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Cochrane is an international collaboration whose mission is to promote evidence-based decision-making on health. This is done by conducting high-quality, relevant and accessible systematic reviews, as well as through other forms of summarized scientific evidence. Knowledge translation promotes the real use of scientific knowledge and Cochrane has been developing various projects within this theme. One of those projects includes a collaboration with Wikipedia to improve the quality of information provided in the medical articles published in this digital encyclopaedia. This article summarizes the main characteristics of these initiatives.

The age of information has done it simple for storing huge amount of data. In actual fact, a considerable segment of existing information is accumulated in the text databases that have huge set of documents from different sources like research articles, news articles, books, e-mail messages, web pages and digital libraries. In many text databases, stored data are in the semi-structured format in that they are neither entirely structured nor entirely unstructured. IR (Information Retrieval) field has been growing in parallel using database systems for several years. Contrasting to the databases system fields that have concentrated mainly on transaction and query processing of the structured data, IR is concerned with firm and retrieval of data from a huge quantity of text-oriented documents. Thus, IR tackles with unstructured and/or semi-structured databases. Information security requirements within a firm have experience major variations in the past some decades. By the establishment of computer, the necessary for automated equipment for securing files as well as other information that stored on the computer turned into evident. This is particularly in case of shared information resources via public network. This is the origin for having a secure computer system / the need for computer security. Computer Security can be achieved by Intrusion Detection Systems. In this paper, we address these issues by applying Similarity Search in two diversified fields: Digital Libraries and Computer Security. The paper discusses a fast and efficient similarity search technique for approximate retrieval of books metadata in Digital Libraries. In DLI the books retrieval takes place just by using metadata such as title, year, edition, author, publishing of a book. Though, if metadata is missing, incorrect or unfinished, then it creates the library retrieval system inefficient, incorrect leads too much confusion to the user. In this context even if the query from the user matches partially or fully with a stored pattern, the information related to that be retrieved. The paper talks about a method that functions rapid and effective, language independent, and flexible library retrieval system signature based similarity search. This system is able to retrieve not only the metadata that exactly matches the query but also fairly accurate identical because of missing words, jumbled words and spell mistakes. Fundamentally, signature file approach is used here. A signature file approach looks like the most capable for huge database as it has superior text retrieval features and requires little storage overhead.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the models and methods for evaluating digital libraries., Methods: Springer, Science Direct, ProQuest, Emerald, Wiley, LISTA, Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, Magiran (Persian), Irandoc (Persian), SID (Persian) and Noormags (Persian) databases were searched systematically based on the defined criteria. Selection criteria included full-text articles and dissertations published in English and Persian languages in 2004-2017. The final included articles (n = 64) were reviewed, selected and analysed by group discussions., Results: The results of analysing 64 included articles for this systematised review specified that the evaluation of digital libraries is mostly focused on the service quality aspect, and DigiQual was the most frequently used model. Few studies have evaluated digital libraries in the health sector. The researcher developed questionnaire is the most frequently used method to evaluate digital libraries., Conclusion: Because there are fewer studies of digital libraries evaluation in the health sector, the specific features of health digital libraries should be addressed by librarians and health digital library designers to develop specific models., (© 2018 Health Libraries Group.)

This article discusses the role that digital approaches to the history of psychology are likely to play in the near future. A tentative hierarchy of digital methods is proposed. A few examples are briefly described: a digital repository, a simple visualization using ready-made online database and tools, and more complex visualizations requiring the assembly of the database and, possibly, the analytic tools by the researcher. The relationship of digital history to the old "New Economic History" (Cliometrics) is considered. The question of whether digital history and traditional history need be at odds or, instead, might complement each other is woven throughout. The rapidly expanding territory of digital humanistic research outside of psychology is briefly discussed. Finally, the challenging current employment trends in history and the humanities more broadly are considered, along with the role that digital skills might play in mitigating those factors for prospective academic workers. (PsycINFO Database Record, ((c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved).)

Virtual reality (VR) assessment paradigms have the potential to address the limited ecological validity of pen and paper measures of executive function (EF) and the pragmatic and reliability issues associated with functional measures. To investigate the ecological validity and construct validity of a newly developed VR measure of EF, the Virtual Library Task (VLT); a real life analogous task--the Real Library Task (RLT); and five neuropsychological measures of EF were administered to 30 patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and 30 healthy Controls. Significant others for each participant also completed the Dysexecutive Questionnaire (DEX), which is a behavioral rating scale of everyday EF. Performances on the VLT and the RLT were significantly positively correlated indicating that VR performance is similar to real world performance. The TBI group performed significantly worse than the Control group on the VLT and the Modified Six Elements Test (MSET) but the other four neuropsychological measures of EF failed to differentiate the groups. Both the MSET and the VLT significantly predicted everyday EF suggesting that they are both ecologically valid tools for the assessment of EF. The VLT has the advantage over the MSET of providing objective measurement of individual components of EF.

