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Wei Liu,1 Jeffrey Hugh Gamble,2 Cui-Hong Cao,3,4 Xiao-Ling Liao,5 I-Hua Chen,1 Gordon L Flett6 1Chinese Academy of Education Big Data, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of English, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan; 3Faculty of Education, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, People’s Republic of China; 4School of Foreign Languages, Shandong Women’s University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China; 5Faculty of Education, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China; 6Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, CanadaCorrespondence: I-Hua Chen, Chinese Academy of Education Big Data, Qufu Normal University, 57 Jingxuan West Road, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86 05374450537, Email aholechen@gmail.com Gordon L Flett, Faculty of Health, York University, LaMarsh Centre for Child & Youth Research, 5022K Technology Enhanced Learning – TEL Keele Campus, Toronto, ON, Canada, Tel +1 416 736 2100 Ext. 33727, Email gflett@yorku.caPurpose: Mattering is essential to university students’ mental health. Feeling valued by others or unimportant can affect their overall well-being. However, most measures for assessing mattering have been developed and tested in Western countries, with limited evaluation of the measures when administered to university students in other regions. This study evaluated the reliability and validity of three mattering-related instruments – the General Mattering Scale (GMS), Anti-Mattering Scale (AMS), and Fear of Not Mattering Inventory (FNMI) among Chinese university students using classical test theory and Rasch analysis.Methods: The study comprised 3594 university students from 19 universities across 13 provinces in mainland China, with a balanced gender distribution of 47.2% females and 52.8% males. Participants’ ages ranged from 18 to 37, averaging 20.02 years. Most (78.4%) were in four-year programs, with the rest in three-year programs. The majority were freshmen (54.2%), and 86.3% had siblings. The predominant major was engineering (43.4%), followed by roughly equal representations in science, social science, and literature/art.Results: The three scales showed high reliability and factorial validity, with Rasch analysis confirming their unidimensionality and monotonicity, although 2 of 15 items (one GMS item and one FNMI item) had lower fit. There were no substantial differences in item functioning between male and female respondents. Further analyses indicated that mattering, anti-mattering, and fear of not mattering all explained significant unique variance in levels of hope and distress.Conclusion: All three mattering-related instruments are suitable for assessing Chinese students’ mattering, anti-mattering, and fear of not mattering and changes in levels of these mattering dimensions. Moreover, each measure represents a unique element of the mattering construct in terms of associations with levels of hope and distress assessed in during the COVID-19 pandemic.Keywords: mattering, anti-mattering, fear of not mattering, university students, hope, distress

Jia-Li Zhang,1,2,&ast; An-Xin Wang,1,2,&ast; Yang Yang,2,3 Qin Xu,1,2 Xiao-Ling Liao,1,2 Wei-Guo Ma,4 Ning Zhang,2,3 Chun-Xue Wang,2,3,5 Yong-Jun Wang1,2 1Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neurology and Clinical Psychology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 4Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 5Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Ning Zhang; Chun-Xue Wang, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, 119 South 4th Ring West Road, Beijing, 100070, People’s Republic of China, Emails 827582777@qq.com; snowsen@126.comBackground: Although sleep disorders significantly increase the risk of cognitive impairment, literature is relatively scarce regarding the impact of sleep status on cognitive function in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We seek to study the association between pre-stroke subjective sleep status and cognitive function at 3 months after stroke.Patients and methods: Data were analyzed for 1,759 AIS patients from the Impairment of Cognition and Sleep after Acute Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack in Chinese Patients Study (ICONS). Pre-stroke subjective sleep status was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Greater sleep fragmentation was defined as waking up in the middle of the night or early morning ≥ 3 times a week. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) at 3 months after stroke. Primary endpoint was the incidence of post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) at 3 months after stroke. The association between subjective sleep status and PSCI was evaluated using multivariable logistic regression.Results: PSCI occurred in 52.1% at 3 months after stroke. Patients with very bad sleep quality before stroke were at increased risk of PSCI (OR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.11– 4.03; P=0.03). Subgroup analysis found that the association between very bad sleep quality and PSCI was more evident among patients with high school education or above (OR, 5.73; 95% CI, 1.92– 17.10; P for interaction=0.02). In addition, patients with greater sleep fragmentation before stroke were also at higher risk of PSCI (OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.20– 2.01; P< 0.01). Similarly, subgroup analysis showed that the risk of PSCI was more pronounced among patients without employment (OR, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.59– 3.77; P for interaction=0.01).Conclusion: Very bad sleep quality and greater sleep fragmentation before stroke were identified as independent risk factors for PSCI at 3 months after stroke.Keywords: subjective sleep status, cognitive impairment, ischemic stroke

Xiao-Wei Fan,1– 4,&ast; Yang Yang,2– 5,&ast; Shuo Wang,2– 5 Yi-Jun Zhang,1– 4 An-Xin Wang,1– 4 Xiao-Ling Liao,1– 4 Wei-Guo Ma,6 Ning Zhang,2– 5 Chun-Xue Wang,2– 5,7 Yong-Jun Wang1– 4 1Department of Neurology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 3China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 4Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neurology and Clinical Psychology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 6Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 7Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Ning Zhang; Chun-Xue Wang, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, 119 South 4th Ring West Road, Beijing, 100070, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-15801203052 ; +86-13701193710, Email 827582777@qq.com; snowsen@126.comPurpose: The impact of poor sleep quality after stroke, especially persistent poor sleep quality, on poststroke anxiety and depression is unclear. We seek to investigate the impact of baseline and persistent poor sleep quality on short-term poststroke anxiety and depression.Patients and Methods: Data were analyzed for 1619 patients with acute ischemic stroke from the Impairment of Cognition and Sleep after Acute Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack in Chinese Patients study (ICONS). The sleep quality was assessed at 2 weeks and 3 months using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scale (PSQI). Poor sleep quality was defined as a PSQI score of > 5, and persistent poor sleep quality was defined as a PSQI score of > 5 at each time point. Patients were divided into three groups according to the quality of sleep: good sleep quality, baseline poor sleep quality and persistent poor sleep quality. Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), General Anxiety Disorder-7 scale (GAD-7), and Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 3 months after stroke were taken as the study outcomes.Results: Persistent poor sleep quality was present in 70.2% of patients after stroke. Compared to those with good sleep quality, patients with baseline poor sleep quality did not show significant differences in disability, anxiety and depression. However, patients with persistent poor sleep were at increased risk of depression (odds ratio, OR 3.04, 95% confidence interval, CI 1.66– 5.57, P < 0.01) and anxiety (OR 3.20, 95% CI 1.42– 7.19, P < 0.01) at 3 months after stroke. Persistent poor sleep quality was not identified as a risk factor for functional disability at 3 months.Conclusion: Patients with persistent poor sleep quality are at added risks for depression and anxiety after stroke.Keywords: sleep quality, depression, anxiety, ischemic stroke

Xiao-Long Liao, Zhong-Hua Wang, Xiu-Na Liang, Jun Liang, Xue-Biao Wei, Shou-Hong Wang, Wei-Xin Guo Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Shou-Hong Wang; Wei-Xin GuoDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, People’s Republic of ChinaTel/Fax +86-20-83827812Email gdwangshouhong@163.com; gguosumly@163.comPurpose: The relationship between circulating selenium and diabetes mellitus (DM) remains inconsistent. Therefore, the relationship between circulating selenium and DM was investigated in the present study.Patients and Methods: All participants (aged ≥ 18 years) were included from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999– 2006. Selenium concentrations from the fasting serum samples were determined using inductively coupled mass spectrometry, then grouped into quartiles. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by using multivariate logistic regression analysis and the results were stratified by age and sex.Results: A total of 2,903 (61.9± 13.7 years old) participants (49.3% males) were enrolled, and 580 (19.97%) of them had DM. The mean levels of selenium were 136.4± 19.6 μg/L. Patients with DM (138.76± 20.02 vs 135.88± 19.44, P=0.002) had higher selenium levels compared to those without DM. The OR for DM was 1.12 (95% CI=1.01– 1.24; P=0.0270) for each 10 μg/L increment in selenium, and subjects in the highest quartile of selenium levels (> 147.00 uμg/L) had 2.82 (95% CI=1.55– 5.11; P=0.0007) times higher risk of DM compared to the lowest quartile of selenium levels. Subgroup analysis showed that selenium was independently associated with DM only in female aged < 65 years.Conclusion: Circulating selenium levels were positively associated with the odds of DM, but difference in sex and age.Keywords: diabetes mellitus, selenium, relationship

