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Based on the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equation and the extended McMillan’s Green’s function formalism, we study theoretically the Josephson effect between two dwave superconductors bridged by a ballistic two-dimensional electron gas with both Rashba spin-orbit coupling and Zeeman splitting. We show that due to the interplay of Rashba spin-orbit coupling and Zeeman splitting and d-wave pairing, the currentphase relation in such a heterostructure may exhibit a series of novel features and can change significantly as some relevant parameters are tuned. In particular, anomalous Josephson current may occur at zero phase bias under various different situations if both time reversal symmetry and inversion symmetry of the system are simultaneously broken, which can be realized by tuning some relevant parameters of the system, including the relative orientations and the strengths of the Zeeman field and the spin-orbit field in the bridge region, the relative orientations of the a-axes in two superconductor leads, or the relative orientations between the Zeeman field in the bridge region and the a-axes in the superconductor leads. We show that both the magnitude and the direction of the anomalous Josephson current may depend sensitively on these relevant parameters.

Optical properties of a new two-dimensional (2D) Dirac carbon material Phagraphene have been investigated by first-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT). We have studied the complex dielectric function, absorption spectrum and reflection spectrum of Phagraphene under different polarizations. Our results show that optical properties of this 2D Dirac carbon material show strong anisotropy under different polarized light. Phagraphene has a high real part of static dielectric function, which indicates that the material has considerable carrier mobility and conductivity and is expected to have a wide application in the next generation new nanoelectronic devices. In addition, Phagraphene has a wide-frequency optical response in the range from zero frequency to ultraviolet, showing its promising prospect of being applied in optoelectronic devices.

We study theoretically Josephson effect in a planar ballistic junction between two triplet superconductors with p-wave orbital symmetries and separated by a two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor channel with strong Rashba spin–orbit coupling. In triplet superconductors, three types of orbital symmetries are considered. We use Bogoliubov–de Gennes formalism to describe quasiparticle propagations through the junction and the supercurrents are calculated in terms of Andreev reflection coefficients. The features of the variation of the supercurrents with the change of the strength of Rashba spin–orbit coupling are investigated in some detail. It is found that for the three types of orbital symmetries considered, both the magnitudes of supercurrent and the current-phase relations can be manipulated effectively by tuning the strength of Rashba spin–orbit coupling. The interplay of Rashba spin–orbit coupling and Zeeman magnetic field on supercurrent is also investigated in some detail.

Thymol has been developed as medicine and food preservative due to its immune-regulatory effect and antimicrobial activity, respectively. However, little is currently known about the role of thymol in the modulation of plant physiology. In the present study, we applied biochemical and histochemical approaches to investigate thymol-induced tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa) seedlings against Cd (cadmium) stress. Thymol at 20 μM recovered root growth completely upon CdCl2 exposure. Thymol pronouncedly decreased Cd-induced ROS accumulation, oxidative injury, cell death, and Cd2+ accumulation in roots. Pharmaceutical experiments suggested that endogenous NO mediated Cd-induced phytotoxicity. Thymol decreased Cd-induced NO accumulation by suppressing the activity of NOS (nitric oxide synthase) and NR (nitrate reductase) in root. The application of NO donor (SNP, sodium nitroprusside) resulted in the increase in endogenous NO level, which in turn compromised the alleviating effects of thymol on Cd toxicity. Such ...

In this study, the treatment of pistachio nuts by Bacillus subtilis UTBSP1, a promising isolate to degrade aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), caused to reduce the growth of Aspergillus flavus R5 and AFB1 content on pistachio nuts. Fluorescence probes revealed that the cell free supernatant fluid from UTBSP1 affects spore viability considerably. Using high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method, 10 fractions were separated and collected from methanol extract of cell free supernatant fluid. Two fractions showed inhibition zones against A. flavus. Mass spectrometric analysis of the both antifungal fractions revealed a high similarity between these anti-A. flavus compounds and cyclic-lipopeptides of surfactin, and fengycin families. Coproduction of surfactin and fengycin acted in a synergistic manner and consequently caused a strong antifungal activity against A. flavus R5. There was a positive significant correlation between the reduction of A. flavus growth and the reduction of AFB1 contamination on pistachio nut by UTBSP1. The results indicated that fengycin and surfactin-producing B. subtilis UTBSP1 can potentially reduce A. flavus growth and AFB1 content in pistachio nut.