Background/purpose: We compare the effectiveness of 10 different color representations in a content-based image retrieval task for dermatology., Methods: As features, we use the average colors of healthy and lesion skin in an image. The extracted features are used to retrieve similar images from a database using a k-nearest-neighbor search and Euclidean distance. The images in the database are divided into four different color categories. We measure the effectiveness of retrieval by the average percentage of retrieved images that belong to the same category as a query image., Results: We found that the difference of the colors of lesion and healthy skin is a better color descriptor than the pair of these colors. We obtained the best results with the CIE-Lab color representation [75+/-3.8% (95% confidence interval) correct retrieval rate for k=11], followed by CIE-Luv and CIE-Lch., Conclusion: CIE-Lab is the most effective color space for content-based image retrieval of dermatological images. The difference of the colors of lesion and healthy skin in an image is a better color descriptor than the pair of these colors.

During a fifteen years period, the long-term preservation of digital information has only been a matter under consideration for a few scientific or patrimonial institutions. These have played a key role in the understanding of the subsequent risks and the definition of standards in this domain. The exponential progress of the digital information in every domain, as well as the mandatory aspect of its preservation have sped up the awareness process even at the highest management level of companies or public administrations. Thus, a significant number of projects have kicked off during the last four years, with the objective of rolling out infrastructures dedicated to the long term preservation of electronic data. Among those projects, the one currently run at the CINES, which main goal is to provide the scientific and technical community in the Higher Education and Research sectors with a genuine long term preservation service for digital information, is now operational. Here is a brief outline of the PAC system...

Virtual libraries have been implemented in an attempt to organize scientific information found in the Internet, including the Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde Reprodutiva (BVSR), or Virtual Library on Reproductive Health. The aim is to provide quality information to researchers in the reproductive health field. The current study evaluates the use of the BVSR, emphasizing the users' expectations, difficulties, and suggestions. The study adopted a qualitative methodology. The focus group technique was applied to Internet chat groups through which reproductive health researchers communicated. Users expressed their expectations regarding information, highlighting the lack of time and the need to quickly obtain precise data. Use of virtual libraries for research increases where there is more trust in the institutions responsible for maintaining them. Researchers suggested the following: greater dissemination of the BVSR, publication of an electronic newsletter, and creation of a communications channel between the BVSR and users in order to foster intelligent collective communication.

We propose an easy-to-construct digital video editing system ideal to produce video documentation and still images. A digital video editing system applicable to many video sources in the operating room is described in detail. The proposed system has proved easy to use and permits one to obtain videography quickly and easily. Mixing different streams of video input from all the devices in use in the operating room, the application of filters and effects produces a final, professional end-product. Recording on a DVD provides an inexpensive, portable and easy-to-use medium to store or re-edit or tape at a later time. From stored videography it is easy to extract high-quality, still images useful for teaching, presentations and publications. In conclusion digital videography and still photography can easily be recorded by the proposed system, producing high-quality video recording. The use of firewire ports provides good compatibility with next-generation hardware and software. The high standard of quality makes the proposed system one of the lowest priced products available today.

Background: This paper introduces the new National Library for Health Skin Conditions Specialist Library http://www.library.nhs.uk/skin., Description: The aims, scope and audience of the new NLH Skin Conditions Specialist Library, and the composition and functions of its core Project Team, Editorial Team and Stakeholders Group are described. The Library's collection building strategy, resource and information types, editorial policies, quality checklist, taxonomy for content indexing, organisation and navigation, and user interface are all presented in detail. The paper also explores the expected impact and utility of the new Library, as well as some possible future directions for further development., Conclusion: The Skin Conditions Specialist Library is not just another new Web site that dermatologists might want to add to their Internet favourites then forget about it. It is intended to be a practical, "one-stop shop" dermatology information service for everyday practical use, offering high quality, up-to-date resources, and adopting robust evidence-based and knowledge management approaches.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify trends in academic health sciences libraries (AHSLs) as they adapt to the shift from a print knowledgebase to an increasingly digital knowledgebase. This research was funded by the 2003 David A. Kronick Traveling Fellowship., Methods: The author spent a day and a half interviewing professional staff at each library. The questionnaire used was sent to the directors of each library in advance of the visit, and the directors picked the staff to be interviewed and set up the schedule., Results: Seven significant trends were identified. These trends are part of the shift of AHSLs from being facility and print oriented with a primary focus on their role as repositories of a print-based knowledgebase to a new focus on their role as the center or "nexus" for the organization, access, and use of an increasingly digital-based knowledgebase., Conclusion: This paper calls for a national effort to develop a new model or structure for health sciences libraries to more effectively respond to the challenges of access and use of a digital knowledgebase, much the same way the National Library of Medicine did in the 1960s and 1970s in developing and implementing the National Network of Libraries of Medicine. The paper then concludes with some examples or ideas for research to assist in this process.

Eight docking programs (DOCK, FLEXX, FRED, GLIDE, GOLD, SLIDE, SURFLEX, and QXP) that can be used for either single-ligand docking or database screening have been compared for their propensity to recover the X-ray pose of 100 small-molecular-weight ligands, and for their capacity to discriminate known inhibitors of an enzyme (thymidine kinase) from randomly chosen "drug-like" molecules. Interestingly, both properties are found to be correlated, since the tools showing the best docking accuracy (GLIDE, GOLD, and SURFLEX) are also the most successful in ranking known inhibitors in a virtual screening experiment. Moreover, the current study pinpoints some physicochemical descriptors of either the ligand or its cognate protein-binding site that generally lead to docking/scoring inaccuracies., (Copyright 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.)