheylene terephthalate insulated ribbon wire irradiated with 60 keV electrons is reported. Both the average and the maximum pulse heights observed varied inversely with the total capacitance in the system. A change in load resistance caused a negligible variation in average and maximum pulse heights. After irradiation, electron discharge patterns known as Lichtenberg figures were found in the polyethylene terephthalate insulation. Rough calculations indicate that the power density along the discharge path is adequate to produce the observed physical damage. p4

Papers are presented on the redevelopment of former mining areas, capacity reduction at Saarbergwerke AG, closure of Sophia-Jacoba colliery, transition of French potash mining to the post-potash era, work of the Gesellschaft zur Verwahrung und Verwertung (GVV, Society for Preservation and Disposal) on former East German mines, closure of Meggen and the Harz metal mines, surveying near-surface cavities in Saxony, decontamination of Lichtenberg uranium open pit and Schlema-Alberoda underground mine, restructuring of lignite mining, restoration of water balance in Lausitz, redevelopment of the declining mining industry, geotechnical problems in building on lignite tips, reclamation of open-cast lignite mines by flooding with non-mine water, consequences of mine closure, conversion of a uranium producer into a redevelopment company, mine maintenance and redevelopment at Kali und Salz, the East German potash mines, and discharge from Mines Inspectorate supervision., Papers are presented on the redevelopment of former mining areas, capacity reduction at Saarbergwerke AG, closure of Sophia-Jacoba colliery, transition of French potash mining to the post-potash era, work of the Gesellschaft zur Verwahrung und Verwertung (GVV, Society for Preservation and Disposal) on former East German mines, closure of Meggen and the Harz metal mines, surveying near-surface cavities in Saxony, decontamination of Lichtenberg uranium open pit and Schlema-Alberoda underground mine, restructuring of lignite mining, restoration of water balance in Lausitz, redevelopment of the declining mining industry, geotechnical problems in building on lignite tips, reclamation of open-cast lignite mines by flooding with non-mine water, consequences of mine closure, conversion of a uranium producer into a redevelopment company, mine maintenance and redevelopment at Kali und Salz, the East German potash mines, and discharge from Mines Inspectorate supervision.

With rehabilitation operations now in their eighth year, progress in remediating the legacy of uranium mining in the former East Germany is highly visible at all the Wismut GmbH sites. To date, some DM 5 700 000 000 have been spent, out of a total of DM 13 000 000 000 allocated by the German Federal government in 1991 to fund this large-scale environmental project. Spending in 1998 was DM 535 000 000. Underground rehabilitation is around 90% complete and surface reclamation is well under way, including remediation of spoil heaps and tailings ponds, backfilling of an open pit and demolition of equipment and structures., With rehabilitation operations now in their eighth year, progress in remediating the legacy of uranium mining in the former East Germany is highly visible at all the Wismut GmbH sites. To date, some DM 5 700 000 000 have been spent, out of a total of DM 13 000 000 000 allocated by the German Federal government in 1991 to fund this large-scale environmental project. Spending in 1998 was DM 535 000 000. Underground rehabilitation is around 90% complete and surface reclamation is well under way, including remediation of spoil heaps and tailings ponds, backfilling of an open pit and demolition of equipment and structures.

Restoring Wismut's former uranium mines and plants at Aue, Pohla, Crossen, Konigstein and Dresden-Gittersee in Saxony and Ronneburg and Seelingstadt in Thuringia, former East Germany, will require an estimated DM 13 000 000 000 of federal funding over 20 years. In 1990 there were 56 major shafts and 1 400 km of open underground galleries. Wismut characterised radiation exposure levels at all its sites and properties, recording 238 000 data points. Of 11 885 ha assessed, 84.7% registered less than 200 nSv/ha but 2.4% registered 500-1 000 nSv/ha and 1% above 1 000 nSv/ha. Work includes backfilling, sealing and controlled flooding of underground mines and dry in-situ rehabilitation of tailings disposal sites. At Ronneburg, spoil heaps containing 125 000 000 m3 of material are being moved by a fleet of 50 machines and used with added lime to fill the unstable Lichtenberg open pit., Restoring Wismut's former uranium mines and plants at Aue, Pohla, Crossen, Konigstein and Dresden-Gittersee in Saxony and Ronneburg and Seelingstadt in Thuringia, former East Germany, will require an estimated DM 13 000 000 000 of federal funding over 20 years. In 1990 there were 56 major shafts and 1 400 km of open underground galleries. Wismut characterised radiation exposure levels at all its sites and properties, recording 238 000 data points. Of 11 885 ha assessed, 84.7% registered less than 200 nSv/ha but 2.4% registered 500-1 000 nSv/ha and 1% above 1 000 nSv/ha. Work includes backfilling, sealing and controlled flooding of underground mines and dry in-situ rehabilitation of tailings disposal sites. At Ronneburg, spoil heaps containing 125 000 000 m3 of material are being moved by a fleet of 50 machines and used with added lime to fill the unstable Lichtenberg open pit.

At Culmitzsch, where about 90 000 000 m3 of overburden were removed to produce 15-18 000 000 t ore grading 0.05-0.25% U, drilling and weekly blasting of a 20 m sandstone layer was needed to reach the lower of the two seams. At Lichtenberg, which produced 17 800 000 t ore with an overall grade of 720 g U3O8/t, 150 000 000 m3 of waste rock was removed. Particular features included blasting of a screening wall, charging techniques for rocks with temperatures measured at 100-600 degrees C, and charging methods for drillholes through rock joints and cavities., At Culmitzsch, where about 90 000 000 m3 of overburden were removed to produce 15-18 000 000 t ore grading 0.05-0.25% U, drilling and weekly blasting of a 20 m sandstone layer was needed to reach the lower of the two seams. At Lichtenberg, which produced 17 800 000 t ore with an overall grade of 720 g U3O8/t, 150 000 000 m3 of waste rock was removed. Particular features included blasting of a screening wall, charging techniques for rocks with temperatures measured at 100-600 degrees C, and charging methods for drillholes through rock joints and cavities.