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Purpose – This paper aim at providing decision support for operational adjustment. In order to effectively reduce the external interference impact on train operation. Design/methodology/approach – According to the reality that there are two kinds of high-speed trains running in China, considering the reality that there are two speed level train running in Chinese high-speed railway, this paper proposed the high-speed railway operation adjustment model based on priority, and the objective function is to minimize interference impact on train operation. Findings – Adjustment strategy based on priority than based on sequence can effectively reduce the interference influence on train operation, which makes the train resume the planned operation back on schedule more quickly. Research limitations/implications – The solution of large-scale cases is too slow, and the practical application is limited. Originality/value – The model was verified by a case, and the case results proved that adjustment strategy based on priority than based on sequence can effectively reduce the interference influence on train operation, which makes the train resume the planned operation back on schedule more quickly.

This paper discusses how to improve the accuracy of navigation for home service robot based on the deep learning and machine learning. First, the crawling programing is applied to collect enough images of fridge and washing machine on the web; a deep learning framework is proposed that can distinguish fridge and washing machine more accurately. Following, the data come from the robot operating system topics are collected and cleaned, the linear regression, decision tree, and linear SVR algorithms are applied and compared to predict the power consumption of the robot, and a conclusion is obtained that liner movement will consume more power, which provides a reference for the path planning of the robot. Lastly, the conclusions are proposed that a novel methodology is applied to distinguish different home appliances, which is useful for the accurate navigation of the robot; the liner movement will consume more power compared to turning left or right, which supplies a reference for the optimized path planning for the robot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: The discovery of Kahne glycosylation forwards a big step in the carbohydrate chemistry. Despite an extensive series of studies, the precise mechanism of this powerful glycosylation is still not fully understood. To address these 30‐year puzzles, the far side of Kahne glycosylation is explored in this study. After a series of control and tracking experiments, a number of important intermediates including glycosyl oxo‐sulfonium ion and sulfenic anhydride (Crich's intermediate) are suggested to be responsible for the complex reaction pathway. It also reveals that in addition to the conventional ionic glycosylation pathway, a novel free radical pathway is very likely to contribute to the various side‐and co‐products. This study provides further understanding of Kahne glycosylation, and it also sheds light on how to improve the efficiency of sulfoxide‐based glycosylation reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ion channel formed by the homologous proteins MEC-4 and MEC-10 forms the core of a sensory mechanotransduction channel in Caenorhabditis elegans. Although the products of other mec genes are key players in the biophysics of transduction, the mechanism by which they contribute to the properties of the channel is unknown. Here, we investigate the role of two auxiliary channel subunits, MEC-2 (stomatin-like) and MEC-6 (paraoxonase-like), by coexpressing them with constitutively active MEC-4/MEC-10 heteromeric channels in Xenopus oocytes. This work extends prior work demonstrating that MEC-2 and MEC-6 synergistically increase macroscopic current. We use single-channel recordings and biochemistry to show that these auxiliary subunits alter function by increasing the number of channels in an active state rather than by dramatically affecting either single-channel properties or surface expression. We also use two-electrode voltage clamp and outside-out macropatch recording to examine the effects of divalent cations and proteases, known regulators of channel family members. Finally, we examine the role of cholesterol binding in the mechanism of MEC-2 action by measuring whole-cell and single-channel currents in MEC-2 mutants deficient in cholesterol binding. We suggest that MEC-2 and MEC-6 play essential roles in modulating both the local membrane environment of MEC-4/MEC-10 channels and the availability of such channels to be gated by force in vivo.

MEC-4 and MEC-10 are the pore-forming subunits of the sensory mechanotransduction complex that mediates touch sensation in Caenorhabditis elegans (O'Hagan, R., M. Chalfie, and M.B. Goodman. 2005. Nat. Neurosci. 8:43-50). They are members of a large family of ion channel proteins, collectively termed DEG/ENaCs, which are expressed in epithelial cells and neurons. In Xenopus oocytes, MEC-4 can assemble into homomeric channels and coassemble with MEC-10 into heteromeric channels (Goodman, M.B., G.G. Ernstrom, D.S. Chelur, R. O'Hagan, C.A. Yao, and M. Chalfie. 2002. Nature. 415:1039-1042). To gain insight into the structure-function principles that govern gating and drug block, we analyzed the effect of gain-of-function mutations using a combination of two-electrode voltage clamp, single-channel recording, and outside-out macropatches. We found that mutation of A713, the d or degeneration position, to residues larger than cysteine increased macroscopic current, open probability, and open times in homomeric channels, suggesting that bulky residues at this position stabilize open states. Wild-type MEC-10 partially suppressed the effect of such mutations on macroscopic current, suggesting that subunit-subunit interactions regulate open probability. Additional support for this idea is derived from an analysis of macroscopic currents carried by single-mutant and double-mutant heteromeric channels. We also examined blockade by the diuretic amiloride and two related compounds. We found that mutation of A713 to threonine, glycine, or aspartate decreased the affinity of homomeric channels for amiloride. Unlike the increase in open probability, this effect was not related to size of the amino acid side chain, indicating that mutation at this site alters antagonist binding by an independent mechanism. Finally, we present evidence that amiloride block is diffusion limited in DEG/ENaC channels, suggesting that variations in amiloride affinity result from variations in binding energy as opposed to accessibility. We conclude that the d position is part of a key region in the channel functionally and structurally, possibly representing the beginning of a pore-forming domain.

Main observation and conclusion: Based on the redox reactions of Togni‐II reagent and thiols, a thiol‐tuned selective functionalization of unactivated olefins was disclosed. In combination with aryl thiols, stoichiometric amount of Togni‐II reagent prompted a hydrotrifluoromethylation of alkenes, in which, aryl thiols played as reductant and hydrogen source; while by utilization of alkyl thiols, catalytic amount of Togni‐II reagent initiated thiol‐ene and thiol‐yne reactions. The reported applications are characterized by their operational simplicity and wide functional group tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Main observation and conclusion: Based on the redox reactions of Togni‐II reagent and thiols, a thiol‐tuned selective functionalization of unactivated olefins was disclosed. In combination with aryl thiols, stoichiometric amount of Togni‐II reagent prompted a hydrotrifluoromethylation of alkenes, in which, aryl thiols played as reductant and hydrogen source; while by utilization of alkyl thiols, catalytic amount of Togni‐II reagent initiated thiol‐ene and thiol‐yne reactions. The reported applications are characterized by their operational simplicity and wide functional group tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]