Mingzhi Xie,1 Yufeng Lv,2 Zhihui Liu,1 Jingyan Zhang,1 Chaoyong Liang,1 Xiaoli Liao,1 Rong Liang,1 Yan Lin,1 Yongqiang Li1 1First Department of Chemotherapy, Medical Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P.R. China; 2Department of Oncology, Affiliated Langdong Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P.R. China Purpose: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most common cancers with high mortality worldwide. However, biomarkers for predicting prognosis in ccRCC are limited. In this study, we attempted to identify potential prognostic biomarkers of ccRCC. Methods: Clinical information and the preprocessed ccRCC mature miRNA expression profiles in The Cancer Genome Atlas database were downloaded from UCSC Xena. The miRNAs differentially expressed between ccRCCs and matched normal tissues were analyzed using the “limma” package. A miRNA-based signature was constructed using the multivariate Cox regression model with prognosis index (PI) formula. Patients with ccRCC were divided into low-risk and high-risk subgroups according to median PI. The survival times were compared between the two groups using Kaplan–Meier analysis with log-rank test. The training set was used to construct a miRNA-based signature for predicting prognosis. The test set was used to verify the signature. Target gene prediction and functional enrichment analysis of the four miRNAs were performed using miRNet. Results: We identified four miRNAs, miRNA-21-5p, miRNA-9-5p, miR-149-5p, and miRNA-30b-5p, as independent prognostic indicators. Next, we used these four miRNAs to construct a four-miRNA PI for each patient. Results revealed that patients in the high-risk group (n=119) had significantly shorter survival time than those in the low-risk group (n=118) (high-risk/low-risk group log-rank P=0.000). This four-miRNA signature is an independent prognostic factor compared with routine clinicopathological features in the test set. These miRNAs targeted 1,634 genes, and a miRNA-target gene network was constructed using miRNet. The target genes of these four miRNAs were involved in various pathways related to cancer. Conclusion: Our observations suggest that the four-miRNA signature correlated with the survival of patients with ccRCC and can be used as a prognostic biomarker of ccRCC. Keywords: ccRCC, miRNA signature, overall survival, prognostic biomarkers

Objective To determine whether remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC) is cardioprotective in patients undergoing heart valve replacement. Design Single-blinded, randomised controlled trial. Setting Tertiary referral hospital in China. Patients Adult patients (31-72 years) undergoing mitral valve, aortic valve or tricuspid valve surgery. Interventions Patients were randomised to either the RIPC (n=38) or control (n=35) group. After induction of anaesthesia, patients in the RIPC group underwent three 5 min cycles of right upper limb ischaemia, induced by an automated cuff-inflator placed on the upper arm and inflated to 200 mm Hg. Each cycle was interrupted by a 5 min period of reperfusion during which time the cuff was deflated. The control group had only a deflated cuff placed on the upper arm for 30 min. Main outcome measures Serum troponin I concentration was measured before surgery and at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h postoperatively. The cardiac function of all patients was followed postoperatively. Results Troponin I concentration was reduced in the RIPC group (398.7±179.3 [mu]g/l) compared with the control group (708.4±242.5 [mu]g/l). Mean difference was 309.7±50.8 (95% CI 210.1 to 409.3, p<0.0001). A greater improvement in postsurgical cardiac function was noted in the RIPC group than in the control group. Conclusions These data indicate that RIPC reduces myocardial injury and improves cardiac function in patients undergoing heart valve surgery. Trial registration number NCT01175681. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common disease that seriously jeopardizes human health and affects patients' quality of life. The clinical efficacy of acupuncture in treating COPD is definite, and it can exert positive effects such as improving skeletal muscle degradation, airway mucus hypersecretion and pulmonary vascular remodeling in COPD rats. In recent years, the research on the underlying mechanisms of acupuncture in improving COPD has become more and more in-depth. In this review, we searched and organized the domestic and international literatures on the basic experimental aspects of acupuncture in COPD treatment, and found that the underlying mechanisms of acupuncture mainly include (1) reducing the number of inflammatory cells in the lung tissue, regulating inflammasome, epigenetic modification and inflammation-related signaling pathways to inhibit the synthesis and release of cytokines, inhibiting the level of autophagy and inhibiting the release and expression of neurotransmitters； (2) improving antioxidant capacity and reducing oxidative damage, suppressing oxidative stress in the lung tissue； (3) regulating protease/antiprotease imbalance to maintain pulmonary homeostasis. These results provide a theoretical basis and a new way of thinking for the clinical application of acupuncture in the treatment of COPD.

Plasmon-mediated chemical reactions (PMCR) have garnered growing interest as a promising concept for photocatalysis. However, in electrochemical systems at solid-liquid interfaces, the photo-induced charge transfer on the surface of metal-semiconductor heterostructures involves complex processes and mechanisms, which are still poorly understood. We explore the plasmon-mediated carrier transfer mechanism and the synergistic effect of light and electric fields on Ag-TiO 2 heterostructures, through a combination of electrochemical surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and photoelectrochemical methods, with para-aminothiophenol (PATP) serving as a probe molecule. The results show that photocurrent responses are dependent on not only excitation wavelengths and applied potentials, but also the irreversibility of redox. The relationship between photocurrent responses and the chemical transformation between PATP and 4,4'-dimercaptoazobenzene is established, reflecting the photo-induced charge transfer of the heterostructures. The collaboration of spectroscopic and photoelectrochemical methods provide valuable insights into the chemical transformation and kinetic information of adsorbed molecules on the heterostructure during PMCR, offering opportunities for modulating of photocatalytic activities of hot carriers., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic's "Great Online Transition" significantly impacted teachers. Existing research on Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT) lacks longitudinal designs and consideration of subject-specific contexts. This study, using the Stressor-Strain-Outcome framework, investigates psychological needs thwarting (PNT) during ERT on teachers' well-being and online teaching intentions, considering subject of instruction as a potential factor., Methods: Data were collected from 1,369 Chinese primary and middle school teachers of Chinese literature, mathematics, and English as a Foreign Language (EFL) at two time points: two weeks after ERT implementation (Time 1, mid-November 2021) and two months later, after returning to face-to-face teaching (Time 2, mid-January 2022). PNT, emotional exhaustion, psychological distress, and intention towards online teaching were evaluated., Results: Among the types of PNT, competence thwarting emerged as the strongest predictor of emotional exhaustion, which was, in turn, associated with reduced online teaching intention and increased psychological distress. EFL teachers showed stronger associations between PNT, emotional exhaustion, and adverse outcomes, indicating higher susceptibility to strain during ERT., Conclusion: Subject of instruction, particularly for EFL teachers, significantly influences the relationship between PNT and teacher outcomes during ERT. Our findings underscore the need for subject-specific support strategies in online teaching environments., Competing Interests: Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the Jiangxi Psychological Consultant Association (IRB ref: JXSXL-2020-J013). The electronically informed consent was obtained from all of the participants, where the purpose of the study, researcher’s affiliation, and privacy guarantee were explained. Consent for publication Not applicable. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: Problematic Internet Use (PIU) among adolescents is a growing concern. This longitudinal study examined changes in PIU between summer holidays and the academic period among Chinese senior high school students (n = 710; M age : 16.68, SD = 0.54; 50 % female), focusing on interpersonally vulnerable individuals., Methods: Anti-Mattering Scale (AMS) and UCLA Loneliness Scale was applied to identify the interpersonally vulnerable groups. Latent Profile Analysis (LPA), Mixed ANOVA and Network Analysis (NwA) were employed to identify differences and interrelationships between groups at the two described times, in terms of PIU, mattering, and distress., Results: An interpersonally vulnerable group was identified with higher PIU severity, lower mattering perception, higher fear of not mattering, and higher distress compared to their peers (21.5 % of the total analyzed sample). PIU levels were higher during holidays than the academic term for all groups. The interpersonally vulnerable group showed higher reductions in fear of not mattering and distress from holidays to academic period. NwA revealed the central role of loneliness and distress in mediating the relationships between mattering and PIU., Conclusions: Interpersonally vulnerable adolescents are at higher risk for PIU, particularly during holidays. Targeted interventions promoting a sense of mattering and belonging are needed to mitigate PIU risk and support healthy development among this group., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

