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La stretta relazione intercorrente tra reati tributari (in particolare l’evasione fiscale), riciclaggio e violazione delle regole del mercato rappresentano l’aspetto patologico dell’economia reale conseguenza di un comportamento illecito da parte degli operatori del mercato. Tale situazione ha reso necessari interventi normativi e l’individuazione di soggetti preposti a svolgere investigazioni in campo economico-giuridico. La crescente globalizzazione dell’economia, l’intensificazione degli scambi commerciali internazionali e il persistere delle differenti legislazioni fiscali nazionali hanno contribuito sostanzialmente al dilagarsi del fenomeno della corruzione e, pertanto, la Comunità internazionale è intervenuta, sulla considerazione che tale fenomeno è ormai un fatto giuridicamente rilevante, con la stipula di Convenzioni internazionali ed emanazione di Dichiarazioni e Raccomandazioni La cooperazione giudiziaria alla criminalità internazionale, in particolare alla lotta al riciclaggio di capitali di provenienza criminosa, è rivolta soprattutto a promuovere l’azione di prevenzione e contrasto al fenomeno da parte dei governi e quindi degli organi giudiziari, delle forze di polizia e delle amministrazioni finanziarie Infine si deve evidenziare che ulteriore fattore di sviluppo del riciclaggio in materia finanziaria è la liberalizzazione dei movimenti di capitali sia in ambito comunitario che a livello internazionale a seguito della globalizzazione dell’economia e delle nuove tecnologie applicate ai trasferimenti dei capitali In conclusione dall’evoluzione legislativa comunitaria e nazionale della disciplina antiriciclaggio con particolare riferimento alla libera circolazione dei pagamenti alla luce delle nuove tecnologie, si evidenzia che la normativa pone l’accento in modo particolare sull’acquisizione dei dati e delle informazioni (su richiesta e per obbligo) dagli operatori del settore e dalle Autorità preposte che possono essere utilizzate anche per fini diversi dalla lotta al riciclaggio. Il Comitato europeo consultivo di garanti della privacy alla fine del 2006 è giunto all’unanimità alla conclusione che il trasferimento dei dati bancari costituisca violazione della direttiva europea sulla protezione dei dati. Si ritiene che una tale situazione, alquanto pressante, possa incidere negativamente sulla realizzazione della libera circolazione dei capitali e dei pagamenti e dare un maggior impulso allo sviluppo dell’economia sommersa (illegale), nonché i controlli, anche se in linea con il disposto del trattato che considera legittime le limitazioni (dichiarazioni, controlli, autorizzazioni) alla libera circolazione dei capitali e dei pagamenti se perseguono fini di ordine pubblico e di sicurezza, possono comunque ledere il pieno esercizio di altri diritti personali.

Unplanned readmissions heavily affect the cost of health care and are used as an indicator of performance. No clear data are available regarding beyond-total mesorectal excision (bTME) procedure. Aim of the study is to identify patient-related and surgery-related factors influencing the 30-day readmissions after bTME. Retrospective data were collected from 220 patients who underwent bTME procedures at single centre between 2006 and 2016. Patient-related and operative factors were assessed, including body mass index (BMI), age, gender, American Society of Anaesthesiologists’ (ASA) score, preoperative stage, neo-adjuvant therapy, primary tumour vs recurrence, the extent of surgery. The readmission rate was 8.18%. No statistically significant association was found with BMI, ASA score, length of stay and stay in the intensive care unit, primary vs recurrent tumour or blood transfusions. Not quite statistically significant was the association with pelvic side wall dissection (OR 3.32, p = 0.054). Statistically significant factors included preoperative stage > IIIb (OR: 4.77, p = 0.002), neo-adjuvant therapy (OR: 0.13, p = 0.0006), age over 65 years (OR: 5.96, p = 0.0005), any re-intervention during the first admission (OR: 7.4, p = 0.0001), and any post-operative complication (OR: 9.01, p = 0.004). The readmission rate after beyond-TME procedure is influenced by patient-related factors as well as post-operative morbidity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s13304-019-00669-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Introduction The breast and salivary gland tissue share embryologic and thus pathological similarities. Acinic cell carcinoma (ACC) is a typical tumor in salivary glands, but rarely arises in breast too. We reviewed 38 cases of mammary ACC reported in literature and our case, the first ACC born within a fibroadenoma. Materials and methods Data were collected by a research for the key words acinic cell carcinoma breast on Pubmed in March 2014, including a case treated in our department. All reviewed cases were compared for clinical approach and histological pattern. Results To date 23 articles presenting cases of ACC of the breast are reported in literature. We included in our review 38 cases previously described and one new case. The histological pattern was predominantly solid with a microglandular structure. All the tumor cells were cytologically characterized by monotonous round cells with a finely granular, weakly eosinophilic, or clearly vacuolated cytoplasm. The most of the cells were intensely stained with anti-lysozime, anti-amylase, anti-α1-chimotripsin, anti-EMA and anti-S100 protein antisera. Immunohistochemistry was also performed to point out: estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), androgen receptors (AR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 overexpression (HER2/neu), E-cadherin (E-cad), cytokeratin-7 (CK7), gross cystic disease fluid protein 15 (GCDFP15), smooth muscle actin (SMA). Conclusion ACC of the breast is a rare tumor, showing similarities with the salivary gland counterpart, above all in terms of good prognosis, and differences from the ordinary invasive breast carcinoma. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the true histogenesis and the correct treatment.

