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Under the influence of global climate change, the climatic conditions of China's major agricultural regions have changed significantly over the last half-century, affecting regional grain production levels. With its favorable conditions for agricultural activities, China's central region has been a strategic location for grain production since ancient times and has assumed an essential responsibility for maintaining national grain security. However, the key concerns of this study are whether the national grain security pattern is stable and whether it might be affected by global climate change (especially climate instability and increased risks in recent years). Therefore, the present study collected grain production data and used descriptive statistical and geospatial analyses to reveal the trend and spatiotemporal pattern of grain production in China's central region from 2010 to 2020. Then, a further analysis was conducted by combining meteorological data with a geographically weighted regression (GWR) model to investigate the relationship between spatial differences in the output per unit of the grain sown area (OPUGSA). The findings were as follows: (1) The overall development trend of grain production in China's central region from 2010 to 2020 revealed a positive overall trend in grain production, with notable differences in growth rates between northern and southern provinces. (2) Most regions in the southern part of the central region from 2015 to 2020 showed varying degrees of total output of grain (TOG) and OPUGSA reduction, possibly affected by the effects of the anomalies for global climate change and a strong El Niño effect in 2015. (3) Low-low (L-L) clusters of TOG and OPUGSA indicators were consistently in the northwest part (Shanxi) of the central region, and high-high (H-H) clusters of TOG were consistently in the central part (Henan and Anhui) of the central region, but H-H clusters of OPUGSA were not stably distributed. (4) The fitting results of the GWR model showed a better fit compared to the ordinary least squares (OLS) model; it was found that the annual average temperature (AAT) had the greatest impact on OPUGSA, followed by annual sunshine hours (ASH) and annual precipitation (AP) last. The spatiotemporal analysis identified distinct clusters of productivity indicators. It suggested an expanding range of climate impact possibilities, particularly in exploring climate-resilient models of grain production, emphasizing the need for targeted adaptation strategies to bolster resilience and ensure agricultural security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The morphologies of two novel ciliates, Arcanisutura chongmingensis n. gen., n. sp. and Naxella paralucida n. sp., collected from Shanghai, China, have been investigated using live observation and silver staining methods. Arcanisutura n. gen. can be easily distinguished from related genera by its inconspicuous, oblique anterior suture. Arcanisutura chongmingensis n. sp. is mainly recognized by its elongated body with a tail‐like posterior end, 25–33 somatic kineties, and 4–11 excretory pores. Naxella paralucida n. sp. can be distinguished from its congeners based on its two short nassulid organelles, fusiform trichocysts, 37–49 somatic kineties, and 16 nematodesmal rods. The small‐subunit (SSU) rRNA gene sequences of these two species are presented, revealing the phylogenetic positions of Arcanisutura and Naxella. Phylogenetic analyses show that Arcanisutura forms a sister clade to other synhymeniid genera, namely, Chilodontopsis, Orthodonella, and Zosterodasys; Naxella is most closely related to Nassula spp. and is located within the monophyletic clade of the family Nassulidae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cerebrovascular intervention is an excellent option to treat cerebrovascular diseases. Interventional access is a prerequisite and a foundation for cerebrovascular intervention, which is crucial to the success of an intervention. Although transfemoral arterial access (TFA) has become a popular and acceptable method of access for cerebrovascular angiography and intervention in clinical practice, it has some drawbacks that limit the usage in cerebrovascular interventions. Therefore, transcarotid arterial access (TCA) has been developed in cerebrovascular interventions. We aim to conduct a systematic review to compare the safety and efficacy of TCA with TFA for cerebrovascular intervention., Methods and Analysis: In this protocol, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols were followed. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials will be searched mainly from 1 January 2004, to the formal search date. Additionally, reference lists and clinical trial registries will be searched. We will include clinical trials with more than 30 participants, which reported the endpoints of stroke, death and myocardial infarction. Two investigators will independently select studies, extract data and assess bias risk. A standardised mean difference with 95% CI will be presented for continuous data, and a risk ratio with 95% CI will be presented for dichotomous data. On inclusion of sufficient studies, subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis will be conducted. The funnel plot and Egger's test will be used to assess publication bias., Ethics and Dissemination: As only published sources will be used in this review, ethical approval is not required. We will publish the results in a peer-reviewed journal., Prospero Registration Number: CRD42022316468., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)