VEGF-induced angiogenesis is impaired in hypercholesterolemia. Previous studies showed that an apolipoprotein A-I(ApoA-I) mimetic peptide, D-4F, is able to reduce HDL proinflammatory index in hypercholesterolemia. Whether D-4F promotes angiogenesis in hypercholesterolemia remains unclear. Low-density lipoprotein receptor null (LDLr -/- ) mice and LDLr -/- /ApoA-I -/- mice were fed with high-fat diet with or without D-4F (1mg/kg·d). C57BL/6 mice fed with normal diet served as control. The myocardial infarction was induced by ligation coronary artery, and the VEGFA-AAV 9 was injected in heart. The plasma HDL proinflammatory index, cardiac function, infarct size, and angiogenesis related signaling pathways were examined. The HDL proinflammatory index increases in hypercholesterolemic mice. VEGFA stimulates angiogenesis and improves cardiac function in ischemic heart of C57BL/6 mice, but not in hypercholesterolemic mice. D-4F reduces HDL proinflammatory index. D-4F combined with VEGFA stimulates the expression of CD31 and eNOS, activates ERK1/2, reduces infarct size, and improves cardiac function in ischemic heart in hypercholesterolemic LDLr -/- mice but not in hypercholesterolemic LDLr -/- /ApoA-I -/- mice. D-4F restores the VEGF-induced angiogenesis by reducing HDL proinflammatory properties in hypercholesterolemic ischemic heart., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

There have been reports of potential health risks for people from hydrophobic organic pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated hydrocarbons (PCHs), and organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs). When a contaminated site is used for residential housing or public utility and recreation areas, the soil-bound organic pollutants might pose a threat to human health. In this study, we investigated the contamination profiles and potential risks to human health of 15 PAHs, 6 PCHs, and 12 OPFRs in soils from four contaminated sites in China. We used an in vitro method to determine the oral bioaccessibility of soil pollutants. Total PAHs were found at concentrations ranging from 26.4 ng/g to 987 ng/g. PCHs (0.27‒14.3 ng/g) and OPFRs (6.30‒310 ng/g) were detected, but at low levels compared to earlier reports. The levels of PAHs, PCHs, and OPFRs released from contaminated soils into simulated gastrointestinal fluids ranged from 1.74% to 91.0%, 2.51% to 39.6%, and 1.37% to 96.9%, respectively. Based on both spiked and unspiked samples, we found that the oral bioaccessibility of pollutants was correlated with their logK ow and molecular weight, and the total organic carbon content and pH of soils. PAHs in 13 out of 38 contaminated soil samples posed potential high risks to children. When considering oral bioaccessibility, nine soils still posed potential risks, while the risks in the remaining soils became negligible. The contribution of this paper is that it corrects the health risk of soil-bound organic pollutants by detecting bioaccessibility in actual soils from different contaminated sites., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

The COVID-19 outbreak led to widespread school closures and the shift to remote teaching, potentially resulting in lasting negative impacts on teachers' psychological well-being due to increased workloads and a perceived lack of administrative support. Despite the significance of these challenges, few studies have delved into the long-term effects of perceived instructional leadership on teachers' psychological health. To bridge this research gap, we utilized longitudinal data from 927 primary and secondary school teachers surveyed in two phases: Time 1 in mid-November 2021 and Time 2 in early January 2022. Using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM), our findings revealed that perceptions of instructional leadership, especially the "perceived school neglect of teaching autonomy" at Time 1 were positively correlated with burnout levels at Time 2. Additionally, burnout at Time 2 was positively associated with psychological distress and acted as a mediator between the "perceived school neglect of teaching autonomy" and psychological distress. In light of these findings, we recommend that schools prioritize teachers' teaching autonomy and take proactive measures to mitigate burnout and psychological distress, aiming for the sustainable well-being of both teachers and students in the post-pandemic era., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Chen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Background: Sepsis-associated liver injury (SLI) is a severe and prevalent complication of sepsis., Aim: To explore the literature on SLI via a bibliometric approach., Methods: Reviews and articles correlated with SLI published from January 1, 2000 to October 28, 2023 were searched from the Web of Science Core Collection. Then, the searched data were analyzed using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and R language., Results: There were 787 publications involved in this paper, comprising 745 articles and 42 reviews. China, the United States, and Germany are the primary publication sources in this area. Studies related to SLI primarily focused on mechanisms of pathogenesis, as evidenced by analyzing keywords, references, and the counting of original research. These studies mainly involved tumor necrosis factor alpha, inflammation, oxidative stress, and nuclear factor-kappa B., Conclusion: There is significant growth in the research on SLI. Current investigations primarily involve basic experiments that aimed at uncovering pathogenic mechanisms. According to the analyzed literature, the identified pathogenic mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets serve as the foundation for translating findings from basic research to clinical applications., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article., (©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

Ultraviolet B (UVB) light exposure accelerates skin photoaging. Human adipose-derived stem cell exosomes (hADSC-Exos) and some antioxidants may have anti-photoaging effects. However, it is unknown whether the combination of hADSC-Exos and antioxidants plays a synergistic role in anti-photoaging. In cellular and 3D skin models, we showed that vitamin E (VE) and hADSC-Exos were optimal anti-photoaging combinations. In vivo, VE and hADSC-Exos increased skin tightening and elasticity in UVB-induced photoaging mice Combined treatment with VE and hADSC-Exos inhibited SIRT1/NF-κB pathway. These findings contribute to the understanding of hADSC-Exos in conjunction with other antioxidants, thereby providing valuable insights for the future pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

The pronounced lethality of N -(1,3-dimethylbutyl)- N '-phenyl- p -phenylenediamine quinone (6PPD-quinone or 6PPDQ) toward specific salmonids, while sparing other fish species, has received considerable attention. However, the underlying cause of this species-specific toxicity remains unresolved. This study explored 6PPDQ toxicokinetics and intestinal microbiota composition in adult zebrafish during a 14-day exposure to environmentally realistic concentrations, followed by a 7-day recovery phase. Predominant accumulation occurred in the brain, intestine, and eyes, with the lowest levels in the liver. Six metabolites were found to undergo hydroxylation, with two additionally undergoing O -sulfonation. Semiquantitative analyses revealed that the predominant metabolite featured a hydroxy group situated on the phenyl ring adjacent to the quinone. This was further validated by assessing enzyme activity and determining in silico binding interactions. Notably, the binding affinity between 6PPDQ and zebrafish phase I and II enzymes exceeded that with the corresponding coho salmon enzymes by 1.04-1.53 times, suggesting a higher potential for 6PPDQ detoxification in tolerant species. Whole-genome sequencing revealed significant increases in the genera Nocardioides and Rhodococcus after exposure to 6PPDQ. Functional annotation and pathway enrichment analyses predicted that these two genera would be responsible for the biodegradation and metabolism of xenobiotics. These findings offer crucial data for comprehending 6PPDQ-induced species-specific toxicity.

