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Xerocomoideae is an ecologically and economically important Boletaceae subfamily (Boletales) comprising 10 genera. Although many studies have focused on Xerocomoideae in China, the diversity, taxonomy and molecular phylogeny still remained incompletely understood. In the present study, taxonomic and phylogenetic studies on Chinese species of Xerocomoideae were carried out by morphological examinations and molecular phylogenetic analyses. Eight genera in Xerocomoideae, viz. Aureoboletus, Boletellus, Heimioporus, Hemileccinum, Hourangia, Phylloporus, Pulchroboletus, and Xerocomus were confirmed to be distributed in China; 97 species of the subfamily were accepted as being distributed in China; one ambiguous taxon was tentatively named Bol. aff. putuoensis; two synonyms, viz. A. marroninus and P. dimorphus were defined. Among the Chinese accepted species, 13 were newly described, viz. A. albipes, A. conicus, A. ornatipes, Bol. erythrolepis, Bol. rubidus, Bol. sinochrysenteroides, Bol. subglobosus, Bol. zenghuoxingii, H. squamipes, P. hainanensis, Pul. erubescens, X. albotomentosus, and X. fuscatus, 36 known species were redescribed, and the other 48 species were reviewed. Keys to accepted species of Aureoboletus, Boletellus, Heimioporus, Hemileccinum, Hourangia, Phylloporus, and Xerocomus in China were also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have shown that miR-335 plays an anti-tumor role in several types of cancer. However, whether it is able to regulate the tumorigenesis of osteosarcoma (OS) has not been fully investigated. The present study was designed to study its potential role in regulating apoptosis of OS cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The expression of miR-335 in a total of 18 paired OS tumor tissues and adjacent non-cancerous tissues was measured by Real-time PCR, and its different expression in OS cell lines was also measured. The effect of miR-335 on apoptosis was measured by MTT assay, caspase-3 activity assay and TUNEL assay. The effect of survivin inhibition on apoptosis of OS cells was determined by MTT assay and western blot. Luciferase reporter assay and western blot were conducted to confirm the relationship between miR-335 and the 3’UTR of survivin mRNA. RESULTS: MiR-335 expression was found to be significantly downregulated in OS tumor tissues and OS cell lines. Overexpression of miR- 335 led to decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis. MiR-335 directly targeted the 3’UTR of survivin mRNA and suppressed survivin gene expression, and inhibition of survivin exhibited similar effects to miR-335 overexpression. CONCLUSIONS: MiR-335 might function as a tumor suppressor in OS, and downregulation of miR-335 in OS cells contributes to the decreased apoptotic potential of OS cells through derepression of survivin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of glaucoma drainage implants(XEN-45 Gel Stent) for glaucoma treatment. Methods: A prospective study was conducted to continuously collect the clinical data of patients who were diagnosed with glaucoma and underwent XEN-45 Gel Stent implantation in the Ophthalmology Department of Peking University People's Hospital from January 2022 to August 2023. The visual acuity, intraocular pressure, number of glaucoma medications, and success rate of the patients were analyzed before and after surgery at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, and 18 months. The differences in intraocular pressure and number of glaucoma medications among primary open-angle glaucoma, primary angle closure glaucoma, secondary glaucoma, and different implantation methods of XEN-45 Gel Stent among patients with primary open-angle glaucoma were compared. The intraoperative and postoperative complications were observed, and the risk factors for needling and surgical complete success were analyzed. Results: A total of 48 eyes from 48 patients were included in this study, comprising 27 males and 21 females, with a mean age of (54.4±18.0) years and the disease duration was 36.0(7.3, 81.0) months.There were 28 cases of primary open-angle glaucoma, 4 cases of primary angle closure glaucoma, and 16 cases of secondary glaucoma.The follow-up period was 8.0 (3.0, 12.0) months. At 12 months after surgery, the intraocular pressure decreased from 20.5 (17.0, 26.0) mmHg to (13.5±3.3) mmHg ( P <0.05), and the number of glaucoma medications decreased from 3.0 (3.0, 4.0) to 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) ( P <0.05). The complete success rate and qualified success rate were 73.9% (17/23) and 91.3% (21/23), respectively. The most common postoperative complications were shallow anterior chamber in 6 cases (12.5%), hypotony in 3 cases (6.3%), and blocked stent in 3 cases (6.3%). The most common postoperative treatment was needling in 27 cases (56.3%). There was no significant difference in intraocular pressure among different types of glaucoma. In the comparison of postoperative effects of different surgical implantation methods for primary open-angle glaucoma, there were no statistically significant differences in intraocular pressure and the number of glaucoma medications at other follow-up time points except 1 month after surgery ( P <0.05). Univariate logistic regression analysis did not find any risk factors associated with needling and surgical complete success. Conclusions: XEN-45 Gel Stent implantation is an effective and safe surgical option for different types of glaucoma patients in China, which can significantly reduce intraocular pressure and the use of glaucoma medications and has a high success rate. However, some patients may need needling or other treatments after surgery.