Aspergillus flavus is a notorious foodborne fungus, posing a significant risk to humans in the form of hepatocellular carcinoma or aspergillosis. Thymol, as a food preservative, could efficiently kill conidia of A. flavus. However, the underlying mechanisms by which thymol kills A. flavus are not completely understood. With specific fluorescent dyes, we detected several apoptotic hallmarks, including chromatin condensation, phosphatidylserine externalization, DNA damage, mitochondrial depolarization, and caspase 9 activation in conidia exposed to 200 μg/mL of thymol, indicating that thymol induced a caspase-dependent conidial apoptosis in A. flavus. Chemical-protein interactome (CPI) and autodock analyses showed that KCNAB, homologue to the β-subunit of the voltage-gated potassium channel (Kv) and aldo-keto reductase, was the potential target of thymol. Following studies demonstrated that thymol could activate the aldo-keto reductase activity of KCNAB in vitro and stimulate a transient K

We provide a general transport theory for spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) through a doped topological insulator (TI) surface. It is found that different from the conventional magnetic substrate, the tunneling conductance through the tip-TI surface acquires an extra component determined by the in-plane spin texture, exclusively associated with the spin momentum locking. Importantly, this extra conductance unconventionally depends on the spatial azimuthal angle of the magnetized STM tip. By introducing a magnetic impurity to break the symmetry of rotation and local time reversal of the TI surface, we find that the measurement of the spatial resolved conductance can reconstruct the helical structure of spin texture, from which the spin-momentum locking angle can be extracted if the in-plane magnetization is induced purely by the spin-orbit coupling of surface Dirac electrons. Our theory offers an alternative way, differing from existing in-plane-current polarization probed in a multi-terminal setup or angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy, to electrically identify the helical spin texture on TI surfaces.

We have investigated the transport properties of the Dirac fermions through a ferromagnetic barrier junction on the surface of a strong topological insulator. The current-voltage characteristic curve and the tunneling conductance are calculated theoretically. Two interesting transport features are predicted: observable negative differential conductances and linear conductances tunable from unit to nearly zero. These features can be magnetically manipulated simply by changing the spacial orientation of the magnetization. Our results may contribute to the development of high-speed switching and functional applications or electrically controlled magnetization switching.

Proteinase inhibitors (PIs) play an important role in plant responses to biotic and environmental stimuli, but little is known about the role of PIs in mediating plant immune responses to microbial infection. In this study, a gene named proteinase inhibitor I4 (MtPiI4) was isolated from Medicago truncatula and characterized as a serpin family gene with a typically conserved DUF716 domain. MtPiI4 was differentially expressed in seed, root, leaf, stem and flower tissues. Expression of MtPiI4 was induced by inoculation with a typical bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 strain (Pst DC3000). It was also up-regulated by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment. To identify its function in regulating plant immunity against Pst DC3000, we constructed transgenic Arabidopsis plants over-expressing MtPiI4. Compared to wild type, 35S::MtPiI4 plants showed enhanced resistance to Pst DC3000. Expression of JA biosynthetic and responsive genes such as LOX2, PDF1.2, and VSP1 was depressed in 35S::MtPiI4 plants as compared to wild type, suggesting that the JA signaling response was attenuated in 35S::MtPiI4 plants upon Pst DC3000 exposure. Furthermore, over-expression of MtPiI4 led to up-regulation of NPR1 (nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related gene 1—a negative regulator of JA signaling) and down-regulation of MAPK4 (mitogen-activated protein kinase4—a positive regulator of JA signaling). These results indicate that MtPiI4 regulation of plant resistance to Pst DC3000 is involved in the JA signaling transduction pathway.

We investigate the thermoelectric effect on a topological insulator surface with particular interest in impurity-induced resonant states. To clarify the role of the resonant states, we calculate the dc and ac conductivities and the thermoelectric coefficients along the longitudinal direction within the full Born approximation. It is found that at low temperatures, the impurity resonant state with strong energy de-pendence can lead to a zero-energy peak in the dc conductivity, whose height is sensitively dependent on the strength of scattering potential, and even can reverse the sign of the thermopower, implying the switching from n- to p-type carriers. Also, we exhibit the thermoelectric signatures for the filling process of a magnetic band gap by the resonant state. We further study the impurity effect on the dynamic optical conductivity, and find that the resonant state also generates an optical conductivity peak at the absorption edge for the interband transition. These results provide new perspectives for understanding the doping effect on topological insulator materials.

