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Cadmium (Cd) is an element with high toxicity to living organisms, and its accumulation in rice grains poses a threat to human health. In this study, we report a novel nickel-transport family protein, OsNTP1, that is involved in Cd transport from root to shoot. Heterologous expression of OsNTP1 in yeast enhanced Ni and Cd tolerance. In rice, the transporter OsNTP1 is localized at the chloroplast and the expression of OsNTP1 was rapidly induced by Cd treatment. Under Cd²⁺ treatment, the Cd content in the shoots of OsNTP1-RNAi lines was significantly increased. Notably, knockdown of OsNTP1 significantly reduces Cd accumulation in the grains, highlighting its critical role in minimizing Cd contamination in edible parts of the plant. In addition, knockout or knockdown OsNTP1 also increased sensitivity to sucrose. Sucrose treatment led to more starch particles at the OsNTP1-RNAi shoot base, and exogenous sucrose can alleviate the inhibitory effects of Cd stress on sugar metabolism and starch synthesis in OsNTP1-RNAi lines. The present study provides a new genetic resource for breeding low-Cd grains and exploring the response mechanisms of sugar metabolism to Cd stress., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest All authors have read and approved the manuscript. No part of this manuscript has been published or submitted elsewhere. No conflict of interest exists in the submission of this manuscript. Consent is given for publication in Journal of Hazardous Materials, if accepted., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Direct seawater electrolysis greatly alleviates the shortage of freshwater resources, emerging as a promising approach for hydrogen production. Unfortunately, the slow kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the complex seawater environment, especially the chloride oxidation reaction (ClOR), pose significant challenges for the design of direct seawater electrolysis catalysts. For the sake of enhancing corrosion resistance to chloride ions (Cl - ), an alkaline environment is settled for increasing the potential difference between OER and competitive ClOR. NiFe-LDH has been recognized as a benchmark catalyst in alkaline environment owing to its unique advantages. However, in strongly alkaline environment, the deposition of Mg(OH) 2 and Ca(OH) 2 at the cathode limits the overall efficiency of direct seawater electrolysis. In this study, we have investigated the underlying effect of four different interlayer anions (PO 4 3- , SO 4 2- , CO 3 2- , and NO 3 - ) on the OER activity, selectivity, and pH application range of NiFe-LDH using density functional theory. Furthermore, we have explored the intrinsic correlations between electronic structure and catalytic performance. Our results confirm that the interlayer anions play a favorable role in promoting OER activity. Among them, NiFe-LDH with PO 4 3- remarkably outperforms the other interlayer anions in terms of OER activity and selectivity, reducing the OER overpotential (η) to 0.29 V and overcoming the limitations associated with high pH conditions. Most importantly, there is a linear relationship between η and the charge transferred from the interlayer anion to the catalyst surface (ΔQ tot ), implying that the interlayer anions are able to regulate the catalytic activity through essential charge transfer. This study provides theoretical insights into the design and development of advanced OER catalysts that can simultaneously suppress ClOR for direct seawater electrolysis., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: In the intensive care unit (ICU), invasive aspergillosis (IA) has a poor prognosis. Some studies report a positive association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and IA in critically ill patients, but the relationship between DM and IA in the ICU remains controversial. We aimed to clarify the relationship between DM and IA among patients in the ICU in a systematic review and meta-analysis., Methods: We retrieved all reports published in PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library databases before July 12, 2023. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to evaluate the relationship between DM and IA. Subgroup analyses were conducted to further analyze sources of heterogeneity. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the Cochran's Q test and I 2 statistic. Additionally, we evaluated publication bias using funnel plots, Egger's test, and Begg's test. Finally, sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate the robustness of the results., Results: Twenty studies with 6155 participants were included in this meta-analysis. We found a positive association between DM and IA among patients in the ICU (OR = 1.18, 95% CI:1.01 to 1.39; p = 0.04). The heterogeneity was not significant (I² = 5%; p = 0.39) and publication bias was not significant (Egger's test: p = 0.654; Begg's test: p = 0.417). The results of sensitivity analysis supported a stable association between DM and IA. Subgroup analysis indicated that patients' comorbidities might be a potential source of heterogeneity. Additionally, patients with DM had a significantly higher risk of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) than those without DM (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.15 to 1.70; p < 0.001). The heterogeneity was not significant (I² = 0%; p = 0.91). In the subgroup with influenza, the OR of the relationship between DM and IA was 0.81 (95% CI: 0.54, 1.23; p = 0.32; heterogeneity: p = 0.36; I² = 8%)., Conclusions: Patients with DM in the ICU showed a higher risk of developing IA than patients in the ICU without DM. DM was a significant risk factor for IA, with the highest risk observed in critically ill patients diagnosed with CAPA., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Cor pulmonale, a condition marked by right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, is frequently associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and significantly worsens COPD prognosis. Despite its clinical relevance, the development of effective treatments is hindered by the lack of animal models that accurately replicate the complex interplay between COPD and cor pulmonale. This study introduces a novel rat model combining cigarette smoke (CS) exposure with left pulmonary artery ligation (LPAL) to better mimic the pathophysiological features of COPD-cor pulmonale. Pulmonary function tests revealed impaired lung function, and histological assessments indicated emphysematous changes and inflammatory infiltration, consistent with COPD pathology. Furthermore, the model exhibited hallmarks of cor pulmonale, including right ventricular hypertrophy, fibrosis, and capillary rarefaction, alongside hemodynamic alterations indicative of pulmonary hypertension. This study's findings underscore the potential of the LPAL+CS rat model to advance understanding of COPD-cor pulmonale pathophysiology and facilitate the development of targeted therapeutics., (Copyright © 2025. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Background: The protein cereblon (CRBN) mediates the antileukemia effect of lenalidomide (Len). Len binds to CRBN, recruits IKZF1/IKZF3, and promotes their ubiquitination and degradation, through which Len exhibits its antileukemia and antimyeloma activity. Therefore, the protein level of CRBN might affect the antiproliferative effect of Len. In this study, we explored the interactome for CRBN using proximity labeling technique TurboID and quantitative proteomics, and then investigated the antileukemia effect of Len., Methods: The primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells and AML cell lines were used to explore the functions of histone demethylase KDM5C on the antileukemia effect of Len. The cell viability and CRBN protein levels were evaluated in these cell lines. In addition, the KDM5C inhibitors were used to determine the effects of KDM5C enzymatic activity on the viability of AML cell lines., Results: We identified that histone demethylase KDM5C was a CRBN-interacting protein. Biochemical experiments found that the CRBN-interacting protein KDM5C could stabilize CRBN and enhance the antileukemia effect of Len in an enzyme activity-independent manner. Furthermore, our studies revealed that the small-molecule compound MLN4924 could increase CRBN by elevating KDM5C.The combination of MLN4924 and Len can further increase the sensitivity of primary AML cells and AML cell lines to Len., Conclusions: This study provides a possible strategy for a combination treatment with MLN4924 and Len for leukemia., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: The bone marrow sample from patient was acquired in compliance with the Helsinki Declaration and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University (Approval No: SUDA20240522H04, date 1 November 2024). Competing interests: The authors declare that there are no competing of interest related to the contents of this article., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Mucosal antigen-specific T cells are pivotal for pathogen clearance and immune modulation in respiratory infections. Dysregulated T cell responses exacerbate coronavirus disease 2019 severity, marked by cytokine storms and respiratory failure. Despite extensive description in peripheral blood, the characteristics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific T cells in the lungs remain elusive. Here we conducted integrated single-cell profiling of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in 122 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and 280 blood samples from 159 patients, including 27 paired BALF and blood samples from 24 patients. SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells were robustly elicited in BALF irrespective of prior vaccination, correlating with diminished viral loads, lessened systemic inflammation and improved respiratory function. SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in BALF exhibited profound activation, along with proliferative and multi-cytokine-producing capabilities and a glycolysis-driven metabolic signature, which were distinct from those observed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. After viral clearance, these specific T cells maintained a polyfunctional tissue-resident memory phenotype, highlighting their critical roles in infection control and long-term protection., Competing Interests: Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Electrolysis of seawater for hydrogen (H 2 ) production to harvest clean energy is an appealing approach. In this context, there is an urgent need for catalysts with high activity and durability. RuO 2 electrocatalysts have shown efficient activity in the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER and OER), but they still suffer from poor stability. Herein, surface S-doped nanostructured RuO 2 (S-RuO 2 ) is rationally fabricated for efficient overall seawater splitting. Doping with S enhances the activity (overpotentials of 25 mV for the HER and 243 mV for the OER), long-term durability (1000 h at 100 mA cm -2 ), and achieves nearly 100% Faraday efficiency (FE). Moreover, the S-RuO 2 -based anion exchange membrane seawater electrolyzer requires 2.01 V to reach 1.0 A cm -2 under demanding industrial conditions. Experimental analysis and theoretical calculations indicate that surface S introduction could lower the valence state of Ru, thereby conferring enhanced activity and stability. Furthermore, the nanostructured S-RuO 2 electrocatalyst is highly protected by the S-doped surface, which repels Cl - in alkaline seawater. This investigation presents a feasible strategy for designing RuO 2 -based seawater splitting catalysts with both high performance and good resistance to anodic corrosion.

The extracellular matrix (ECM) stores signaling molecules and facilitates mechanical and biochemical signaling in cells. However, the influence of biomimetic "rejuvenation" ECM structures on aging- and degeneration-related cellular activities and tissue repair is not well understood. We combined physical extrusion and precise "on-off" alternating cross-linking methods to create anisotropic biomaterial microgels (MicroRod and MicroSphere) and explored how they regulate the cell activities of the nucleus pulposus (NP) and their potential antidegenerative effects on intervertebral discs. NP cells exhibited aligned growth along the surface of the MicroRod, enhanced proliferation, and reduced apoptosis. This suggests an adaptive cellular response involving adhesion and mechanosensing, which causes cytoskeletal extension via environmental cues. NP cells maintain nuclear membrane integrity through the YAP/TAZ pathway, which activates the cGAS-STING pathway to rectify the aging mechanisms. In vivo, MicroRod carries NP cells and reduces inflammatory factor and protease secretion in degenerated intervertebral discs, inhibiting degeneration and promoting NP tissue regeneration. Our findings highlight the role of mechanical stress in maintaining cellular activity and antiaging effects in harsh environments, providing a foundation for further research and development of antidegenerative biomaterials.

Objectives: To investigate the clinical and laboratory features of Sjögren's syndrome-associated autoimmune liver disease (SS-ALD) patients and identify potential risk and prognostic factors., Methods: SS patients with or without ALD, who visited Tongji Hospital between the years 2011 and 2021 and met the 2012 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria for Sjögren's syndrome, were retrospectively enrolled. The clinical and laboratory data of the enrolled patients, including autoimmune antibodies, were collected and analyzed with principal component analysis, correlation analysis, LASSO regression, and Cox regression., Results: A total of 117 SS-ALD patients were confirmed out of 568 SS patients. Compared to SS-non-ALD patients (n = 451), SS-ALD patients exhibited more severe involvement of the hepatic and hematologic systems, albeit with less pronounced typical SS symptoms. Disease activity was higher in SS-ALD patients, as indicated by elevated ESR, CRP, and IL-6 levels, particularly in the SS-overlap subgroup. Furthermore, SS-AIH patients without AIH-specific autoantibody testing or with negative testing results had higher AST and ALT levels than those who were autoantibody-positive. Our predictive model, incorporating IgG, IgM, AST, GGT, ALT, and C4, effectively identified ALD complications in SS patients, achieving an AUC of 0.924. Additionally, a grimmer prognosis was associated with higher baseline AST and ALT levels., Conclusions: SS-ALD patients often manifest with an insidious onset and atypical SS symptoms, yet frequently exhibit severe systemic involvement, intense inflammatory and immune responses, and a poor prognosis. To improve the clinical outcomes in SS-ALD patients, regular monitoring, early identification, and active treatment should be applied. Key Points • The study provided a detailed profile of clinical and laboratory features of SS-ALD and SS-non-ALD patients, contributing to a predictive model of ALD complications in SS patients • SS-ALD patients manifested with an insidious onset but exhibited severe systemic involvement, robust inflammatory and immune responses, and poor prognosis • SS-AIH patients without available testing for AIH-specific autoantibodies or with negative results demonstrated worse liver function, thus routine screening for autoimmune liver antibodies is recommended in SS patients • More severe baseline liver function status was associated with poorer therapeutic responses to routine medications, so early detection and timely intervention are essential for SS patients., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval: This study was conducted according to the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethics Committee of Tongji Hospital (Wuhan, China) (TJ-IRB20230427). Disclosures: None. Patient and public involvement: Patients and/or the public were not involved in the design, conduct, reporting, or dissemination plans of this research., (© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR).)