This paper presents a simple, robust, and fast synchronization method to detect the phase angle of the positive sequence of a three-phase ac system. The algorithm was derived from a standard phase-locked-loop (PLL) circuit based on the pq theory, but a feedforward action is implemented to guarantee high dynamic performance in conjunction with a modified feedback action to reduce the phase-angle estimation error to zero. The result is a fast tracking system that improves the start-up stage and rapid input variations. It guarantees accurate phase locking and is robust with respect to ac distortions such as harmonics, subharmonics, and voltage imbalance. The control model for the proposed PLL system was based on the standard qPLL structure. A linear analysis was performed to show the benefits of the proposed solution, and recommendations are given for tuning its parameters. The proposed technique was tested and compared with other algorithms by means of simulations. The experimental and simulation results are shown and compared.

Background Despite the proven benefits, laparoscopic colorectal surgery is still under utilized among surgeons. A steep learning is one of the causes of its limited adoption. Aim of the study is to determine the feasibility and morbidity rate after laparoscopic colorectal surgery in a single institution, “learning curve” experience, implementing a well standardized operative technique and recovery protocol. Methods The first 50 patients treated laparoscopically were included. All the procedures were performed by a trainee surgeon, supervised by a consultant surgeon, according to the principle of complete mesocolic excision with central vascular ligation or TME. Patients underwent a fast track recovery programme. Recovery parameters, short-term outcomes, morbidity and mortality have been assessed. Results Type of resections: 20 left side resections, 8 right side resections, 14 low anterior resection/TME, 5 total colectomy and IRA, 3 total panproctocolectomy and pouch. Mean operative time: 227 min; mean number of lymph-nodes: 18.7. Conversion rate: 8%. Mean time to flatus: 1.3 days; Mean time to solid stool: 2.3 days. Mean length of hospital stay: 7.2 days. Overall morbidity: 24%; major morbidity (Dindo–Clavien III): 4%. No anastomotic leak, no mortality, no 30-days readmission. Conclusion Proper laparoscopic colorectal surgery is safe and leads to excellent results in terms of recovery and short term outcomes, even in a learning curve setting. Key factors for better outcomes and shortening the learning curve seem to be the adoption of a standardized technique and training model along with the strict supervision of an expert colorectal surgeon., Highlights • Benefits from laparoscopic colorectal surgery have been widely demonstrated. • A steep learning curve is considered the main limitation to its adoption. • We present short-term outcomes in a learning curve prospective series. • A modular, stepwise approach leads to excellent results. • Even trainees can safely learn both laparoscopic and open surgery, when strictly supervised.

In this document a DC/DC converter for power conversion between +28V/+270V voltage levels is presented, and the main characteristics of the converter are discussed. The topological structure is first introduced, outlining the hardware components used and the modular approach. The step-down (or Buck) and step-up (or Boost) modulations are then discussed, focusing on the switching signals to drive the low-voltage and high-voltage bridges of the single modules. The description of the control phase follows, justifying the controller used to steer the output voltage towards the desired value. The firmware realized for the converter management is equipped also with a supervision and protection logic, realized as a composition of finite state machines. Finally, simulative results and real measurements are provided to evidence the correctness of the overall topological choices and of the control system realized for the bidirectional converter, focusing also on the comparison between the expected results and those obtained.

In this paper ancillary services performed by Distributed Generation (DG) sources connected to the grid are discussed. Wind energy is analyzed as case study of renewable DG source. Variable speed wind turbines are connected to the grid by power electronics converters, which are typically controlled in order to transfer to the grid the whole captured active power from the wind. Moreover a proper control of the power converters makes the DG able to perform some ancillary services. In this paper Point of Common Coupling (PCC) voltage amplitude regulation, reactive power compensation and active parallel filtering are analyzed. Converter sizing is discussed to be the limiting factor in performing the considered ancillary services.

Facial nerve injuries are rare complications after orthognathic surgery. A literature review shows that such damages can develop with various mechanisms and are usually transient. Two cases of delayed facial paralysis after mandibular osteotomy with spontaneous recovery are reported.

In this paper the problem of voltage disturbances compensation in a three-phase three-wire electrical industrial system is addressed. A robust synchronous-based control algorithm is proposed for both endogenous and exogenous voltage disturbances compensation. The compensator is made of series transformers fed by a PWM-voltage source inverter (VSI). The control system regulates to zero the d- and q- components of the fundamental negative sequence of the supply voltages and compensates their harmonic content, by means of a feed-forward and of a feedback action. The influence of the passive filter for the switching ripple, on the compensator performances, has been investigated. Numerical simulations validate the effectiveness of the proposed compensation strategy.