Single-particle sequential tunneling is studied through a negative-U center hybridized with a superconducting, a ferromagnetic, and a normal metal electrodes. In stark contrast to the case of positive U, the single-particle tunneling in attractive charging energy is usually prohibited by ground states with electrons in pairs. We find a microscopic mechanism to induce single-particle sates from pair states. As a consequence, in the nonpolarized metal terminal a remarkable pure spin current with no charge currents survives over a wide range of gate- and bias-voltages, which is rather crucial for experimental observation and design of spintronic devices. In addition, a significant spin-filter effect is presented in certain bias regime.

A numerical simulation for heat exchanger with continuous helical baffles was carried out. The study focuses on the effects of helix angle on heat transfer characteristics. The results show that both the shell-side heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop decrease with the increase of the helix angle at certain mass flow rate. The latter decreases more quickly than the former. The tangential velocity distribution on shell-side cross section is more uniform with continuous helical baffles than with segmental baffles. The axial velocity at certain radial position decreases as the helix angle increases in the inner region near the central dummy tube, whereas it increases as the helix angle increases in the outer region near the shell. The heat exchange quantity distribution in tubes at different radial positions is more uniform at larger helix angel.

Nonequilibrium electronic transports through a double-QD-Majorana coupling system are studied with a purpose to extract the information to identify Majorana bound states (MBSs). It is found that MBSs can help form various transport processes, including the nonlocal crossed Andreev reflection, local resonant Andreev reflection, and cotunneling, depending on the relative position of two dot levels. These processes enrich the signature of average currents and noise correlations to probe the nature of MBSs. We further demonstrate the switching between the current peaks of crossed Andreev reflection and cotunneling, which is closely related to the nonlocal nature of Majorana fermions. We also propose effective physical pictures to understand these Majorana-assisted transports.

We study theoretically the effect of weak external magnetic fields on persistent spin helix states in semiconductor two-dimensional electron gases with both Rashba and linear-in-momentum Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling. We show that in the presence of weak external magnetic fields, some basic properties of a persistent spin helix state, including the dispersion relation between the decay time and the magnitude of the wavevector, the maximum decay time and the value of the characteristic magnitude of the wavevector at which the maximum decay time occurs, will all depend sensitively on the directions of applied external magnetic fields.

We consider the effects of interface bound states on the electrical shot noise in tunnel junctions formed between normal metals and one-dimensional (1D) or two-dimensional (2D) Rashba semiconductors with proximity-induced s-wave pairing potential. We investigate how the shot noise properties vary as the interface bound state is evolved from a non-zero energy bound state to a zero-energy bound state. We show that in both 1D and 2D tunnel junctions, the ratio of the noise power to the charge current in the vicinity of zero bias voltage may be enhanced significantly due to the induction of the midgap interface bound state. But as the interface bound state evolves from a non-zero energy bound state to a zero-energy bound state, this ratio tends to vanish completely at zero bias voltage in 1D tunnel junctions, while in 2D tunnel junctions it decreases smoothly to the usual classical Schottky value for the normal state. Some other important aspects of the shot noise properties in such tunnel junctions are also clarified.

Linear motor direct drive with the advantages of simple structure, fast dynamic response, high precision, high speed, big acceleration, small noise and vibration, is the ideal transmission for all kinds of ultra-high speed and precision machine tool. This paper introduces the working principle and performance features of linear motors, and elaborates on the key technology problems and the solution countermeasures of seven aspects including the efficiency and the power factor, the cooling measure, the normal magnetic attraction, the servo-control, magnetism isolation and the protection, the gravity acceleration and the supply voltage of the linear motor.

