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For nonautonomous linear difference equations, we introduce the notion of the so-called nonuniform dichotomy spectrum and prove a spectral theorem. As an application of the spectral theorem, we prove a reducibility result.

[Objective] The effects of temperatures and additives on anther culture of pepper were testified to provide reference for anther culture of pepper. [Method] Za 6, Xinxiang 8 and 2011-4 cultivars of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) were pretreated at 4 °C and 35 °C to induce anther embryoid and callus. The effects of different additives on anther embry-oid and callus induction were analyzed. [Result] 4 °C low-temperature pretreatment on 3 genotypes pepper of flower buds had no effect on embryoid and callus induction. 35 °C high-temperature pretreatment for 7-8 d could increase the rate of induction substantially. MS basal medium added with 0.5 mg/L NAA+0.5 mg/L KT+1.0% AC was optimal to induce anther callus and embryoid. [Conclusion] MS media added with 0.5 mg/L NAA+0.5 mg/L KT+1.0% AC and 35 °C high-temper-ature pretreatment for 7-8 d could increase the rate of induction substantially, and the embryo can be further transfered to regenerated plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]