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1. Combining Spectral CT Acquisition Methods for High-Sensitivity Material Decomposition

Author

Tivnan, Matthew, Wang, Wenying, Gang, Grace, Liapi, Eleni, Noel, Peter, and Stayman, J. Webster

Subjects
Physics - Medical Physics, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing
Abstract

Quantitative estimation of contrast agent concentration is made possible by spectral CT and material decomposition. There are several approaches to modulate the sensitivity of the imaging system to obtain the different spectral channels required for decomposition. Spectral CT technologies that enable this varied sensitivity include source kV-switching, dual-layer detectors, and source-side filtering (e.g., tiled spatial-spectral filters). In this work, we use an advanced physical model to simulate these three spectral CT strategies as well as hybrid acquisitions using all combinations of two or three strategies. We apply model-based material decomposition to a water-iodine phantom with iodine concentrations from 0.1 to 5.0 mg/mL. We present bias-noise plots for the different combinations of spectral techniques and show that combined approaches permit diversity in spectral sensitivity and improve low concentration imaging performance relative to the those strategies applied individually. Better ability to estimate low concentrations of contrast agent has the potential to reduce risks associated with contrast administration (by lowering dosage) or to extend imaging applications into targets with much lower uptake.

Published
2020
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5. Challenges of Robust RNAi-Mediated Gene Silencing in Aedes Mosquitoes

Author

Figueiredo Prates, Lucas Henrique, primary, Fiebig, Jakob, additional, Schlosser, Henrik, additional, Liapi, Eleni, additional, Rehling, Tanja, additional, Lutrat, Célia, additional, Bouyer, Jeremy, additional, Sun, Qiang, additional, Wen, Han, additional, Xi, Zhiyong, additional, Schetelig, Marc F., additional, and Häcker, Irina, additional

Published
2024
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7. Challenges of robust RNAi-mediated gene silencing in Aedes mosquitoes

Author

Figueiredo Prates, Lucas Henrique, Fiebig, Jakok, Schlosser, Henrik, Liapi, Eleni, Rehling, Tanja, Lutrat, Célia, Bouyer, Jérémy, Sun, Qiang, Wen, Han, Xi, Zhiyong, Schetelig, Marc F., Häcker, Irina, Figueiredo Prates, Lucas Henrique, Fiebig, Jakok, Schlosser, Henrik, Liapi, Eleni, Rehling, Tanja, Lutrat, Célia, Bouyer, Jérémy, Sun, Qiang, Wen, Han, Xi, Zhiyong, Schetelig, Marc F., and Häcker, Irina

Abstract

In this study, we report the complexities and challenges associated with achieving robust RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated gene knockdown in the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, a pivotal approach for genetic analysis and vector control. Despite RNAi's potential for species-specific gene targeting, our independent efforts to establish oral delivery of RNAi for identifying genes critical for mosquito development and fitness encountered significant challenges, failing to reproduce previously reported potent RNAi effects. We independently evaluated a range of RNAi-inducing molecules (siRNAs, shRNAs, and dsRNAs) and administration methods (oral delivery, immersion, and microinjection) in three different laboratories. We also tested various mosquito strains and utilized microorganisms for RNA delivery. Our results reveal a pronounced inconsistency in RNAi efficacy, characterized by minimal effects on larval survival and gene expression levels in most instances despite strong published effects for the tested targets. One or multiple factors, including RNase activity in the gut, the cellular internalization and processing of RNA molecules, and the systemic dissemination of the RNAi signal, could be involved in this variability, all of which are barely understood in mosquitoes. The challenges identified in this study highlight the necessity for additional research into the underlying mechanisms of mosquito RNAi to develop more robust RNAi-based methodologies. Our findings emphasize the intricacies of RNAi application in mosquitoes, which present a substantial barrier to its utilization in genetic control strategies.