China is a big agricultural country, which had many kinds of biomass resources. Biomass energy belongs to clean energy, it was available to achieve zero co2 emissions and substitute fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas to be an important energy. Through the transformation of 35t/h coal-fired CFB boiler, which based on material and circulated carrier, burning biological energy, changed boiler from consuming one-time energy to the regenerative energy, which saved coal and prevented waste from directly emitting into the atmosphere to pollute the environment. It would save energy and increase the local farmers additional income by sell stem, which followed the trend of the national development strategy. The test data show that: this transformation of boiler is very successful, indicate that we can transform some original polluted boiler which consume coal to some degree and provide some experimental methods for these transformations.

Interfering noise of power line is one of the important factors which affects the quality of power line communication (PLC). Its frequency spectrum has the character of the 1/f process and the great autocorrelation. The wavelet analysis is an important signal-processing tool. Selecting suitable wavelet analysis can turn non-white noise to white noise, followed by wiener filtering, we can achieve the purpose of denoising. This paper introduces a denoising method of combining wavelet analysis with wiener filtering. Experiment proves this method has a strong feasibility and practical value.

In view of the advantages of slotting modification processing and the difficulties in the design and manufacture of Modification Slotting Cutter, development for CAD / CAM system of modification slotting cutter’s design and manufacture for high-speed and heavy-loading gear has the following features:Firstly, the adaptive design of modification slotting cutter is implemented based on different modification target.Secondly,the precise design of modification slotting cutter is implemented by automatic regulating its section line position based on simulation results of the evaluation of the modification. Thirdly, the automatic regulation for fixture system and wire cutting process parameters of modification slotting cutter is implemented based on prediction model of slotting cutter’s pressure angle error, thereby reducing the design and manufacturing difficulty and to improve the precision as well as self-adaptability for modification slotting cutter.

In our country, the training target and cultivation mode of mechanical engineering in universities seems to akin to each other. Besides that, undergraduate students have their own limitations in knowledge, cognitive performance and thinking model. Aiming at that fact, we have set up “an educational mode of multi-level cooperation to personalized cultivate mechanical engineers’ innovation quality” and implemented that effectively through a long time of research and exploration. Furthermore, we have gradually formed a comparative impeccable personalized educational mode in the aspects of training target, talents training scheme, course system, educational mode, teaching evaluation and then constructed a smooth personalized cultivation and management mechanism, personalized training level and teaching contents focusing on the whole progress of education, flexible teaching method and advanced teaching means, a high quality teaching team with composite construction, showing a unique individualized teaching style and personalized teaching quality. We have achieved obvious teaching benefits, educational benefits and social benefits on comprehensively prompting quality-oriented education, especially on the cultivation of ability of innovating, learning and practicing. All these efforts to improve the cultivation quality of innovative talents major in mechanical engineering at universities have been widely recognized by our society.

A new energy-saving method of variable frequency and constant pressure water supply system based on fuzzy control theory and software control technique is presented in this paper. Firstly, collecting the pipe network pressure periodically through the pressure sensor, the differential pressure signal will be sent into fuzzy controller after comparing the pipe network pressure with the set pressure. Then send a precise control quantity into the PID regulator to control output frequency of the frequency converter after a series of fuzzy arithmetic and solution of fuzzy arithmetic, so as to achieve the purpose of pump speed and consumed power controlling. The operating principle of variable frequency and constant pressure water supply system and the design procedures of software programming are elaborated. Practical application shows that the variable frequency and constant pressure water supply system based on fuzzy control has good effect on energy saving and obvious economic benefits and is worth popularizing and applying.

To effectively avoid the loss of useful information, in this paper, we extract feature information from the fault signal of rotating machinery in different aspects such as amplitude-domain, time-domain and time-frequency domain. Then for the multi-dimensional feature extraction is prone to the problem of “dimension disaster”, introduce the principles of FDR in data mining to determine the classification ability of each individual feature, and introduce the cross correlation coefficient to solve the problem that dealing with individual feature neglects the interrelationship between the features, and construct a new feature level data fusion algorithm. Finally, According to the characteristics of the HMM (Hidden Markov model), SVM (Support Vector Machine) and its hybrid model, we construct a new decision-level data fusion model.

Control of aflatoxin contamination has been a worldwide problem. Laminarin from Laminaria digitata is one kind of polysaccharides with multiple biological activities. In this paper, the inhibitory effects of Laminarin on the growth and toxin production of A. flavus was studied. The results indicated that 150 and 200 µg/mL of Laminarin ccould significantly inhibit the aflatoxin production in Sabouraud liquid medium (Sab), without affecting mycelium growth. In addition, the results also showed that certain concentration Laminaria could decrease the infection of peanut seeds by A. flavus as well as the contamination by aflatoxin B1.