The brain, as a vital part of central nervous system, receives approximately 25% of body's blood supply, making accurate monitoring of cerebral blood flow essential. While fNIRS is widely used for measuring brain physiology, complex tissue structure affects light intensity, spot size, and detection accuracy. Many studies rely on simulations with limited experimental validation. In this study, we used real adult skulls and agar to create a mimic model, building a transmission optical system with 13 wavelength filters and varying agar thicknesses. Peak intensity of transmitted light and size of scattered spot were measured at different wavelengths, and transmittance, total attenuation coefficient, and spot diameter enlargement of cranial mimics at different wavelengths were obtained. Results showed wavelengths below 550 nm struggled to penetrate the skull, while those above 700 nm penetrated deeper and diffused more. This suggests that short wavelengths capture epidermal PPG signals, whereas longer wavelengths detect both epidermal and intracranial signals., (© 2025 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

This study delves into integrating single-atom catalysts with photothermal effect in peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-based Fenton-like systems for enhanced pollutant degradation. A single-atom photothermal catalyst (Co/PMCNs) was designed using mesoporous carbon spheres as both a single-atom support and a photothermal material. Near-infrared (NIR) light was employed due to its superior thermal effect and penetration capacity in water. It was found that Co/PMCNs could generate surface-localized high temperatures for accelerating PMS activation and reducing energy gap of activation reactions, leading to improved degradation performance. Surface-localized high temperatures were demonstrated as key in distinguishing photothermal heating from external heat sources for PMS activation. Moreover, this system performed well across various operating conditions and water matrices, with Co/PMCNs showing promising recyclability. This study highlights the impact of surface-localized high temperatures on heterogeneous catalysis under NIR irradiation, and underscores the potential of integrating single-atom catalysts with photothermal effects into advanced oxidation processes for effective water pollution control., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Neutrophil membrane vesicles (NMVs) have been successfully applied to control the inflammatory cascade after spinal cord injury (SCI) by acting as an inflammatory factor decoy to front-load the overall inflammation regulatory window; however, the mechanisms by which NMVs regulate macrophage phenotypic shifts as well as their outcomes have rarely been reported. In this study, we demonstrated the "efferocytosis-like" effect of NMVs endocytosed by macrophages, supplementing the TCA cycle intermediate metabolite α-KG by promoting glutamine metabolism, which in turn facilitates oxidative phosphorylation and inhibits the NF-κB signaling pathway to reprogram inflammatory macrophages to the pro-regenerative phenotype. Based on these findings, a "Trojan horse" composite fiber scaffold was constructed; this comprised a carboxylated poly-l-lactic acid shell encapsulated with NMVs and a core loaded with brain-derived neurotrophic factor to spatiotemporally modulate the inflammatory microenvironment by 39.23% and sustainably promote nerve regeneration by 85.67%. In vivo experiments further confirmed the effect of NMV-coated fiber scaffolds on the regulation of early innate immune inflammation and the continuous promotion of nerve regeneration. This study not only further unravels the mechanism of neutrophil membrane-macrophage interactions but also provides a strategy for coordinating inflammatory reprogramming and nerve regeneration following SCI.

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of unilateral biportal endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion (UBE-LIF) and endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion (Endo-LIF) in the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases in lumbar degenerative diseases., Methods: A thorough literature search was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines and the PICO framework(PROSPERO 2024CRD42024592073). The databases searched included PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI), and Wanfang Database, with a time frame of January 2020 to June 2024. Outcome metrics included operative time, rate of progress of surgical time for beginners, intraoperative bleeding, hidden blood loss(HBL), total blood loss(TBL), postoperative drainage, hospitalization time, visual analog score (VAS) for pain, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), complications, fusion rates, and modified MacNab score excellence rates., Results: A total of 10 papers were included, including two that were RCT trials. This study involved 710 patients, 348 in the UBE-LIF group and 362 in the Endo-LIF group. The results showed that the UBE-LIF group was superior to the Endo-LIF group in terms of operative time and rate of progress of surgical time for beginners. In contrast, the Endo-LIF group was superior to the UBE-LIF group in terms of hospitalization time, hidden blood loss, and total blood loss. There were no statistical differences between the two procedures regarding intraoperative bleeding, postoperative drainage, visual analog score for low back pain, Oswestry Disability Index, complications, fusion rates, and modified MacNab score excellence rates., Conclusion: Postoperative pain and safety were comparable between the two endoscopic procedures.The UBE-LIF procedure was shorter, whereas the Endo-LIF had less total blood loss and a shorter recovery time., (Copyright © 2025. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

As one of the most commonly used general anesthetics (GAs) in surgery, numerous studies have demonstrated the detrimental effects of sevoflurane exposure on myelination in the developing and elderly brain. However, the impact of sevoflurane exposure on intact myelin structure in the adult brain is barely discovered. Here, we show that repeated sevoflurane exposure, but not single exposure, causes hypomyelination and abnormal ultrastructure of myelin sheath in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of adult male mice, which is considered as a critical brain region for general anesthesia mediated consciousness change. Furthermore, disrupted proliferation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) contributes to repeated sevoflurane exposure-induced myelin defect. This may be owing to an accumulated tuberous sclerosis complex 1 (TSC1) expression and inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, leading to the unbalance of TSC1-mTORC1 activity after repeated sevoflurane exposure, which is critical for proper myelination of the central nervous system (CNS). Moreover, repeated sevoflurane exposure aggregates myelination defect in the cuprizone-induced demyelination model. Together, our present work establishes the role of sevoflurane exposure in myelin integrity in the PFC of the adult male mice and provides a new insight to elucidate the mechanism of GAs-induced brain dysfunctions., Competing Interests: Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Purpose: To develop a deep learning (DL) model for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) detection and severity assessment and provide a new approach for convenient, economical, and accurate disease detection., Methods: Considering medical reliability and acquisition simplicity, we used electrocardiogram (ECG) and oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ) signals to develop a multimodal signal fusion multiscale Transformer model for OSA detection and severity assessment. The proposed model comprises signal preprocessing, feature extraction, cross-modal interaction, and classification modules. A total of 510 patients who underwent polysomnography were included in the hospital dataset. The model was tested on hospital and public datasets. The hospital dataset was utilized to demonstrate the applicability and generalizability of the model. Two public datasets, Apnea-ECG dataset (consisting of 8 recordings) and UCD dataset (consisting of 21 recordings), were used to compare the results with those of previous studies., Results: In the hospital dataset, the accuracy (Acc) values of per-segment and per-recording detection were 91.38 and 96.08%, respectively. The Acc values for mild, moderate, and severe OSA were 90.20, 88.24, and 92.16%, respectively. The Bland‒Altman plots revealed the consistency of the true apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and the predicted AHI. In the public datasets, the per-segment detection Acc values of the Apnea-ECG and UCD datasets were 95.04 and 90.56%, respectively., Conclusion: The experiments on hospital and public datasets have demonstrated that the proposed model is more advanced, accurate, and applicable in OSA detection and severity assessment than previous models., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2025 Zhang et al.)