Published
2024

8. Writing rogues : cheap print representations of deviance in early modern London

Author

Liapi, Eleni, Sharpe, James, and Jenner, Mark

Subjects
900
Abstract

The figure of the rogue, either as a trickster or a threat, gripped the early modern imagination. Through plays, pamphlets, proclamations and gossip about criminals, London dwellers were bombarded with information about rogues, all of which created the impression that London was swarming with such unsavoury characters. This thesis adopts an interdisciplinary approach to the study of pamphlets about rogues, combining the history of print culture and its methods with the social history of London and crime. This contrasts with previous treatments of this material: rogue literature has been used as background for the analysis of early modern plays, especially late sixteenth- and early seventeenth-century ones, by literary scholars, and has usually been dismissed by historians as entirely fictional. My thesis focuses on cheap pamphlets about rogues from 1590 to 1670; this period saw a burst of publications about criminals, ranging from rogue discoveries to narratives of life and death and descriptions of prisons. Through these publications, the image of the rogue was modified, acquiring new connotations, such as the Cavalier, while at the same time retaining earlier ones, such as the trickster figure or the image of the prodigal son. These changes in the image of the rogue, while not challenging the consistency of his/her depiction, reflect the continuing importance of this figure in perceptions of crime. The majority of these texts was published in London, was London-centric in its contents, and was advertised as news about crime in the metropolis. Consequently, this thesis explores the complexity of rogue pamphlets’ interaction with the social world, their readers and perceptions about crime and morality. From the starting point of cheap print about roguery, this examination leads into broader discourses about deviance, urbanisation and the marketplace of print.

Published
2013

11. Identification of novel non-coding RNA-based negative feedback regulating the expression of the oncogenic transcription factor GLI1

Author

Villegas, Victoria E., Rahman, Mohammed Ferdous-Ur, Fernandez-Barrena, Maite G., Diao, Yumei, Liapi, Eleni, Sonkoly, Enikö, Ståhle, Mona, Pivarcsi, Andor, Annaratone, Laura, Sapino, Anna, Ramírez Clavijo, Sandra, Bürglin, Thomas R., Shimokawa, Takashi, Ramachandran, Saraswathi, Kapranov, Philipp, Fernandez-Zapico, Martin E., and Zaphiropoulos, Peter G.

Published
2014
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27. Three-dimensional regions-of-interest-based intra-operative 4-dimensional soft tissue perfusion imaging using a standard x-ray system with no gantry rotation: A simulation study for a proof of concept

Author

Taguchi, Katsuyuki, Sauer, Thomas J., Segars, W. Paul, Frey, Eric C., Xu, Jingyan, Liapi, Eleni, Stayman, J. Webster, Hong, Kelvin, Hui, Ferdinand K., Unberath, Mathias, and Du, Yong

Subjects
Perfusion, Cross-Sectional Studies, Rotation, Phantoms, Imaging, Perfusion Imaging, X-Rays, Computer Simulation, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Article
Abstract

PURPOSE: Many interventional procedures aim at changing soft tissue perfusion or blood flow. One problem at present is that soft tissue perfusion and its changes cannot be assessed in an interventional suite because cone-beam computed tomography is too slow (it takes 4–10 s per volume scan). In order to address the problem, we propose a novel method called IPEN for Intra-operative 4-dimensional soft tissue PErfusion using a standard x-ray system with No gantry rotation. METHODS: IPEN uses two input datasets: (1) the contours and locations of 3-dimensional regions-of-interest (ROIs) such as arteries and sub-sections of cancerous lesions, and (2) a series of x-ray projection data obtained from an intra-arterial contrast injection to contrast enhancement to wash-out. IPEN then estimates a time-enhancement curve (TEC) for each ROI directly from projections without reconstructing cross-sectional images by maximizing the agreement between synthesized and measured projections with a temporal roughness penalty. When path lengths through ROIs are known for each x-ray beam, the ROI-specific enhancement can be accurately estimated from projections. Computer simulations are performed to assess the performance of the IPEN algorithm. Intra-arterial contrast-enhanced liver scans over 25 seconds were simulated using XCAT phantom version 2.0 with heterogeneous tissue textures and cancerous lesions. The following four sub-studies were performed: (A) The accuracy of the estimated TECs with overlapped lesions was evaluated at various noise (dose) levels with either homogeneous or heterogeneous lesion enhancement patterns.; (B) the accuracy of IPEN with inaccurate ROI contours was assessed; (C) we investigated how overlapping ROIs and noise in projections affected the accuracy of the IPEN algorithm; and (D) the accuracy of the perfusion indices was assessed. RESULTS: The TECs estimated by IPEN were sufficiently accurate at a reference dose level with the root-mean square deviation (RMSD) of 0.0027±0.0001 cm(−1) or 13±1 Hounsfield unit (mean±standard deviation) for the homogeneous lesion enhancement and 0.0032±0.0005 cm(−1) for the heterogeneous enhancement (N=20 each). The accuracy was degraded with decreasing doses: The RMSD with homogeneous enhancement was 0.0220±0.0003 cm(−1) for 20% of the reference dose level. Performing 3×3-pixel averaging on projection data improved the RMSDs to 0.0051±0.0002 cm(−1) for 20% dose. When the ROI contours were inaccurate, smaller ROI contours resulted in positive biases in TECs, whereas larger ROI contours produced negative biases. The bias remained small, within ±0.0070 cm(−1), when the Sorenson–Dice coefficients (SDCs) were larger than 0.81. The RMSD of the TEC estimation was strongly associated with the condition of the problem, which can be empirically quantified using the condition number of a matrix A(z) that maps a vector of ROI enhancement values z to projection data and a weighted variance of projection data: a linear correlation coefficient (R) was 0.794 (P