The automatic and intellectualized reconstruction is the important way to improve and expand the traditional instrumental function. The surface roughness is an important indicator of effecting parts and products performance. On the basis of using precision measurement technology, electronic technology and computer technology synthetically, the principle and method of the automatic and intellectualized reconstruction of JB-3C Type Surface Roughness Measuring Instrument is mainly introduced, which is to reconstruct the hardware circuit and develop function in view of the flaws that the data processing speed of the traditional instruments is slow and they can not print the curve very abundant and even that operating steps are complicated and other shortcomings. And we adopt Matlab and VC++ mix programming to gather, process, demonstrate, analyze and compute data, which has high applicability and performance price ratio.

The mung bean is popular in the Orient for use in cakes and soups and as bean sprouts. In our research, it was found that aromatic flavor could be generated when the mung bean soup was acidified to pH 1.5 close to the acidic value of stomach. GC-MS analysis was performed to identify these molecules associated with aromatic flavor. The results showed molecules including 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-1, 1, 6-trimethyl-Naphthalene and 2-ethyl-N-(2 ethylhexyl)-1- Hexanamine were merely produced by acidified mung bean soup, which could probably involve in the generation of aromatic flavor. In addition, studies also showed that volatile molecules from acidified mung bean soup could keep the DA level in the Drosophila brain stable under starvation stress.

According to the requirements of dynamic design for high-speed and heavy-loading marine gear, in view of slotting processing advantages, modification profile slotting cutter used to achieve modify high-speed and heavy-loading marine gear, and the modification profile of slotting cutter designed to the profile which consists of multiple segments of different profile shape profile angle, the modification profile angles of slotting cutter corresponding sections of involutes deduced using the profile angle error analysis theory, modification profile of slotting cutter precision designed based on engagement principle of slotting gear.

Slotting process used to achieve modify heavy-loading mine gear.According to the pitch circle radius of gear tooth profile modification is difficult to accurately draw, reverse-designed the profile of the modification slotting cutter fold may occur on the cusp, generating simulation for slotting profile modification is implemented using MATLAB based on engagement theory of slotting process,which can test whether the pitch circle is set to reasonable, to avoid resulting the top or root of conjugate gear’s profiles be cut,achieved the adaptive design of profile modification slotting cutter.

The extraction of pectin from pomelo peel was optimized to maximize pectin yield Y in this study. A central composite design of response surface methodology involving extracting time, extracting temperature, liquid-solid ratio and pH was used, and second-order model for Y was employed to generate the response surfaces. The optimum condition for Y was determined as follows: extracting time 1h, extracting temperature 95 °C, liquid-solid ratio 25, pH 1. Under the optimum condition, the pectin yield was 20.98%.

The development status of profile modification technology and slotting process are described, the paper proposed slotting profile modification process, in view of the advantages of slotting processing. The modification curve of modification gear is fitted in the form of multi-segment involutes by resembling the principle of tooth profile modification on the grinding machine by using generating principles and changing the pressure angle, the formula of modification pressure angles of slotting cutter corresponding sections of involutes deduced,the modification profile of slotting cutter is designed.

According to the traditional tooth profile, modification process cannot meet the traction gear’s technical requirements of the high-speed locomotive. A new way for the tooth profile modification technology was provided in the paper. The slotting profile modification process was proposed, the formulating methods of the tooth profile modification K diagram was introduced, modification curve fit as the sections of involutes, the modification profile angles of slotting cutter corresponding sections of involutes was deduced using the profile angle error analysis theory and the tooth profile of modification slotting cutter precision was designed. The feasibility and advantages of modification slotting cutter were validated by examples, which indicates the widely use of this technology in high-speed locomotive traction gear.

Relative to gear shaping and gear hob, using gear slotting produces herringbone gear which is used in nuclear power turbine speed redactor has more obvious technical and economic benefits, but profile angle error of slotting cutter causes profile error and base pitch deviation of herringbone gear. It will result in high-frequency noise which damages the tactical and technical performance of warship. By analyzed the wire cutting system of rack cutter used in MAAG type gear machining for herringbone gear, the mathematical model of error prediction for rack cutter profile angle was founded. On the base of model of error prediction, the principle of error control and the method of revision control are presented. Finally, the example of prediction and control is provided.