Triggering the anionic redox reaction is an effective approach to boost the capacity of layered transition metal (TM) oxides. However, the irreversible oxygen release and structural deterioration at high voltage remain conundrums. Herein, a strategy for Mg ion and vacancy dual doping with partial TM ions pinned in the Na layers is developed to improve both the reversibility of anionic redox reaction and structural stability of layered oxides. Both the Mg ions and vacancies (□) are contained in the TM layers, while partial Mn ions (~1.1%) occupy the Na-sites. The introduced Mg ions combined with vacancies not only create abundant nonbonding O 2p orbitals in favor of high oxygen redox capacity, but also suppress the voltage decay originated from Na-O-□ configuration. The Mn ions pinned in the Na layers act as "rivets" to restrain the slab gliding at extreme de-sodiated state and thereby inhibit the generation of cracks. The positive electrode, Na 0.67 Mn 0.011 [Mg 0.1 □ 0.07 Mn 0.83 ]O 2 , delivers an enhanced discharge capacity and decent cyclability. This study provides insights into the construction of stable layered oxide positive electrode with highly reversible anionic redox reaction for sodium storage., Competing Interests: Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is the worldwide terminology system for measuring health and disability at both individual and population levels. However, the underlying challenges remain in achieving widespread adoption and implementation of ICF within healthcare contexts, including the unequal interval scale of the ICF Likert-type qualifier system ranging from 0 to 4, a lack of consensus on conceptualization and grading criteria of ICF items, and an excessive number of ICF items associated with each disease. The utilization of item response theory (IRT) for ICF studies demonstrated potential benefits in addressing these issues. Here, a review attempted to provide clarification of two predominant needs (sufficiency and efficiency) and two dimensions of scoring principles (stratification and assignment principles) in the ICF., Methods: A literature search was conducted on the PubMed database, and 44 relative articles were selected. On this basis, this review was undertaken to track the research progress of the ICF based on the parameter IRT method, typically the Rasch model., Results: This review outlined the classification of Item response model (IRM) for ICF studies and summarized existing IRT-based ICF research paradigms. Moreover, this review identified blind spots regarding assignment principles and the difficulty parameter in current ICF-based IRT studies. The Mokken scale analysis (MSA), as a non-parametric IRT method, was introduced as a data shaping tool for parametric IRM. The pipeline of the ICF-based MSA-Rasch modeling might advance the understanding of ICF clinical application and shed light on a new paradigm of questionnaire design., Conclusion: The advent of ICF-oriented IRM algorithms may advance the comprehension of ICF clinical application and pave the way for a new paradigm for IRT-derived ICF questionnaires, namely the parsimonious ICF core set. Additionally, the Wright map holds promise in facilitating insight into rehabilitation trajectories and personalizing rehabilitation goals., (© 2025 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Photo-charging zinc ion batteries (PCZIBs) emerge as an innovative approach for the effective utilization and storage of solar energy. However, challenges originating from the suboptimal accessibility of photoexcited charges to electroactive sites severely restrict their practical applications. Herein, a facile methodology to balance light utilization and electrochemical performance by constructing multiple pn junctions in a 3D hierarchical PTCDA-SP/CuZnS photoelectrochemical cathode is reported. DFT calculations reveal that p-type CuZnS can adjust the local electronic environment of n-type PTCDA-SP, facilitating the formation of multiple pn junctions among the interface of this cathode. This unique nanostructure significantly promotes ultrafast charge transfer within 3 ps and prevents other undesirable excited state decay pathways, as well as boosts ultrashort photo-response relaxation time less than 20s, resulting in high values of both photo current and voltage of 72.1 µA cm -2 and 813 mV cm -2 respectively. Additionally, all these carbonyls are responsible for photoelectrochemical Zn 2+ storage cascade, ensuring significant improvements in reversible capacities (ca. 32%). This study describes a paradigm of building pn junction on 3D hierarchical cathodes to construct high-performance PCZIBs., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Ultrasound computed tomography (UCT) has attracted increasing attention due to its potential for early breast cancer diagnosis and screening. Synthetic aperture imaging is a widely used means for reflection UCT image reconstruction, due to its ability to produce isotropic and high-resolution anatomical images. However, obtaining fully sampled UCT data from all directions over multiple transmissions is a time-consuming scanning process. Even though sparse transmission strategy could mitigate the data acquisition complication, image quality reconstructed by traditional Delay and Sum (DAS) methods may degrade substantially. This study presents a deep learning framework based on a conditional generative adversarial network, UCT-GAN, to efficiently reconstruct reflection UCT image from sparse transmission data. The evaluation experiments using breast imaging data in vivo show that the proposed UCT-GAN is able to generate high-quality reflection UCT images when using 8 transmissions only, which are comparable to that reconstructed from the data acquired by 512 transmissions. Quantitative assessment in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), normalized mean square error (NMSE), and structural similarity index measurement (SSIM) show that the proposed UCT-GAN is able to efficiently reconstruct high-quality reflection UCT images from sparsely available transmission data, outperforming several other methods, such as RED-GAN, DnCNN-GAN, BM3D. In the experiment of 8-transmission sparse data, the PSNR is 29.52 dB, and the SSIM is 0.7619. The proposed method has the potential of being integrated into the UCT imaging system for clinical usage., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Breast cancer has seriously affected women's physical and mental health. This investigation aims at screening differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in breast cancer and illuminating the potential biological functions of Leiomodin 1 (LMOD1) and its behind mechanisms against breast cancer. The common DEGs (co-DEGs) between the GSE22820 and GSE29431 data sets and pivotal genes were screened out using bioinformatics methods. The biological roles of LMOD1 overexpression on malignant phenotypes were validated by functional assays and the impact on fatty acid synthesis was also elucidated in breast cancer cell lines. Additionally, colivelin, a STAT3 activator, was applied for further investigating the role of LMOD1 on the JAK2/STAT3 pathway in vitro. A total of 208 co-DEGs and 5 focal genes were screened through bioinformatics analysis, and 5 focal genes were downregulated in breast cancer cell lines. LMOD1 overexpression retarded proliferative, migratory, invasive capabilities of breast cancer cells. LMOD1 overexpression suppressed fatty acid synthesis. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects on malignant phenotypes of breast cancer cells with LMOD1 overexpression were partially abolished after colivelin treatment. Additionally, LMOD1 could impede fatty acid synthesis in breast cancer cells. Our study highlighted LMOD1 exerted as a tumor-suppressive role in breast cancer, which was correlated with restraining the JAK2/STAT3 pathway activation., (© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