Objective: To investigate the factors affecting the prognosis of stage Ⅰa2-Ⅱa2 cervical cancer after laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (LRH), and to compare the prognosis and recurrence sites of patients with different colpotomy paths. Methods: The clinical data of 965 patients with stage Ⅰa2-Ⅱa2 cervical cancer who underwent LRH in the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University from January 2015 to December 2018 were collected. The median age was 47.0 years of all patients with a median follow-up of 62 months (48-74 months). Cox regression was used to perform the univariate and multivariate analysis of the clinicopathological factors associated with the prognosis that included disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Patients were categorized into LRH through vaginal colpotomy (VC group, n =475) and LRH through intracorporeal colpotomy (IC group, n =490) according to the colpotomic approaches. The prognosis and recurrence sites of patients in each group were compared. Results: (1) During the follow-up period, 137 cases recurred (14.2%, 137/965) and 98 cases died (10.2%, 98/965). The 5-year DFS and OS were 85.8% and 89.9%, respectively. In univariate analysis, positive vaginal margin (PVM) was significantly affected the 5-year OS of patients with cervical cancer ( P =0.023), while clinical stage, maximum diameter of tumor, degree of pathological differentiation, lymph node metastasis (LNM), depth of cervical stromal invasion, parametrium involvement, and uterine corpus invasion (UCI) were significantly associated with 5-year DFS and OS in patients with cervical cancer (all P <0.05). In multivariate analysis, clinical stage ( HR =1.882, 95% CI : 1.305-2.716), LNM ( HR =2.178, 95% CI : 1.483-3.200) and UCI ( HR =3.650, 95% CI : 1.906-6.988) were independent risk factors of 5-year DFS (all P <0.001). Clinical stage ( HR =2.500, 95% CI : 1.580-3.956), LNM ( HR =2.053, 95% CI : 1.309-3.218), UCI ( HR =3.984, 95%C I : 1.917-8.280), PVM ( HR =3.235, 95% CI : 1.021-10.244) were independent risk factors of 5-year OS (all P <0.05). (2) Different colpotomy paths did not significantly affect the 5-year DFS and OS of patients with stage Ⅰa2-Ⅱa2 cervical cancer. The 5-year DFS in VC group and IC group were 85.9% and 85.6% ( P =0.794), and the 5-year OS were 90.8% and 89.3% ( P =0.966), respectively. Recurrence patterns consisted of intraperitoneal recurrence, pelvic recurrence, vaginal stump recurrence, and lymph node and distant metastasis. The intraperitoneal recurrence rate of VC group was significantly lower than that of IC group [0.6%(3/468) vs 2.3% (11/485), P =0.037], while the rates of pelvic recurrence, vaginal stump recurrence, lymph node and distant metastasis and overall recurrence were not significantly different between two groups (all P >0.05). Subgroup analysis of patients with different clinical stages, LNM and UCI showed that statistical differences of the intraperitoneal recurrence rates between two groups were only in patients without LNM (0.5% vs 2.3%, P =0.030) or without UCI (0.7% vs 2.3%, P =0.037). Conclusions: Clinical stage, LNM, PVM and UCI are independent risk factors for the prognosis of patients with stage Ⅰa2-Ⅱa2 cervical cancer. For patients without LNM or UCI, LRH through VC could reduce the intraperitoneal recurrence rate, while it is not enough to improve 5-year DFS and OS of patients. Low proportion of intraperitoneal recurrence, intra-operative tumor cells spillage to vagina stump and pelvic cavity might be the explanation.