In recent years, Microcystis bloom occurs frequently and causes a wide range of social, environmental, and economic problems. In this study, dose-dependent inhibitory effect of cinnamaldehyde on the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa was investigated. It was found that cinnamaldehyde with the concentration more than 0.6 mM showed algicide activity against M. aeruginosa. When M. aeruginosa was exposed to 0.6 mM cinnamaldehyde, considerable reactive oxygen species (ROS) were generated followed by lipid peroxidation and decrease in the content of both chlorophyll a and soluble protein. Although superoxide dismutase had made response to the stress caused by cinnamaldehyde, activity increasing after a time of lag could not prevent the lysis of M. aeruginosa cells. Interestingly, the addition of antioxidants glutathione and l-ascorbic acid (Vc) could prevent the lysis of M. aeruginosa cells. All the results suggested that cinnamaldehyde induced the death of M. aeruginosa cells via inducing ROS burst. Further understanding of the mechanism of cinnamaldehyde-induced M. aeruginosa cell death would contribute to the control of cyanobacteria pollution.

We study the phonon-assisted Fano interference of the linear conductance spectrum by taking into account the interdot-phonon exchange in a T-shaped double quantum dot (QD), where a central QD is coupled to a side QD and two nonmagnetic or ferromagnetic electrodes. Unlike the usual Fano interference between different elastic channels, this new-type Fano interference is shown to arise from electron waves tunneling coherently through phonon-assisted bonding and antibonding states. The inelastic Fano effect, characterized by a significant resonance and a zero-value antiresonance of conductances due to destructive quantum interference, is strongly dependent on the interdot coupling and interdot electron–phonon interactions (EPI) strength. We also examine that the introduction of ferromagnetic leads does not destroy either the elastic Fano interference or the inelastic one but richens their lineshapes.

Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) was investigated in a field that had received long-term fixed fertilization (LFF) for 26 years. There were a total of 12 treatments in triplicates with different amounts of manure, urea, calcium phosphate, and potassium chloride. Rhizosphere soil samples of maize and wheat grown in the experimental field in Shandong Province, China, were collected in September 2003 and May 2004, respectively. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spores were isolated and identified using morphological characters. Mycorrhizal colonization percentage, spore density (SD), species richness (SR), relative abundance (RA), and Shannon-Weiner index (SWI) were determined. Nineteen recognized species of AMF belonging to 5 genera were identified. Long-term fixed fertilization significantly influenced colonization percentage, SR, SD, and species diversity of AMF. The adaptability of AMF to soil fertility was different among species. Species richness and SD of AMF in maize and wheat rhizosphere soils were the highest in the nonfertilization treatment (control) and lowest in the high manure + high nitrogen treatment (M2N2). The SWI decreased as the fertilization level increased except in the low manure treatment (M1) on maize. Compared with the other treatments, Treatment M2N2 significantly reduced SD of Glomus, and the high manure + low nitrogen treatment (M2N1) significantly retarded sporulation of Scutellospora. Manure treatments stimulated sporulation of Glomus mosseae. Spore density of G. mosseae was higher in the high nitrogen + phosphorus + potassium treatment (N2PK) than in the high nitrogen + phosphorus treatment (N2P) and the high nitrogen + potassium treatment (N2K). The SD of S. pellucida was higher in Treatment N2K than Treatments N2PK and N2P. In conclusion, long-term fixed fertilization, especially with high levels of manure and N, decreased SR, SD, and colonization and changed the species composition of AMF.

Sludge from cyanobacteria-salvaged yard in Meiliang Bay, Lake Taihu in Wuxi, China was cultured and acclimated by inoculating microcystins (MCs) extract. Strain J10 was isolated by degrading the MC-RR and MC-LR and was identified as Methylobacillus sp. Further research showed that both MC-LR and MC-RR could be completely degraded at 17h after inoculation of J10, and the degradation probably was mediated by oxygen. Different enzymes, oxygen-dependent as well as oxygen-independent, with MC-degrading activity were found in the different fractions of J10 culture. However, the enzymes mainly responsible for MC degradation by J10 were oxygen-dependent and were probably bound to cell wall or outside the cytoplasmic membrane.