The development of novel methods to enhance enzyme-carrier interactions in situ, at a feasible cost, and on a large scale is crucial for improving the stability and durability of current immobilized enzyme systems used in industrial settings. Here, a pioneering approach termed "silica-based inorganic glue" is proposed, which utilizes protein-catalyzed silicification to fix enzyme within porous matrix while preserving enzyme activity. This innovative strategy offers several key benefits, including conformational stabilization of enzymes, improved interactions between enzymes and the matrix, prevention of enzyme leakage, and mitigation of pore blocking. Moreover, the controllable and scalable nature of this method renders it a cost-effective solution for enhancing enzyme immobilization in industrial contexts. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the "silica-based inorganic glue" technology, it has applied to three different enzymes exhibiting varying surface characteristics, sizes, and functions and in diverse porous supports, including a metal-organic framework (MOF) and a commercial macroporous resin, which resulted in a significant improvement of the stability and longevity of the immobilized enzymes. Overall, this findings represent a significant advancement in enzyme immobilization techniques, signaling a paradigm shift in current industrial catalysis., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Background: Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness associated with significantly elevated mortality rates. However, factors related to the mortality risk among people with schizophrenia in low and middle-income countries remain to be examined. This study aims to explore the clinical factors for all-cause mortality in people with schizophrenia., Methods: We conducted a 9-year retrospective cohort study on people with schizophrenia in Guangzhou, China. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis and competing risk analysis was used to identify clinical factors associated with all-cause mortality and specific-cause mortality. A propensity score matching method was performed to minimize the impact of confounding factors., Results: The overall age-standardized mortality rate in people with schizophrenia between 2013 and 2021 was 1606.04 per 100,000 person-years. We found that medical expenses not covered by medical insurance (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 2.49 [95 % CI: 2.21-2.82]), relatively-stable (aHR: 1.18 [95 % CI: 1.01-1.38]) and unstable illness (aHR: 2.65 [95 % CI: 1.90-3.68]), history of non-continuous treatment (aHR: 1.35 [95 % CI: 1.25-1.46]), and no treatment history (aHR: 1.41 [95 % CI: 1.29-1.55]) were associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality. Frequent hospital stays (once: aHR: 0.46 [95 % CI: 0.42-0.50], more than once: aHR: 0.23 [95 % CI: 0.21-0.26]) and a family history of mental disorders (aHR: 0.50 [95 % CI: 0.40-0.64]) were associated with a lower risk of mortality., Conclusion: We identified clinical factors associated with all-cause mortality. Targeted interventions should be developed to reduce the mortality risk in people with schizophrenia., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest with the materials presented., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The activation of C-C bond of benzocyclobutenones under mild reaction conditions remains a challenge. We herein report a photoinduced catalyst-free regio-specific C1-C8 bond cleavage of benzocyclobutenones, enabling the generation of versatile ortho-quinoid ketene methides for aza-[4 + 2]-cycloaddition with imines, which offers a facile route to isoquinolinone derivatives, including seven family members of protoberberine alkaloids, gusanlung A, B, D, 8-oxotetrahydroplamatine, tetrahydrothalifendine, tetrahydropalmatine, and xylopinine. Furthermore, the catalytic enantioselective version of this strategy is also realized by merging synergistic photocatalysis and chiral Lewis acid catalysis. Mechanistic studies provide compelling evidence to rationalize the photoisomerization/cycloaddition cascade process., Competing Interests: Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Yu-Ping-Feng-San (YPF) is a famous classical Chinese medicine formula known for its ability to boost immunity. YPF has been applied to enhance the immune status of tumor patients in clinical practice. However, there is still a lack of research on its immune regulatory effects and mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment. This study was designed to investigate the effects and mechanism of YPF on improving the immune suppression state of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) microenvironment. In an orthotopic mouse model of HCC, YPF improved the immune microenvironment of HCC immunosuppression, enhanced the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs), promoted the release of IL-12, and decreased the presence of JAK2, p-JAK2, STAT3, and p-STAT3 proteins in both tumor tissue and paracancerous tissues. YPF also could promote the maturation and reduce the activation of JAK2, p-JAK2, STAT3, and p-STAT3 proteins of mouse bone marrow-derived DCs induced by culture medium or tumor supernatant in vitro. Transient transfection of siRNA-STAT3 with DCs resulted in an increase in its maturation and its secretion of IL-12. On the whole, these combined effects of YPF served to ameliorate the HCC immune suppression microenvironment, which conducive to immune cells play the role of immune surveillance and killing liver cancer cells. The mechanisms of these combined effects were, at least in part, related to its inhibition of the activated JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway in DCs within the HCC microenvironment., Competing Interests: Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethical approval: Animal experiments was agreed by the Ethics Committee of Suzhou Chinese Medicine Hospital (Ethical Number: 2021-LDP-049)., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer globally, with advanced stages presenting significant treatment challenges. Recently years, drug combination therapy has become a promising strategy for cancer treatment., Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of the combination of the anti-angiogenic drug PEP06 (TB01) and the cytotoxic drug Trifluridine/Tipiracil (TAS-102) in human CRC HCT-116 xenograft mouse model. And quantitative assessment of the interaction between TB01 and TAS-102 in the treatment based on pharmacological effects., Methods: This study utilized the human CRC HCT-116 xenograft nude mouse model to evaluate the antitumor effects of TAS-102 and TB01, both as mono-therapies and in combination therapies., Results: The combination therapy not only demonstrated significantly inhibited tumor growth in a dose-dependent manner, but also seems to reduce the common toxicity associated with such treatments, as shown by the maintenance of body weights in the treated mice., Conclusion: The synergistic effect observed from the combined use of TAS-102 and TB01 suggests a promising new treatment avenue for refractory CRC patients, meriting further investigation and potential clinical application., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethical approval: All the experimental procedures were conducted in this study were approved by the ethics committee of Beijing Huayuan Times Technology Co., Ltd, China (No.HYSD2023-11). Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Purpose: Tuberculosis meningitis (TBM) has emerged as the most lethal type of disease. The prognosis of meningitis is often related to disease severity and early therapeutic intervention., Methods: Patients were screened for primary TBM and received a quadruple regimen comprising isoniazid (standard dose of 300 mg/day and high dose of 600 mg/day), rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide. Further, the indices and prognosis factors of diseased patients were analyzed, using 12-month treatment mortality as the primary observation endpoint. Several predictors included demographic data, clinical presentation, ancillary tests, treatment changes, and isoniazid dose. The data were analyzed using a least absolute shrinkage, the selection operator regression, and multi-factor logistic regression., Results: Among the selected TBM patients (n=119), 18 patients were dead at the end of December. A total of 68 influencing factors were screened, in which 5 clinical factors were included as potential prognostic factors, including older age, presence of nausea, high MRC grade, imaging suggestive of cerebral infarction, and dose of isoniazid (300 mg/day). The AUC value was recorded as 0.8316832. The validation set confirmed the model's robustness, with an AUC of 0.887 and good calibration performance. These findings highlight the model's potential for clinical application in optimizing isoniazid dosing. The model demonstrated the advantage of predicting the therapeutic outcome of patients., Conclusion: In summary, the model could be suitable for evaluating the risk of death within 12 months in TBM patients towards assessing the severity and treatment needs of patients. The isoniazid dose is an important factor affecting the prognosis of these patients., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests in this work., (© 2024 Zong et al.)