Surgery is the primary treatment for early cervical cancer. Radical hysterectomy by laparotomy and minimally invasive surgery have been widely used for years. The results of the LACC study has overturned the clinical practice of the cervical cancer, and the radical hysterectomy by laparotomy is the only standard operation. Based on the studies of laparoscopy or robot-assisted laparoscopy comparing laparotomy for the risk factors of survival outcomes, as well as a series of methods for improving oncology outcomes, it suggests that the minimally invasive surgical approach in early cervical cancer should be reconsidered. Focusing on this topic, this paper discussed the risk factors that might affect the oncology outcome of minimally invasive surgery, and analyzed the surgical indications and recurrence patterns. Hence, to promote the standardized operation of "tumor-free" in the procedure of the minimally invasive surgery might be improve the patient survival outcomes.

Objective: To explore the prognostic factors of epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC), construct a nomogram model, and evaluate the prognosis of EOC patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on clinicopathological data of 208 cases of EOC patients who received initial treatment in the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University from August 11, 2016 to July 11, 2018, including age, preoperative ascites, preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgical method, pathological type, pathological differentiation degree, surgical pathology stage, preoperative and post-chemotherapy serum cancer antigen 125 (CA 125 ) level, human epididymal protein 4 (HE4) level, platelet count and platelet/lymphocyte number ratio (PLR). The univariate and multivariate Cox risk ratio models were used to analyze the related factors affecting progression free survival (PFS) in EOC patients, and the prediction nomogram of PFS in EOC patients was established to evaluate its efficacy in predicting PFS. Results: Univariate analysis showed that preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy, pathological type, pathological differentiation degree, surgical pathology stage, serum CA 125 and HE4 level before operation and after chemotherapy, platelet count and PLR before operation and after chemotherapy were significantly correlated with PFS in EOC patients (all P <0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that surgical pathology stage, preoperative PLR, serum CA 125 and HE4 level after chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors affecting PFS of EOC patients (all P <0.01). The index coefficient of the prediction model for the prognosis of EOC patients established by this method was 0.749 (95% CI : 0.699-0.798), which had good prediction ability, and could help clinicians to more accurately evaluate the prognosis of EOC patients. Conclusion: The nomogram model constructed based on surgical pathology stage, preoperative PLR, serum CA 125 and HE4 level after chemotherapy could effectively predict the PFS of EOC patients after initial treatment, could help clinicians to screen high-risk patients, provide individualized treatment, and improve the prognosis of EOC patients.