Tire wear particles (TWPs) enter aquatic ecosystems through various pathways, such as rainwater and urban runoff. Additives in TWPs can harm aquatic organisms in these ecosystems. Therefore, it is essential to investigate their toxicity to aquatic organisms. In our study, we initially recorded the median effective concentrations of 21 TWP-derived compounds on Chlorella vulgaris growth, ranging from 0.04 to 8.60 mg/L. Subsequently, through an extensive review of the literature, we incorporated 112 compounds with specific toxicity endpoints to construct the QSAR model using genetic algorithm and multiple linear regression techniques, followed by the construction of the consensus model and the quantitative read-across structure-activity relationship (q-RASAR) model. Meanwhile, we employed rigorous internal and external validation measures to assess the performance of the model. The results indicated that the developed q-RASAR model exhibited strong adaptation, robustness, and reliable prediction, with q-RASAR indicators of Q 2 LOO = 0.7673, R 2 tr = 0.8079, R 2 test = 0.8610, Q 2 Fn = 0.8285-0.8614, and CCC test = 0.9222. Based on an external dataset containing 128 emerging TWP-derived compounds, the model's applicability domain coverage was 90.6 %. The q-RASAR model predicted that the structure of diphenylamine was associated with higher toxicity, possibly liked to the SpMax2&#95;Bhm and LogBCF descriptors. The established model reliably provides prediction and fills a critical data gap. These findings highlight the potential risks posed by emerging TWP-derived compounds to aquatic organisms., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Considering the differences in pH between bacterial infection microenvironment and normal tissues, a series of pH-responsive drug-release amphiphilic polyurethane copolymers (DPU-g-PEG) have been prepared in this work. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and 1 H NMR was selected to detect the structure of the condensed polymers. The DPU-g-PEG amphiphilic copolymers could form stable micelles with a hydrophilic shell of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and a hydrophobic core of polylactic acid (PLA). We loaded a model drug called triclosan onto DPU-g-PEG micelles and studied how pH affects their particle size, Zeta potential, and drug release performance. The results revealed that when exposed to acidic conditions, the surface potential of DPU-g-PEG micelles changed, the micelles' particle size increased, and the drug release performance was significantly enhanced. These results suggested that the micelles prepared in this study can release more antibacterial substances at sites of bacterial infection. Meanwhile, we also investigated the impact of different ratios of soft and hard segments on the properties of micelles, and the results showed that the pH responsiveness of micelles was strongest when the ratio of soft segments (PLLA diol + PEG 2000): 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI): 2,6-Bis-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-pyrrolo[3,4-f]isoindole-1,3,5,7-tetraone (DMA) = 1: 1.2: 0.2. Furthermore, the results of inhibition zone test, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) all confirmed the antibacterial activity of triclosan-load DPU-g-PEG micelles. In conclusion, the DPU-g-PEG micelles produced in this study have the potential to be used as intelligent drug delivery systems in the biomedical field.

N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine quinone (6PPDQ) has attracted significant attention due to its highly acute lethality to sensitive salmonids. However, studies investigating the mechanisms underlying its acute toxicity have been lacking. In this work, we demonstrated the sensitivity of rainbow trout to 6PPDQ-induced mortality. Moribund trout exhibited significantly higher brain concentrations of 6PPDQ compared to surviving trout. In an in vitro model using human brain microvascular endothelial cells, 6PPDQ can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and enhance blood-brain barrier permeability without compromising cell viability. The time spent in the top of the tank increased with rising 6PPDQ concentrations, as indicated by locomotion behavior tests. Furthermore, 6PPDQ influenced neurotransmitter levels and mRNA expression of neurotransmission-related genes in the brain and exhibited strong binding affinity to target neurotransmission-related proteins using computational simulations. The integrated biomarker response value associated with neurotoxicity showed a positive linear correlation with trout mortality. These findings significantly contribute to filling the knowledge gap between neurological impairments and apical outcomes, including behavioral effects and mortality, induced by 6PPDQ., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Science China Press. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the resting-state functional connectivity and topologic characteristics of brain networks in patients with diabetic optic neuropathy (DON)., Methods: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed on 23 patients and 41 healthy control (HC) subjects. We used independent component analysis and graph theoretical analysis to determine the topologic characteristics of the brain and as well as functional network connectivity (FNC) and topologic properties of brain networks., Results: Compared with HCs, patients with DON showed altered global characteristics. At the nodal level, the DON group had fewer nodal degrees in the thalamus and insula, and a greater number in the right rolandic operculum, right postcentral gyrus, and right superior temporal gyrus. In the internetwork comparison, DON patients showed significantly increased FNC between the left frontoparietal network (FPN-L) and ventral attention network (VAN). Additionally, in the intranetwork comparison, connectivity between the left medial superior frontal gyrus (MSFG) of the default network (DMN) and left putamen of auditory network was decreased in the DON group., Conclusion: DON patients altered node properties and connectivity in the DMN, auditory network, FPN-L, and VAN. These results provide evidence of the involvement of specific brain networks in the pathophysiology of DON., (© 2024 The Authors. CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: The transplantation of exosomes derived from human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) has emerged as a prospective cellular-free therapeutic intervention for the treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), as well as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Nevertheless, the efficacy of hADSC exosome transplantation for ASD treatment remains to be verified, and the underlying mechanism of action remains unclear., Results: The exosomal long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) from hADSC and human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSC) were sequenced and 13,915 and 729 lncRNAs were obtained, respectively. The lncRNAs present in hADSC-Exos encompass those found in hUCMSC-Exos and are associated with neurogenesis. The biodistribution of hADSC-Exos in mouse brain ventricles and organoids was tracked, and the cellular uptake of hADSC-Exos was evaluated both in vivo and in vitro. hADSC-Exos promote neurogenesis in brain organoid and ameliorate social deficits in ASD mouse model BTBR T + tf/J (BTBR). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) confirmed lncRNA Ifngas1 significantly increased in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of adult mice after hADSC-Exos intraventricular injection. The lncRNA Ifngas1 can act as a molecular sponge for miR-21a-3p to play a regulatory role and promote neurogenesis through the miR-21a-3p/PI3K/AKT axis., Conclusion: We demonstrated hADSC-Exos have the ability to confer neuroprotection through functional restoration, attenuation of neuroinflammation, inhibition of neuronal apoptosis, and promotion of neurogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. The hADSC-Exos-derived lncRNA IFNG-AS1 acts as a molecular sponge and facilitates neurogenesis via the miR-21a-3p/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, thereby exerting a regulatory effect. Our findings suggest a potential therapeutic avenue for individuals with ASD., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: Although gastric adenocarcinoma (GA) related ocular metastasis (OM) is rare, its occurrence indicates a more severe disease. We aimed to utilize machine learning (ML) to analyze the risk factors of GA-related OM and predict its risks. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study. The clinical data of 3532 GA patients were collected and randomly classified into training and validation sets in a ratio of 7:3. Those with or without OM were classified into OM and non-OM (NOM) groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator were conducted. We integrated the variables identified through feature importance ranking and further refined the selection process using forward sequential feature selection based on random forest (RF) algorithm before incorporating them into the ML model. We applied six ML algorithms to construct the predictive GA model. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve indicated the model's predictive ability. Also, we established a network risk calculator based on the best performance model. We used Shapley additive interpretation (SHAP) to identify risk factors and to confirm the interpretability of the black box model. We have de-identified all patient details. Results: The ML model, consisting of 13 variables, achieved an optimal predictive performance using the gradient boosting machine (GBM) model, with an impressive area under the curve (AUC) of 0.997 in the test set. Utilizing the SHAP method, we identified crucial factors for OM in GA patients, including LDL, CA724, CEA, AFP, CA125, Hb, CA153, and Ca 2+ . Additionally, we validated the model's reliability through an analysis of two patient cases and developed a functional online web prediction calculator based on the GBM model. Conclusion: We used the ML method to establish a risk prediction model for GA-related OM and showed that GBM performed best among the six ML models. The model may identify patients with GA-related OM to provide early and timely treatment., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