To take the pronounced issue of recombination among photogenerated electrons and holes in the photocatalytic reaction, we report a WC/CaIn 2 S 4 Schottky heterojunction photocatalyst using a straightforward one-step hydrothermal method and applied it for the enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction in photocatalysis. A stable Schottky energy barrier can be formed by closely connecting the metal-like WC with the n-type semiconductor CaIn 2 S 4 , accelerating the migration of photogenerated carriers. Meanwhile, WC can lower the overpotential for hydrogen evolution, leading to a notable enhancement in the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate. The hydrogen evolution rate of the optimal WC/CaIn 2 S 4 Schottky heterojunction photocatalyst WCIS1 : 1 was approximately 2.3 times higher than that of Pt-loaded photocatalyst CIS+Pt. This study delves into the application significance of the Schottky heterojunction principle in the photocatalytic hydrogen production reaction. Furthermore, this study provides a novel approach to replacing noble metal Pt with metal-like WC in the field of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Marine heatwave (MHW) can increase heat exchange between the land and the ocean, which may further develop into a consecutive marine and terrestrial heatwave (CMTHW). Despite their significance, the feedback mechanisms underlying these compound events remain inadequately understood. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the interactions between terrestrial and marine heatwaves across China's coastal regions, leveraging multiple temperature datasets. Our findings reveal a marked increase in both the frequency and spatial extent of CMTHWs over the past four decades. Notably, longer lasting and more intense MHWs are more likely to trigger subsequent terrestrial heatwaves (THWs), indicating that CMTHWs are associated with more severe and prolonged MHWs compared to standalone MHWs. Atmospheric processes cause additional land surface warming relative to the ocean. Specifically, during CMTHWs, land surface latent heat flux anomalies are significantly larger than those over the ocean, highlighting the critical role of atmospheric feedback. These findings underscore the need for further investigation into the mechanisms linking marine and terrestrial heatwaves and the broader implications for coastal climate dynamics and ecosystem resilience., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Context: Ammonium dinitramide (ADN) is highly hygroscopic, which poses significant challenges in its practical applications. Consequently, mitigating this hygroscopic nature has been a primary focus in the research and development of ADN. This study investigated the properties of the ADN/3-amino-4-nitrofurazan (ANF) cocrystal using density functional theory, molecular dynamics, and Monte Carlo methods. The research involved analyzing binding energies, radial distribution functions, and molecular interaction energies; predicting crystallographic properties of the cocrystal; and ADN theoretically assessing its hygroscopic and detonation properties. The results indicated that the cocrystal achieved relative stability at a 1:1 molar ratio of ADN to ANF, driven by favorable conditions for cocrystal formation. The primary forces facilitating this cocrystal formation were electrostatic and van der Waals interactions. The predicted space group for the cocrystal was P21-C, with a calculated crystal density of 1.8836 g·cm⁻ 3 . Additionally, the cocrystal demonstrated a calculated saturated moisture absorption rate of 9.07%, which contrasted significantly with the 18.12% absorption rate observed for pure ADN. Theoretical calculations indicated that the detonation performance of the cocrystal surpassed that of the pure components ADN and ANF, suggesting that the ADN/ANF cocrystal was a new type of high-energy material with low hygroscopicity., Methods: For the whole molecular dynamics simulation, the simulation was done in Materials Studio 2020 software, under NPT ensemble, with a set temperature of 298 K, a pressure of 0.0001 GPa, a temperature control of Andersen, and a pressure control of Berendsen. The total simulation time was 1 ns. The first 0.5 ns was used for the thermodynamic equilibrium, and the second 0.5 ns was used for statistical calculations and analysis. It was used for statistical calculations and analysis. Samples were recorded every 10 fs during the calculation. All systems were simulated similarly. Surface electrostatic potentials were calculated using Gaussian and Multiwfn programs with B3LYP, 6-31G +  + basis sets, and levels. Hygroscopicity calculations utilized the Sorption module to simulate pure ADN and ADN/ANF cocrystals. Water was chosen as the adsorbate, with a pressure of 2.813 kPa, temperature set at 308.15 K, and adsorbate coverage ranging from 0.12 to 0.8., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval: This article does not present research with ethical considerations. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a prevalent disease among middle-aged and elderly males, but its pathogenesis remains unclear. Dysbiosis of the microbiome is increasingly recognized as a significant factor in various human diseases. Prostate tissue also contains a unique microbiome, and its dysbiosis has been proposed to contribute to prostate diseases. Here, we obtained prostate tissues and preoperative catheterized urine from 24 BPH individuals, and 8 normal prostate samples as controls, which followed strict aseptic measures. Using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), we found the disparities in the microbiome composition between normal and BPH tissues, with Pseudomonas significantly enriched in BPH tissues, as confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Additionally, we showed that the prostate microbiome differed from the urine microbiome. In vitro experiments revealed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Pseudomonas activated NF-κB signalling, leading to inflammation, proliferation, and EMT processes, while inhibiting apoptosis in prostatic cells. Overall, our research determines the presence of microbiome dysbiosis in BPH, and suggests that Pseudomonas , as the dominant microflora, may promote the progression of BPH through LPS activation of NF-κB signalling.