Published
2020

32. Contributors

Author

Abujudeh, Hani, primary, Adam, Andreas, additional, Ahmad, Hassan M., additional, Ahn, Sun Ho, additional, Ahrar, Kamran, additional, Alaghmand, Morvarid, additional, Alfidja, Agaicha, additional, Alomari, Ahmad I., additional, Ambrosanio, Gennaro, additional, Ang, Soon Ghee, additional, Angle, John Frederick, additional, Ansel, Gary M., additional, Atassi, Bassel, additional, Auriol, Julien, additional, Baez, Juan Carlos, additional, Bakal, Curtis W., additional, Balzer, Jörn Oliver, additional, Barbato, Joel E., additional, Barnett, Brad P., additional, Baroud, Gamal, additional, Bartolozzi, Carlo, additional, Bauer, Jason R., additional, Baum, Richard Arthur, additional, Bell, Kevin Walter, additional, Bello, Jacqueline A., additional, Berkeley, Jennifer L., additional, Bettmann, Michael A., additional, Bezzi, Mario, additional, Bilbao, José I., additional, Bilecen, Deniz, additional, Binkert, Christoph A., additional, Bjarnason, Haraldur, additional, Black, James H., additional, Blei, Francine, additional, Block, Brian M., additional, Bohner, Marc, additional, Bolia, Amman, additional, Boos, Irene, additional, Botti, Charles F., additional, Boyer, Louis, additional, Bozzi, Elena, additional, Bream, Peter Reynolds, additional, Brem, Rachel F., additional, Brodie, Mark F., additional, Brook, Allan L., additional, Brooke, Benjamin S., additional, Brooks, Duncan Mark, additional, Brown, Daniel B., additional, Brown, Karen T., additional, Burnes, James P., additional, Burrows, Patricia E., additional, Campbell, Justin John, additional, Cantwell, Colin P., additional, Carreres, Thierry, additional, Carrino, John A., additional, Cassagnes, Lucie, additional, Chabrot, Pascal, additional, Chamsuddin, Abbas Afif, additional, Chang, Richard, additional, Chawla, Lakhmir S., additional, Chen, Hank (Han) K., additional, Chen, Yung-Hsin, additional, Chewning, Rush Hamilton, additional, Cho, Kenneth H., additional, Chun, Albert K., additional, Clark, Timothy W.I., additional, Collares, Felipe B., additional, Cova, Luca, additional, Crocetti, Laura, additional, Crum, Charles D., additional, Currier, T. Andrew, additional, Czeyda-Pommersheim, Ferenc, additional, Dake, Michael D., additional, Darcy, Michael David, additional, Dean, L. Mark, additional, De Baère, Thierry, additional, Desai, Sudhen B., additional, Diano, Alvaro A., additional, Dixon, Robert G., additional, Dominguez, Pablo D., additional, Dondelinger, Robert F., additional, Dubel, Gregory J., additional, Eskey, Clifford J., additional, Eubig, Jan A., additional, Faintuch, Salomão, additional, Fairman, Ronald N., additional, Fan, Chieh-Min, additional, Fanelli, Fabrizio, additional, Farber, Mark A., additional, Fayad, Laura M., additional, Ford, Peter F., additional, Funaki, Brian, additional, Gabelmann, Andreas, additional, Gagarin, Dmitri A., additional, Gailloud, Philippe, additional, Ganguli, Suvranu, additional, García-García, Lorenzo, additional, Gates, Vanessa L., additional, Geoghegan, Tony, additional, Gervais, Debra A., additional, Geschwind, Jean-Francois H., additional, Gillbert, Matthew B., additional, Given, Mark F., additional, Gobin, Y. Pierre, additional, Goldberg, S. Nahum, additional, Grawbow, Theodore S., additional, Greenberg, Roy K., additional, Grieme, Brian, additional, Hagspiel, Klaus D., additional, Hamilton, Keith W., additional, Hausegger, Klaus A., additional, Heim, Markus H., additional, Heng, Robert C., additional, Hirsch, Joshua A., additional, Todd Hobelmann, J., additional, Holden, Andrew H., additional, Horn, Ed, additional, Idowu, Oluwatoyin R., additional, Ierace, Tiziana, additional, Ignacio, Elizabeth Ann, additional, Irani, Zubin, additional, Izzo, Roberto, additional, Jackson, James E., additional, Jacob, Augustinus L., additional, Jaga, Priya, additional, Joffre, Francis, additional, Johnson, Matthew S., additional, Jones, Chauncey T., additional, Kalva, Sanjeeva P., additional, Kam, Anthony W., additional, Kamath, Sridhar, additional, Kandarpa, Krishna, additional, Katz, Jeffrey M., additional, Kaufman, John A., additional, Kelekis, Alexis D., additional, Keller, Frederick S., additional, Kerlan, Robert K., additional, Kessel, David, additional, Khan, Verena, additional, Khanna, Kanika, additional, Khilnani, Neil M., additional, Kim, Hyun S., additional, Kiyosue, Hiro, additional, Kos, Sebastian, additional, Kumar, Gaurav, additional, Kupershmidt, Maxim, additional, Kurli, Vineel, additional, LaBerge, Jeanne