In this study, a biodegradable Schiff-base hydrogel urea, possessing substantial water retention and certain slow-release ability was designed and synthesized. Firstly, dialdehyde starch (DAS) and amine-terminated polyethylene glycol (PEG-(NH 2 ) 2 ) were synthesized using potato starch and polyethylene glycol. Then, a novel Schiff-base hydrogel (SH) was prepared through the in-situ reaction between the aldehyde group of DAS and the amino group of PEG-(NH 2 ) 2 . Three SH based slow-release urea, designated as SHU1, SHU2, and SHU3 and distinguished by varying urea content, were obtained using SH as the substrate. Several characterizations and tests were conducted to determine the structure, thermal properties, morphology, swelling properties, sustainable use, water retention, and biodegradation properties of SH. Additionally, the slow-release behavior of SHU was studied. SEM results revealed that SH possessed a porous three-dimensional network structure, with a maximum water absorption capacity of 4440 % ± 6.23 %. Compared to pure urea, SHU exhibited better slow-release performance after 30 days of release in soil, with SHU1 having a residual nitrogen content of specifically 36.01 ± 0.57 % of the initial nitrogen content. A pot experiment with pakchoi substantiated the water retention and plant growth promotion properties of SHU. This study demonstrated a straightforward method for the preparation of starch-based Schiff-base hydrogels as fertilizer carriers., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Yanjun reports financial support was provided by the Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem (Gansu Agricultural University), Ministry of Education of China. Yanjun Cui reports financial support was provided by National Natural Science Foundation of China. Yanjun Cui reports financial support was provided by Gansu Provincial Education Department. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: In light of the significant impact that teachers have on education quality and student growth, their mental health warrants special attention. With the increasing popularity of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and the rise of online teaching during the pandemic, teachers have become a group prone to developing problematic smartphone use (PSU). Psychological need thwarting (PNT) has been shown to be closely related to PSU, psychological distress, and perceived administrative support. However, most previous studies have adopted a variable-centered approach, which may overlook the possibility that the three basic needs are not closely associated and could form distinct profiles. Therefore, this study aims to apply latent profile analysis to identify different PNT profiles and their associations with PSU, psychological distress, and perceived administrative support., Methods: A longitudinal survey was conducted using convenience and purposive sampling methods. The survey involved 1,642 primary and middle school teachers working in China over a two-month interval, with the first assessment in November 2021 (Time 1) and the second in January 2022 (Time 2)., Results: The results indicate that a three-profile model, intricately based on the PNT data gathered at Time 1, is most optimal: Class 1 is labeled as 'High autonomy-High competence and Moderate relatedness thwarting', Class 2 as 'High autonomy-High competence and High relatedness thwarting', and Class 3 as 'Low psychological needs thwarting'. Distinct associations were observed among the three profiles concerning PSU, psychological distress, and perceived administrative support. Specifically, in terms of PSU, the score of Class 2 was higher than Class 1, with that of Class 3 being the lowest at Time 1, while at Time 2 no significant difference was found between any two of these three groups; in terms of distress, the scores of the three profiles were arranged from high to low as Class 2, 1, and 3 at both time points; and in terms of perceived administrative support, the order was just the opposite, with 3, 1, and 2 from high to low at both Time 1 and Time 2., Conclusion: Notably, the consistent ranking of the three classes in terms of psychological distress and administrative support suggests a lasting influence of PNT. Future studies should explore this enduring impact further by employing additional longitudinal data sets and examining potential mediators or moderators beyond the current study's scope., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The author(s) declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision., (Copyright © 2023 Liao, Cao, Gamble, Li, Jiang, Bo and Chen.)

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to monitor and record the dynamic brain activity of patients with moyamoya disease (MMD), as well as to study the relationship between brain abnormalities and presenting clinical features. Methods: A total of 16 patients with MMD (2 males and 14 females) were invited to participate in the study, as were healthy controls (HCs) with the same number and sex ratio. In this study, the dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (dALFF) was utilized to assess changes in spontaneous brain activity. Moreover, we also used correlation analysis to study the relationship among the measured mean of dALFF, behavioral performances, and the retinal nerve fiber layer and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) score to explore the potential relationship between MMD and anxiety and depression. Results: Our study reveals that in MMD, dALFF levels decreased in the left lingual gyrus, right insula, and occipital lobe. Discussion: In this study, we found and discussed the potential relationship between the abnormal activities in multiple brain regions and related functional network disorders in patients with MMD, as well as the damage to brain regions that process emotion and vision, in the hopes of providing more ideas for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of MMD.

Numerous randomised controlled trials have suggested the positive effects of acupuncture on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the underlying therapeutic mechanisms of acupuncture for COPD have not been clearly summarized yet. Inflammation is central to the development of COPD. In this review, we elucidate the effects and underlying mechanisms of acupuncture from an anti-inflammatory perspective based on animal studies. Cigarette smoke combined with lipopolysaccharide is often used to establish animal models of COPD. Electroacupuncture can be an effective intervention to improve inflammation in COPD, and Feishu (BL13) and Zusanli (ST36) can be used as basic acupoints in COPD animal models. Different acupuncture types can regulate different types of inflammatory cytokines; meanwhile, different acupuncture types and acupoint options have similar effects on modulating the level of inflammatory cytokines. In particular, acupuncture exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the release of inflammatory cells, inflammasomes and inflammatory cytokines. The main underlying mechanism through which acupuncture improves inflammation in COPD is the modulation of relevant signalling pathways: nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) (e.g., myeloid differentiation primary response 88/NF-κB, toll-like receptor-4/NF-κB, silent information regulator transcript-1/NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathways (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, p38 and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase), cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, and dopamine D2 receptor pathway. The current synthesis will be beneficial for further research on the effect of acupuncture on COPD inflammation. Please cite this article as: Jiang LH, Li PJ, Wang YQ, Jiang ML, Han XY, Bao YD, Deng XL, Wu WB, Liu XD. Anti-inflammatory effects of acupuncture in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Integr Med. 2023; 21(6): 518-527., (Copyright © 2023 Shanghai Yueyang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT) is the major detoxification enzymes of phase II involved in xenobiotics metabolism, which potentially mediates the formation of insect resistance. Previous transcriptome sequencing studies have found that several UGT genes were upregulated in indoxacarb resistant strains of Spodoptera litura, but whether these UGT genes were involved in indoxacarb resistance and their functions in resistance were unclear. In this study, the UGTs inhibitor, 5-nitrouracil, enhanced the toxicity of indoxacarb against S. litura, preliminarily suggesting that UGTs were participated in indoxacarb resistance. Two UGT genes, UGT33J17 and UGT41D10 were upregulated in the resistant strains and could be induced by indoxacarb. Alignment of UGT protein sequences revealed two conserved donor-binding regions with several key residues that interact with catalytic sites and sugar donors. Further molecular modeling and docking analysis indicated that two UGT proteins were able to stably bind indoxacarb and N-decarbomethoxylated metabolite (DCJW). Furthermore, knockdown of UGT33J17 and UGT41D10 decreased viability of Spli-221 cells and enhanced susceptibility of larvae to indoxacarb. Transgenic overexpression of these genes reduced the toxicity of indoxacarb in Drosophila melanogaster. This work revealed that upregulation of UGT genes significantly contributes to indoxacarb resistance in S. litura, and is of great significance for the development of integrated and sustainable management strategies for resistant pests in the field., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare no competing financial interest., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disorder that primarily causes symmetrical polyarthritis and bone deformity. In RA patients, sight-threatening inflammatory eye complications would be expected., Objective: The objective of the study is to ascertain the macular retinal vessel density changes in RA patients and controls using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), and to investigate the association between disease and microvascular density alterations., Methods: A total of 12 RA patients (24 eyes) and 12 age- and gender-matched control participants (24 eyes) were recruited to the study. We used the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study partitioning, hemispheric quadrants and annular partitioning to segment each image into different subregions. The vascular density of superficial retina layer, deep retina layer and conjunctival capillary plexus was quantitatively measured by OCTA and compared with the control group. Correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between STMI and conjunctival capillaries densities., Results: In the superficial retinal layer, the vascular density of S, I, L, SL, SR, IL and C1-C5 were significantly decreased in the RA group compared with the control group (P<0.05). For the deep retinal layer, the vascular density of S, SL, SR, IL, C1, C2 and C4 also decreased in RA group. A significant positive correlation was indicated between conjunctival vascular and STMI densities (r = 0.713, P<0.05)., Conclusion: OCTA results suggest that RA patients present with a reduced macular retinal vascular density. These subtle alterations of ocular microcirculation may precede severe eye involvements and may be a potential biomarker for early distinguishing abnormal eyes from healthy eyes., (© 2023 The Author(s).)