Cellulose and hemicellulose are key cross-linked carbohydrates affecting bioethanol production in maize stalks. Traditional wet chemical methods for their detection are labor-intensive, highlighting the need for high-throughput techniques. This study used Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy combined with machine learning (ML) algorithms on 200 large-scale maize germplasms to develop robust predictive models for stalk cellulose, hemicellulose and holocellulose content. We identified several peak height features correlated with three contents, used them as input data for model building. Four ML algorithms demonstrated higher predictive accuracy, achieving coefficient of determination (R 2 ) ranging from 0.83 to 0.97. Notably, the Categorical Boosting algorithm yielded optimal models with coefficient of determination (R 2 ) exceeding 0.91 for the training set and over 0.81 for the test set. The approach combined FTIR spectroscopy with ML algorithms offers a precise and high-throughput tool for predicting stalk cellulose, hemicellulose and holocellulose contents, benefiting maize genetic breeding for bioenergy and biofuels., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

In this study, ARGET ATRP method was employed to graft two functional monomers from lignin, resulting in the synthesis of a series of Lignin-graft-poly(lauryl methacrylate-co-cyclohexyl methacrylate) (Lignin-g-P(LMA-co-CMA)) copolymers with varying feed ratios and lignin content. The results demonstrate that by varying the feed ratios of the two monomers, the glass transition temperature of lignin-based elastomers can be finely tuned. Importantly, the introduction of lignin and CMA imparts outstanding mechanical properties to the lignin-based elastomers, with a maximum tensile strength reaching 20.13 MPa. The elastic recovery rate of the lignin-based elastomers was exceptional, with the elastic recovery coefficient (ER) of Lignin0.52-PLMA500 exceeding 90 %. Adhesion tests on various substrates revealed the remarkable adhesion properties of these copolymers. In particular, Lignin0.52-PLMA500 exhibited strong adhesion on both iron plate and glass substrate, with adhesion strengths of 2.23 MPa and 2.33 MPa, respectively. Notably, Lignin0.52-PLMA500 demonstrated significant self-healing ability after damage. Furthermore, the lignin-based elastomer exhibited exceptional ultraviolet absorption performance. In conclusion, the incorporation of lignin opens up a novel pathway for the development of high-strength and tough lignin-based elastomers. However，more effort still needs to be paid for increasing the adhesive properties aiming to explore more potential application field., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

The clinical success of KRAS G12C inhibitors (G12Ci) including AMG510 and MRTX849 is limited by the eventual development of acquired resistance. A novel and effective treatment to revert or target this resistance is urgent. To this end, we established G12Ci (AMG510 and MRTX849) resistant KRAS G12C mutant cancer cell lines and screened with an FDA-approved drug library. We found the ferroptosis inducers including sorafenib and lapatinib stood out with an obvious growth inhibition in the G12Ci resistant cells. Mechanistically, the G12Ci resistant cells exhibited reactivation of MAPK signaling, which repressed SOX2-mediated expression of cystine transporter SLC7A11 and iron exporter SLC40A1. Consequently, the low intracellular GSH level but high iron content engendered hypersensitivity of these resistant tumors to ferroptosis inducers. Ectopic overexpression of SOX2 or SLC7A11 and SLC40A1 conferred resistance to ferroptosis in the G12Ci resistant cells. Ferroptosis induced by sulfasalazine (SAS) achieved obvious inhibition on the tumor growth of xenografts derived from AMG510-resistant KRAS G12C -mutant cells. Collectively, our results suggest a novel therapeutic strategy to treat patients bearing G12Ci resistant cancers with ferroptosis inducers., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors have declared that no competing interest exists., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Mechanisms underlying potentiation of the anti-myeloma (MM) activity of ataxia telangiectasia Rad3 (ATR) antagonists by MAPK (Mitogen-activated protein kinases)-related extracellular kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2) inhibitors were investigated. Co-administration of the ATR inhibitor (ATRi) BAY1895344 (BAY) and MEK1/2 inhibitors, for example, cobimetinib, synergistically increased cell death in diverse MM cell lines. Mechanistically, BAY and cobimetinib blocked STAT3 Tyr705 and Ser727 phosphorylation, respectively, and dual dephosphorylation triggered marked STAT3 inactivation and downregulation of STAT3 (Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) downstream targets (c-Myc and BCL-X L ). Similar events occurred in highly bortezomib-resistant (PS-R) cells, in the presence of patient-derived conditioned medium, and with alternative ATR (e.g. M1774) and MEK1/2 (trametinib) inhibitors. Notably, constitutively active STAT3 c-MYC or BCL-X L ectopic expression significantly protected cells from BAY/cobimetinib. In contrast, transfection of cells with a dominant-negative form of STAT3 (Y705F) sensitized cells to cobimetinib, as did ATR shRNA knockdown. Conversely, MEK1/2 knockdown markedly increased ATRi sensitivity. The BAY/cobimetinib regimen was also active against primary CD138 + MM cells, but not normal CD34 + cells. Finally, the ATR inhibitor/cobimetinib regimen significantly improved survival in MM xenografts, including bortezomib-resistant models, with minimal toxicity. Collectively, these findings suggest that combined ATR/MEK1/2 inhibition triggers dual STAT3 Tyr705 and Ser727 dephosphorylation, pronounced downregulation of cytoprotective targets and MM cell death, warranting attention as a novel therapeutic strategy in MM., (© 2024 British Society for Haematology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The healing of bone defects among diabetic patients presents a critical challenge due to the pathological microenvironment, characterized by hyperglycemia, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and inflammation. Herein, multifunctional composite microspheres, termed GMAP are developed, using a microfluidic technique by incorporating Au@Pt nanoparticles (NPs) and GelMA hydrogel to modulate the diabetic microenvironment for promoting bone regeneration. The GMAP enables the sustained release of Au@Pt NPs, which function as bimetallic nanozymes with dual enzyme-like activities involving glucose oxidase and catalase. The synergistic effect allows for efficient glucose consumption and ROS elimination concurrently. Thus, the GMAP effectively protects the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) under adverse high-glucose conditions. Furthermore, it also promotes the osteogenic differentiation and paracrine capabilities of BMSCs, and subsequently inhibits inflammation and enhances angiogenesis. In vivo diabetic rats bone defect model, it is demonstrated that GMAP microspheres significantly improve bone regeneration, as verified by micro-computed tomography and histological examinations. This study provides a novel strategy for bone regeneration by modulating the diabetic microenvironment, presenting a promising approach for addressing the complex challenges associated with bone healing in diabetic patients., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