M., additional, Laffy, Pierre-Yves, additional, Lanciego, Carlos, additional, Lang, Elvira V., additional, Lavanga, Arcangelo L., additional, Lawler, Leo Patrick, additional, Lee, Judy M., additional, Lee, Michael J., additional, Lemettre, Thomas, additional, Lencioni, Riccardo, additional, Lim, Yean L., additional, Lewandowski, Robert J., additional, Lewin, John J., additional, Lewis, Curtis Allen, additional, Li, Changqing, additional, Liapi, Eleni, additional, Llinas, Rafael H., additional, Loose, Reinhard, additional, Lyon, Stuart M., additional, Malloy, Patrick C., additional, Manzano, Michael J., additional, Marachet, Marie Agnes, additional, Martin, Jean-Baptiste, additional, Martínez-Cuesta, Antonio, additional, Marx, M. Victoria, additional, Mathis, John M., additional, Matsumoto, Alan H., additional, Mauro, Matthew A., additional, McLennan, Gordon, additional, McPherson, Simon J., additional, McSwain, Hugh, additional, Meranze, Steven Greene, additional, Miller, Todd S., additional, Min, Robert J., additional, Mitchell, Sally E., additional, Moll, Stephan, additional, Mondschein, Jeffrey I., additional, Moore, Laurel E., additional, Morales, Jose Pablo, additional, Morgan, Robert A., additional, Mori, Hiromu, additional, Morrison, Paul R., additional, Müller-Hülsbeck, Stefan, additional, Murphy, Kieran P.J., additional, Murphy, Timothy P., additional, Muto, Mario, additional, Nanjundappa, Aravinda, additional, Narvaez, Juan C., additional, Do Nascimento, Rodrigo Gomes, additional, Nemcek, Albert A., additional, Noor, Ali, additional, Novelli, Luigi, additional, Orgera, Gianluigi, additional, Otal, Philippe, additional, Owen, Randall P., additional, Patel, Aalpen A., additional, Pauls, Sandra, additional, Pearl, Monica Smith, additional, Pelle, Giuseppe, additional, Pellerin, Olivier, additional, Picus, Daniel, additional, Pollak, Jeffrey S., additional, Portugaller, Rupert Horst, additional, Radzik, Batya R., additional, Rathbun, Suman W., additional, Ravel, Anne, additional, Ray, Charles E., additional, Razavi, Mahmood K., additional, Riina, Howard A., additional, Roberts, Anne, additional, Roche, Alain, additional, Roselli, Eric E., additional, Rosen, Robert J., additional, Rossi, Plinio, additional, Rousseau, Hervé, additional, Ruehm, Stefan G., additional, San Millán Ruíz, Diego, additional, Rundback, John H., additional, Saad, Wael E.A., additional, Sabharwal, Tarun, additional, Martinez Salazar, Gloria Maria, additional, Salerno, John Vito, additional, Salem, Riad, additional, Sapoval, Marc R., additional, Sarin, Shawn N., additional, Sharma, Sanjiv, additional, Shekoyan, Ashot, additional, Shin, Ji Hoon, additional, Silva, Naomi N., additional, Silverman, Stuart G., additional, Singh, Charan Kamal, additional, Sofocleous, Constantinos T., additional, Solbiati, Luigi, additional, Solomon, Stephen B., additional, Song, Ho-Young, additional, Soon, Kean H., additional, Sos, Thomas A., additional, Soulen, Michael C., additional, Spies, James B., additional, Stallmeyer, M.J. Bernadette, additional, Stavas, Joseph M., additional, Stokes, LeAnn Simmons, additional, Strecker, Ernst-Peter, additional, Streiff, Michael B., additional, Sudheendra, Deepak, additional, Tan, Walter A., additional, Tang, Elizabeth R., additional, Tehrani, Mahsa R., additional, Thompson, Mathew M., additional, Thompson, Kenneth R., additional, Tran, Gina D., additional, Trerotola, Scott O., additional, Trost, David, additional, Tulsyan, Nirman, additional, Tuncali, Kemal, additional, Turba, Ulku Cenk, additional, Uflacker, Renan, additional, Sonnenberg, Eric van, additional, Vasudevan, Prasanna, additional, Venbrux, Anthony C., additional, Vesely, Tom, additional, Vierasu, Bogdan, additional, Vile, Rachel L., additional, Vivas, Isabel, additional, Vorwerk, Dierk, additional, Waldman, David L., additional, Wallace, Michael J., additional, Watkinson, Anthony F., additional, Waybill, Peter N., additional, Weintraub, Joshua L., additional, White, Robert I., additional, Wholey, Mark H., additional, Winters, Bradford D., additional, Wityk, Robert, additional, Woo, Edward Y., additional, Wood, Bradford J., additional, Wyse, Gerald M., additional, Yoo, Albert J., additional, Yoon, Chang Jin, additional, Yung, Rex C., additional, Zaid, Soraya, additional, Zangan, Steven M., additional, Zawistowski, Grace M., additional, Zeccolini, Fabio, additional, Zeitler, Eberhard, additional, Zhang, Dianbo, additional, Zoarski, Gregg H., additional, and Zollikofer, Christoph L., additional