Background: Ocular metastasis (OM) is a rare metastatic site of primary liver cancer (PLC). The purpose of this study was to establish a clinical predictive model of OM in PLC patients based on machine learning (ML)., Methods: We retrospectively collected the clinical data of 1540 PLC patients and divided it into a training set and an internal test set in a 7:3 proportion. PLC patients were divided into OM and non-ocular metastasis (NOM) groups, and univariate logistic regression analysis was performed between the two groups. The variables with univariate logistic analysis p < 0.05 were selected for the ML model. We constructed six ML models, which were internally verified by 10-fold cross-validation. The prediction performance of each ML model was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCs). We also constructed a web calculator based on the optimal performance ML model to personalize the risk probability for OM., Results: Six variables were selected for the ML model. The extreme gradient boost (XGB) ML model achieved the optimal differential diagnosis ability, with an area under the curve (AUC) = 0.993, accuracy = 0.992, sensitivity = 0.998, and specificity = 0.984. Based on these results, an online web calculator was constructed by using the XGB ML model to help clinicians diagnose and treat the risk probability of OM in PLC patients. Finally, the Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) library was used to obtain the six most important risk factors for OM in PLC patients: CA125, ALP, AFP, TG, CA199, and CEA., Conclusion: We used the XGB model to establish a risk prediction model of OM in PLC patients. The predictive model can help identify PLC patients with a high risk of OM, provide early and personalized diagnosis and treatment, reduce the poor prognosis of OM patients, and improve the quality of life of PLC patients., (© 2023 The Authors. Cancer Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Given that there is limited evidence concerning the psychometric properties of DASS-21 when applied to primary school students, the present study undertook a comprehensive exploration of the psychometric evidence supporting the use of the DASS-21 within this demographic. The research comprised three studies. In Study 1, the basic psychometric properties of internal consistency and construct validity were examined. A total of 3138 primary school students from three provinces in mainland China participated. The internal reliability of the overall scale was 0.93, and for all the subscales, it was higher than 0.80. Construct validity was partially supported. Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses upheld the factorial validity of the original three-factor structure. While convergent validity was established, the results showed unsatisfactory discriminant validity. The bifactor model showed that DASS-21 raw scores predominantly indicated the general factor, evidenced by the high explained common variance and omega-hierarchical values. However, the contributions from the three specific factors were minimal, with their omega hierarchical values all below 0.15. In Study 2, a longitudinal design was adopted, tracking 1366 primary school students from Southwest China over a three-month interval. The results further confirmed that the DASS-21 exhibited scalar time-invariance. The latent mean analysis showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the latent means of depression, anxiety, and stress between Time 1 and Time 2. In Study 3, which included 364 college students and 483 enterprise workers, the results demonstrated that the DASS-21 had measurement invariance across different populations. The latent mean analysis further confirmed that, in terms of the latent mean of all three subscales, both college students and enterprise workers had significantly higher scores than primary school students. Overall, the findings indicated that the DASS-21 is a suitable tool for screening schoolchildren for general psychological distress, but it is not suitable for discerning distinct negative mood state disorders., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Tire wear particles (TWPs) are increasingly being found in the aquatic environment. However, there is limited information available on the environmental consequences of TWP constituents that may be release into water. In this study, TWP leachate samples were obtained by immersing TWPs in ultrapure water. Using high-resolution mass spectrometry and toxicity identification, we identified potentially toxic organic substances in the TWP leachates. Additionally, we investigated their toxicity and underlying mechanisms. Through our established workflow, we structurally identified 13 substances using reference standards. The median effective concentration (EC 50 ) of TWP leachates on Scenedesmus obliquus growth was comparable to that of simulated TWP leachates prepared with consistent concentrations of the 13 identified substances, indicating their dominance in the toxicity of TWP leachates. Among these substances, cyclic amines (EC 50 : 1.04-3.65 mg/L) were found to be toxic to S. obliquus. We observed significant differential metabolites in TWP leachate-exposed S. obliquus, primarily associated with linoleic acid metabolism and purine metabolism. Oxidative stress was identified as a crucial factor in algal growth inhibition. Our findings shed light on the risk posed by TWP leachable substances to aquatic organisms., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Objective: To understand the epidemiological characteristics of mpox epidemic in Guangzhou and provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of the disease. Methods: Based on the mpox surveillance system in Guangzhou, suspected mpox cases with fever and rash were reported by local hospitals at all levels to centers for disease control and prevention in Guangzhou for sampling, investigation and diagnosis. Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the clinical characteristics and treatment of the mpox cases and positive detection rate reported in Guangzhou as of 24:00 on June 23. Whole genome sequencing of the virus isolates was performed using Illumina Miniseq high-throughput sequencing platform. Results: The first mpox case in Guangzhou was reported on June 10 in 2023. As of 24:00 on June 23, a total of 25 confirmed mpox cases were reported. All the mpox cases were men with a M ( Q 1 , Q 3 ) of 32 (26, 36) years, the majority of the cases were MSM (96.0%). The main clinical features were rash (100.0%, 25/25), lymphadenectasis (100.0%, 25/25) and fever (52.0%, 13/25). Rash usually occurred near the genitals (88.0%, 22/25). The close contacts, mainly family members (40.4%, 23/57), showed no similar symptoms, such as fever or rash. The positive rate of mpox virus in household environment samples was 30.5%. The analyses on 3 complete gene sequences of mpox virus indicated that the strains belonged to West African type Ⅱb clade, B.1.3 lineage. Conclusions: Hidden transmission of mpox virus had occurred in MSM in Guangzhou. However, the size of affected population is relatively limited, and the possibility of wide spread of the virus is low.

Background: In recognizing the need for a reliable and valid instrument to assess psychological distress among children and adolescents, the present study translated the newly developed Depression Anxiety Stress Scale for Youth (DASS-Y) into Chinese, while also comparing its psychometric properties with those of the well-established DASS-21 within a primary and middle school demographic., Methods: Utilizing a combination of convenience sampling and purposive sampling, a cohort comprising 1,507 primary and 1,131 middle school students was recruited. Rasch analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used in the data analysis., Results: Significant differences were observed between the DASS-Y and the DASS-21, notably within the anxiety subscale. The proportions of individuals with clinical mood disorders identified by the two scales demonstrated a significant disparity. Both scales, following an adjustment of responses, exhibited satisfactory internal consistency and convergent validity, with the acceptance of a three-factor structure. Furthermore, the DASS-Y showed superior discriminant validity relative to the DASS-21, providing more compelling evidence regarding concurrent validity., Conclusion: Overall, the Chinese version of the DASS-Y demonstrated superior robustness to the DASS-21 in terms of psychometric properties. The findings provide initial evidence for the psychometric properties of the DASS-Y from another culture., (© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.)

Background: Teachers in high-stress roles face increasing psychological distress such as anxiety and depression, underscoring the need for validated assessment instruments. Given the current absence of a comprehensive, designated, and time-efficient scale capable of evaluating depression, anxiety, and stress among the teacher population, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) presents itself as a promising alternative. Despite the widespread application of the DASS-21 for assessing psychological distress across various populations, its validity among teachers, along with questions about its factor structure and its potential property of time equivalence, remain unverified. This study endeavors to address these considerations by investigating the psychometric properties of the DASS-21 specifically within the population of Chinese primary and middle school teachers., Methods: Cross-sectional (n = 9,030) and longitudinal surveys (n = 1,642) were conducted using a non-probability sampling method. In addition to the DASS-21, the Chinese version of Chinese Teachers' Job Burnout Questionnaire (CTJBO) was utilized to evaluate the criterion validity of this scale. Three different approaches, namely confirmatory factor analysis, Rasch analysis, and network analysis, were employed to evaluate internal reliability, construct validity, as well as time invariance of the DASS-21., Results: The DASS-21 demonstrated a high degree of internal consistency (Cronbach's α > 0.85) as well as excellent convergent validity, despite poor discriminant validity as determined by average variance extracted. Confirmatory factor analysis and network analysis further supported convergent validity. The three-factor structure outperformed one- and two-factor alternatives, establishing time invariance. Rasch analysis at the item level identified six inappropriate items within the anxiety and stress subscales, which were subsequently removed. Network analysis presented a better revised network. Regression analysis with emotional exhaustion as the criterion provided logical and accurate results., Conclusion: The DASS-21 was found to be a reliable and valid tool for measuring the mental health of teachers over time. To assess the instrument's psychometric properties, a combination of confirmatory factor analysis, Rasch analysis, and network analysis was utilized, which proved effective and is recommended for evaluating contentious instruments. Based on the results of the study, researchers and healthcare professionals are recommended to use the DASS-21 for assessing teachers' psychological distress. However, certain items identified in the study may need to be removed to enhance the instrument's appropriateness for this specific population., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Purpose: To study the relationship between fundus alterations, including retinal thickness and microvascular changes, and dermatomyositis (DM) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA)., Methods: A total of 16 patients with DM (32 eyes) and 16 healthy controls (HCs; 32 eyes) participated in this study. Based on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study subzones, OCTA fundus data were divided into different layers and regions for comparison., Results: The full retinal thickness (RT) in the inner nasal (IN), outer nasal (ON), inner inferior (II), and outer inferior (OI) regions of patients with DM was significantly lower than that of HCs ( P < 0.001). The inner layer RT was also significantly lower in the IN, ON, II, and OI regions in patients with DM ( P < 0.001). The outer layer RT was lower only in the II region in patients with DM compared to HCs ( P < 0.001). The full RT of the II region was more sensitive to the pathological changes of disease since its ROC curve had an AUC of 0.9028, 95% CI: 0.8159-0.9898. Meanwhile, the superficial vessel density (SVD) of patients with DM was significantly lower in the IN, ON, II, and OI regions compared to HCs ( P < 0.001). The AUC for region II was 0.9634 (95% CI: 0.9034-1.0), which indicated good diagnostic sensitivity., Conclusion: Optical coherence tomography angiography can be used to evaluate relevant ocular lesions and monitor disease progression in patients with DM and interstitial lung disease., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Huang, Ling, Xu, Zou, Zang, Liao, Wei, Ying, Pei and Shao.)