This research aims to investigate information asymmetry in e-commerce supply chain channels and the impact of the fair preference model on the behavior and returns of channel members. Therefore, by contrasting it with the model in the completely rational case, this research establishes a more realistic principal-agent model and incorporates the fair preference model into the e-commerce supply chain channel. According to the model's analysis, the effort level of the retailer at each stage is positively correlated with the e-commerce efficiency coefficient, and the incentive coefficient of manufacturers is positively correlated with the e-commerce efficiency coefficient in the case where all rationality is assumed. Manufacturing companies' anticipated profits are positively correlated with the e-commerce efficiency coefficient. According to the fair preference model, retailers will put forth more effort to sell products when their fixed income from manufacturers is higher and their optimal effort level is positively correlated with that income. When e-commerce's efficiency coefficient is higher than 1, the retailer's revenue and effort exceeded those of traditional channels. Manufacturers and retailers both experience Pareto improvements in their earnings after the fair preference model is introduced., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

In response to mitigating the severe shuttle effect within lithium-sulfur batteries, single-atom catalysts have emerged as one of the most effective solutions. Here, N, F, B codoped porous hollow carbon nanocages (NFB-NiFe@NC) with high Ni and Fe doping are rationally designed and synthesized using ionic liquids (ILs) as dopants. The introduction of ILs inhibits the growth of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF8), resulting in NFB-ZIF8 precursors with smaller particle sizes, enabling higher loading dual-atom catalysts. Meanwhile, the abundant heteroatoms increase the reactive sites and alter the carbon matrix's nonpolar intrinsic properties, thus enhancing the chemisorption of polysulfides. The synergistic interaction of the heteroatoms with Ni and Fe dual-atoms ultimately promotes the catalytic conversion kinetics of polysulfides. As a result of these beneficial properties, the cells prepared using the NFB-NiFe@NC modified separator exhibit significantly improved performance, including a high initial capacity of 1448 mAh g -1 at 0.2 C. Even at a high S-loading of 7.6 mg cm -2 , the ideal area capacity of 8.38 mAh cm -2 can still be maintained at 0.1 C. New insights are provided here for designing highly loaded dual-atom catalysts for application in lithium-sulfur batteries., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Background: Violence perpetration may be linked to psychotic-like experiences (PLEs), but relevant research is limited, especially in general population. Therefore, we aimed to identify trajectories of PLEs and examine whether specific trajectories were related to violent behavior in a 3-year cohort study., Methods: We developed a prospective cohort study and collected data in 2020 (T0), 2021 (T1), and 2022 (T2) in Guangzhou, China. A total of 3539 university students from two universities were included and completed self-report questionnaires to assess PLEs, violent ideation, violent threats, and violent acts. Socio-demographic and clinical factors were assessed and considered as confounding factors. We used growth mixture modeling to identify trajectories of PLEs. Associations between PLEs trajectories and violent behavior were examined using binary logistic regression., Results: At T2, 162 (5.3 %) participants had violent behavior. We identified three distinct trajectories: low stable trajectory, low increasing trajectory, and high decreasing trajectory. The binary logistic regression models revealed that the high decreasing (OR: 2.46, 95%CI:1.60-3.72) group and the low increasing (OR: 11.7, 95%CI: 7.62-17.9) were associated with higher violent risk compared to the low stable group after controlling for baseline socio-demographic and clinical factors., Conclusion: Our study delineated three distinct trajectories and indicated that PLEs trajectories are related to subsequent violent ideation and violent acts. The results provide crucial clarifications regarding the nature of the associations between PLEs trajectories and violence over time., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None reported., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Esophageal cancer (EC) is the sixth leading cause of cancer-related deaths, and its treatment poses significant challenges. In recent years, photodynamic, photothermal, and chemodynamic therapies have emerged as alternative strategies for tumor intervention. However, limitations such as poor tumor targeting, insufficient microenvironment responsiveness, and unclear mechanisms hinder their application. In this study, we found that hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) was highly expressed in clinical EC samples, which contributed to tumor malignancy and metastasis. We developed a carbon dots (CDs)-based tumor microenvironment (TME)-responsive nanoplatform, CDs-MnO 2 -Au-Cet (CMAC), designed for multimodal imaging-guided precision therapy in EC. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that CMAC effectively targeted and imaged EC cells and tissues. CMAC significantly inhibited tumor growth by inducing apoptosis and reducing lung metastasis. Mechanistically, CMAC administration led to a substantial downregulation of HIF-1α and its downstream targets, GLUT1 and MMP9. In summary, we presented a novel nanoplatform for imaging-guided synergistic therapy in EC, which demonstrated excellent anti-tumor growth and metastasis capabilities, along with favorable biocompatibility. This study laid the groundwork for developing innovative theranostic strategies for EC., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Background: Utilisation of health services is low and delayed among individuals with mood mental disorders and anxiety disorders, despite high disease burdens and available effective treatments. This study aims to examine patterns and delays in help-seeking and associated factors among individuals with lifetime disorder of mood disorders and/or anxiety disorders., Methods: We used data from the China Mental Health Survey (CMHS), a nationally representative multistage clustered-area probability sample study across 31 provinces. We assessed lifetime mental disorders and help-seeking behaviour using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Logistic regression analyses were used to examine sociodemographic and clinical correlates of delay to seek health care., Results: Among 32,552 participants, we identified 3075 patients with lifetime mood and/or anxiety disorders; 486 (15.5 % [95 % CI: 13.6-17.5 %]) have sought health care. Of these, 163 (4.8 % [95 % CI: 3.7-6.3]) ever sought specialized mental health services. The delays to initial health care were 1.0 (IQR: 0-7.1), 1.9 (0-10.0), and 10.0 (1.0-22.1) years for depressive, bipolar, and anxiety disorders. Patients with comorbidities, later age of onset, and living in urban areas showed a higher propensity for help-seeking (all p < 0.05). Older cohort was associated with longer delays in seeking health care, while a later age of onset was associated with shorter delays (all p < 0.05)., Limitations: The cross-sectional retrospective design and self-assessment approach may add bias., Conclusions: Failure and delays in help-seeking are common in China. National strategies are needed to promote health care utilisation., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest We declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The utilization of lanthanide (Ln) complexes in the realm of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) has garnered extensive interest, particularly in their role as luminescent materials or electron trappers. A series of gadolinium (Gd) complexes with energy levels of high HOMO/LUMO and different triplet state energies were designed and synthesized by introducing substituents with different electronic effects onto the pyrazolone derivative ligands. Subsequently, these complexes were precisely purified by vacuum sublimation and codoped into the light-emitting layer (EML) of the OLEDs. This process was facilitated through the well-matched HOMO/LUMO levels and triplet energies among various functional materials. Consequently, the maximum external quantum efficiencies of blue, red, and green OLEDs were simultaneously enhanced with the ratios of 119%, 28%, and 71%, respectively. This improvement can be credited to the introduction of Gd(III) complex molecules within EMLs, which helps to capture excess holes and improve carriers' balance.