Published
2010
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35. Toward intra-operative 4-dimensional soft tissue perfusion imaging using a standard x-ray system with no gantry rotation: a proof of concept

Author

Taguchi, Katsuyuki, primary, Sauer, Thomas J., additional, Segars, William P., additional, Frey, Eric C., additional, Xu, Jingyan, additional, Liapi, Eleni, additional, Stayman, Joseph W., additional, Hong, Kelvin, additional, Hui, Ferdinand K., additional, Unberath, Mathias, additional, and Du, Yong, additional

Published
2021
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40. Three‐dimensional regions‐of‐interest–based intra‐operative four‐dimensional soft tissue perfusion imaging using a standard x‐ray system with no gantry rotation: A simulation study for a proof of concept

Author

Taguchi, Katsuyuki, primary, Sauer, Thomas J., additional, Segars, W. Paul, additional, Frey, Eric C., additional, Xu, Jingyan, additional, Liapi, Eleni, additional, Stayman, J. Webster, additional, Hong, Kelvin, additional, Hui, Ferdinand K., additional, Unberath, Mathias, additional, and Du, Yong, additional

Published
2020
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41. Sa1504 SAFETY PROFILE OF LIVER-DIRECTED, NON-VIRAL GENE DELIVERY BY ENDOSCOPIC-MEDIATED HYDRODYNAMIC INJECTION OF THE BILIARY TRACT IN PIGS

Author

Huang, Yuting, primary, Kruse, Robert, additional, Shum, Thomas, additional, Ding, Hui, additional, Simsek, Cem, additional, Izzi, Jessica, additional, Wang, Zack, additional, Ichkhanian, Yervant, additional, Itani, Mohamad I., additional, Liapi, Eleni, additional, Li, Ling, additional, Selaru, Florin, additional, and Kumbhari, Vivek, additional

Published
2020
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