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Anthocyanins are water-soluble flavonoid pigments that play a crucial role in plant growth and metabolism. They serve as attractants for animals by providing plants with red, blue, and purple pigments, facilitating pollination and seed dispersal. The fruits of solanaceous plants, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and eggplant (Solanum melongena), primarily accumulate anthocyanins in the fruit peels, while the ripe fruits of Atropa belladonna (Ab) have a dark purple flesh due to anthocyanin accumulation. In this study, an R2R3-MYB transcription factor (TF), AbMYB1, was identified through association analysis of gene expression and anthocyanin accumulation in different tissues of A. belladonna. Its role in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis was investigated through gene overexpression and RNA interference (RNAi). Overexpression of AbMYB1 significantly enhanced the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes, such as AbF3H, AbF3′5′H, AbDFR, AbANS, and Ab3GT, leading to increased anthocyanin production. Conversely, RNAi-mediated suppression of AbMYB1 resulted in decreased expression of most anthocyanin biosynthesis genes, as well as reduced anthocyanin contents in A. belladonna. Overall, AbMYB1 was identified as a fruit-expressed R2R3-MYB TF that positively regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis in A. belladonna. This study provides valuable insights into the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in Solanaceae plants, laying the foundation for understanding anthocyanin accumulation especially in the whole fruits of solanaceous plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herpetotriol, a typical lignan in Herpetospermum pedunculosum Wall's seeds that has long been used to treat icterhepatitis and indigestion and other related diseases in Tibet, is of potential hepatoprotection. This study aims to study the pharmacokinetics features of herpetotriol, including the blood drug concentration--time curve and tissue distribution. The ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method was established to detect herpetotriol concentration in plasma and tissues, and the method showed good linearity from 10 to 2000 ng/mL (r [greater than or equal to] 0.9972) and sensitivity ([greater than or equal to] 10 ng/mL). Our blood drug concentration--time curve indicated that herpetotriol was distributed quickly in rats with a [T.sub.max] value at about 0.083 h and eliminated rapidly with a clearance rate at 98.13 [+ or -] 8.05 and 137.04 [+ or -] 9.48 L * [h.sup.-1] * [kg.sup.-1] with doses of 5 and 2.5 mg/kg, respectively. Although herpetotriol was detectable in all tested tissues, it has a higher concentration in liver than in heart, lung, spleen, and kidney, which is in line with its hepatoprotection. The pharmacokinetics features uncovered by the present study could provide more information for future pharmacological and toxicological study of herpetotriol. Key words: herpetotriol, Herpetospermum pedunculosum, ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, hepatoprotection, lignan. L'herpetotriol, un lignane typique des graines d'Herpetospermum pedunculosum Wall longtemps utilisees au Tibet dans le traitement de l'hepatite icterique et l'indigestion, ainsi que d'autres maladies associees, aurait un effet hepatoprotecteur. Les presents travaux visent a etudier les caracteristiques pharmacocinetiques de l'herpetotriol, y compris la courbe de la concentration sanguine du medicament en fonction du temps et la distribution tissulaire. Nous avons mis au point une methode de chromatographie liquide a ultra haute performance avec spectrometrie de masse en tandem afin d'etablir les concentrations d'herpetotriol dans le plasma et les tissus. Cette methode a montre une bonne linearite entre 10 et 2000 ng/mL (r [greater than or equal to] 0,9972) avec une bonne sensibilite ([greater than or equal to] 10 ng/mL). Notre courbe de la concentration du medicament dans le sang en fonction du temps a montre que, chez le rat, l'herpetotriol se distribuait rapidement avec des valeurs de [T.sub.max] d'environ 0,083 h et s'eliminait rapidement avec des vitesses de clairance de 98,13 [+ or -] 8,05 et de 137,04 [+ or -] 9,48 L * [h.sup.-1] * [kg.sup.-1] pour des doses de 5 et de 2,5 mg/kg, respectivement. Meme si l'herpetotriol etait decelable dans tous les tissus etudies, sa concentration etait plus elevee dans le foie que dans le creur, les poumons, la rate et les reins, ce qui est compatible avec des effets d'hepatoprotection. Les caracteristiques pharmacocinetiques mises au jour dans la presente etude pourraient fournir plus de renseignements en vue de futures etudes pharmacologiques et toxicologiques portant sur l'herpetotriol. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: herpetotriol, Herpetospermum pedunculosum, chromatographie liquide a ultra haute performance avec spectrometrie de masse en tandem, pharmacocinetique, distribution tissulaire, hepatoprotection, lignane., Introduction Plants of Herpetospermum pedunculosum, also known as 'Se-Ji-Mei-Duo', are mainly distributed in the Tibetan Plateau of China, Nepal, and the northeast of India at elevations of 2300-3500 m (Dentsen [...]