In this Letter an alternative mechanism is proposed for current-induced antisymmetric lateral edge spin accumulations in thin strips of ballistic two-dimensional electron gases with intrinsic spin–orbit coupling. In this mechanism, the occurrence of current-induced antisymmetric lateral edge spin accumulations in a semiconductor strip is not due to a transverse spin current but originates from the combined action of the spin–orbit coupling, the boundary confinement on both lateral edges of the strip, and the time-reversal symmetry-breaking caused by the longitudinal charge current circulating through the strip. The results obtained in this Letter indicate that, the occurrence of current-induced antisymmetric lateral edge spin accumulations in a thin strip of a spin–orbit coupled two-dimensional electronic system does not need to be associated necessarily with a transverse spin current in principle.

The cell-free culture filtrate (CCF) was prepared from a culture of an Aspergillus flavus antagonist, Bacillus subtilis B-FS06. The CCF inhibited the growth and spore germination of A. flavus at a series of concentrations (10, 25, 50%) (v/v). It still retained the activity after treatment at pH values ranging from 2 to 12 for 24 h or at 100 °C for 30 min. The antifungal activity, however, was reduced by 30% after treatment at 121 °C for 20 min. After purification by anion exchange chromatography, gel filtration chromatography and HPLC, the active compounds revealed six ion peaks: [M–H] m/z = 1006.78, 1020.71, 1034.74, 1049.54, 1056.78, and 1071.64 by using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis. In the presence of the active compounds at 200 μg/g, the growth of A. flavus on peanuts was completely inhibited.

We propose a unified semiclassical description for the kinetic magnetoelectric effect in both k-linear and k-cubic two-dimensional Rashba model in the thermodynamic limit, which takes into account the effects of both spin coherence and spin dephasing by a closed set of Boltzman-like kinetic equations. Based on this unified description, we show that in contrary to the case found in the studies of intrinsic spin Hall effect in such systems, in the linear response regime the kinetic magnetoelectric effect would vanish for the k-cubic Rashba model in the thermodynamic limit but be robust for the k-linear Rashba model in the thermodynamic limit.

Based on the three-dimensional effective Luttinger Hamiltonian and the exact Heisenberg equations of motion and within a self-consistent semiclassical approximation, we present a theoretical investigation on the nontrivial ac spin responses due to the intrinsic spin–orbit coupling of holes in p -doped bulk semiconductors. We show that the nontrivial ac spin responses induced by the combined action of an ac external electric field and the intrinsic spin–orbit coupling of holes may lead to the generation of a nonvanishing ac spin Hall current in a p -doped bulk semiconductor, which shares some similarities with the dissipationless dc spin Hall current conceived previously and also exhibits some interesting new features that was not found before.

Based on a self-consistent semiclassical approach, in this Letter we try to contribute to the basic physical understanding of some controversial issues about the intrinsic spin Hall effect in a Rashba two-dimensional electron gas. We show that for a Rashba two-dimensional electron gas in the diffusive transport thermodynamic limit, there exist some simple but much clear physical reasons which explain naturally why the intrinsic spin Hall effect in such a system cannot survive in the dc limit. The physical pictures established in this Letter resolve some puzzles existed in some previous theoretical treatments about this extraordinary effect.

By solving the Bogoliubov–de Gennes equation, the influence of the interplay of Rashba spin–orbit coupling, induced superconducting pair potential, and external magnetic field on the spin-polarized coherent charge transport in ferromagnet/semiconductor nanowire/ferromagnet double barrier junctions is investigated based on the Blonder–Tinkham–Klapwijk theory. The coherence effect is characterized by the strong oscillations of the charge conductance as a function of the bias voltage or the thickness of the semiconductor nanowire, resulting from the quantum interference of incoming and outgoing quasiparticles in the nanowire. Such oscillations can be effectively modulated by varying the strength of the Rashba spin–orbit coupling, the thickness of the nanowire, or the strength of the external magnetic field. It is also shown that two different types of zero-bias conductance peaks may occur under some particular conditions, which have some different characteristics and may be due to different mechanisms.