Objective: To analyze the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients with small bowel tumors. Methods: This was a retrospective, observational study. We collected clinicopathological data of patients with primary jejunal or ileal tumors who had undergone small bowel resection in the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University between January 2012 and September 2017. The inclusion criteria included: (1) older than 18 years; (2) had undergone small bowel resection; (3) primary location at jejunum or ileum; (4) postoperative pathological examination confirmed malignancy or malignant potential; and (5) complete clinicopathological and follow-up data. Patients with a history of previous or other concomitant malignancies and those who had undergone exploratory laparotomy with biopsy but no resection were excluded. The clinicopathological characteristics and prognoses of included patients were analyzed. Results: The study cohort comprised 220 patients with small bowel tumors, 136 of which were classified as gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), 47 as adenocarcinomas, and 35 as lymphomas. The median follow-up for all patient was 81.0 months (75.9-86.1). GISTs frequently manifested as gastrointestinal bleeding (61.0%, 83/136) and abdominal pain (38.2%, 52/136). In the patients with GISTs, the rates of lymph node and distant metastasis were 0.7% (1/136) and 11.8% (16/136), respectively. The median follow-up time was 81.0 (75.9-86.1) months. The 3-year overall survival (OS) rate was 96.3%. Multivariate Cox regression-analysis results showed that distant metastasis was the only factor associated with OS of patients with GISTs (HR=23.639, 95% CI: 4.564-122.430, P <0.001). The main clinical manifestations of small bowel adenocarcinoma were abdominal pain (85.1%, 40/47), constipation/diarrhea (61.7%, 29/47), and weight loss (61.7%, 29/47). Rates of lymph node and distant metastasis in patients with small bowel adenocarcinoma were 53.2% (25/47) and 23.4% (11/47), respectively. The 3-year OS rate of patients with small bowel adenocarcinoma was 44.7%. Multivariate Cox regression-analysis results showed that distant metastasis (HR=4.018, 95%CI: 2.108-10.331, P <0.001) and adjuvant chemotherapy (HR=0.291, 95% CI: 0.140-0.609, P =0.001) were independently associated with OS of patients with small bowel adenocarcinoma. Small bowel lymphoma frequently manifested as abdominal pain (68.6%, 24/35) and constipation/diarrhea (31.4%, 11/35); 77.1% (27/35) of small bowel lymphomas were of B-cell origin. The 3-year OS rate of patients with small bowel lymphomas was 60.0%. T/NK cell lymphomas (HR= 6.598, 95% CI: 2.172-20.041, P <0.001) and adjuvant chemotherapy (HR=0.119, 95% CI: 0.015-0.925, P =0.042) were independently associated with OS of patients with small bowel lymphoma. Small bowel GISTs have a better prognosis than small intestinal adenocarcinomas ( P <0.001) or lymphomas ( P <0.001), and small bowel lymphomas have a better prognosis than small bowel adenocarcinomas ( P =0.035). Conclusions: The clinical manifestations of small intestinal tumor are non-specific. Small bowel GISTs are relatively indolent and have a good prognosis, whereas adenocarcinomas and lymphomas (especially T/NK-cell lymphomas) are highly malignant and have a poor prognosis. Adjuvant chemotherapy would likely improve the prognosis of patients with small bowel adenocarcinomas or lymphomas.

Background: Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) is a rare autoimmune disease, and despite our knowledge of SjS, we still lack effective treatments. Chloroquine drugs used to treat autoimmune diseases are still the primary medicine for SjS but increase the risk of chloroquine retinopathy., Objectives: The objective of this study is to use Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) images to monitor the microvascular changes in the fundus of SjS patients after hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) treatment and the feasibility of using them as diagnostic indicators., Design: This is a retrospective observational cohort study., Methods: Twelve healthy controls (HCs group; 24 eyes), 12 SjS patients (SjS group; 24 eyes), and 12 SjS patients treated with HCQ (HCQ group; 24 eyes) were recruited. Three-dimensional OCTA images of the retina were collected, and microvascular density was calculated for each eye. OCTA image segmentation for analysis was conducted using the central wheel division method (C1-C6), hemisphere segmentation method (SR, SL, IL, and IR), and the early treatment of diabetic retinopathy study method (ETDRS) (R, S, L, and I)., Results: Retinal microvascular density was significantly lower in the SjS patients compared to the HCs group ( p  < 0.05) and much lower in the HCQ group compared to the SjS patients ( p  < 0.05). The SjS and HCQ groups differed in the I, R, SR, IL, and IR regions in the superficial and deep retina and the S region in the superficial retina. The ROC curves of the relationship between the HCs and SjS groups and between the SjS and HCQ groups demonstrated good classification accuracy., Conclusion: HCQ may contribute significantly to the microvascular alteration in SjS. Microvascular alteration is a potential marker with adjunctive diagnostic value. The MIR and the OCTA images of I, IR, and C1 regions showed high accuracy in minoring the alteration., Competing Interests: The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s), 2023.)

Background: Previous studies have indicated that pain-related diseases can result in significant functional alterations in the brain. However, differences in spontaneous brain activity in toothache (TA) patients remain unclear., Objective: To investigate altered spontaneous brain activity in patients with TA and its underlying mechanisms using the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging-fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (rsfMRI-fALFF) technique., Methods: Twelve patients with TA and 12 non-toothache controls (NTCs) (matched for sex, age, and level of education) were enrolled. Spontaneous cerebral activity variations were investigated using the rsfMRI-fALFF technique in all individuals. The mean fALFF values of the TA patients and NTCs were classified using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The correlations between fALFF signals of distinct brain regions and clinical manifestations of TA patients were evaluated using Pearson's correlation analysis., Results: TA patients showed lower fALFF values in the left superior frontal gyrus, medial; right superior frontal gyrus, dorsolateral; and left median cingulate and paracingulate gyri (LDCG) than the NTCs. Moreover, ROC curve analysis indicated that the area under the curve of each cerebral region studied had high accuracy. Besides, in the TA group, the visual analog scale score was negatively correlated with fALFF signal values of the LDCG (r = .962, p < .001)., Conclusion: Abnormal spontaneous activity was detected in numerous brain regions in patients with TA, which may be valuable for understanding the brain processing mechanism underlying TA. These regional changes in brain activity may serve as effective clinical indicators of TA., (© 2023 The Authors. Brain and Behavior published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Background: Medical image processing tasks represented by multi-object segmentation are of great significance for surgical planning, robot-assisted surgery, and surgical safety. However, the exceptionally low contrast among tissues and limited available annotated data makes developing an automatic segmentation algorithm for pelvic CT challenging., Methods: A bi-direction constrained dual-task consistency model named PICT is proposed to improve segmentation quality by leveraging free unlabeled data. First, to learn more unmarked data features, it encourages the model prediction of the interpolated image to be consistent with the interpolation of the model prediction at the pixel, model, and data levels. Moreover, to constrain the error prediction of interpolation interference, PICT designs an auxiliary pseudo-supervision task that focuses on the underlying information of non-interpolation data. Finally, an effective loss algorithm for both consistency tasks is designed to ensure the complementary manner and produce more reliable predictions., Results: Quantitative experiments show that the proposed PICT achieves 87.18%, 96.42%, and 79.41% mean DSC score on ACDC, CTPelvic1k, and the individual Multi-tissue Pelvis dataset with gains of around 0.8%, 0.5%, and 1% compared to the state-of-the-art semi-supervised method. Compared to the baseline supervised method, the PICT brings over 3-9% improvements., Conclusions: The developed PICT model can effectively leverage unlabeled data to improve segmentation quality of low contrast medical images. The segmentation result could improve the precision of surgical path planning and provide input for robot-assisted surgery.

LN dissection is essential for accurately staging and improving GC patient prognosis. However, the compliance rate for No. 12a LND in practice is low, and its necessity is controversial. Data from GC patients who underwent total gastrectomy (TG)/distal gastrectomy (DG) plus D2 lymphadenectomy between January 2000 and December 2017 at West China Hospital, Sichuan University were reviewed. No. 12a LND noncompliance's effect on the long-term prognosis of patients with GC after D2 gastrectomy was explored. Of the 2788 patients included, No. 12a LND noncompliance occurred in 1753 patients (62.9%). Among 1035 patients with assessable LNs from station 12a, 98 (9.5%) had positive LNs detected at station 12a. No. 12a LN metastasis patients (stage IV not included) had significantly better overall survival (OS) than TNM stage IV patients ( p = 0.006). Patients with No. 12a LND compliance had a significantly higher OS than those without, both before ( p < 0.001) and after ( p < 0.001) PSM. Cox multivariate analysis confirmed that No. 12a LND noncompliance was an independent prognostic factor before (HR 1.323, 95% CI 1.171-1.496, p < 0.001) and after (HR 1.353, 95% CI 1.173-1.560, p < 0.001) PSM. In conclusion, noncompliance with No. 12a LND compromised the long-term survival of patients who underwent D2 gastrectomy for GC.

Hg 2+ in the environment endangers human health, and a convenient monitoring method is needed for the detection of Hg 2+ . In this study, we constructed a dual colorimetric near-infrared fluorescent probe (E)-2-(3-(3-(1,3-dithian-2-yl)-4-hydroxystyryl)-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-ylidene)malononitrile (YF-Hg), based on the malononitrile isophorone. YF-Hg can detect Hg 2+ rapidly and sensitively, with fluorescence emission in the near-infrared region (659 nm) with an obvious color change from violet to red in the visible light range. In addition, the low toxicity and large Stokes shift (191 nm) of YF-Hg also suggest that it is a potential tool for live-cell fluorescence imaging., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Mycovirus-infected fungi can suffer from poor growth, attenuated pigmentation, and virulence. However, the molecular mechanisms of how mycoviruses confer these symptoms remain poorly understood. Here, we report a mycovirus Stemphylium lycopersici alternavirus 1 (SlAV1) isolated from a necrotrophic plant pathogen Stemphylium lycopersici that causes altered colony pigmentation and hypovirulence by specifically interfering host biosynthesis of Altersolanol A, a polyketide phytotoxin. SlAV1 significantly down-regulates a fungal polyketide synthase ( PKS1 ), the core enzyme of Altersolanol A biosynthesis. PKS1 deletion mutants do not accumulate Altersolanol A and lose pathogenicity to tomato and lettuce. Transgenic expression of SlAV1 open-reading frame 3 (ORF3) in S. lycopersici inhibits fungal PKS1 expression and Altersolanol A accumulation, leading to symptoms like SlAV1-infected fungal strains. Multiple plant species sprayed with mycelial suspension of S. lycopersici or S. vesicarium strains integrating and expressing ORF3 display enhanced resistance against virulent strains, converting the pathogenic fungi into biocontrol agents. Hence, our study not only proves inhibiting a key enzyme of host phytotoxin biosynthesis as a molecular mechanism underlying SlAV1-mediated hypovirulence of Stemphylium spp., but also demonstrates the potential of mycovirus-gene integrated fungi as a potential biocontrol agent to protect plants from fungal diseases.

Anthracnose is a disease caused by Colletotrichum species. They are well known as major plant pathogens, and a black stem disease, specifically caused by Colletotrichum truncatum and primarily infecting sword bean ( Canavalia gladiata ), was observed in the Yunnan province, China. To aid disease management and to determine pathogenic characteristics, the species causing the leaf spot disease of hairy vetch was verified as C. truncatum . A sequence analysis of the ITS, ACT, GAPDH, and HIS3 genes was conducted, as well as morphological and cultural characteristics, to identify this Colletotrichum species, which has curved conidia. C. truncatum isolates from sword bean formed a distinctive group among Colletotrichum species, including those that infect other forage and field crops. Artificially inoculated sword bean seedlings showed typical symptoms of anthracnose, which were similar to field observations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of C. truncatum causing black stem disease on sword beans in China.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are noncoding transcripts that are more than 200 nucleotides long. They play essential roles in regulating a variety of biological processes in many species, including insects, and some lncRNAs have been found to be associated with insecticide resistance. However, the characteristics and biological functions of lncRNAs involved in indoxacarb resistance are unknown in Spodoptera litura. We performed RNA sequencing in the SS, InRS, and FInRS of S. litura and identified 11 978 lncRNAs, including 3 136 intergenic lncRNAs, 7 393 intronic lncRNAs, and 1 449 anti-sense lncRNAs. Compared with the SS, 51 lncRNAs were upregulated and 134 lncRNAs were downregulated in the two resistant strains, and 908 differentially expressed mRNAs were predicted as the target genes of the 185 differentially expressed lncRNAs. Further analysis showed that 112 of differentially expressed lncRNAs may be associated with indoxacarb resistance by regulating the expression of 14 P450s, seven CCEs, one GST, six UGTs, five ABC transporters, and 24 cuticle protein genes, and 79 of differentially expressed lncRNAs may regulate the expression of 14 detoxification genes and 19 cuticle protein genes to participate in indoxacarb resistance by sponging 10 microRNAs. Interestingly, 47 of differentially expressed lncRNAs may mediate indoxacarb resistance through both lncRNA-mRNA and lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory pathways. Furthermore, quantitative PCR, RNA interference, and indoxacarb bioassay analyses indicated that overexpressed LNC&#95;004867 and LNC&#95;006576 were involved in indoxacarb resistance. This study provides comprehensive information for lncRNAs of S. litura, and presents evidence that lncRNAs have key roles in conferring insecticide resistance in S. litura., (© 2022 Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.)

Background: The central venous-to-arterial carbon dioxide difference (Pcv-aCO 2 ) is a biomarker for tissue perfusion, but the diagnostic value of Pcv-aCO 2 in bacteria bloodstream infections (BSI) caused by gram-negative (GN) bacteria remains unclear. This study evaluated the expression levels and diagnostic value of Pcv-aCO 2 and procalcitonin (PCT) in the early stages of GN bacteria BSI., Methods: Patients with BSI admitted to the intensive care unit at Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital between August 2014 and August 2017 were enrolled. Pcv-aCO 2 and PCT levels were evaluated in GN and gram-positive (GP) bacteria BSI patients., Results: A total of 132 patients with BSI were enrolled. The Pcv-aCO 2 (8.32 ± 3.59 vs 4.35 ± 2.24 mmHg p = 0.001) and PCT (30.62 ± 34.51 vs 4.92 ± 6.13 ng/ml p = 0.001) levels were significantly higher in the GN group than in the GP group. In the diagnosis of GN bacteria BSI, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for Pcv-aCO 2 was 0.823 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.746-0.900). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were 71.90%, 88.00%, 74.07% and 78.21%, respectively. The AUROC for PCT was 0.818 (95% CI: 0.745-0.890). The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were 57.90%, 94.67%, 71.93% and 74.67%, respectively., Conclusions: Pcv-aCO 2 and PCT have similar and high diagnostic value for the early diagnosis of BSI caused by GN bacteria., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright © 2022 Southern Society for Clinical Investigation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

By rational altering the structure of CN auxiliary ligand, Near-infrared (NIR) phosphorescent cyclometalated platinum (II) and iridium (III) complexes with metformin (Met) have been successfully obtained and characterized. The dissociation of Met in aqueous solution can be accelerated by addition of Glutathione (GSH) and alleviated by drop of histidine, accompanied with a significant decay change of deep red phosphorescence. Besides, Pt3 and Ir1 with moiety of btpq mainly selectively targeted and located in Mitochondrial, while Pt1 of ppy and Pt2 with thpy mainly accumulated in endoplasmic reticulum. Moreover, Pt1-3 and Ir1 with metformin moiety all exert a significant enhanced anticancer activity, among them, Pt3 displays ca.66-fold, ca.147-fold and ca.588-fold higher cytotoxicity than cisplatin, Met-free analogue Pt3a and Met. Their relative anticancer mechanism was further investigated, both Pt2 and Pt3 could form covalent interaction with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and effectively induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, arrest of cell cycle, loss of Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), display effective anti-metastasis activity and eventually induce apoptosis of cancer cell., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest There are no conflicts to declare., (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Inc.)