Objective: To compare the structural differences of the anterior segment between fellow eyes of acute angle-closure glaucoma (AACG) and the eyes of chronic angle-closure glaucoma (CACG) with milder glaucomatous damage. Methods: In this case-control study, patients with AACG (41 eyes) and CACG (46 eyes) without prior treatment in the glaucoma clinic of Peking University People's Hospital from September 2016 to October 2018 were enrolled. Ultrasound biomicroscopy was performed under dark condition. Parameters were measured on images including lens vault (LV), anterior chamber depth (ACD), iris thickness (IT750 and IT2000), angle-opening distance (AOD500 and AOD750), and trabecular iris angle (TIA500 and TIA750). The independent t -test was used to compare the continuous variables of the fellow eyes of AACG patients and the eyes of CACG patients with milder glaucomatous damage. After adjusting for age and gender, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the most important parameters that may distinguish AACG from CACG. Results: The mean age of AACG patients was (65±10) years old and the age of CACG patients was (67±12) years old ( P >0.05). The ACD [(1.79±0.25) mm vs . (1.99±0.34) mm], IT750 [(0.39±0.07) mm vs . (0.43±0.05) mm], AOD500 [(0.12±0.06) mm vs . (0.15±0.07) mm], TIA500 (10.91°±5.23° vs . 13.93°±6.33°), and TIA750 (9.33°±5.02° vs . 13.93°±6.82°) were less and the LV [(0.99±0.44) mm vs . (0.72±0.30) mm] was greater in the fellow eyes of AACG as compared to the eyes of CACG with milder glaucomatous damage (all P <0.05). In the forward multivariate logistic regression analysis, every 1-degree decrease in TIA750 (odds ratio=0.872, 95% CI : 0.794 to 0.958, P <0.01) and every 1-mm increase in LV (odds ratio=14.138, 95% CI : 2.348 to 85.130, P <0.01) were significantly associated with AACG. Conclusions: Compared with the eyes of CACG with milder glaucomatous damage, fellow eyes of AACG have thinner peripheral iris thickness, narrower angle width, shallower ACD, and greater LV. LV and TIA750 may play important roles in distinguishing eyes predisposed to AACG or CACG. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2021, 57: 672-678) .

Objective: To evaluate the oncologic outcomes of different laparoscopic radical hysterectomy. Methods: From January 2011 to December 2014, the laparoscopic operation cases of cervical cancer at stage Ⅰb1, Ⅰb2, Ⅱa1 and Ⅱa2, including the histologic subtypes of squamous-cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma, were collected in five clinical centers. The data were divided into two groups according to the surgical procedures, that is, modified laparoscopic-vaginal radical hysterectomy (mLVRH) and total laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (TLRH). The overall survival rate (OS), disease-free survival rate (DFS) at 5 years were retrospectively analyzed in this study. Results: There were 674 cases in total, including 377 cases of mLVRH, 297 cases of TLRH. (1) The OS at 5 years: the mLVRH was 96.1% and the TLRH was 92.0%, and the mLVRH was higher than that of TLRH （ P =0.010）. Stratify analysis， including stage of disease （Ⅰb1 and Ⅱa1）， histologic subtypes （squamous-cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma）， lymph node metastasis， revealed that, ① Stage of disease: in stage Ⅰb1, the OS at five years of mLVRH was higher than that in TLRH group （98.6% vs 93.6%, P =0.012）. In stage Ⅱa1, there was significant difference between the two groups, the OS at five years of mLVRH and TLRH were 93.6% and 77.6% （ P =0.007）. ② Histologic subtypes: for the OS at five years of squamous-cell carcinoma, mLVRH and TLRH were 96.1% and 92.3%, and there was significant difference （ P =0.046）； for adenocarcinoma, the OS at five years were 91.0% and 88.6%， and there was no difference between two groups （ P =0.230）. ③ Lymph node metastasis： the mLVRH and TLRH with lymph node metastasis, the OS at five years were 98.6% and 96.4%; the mLVRH and TLRH without lymph node metastasis, the OS at five years were 89.3% and 80.8%. There were no significant differences between the two groups,respectively ( P =0.156， P =0.093）. (2) The DFS at 5 years: there was no significant difference between mLVRH and TLRH (94.1% vs 90.9%, P =0.220). Stratify analysis for stage of disease, the mLVRH group was higher than that in the TLRH group in stage Ⅰb1 (97.0% vs 92.8%, P =0.039). However, for stage Ⅱa1, there was no significant difference between mLVRH and TLRH group （88.2% vs 75.8%, P =0.074）. Conclusions: The results of this retrospective study indicated that different laparoscopy surgical procedures had diverse oncologic outcomes. The OS at 5 years of the mLVRH is superior to the TLRH. The DFS at 5 years in Ⅰb1 stage, the mLVRH is higher than the TLRH. Therefore, the modified laparoscopy is still an alternative surgery for early cervical cancer patients when following the principle of no-tumor-exposure.

Objective: To investigate the value of laparoscopy in comprehensive early ovarian cancer staging by comparing the feasibility and safety of laparoscopy and laparotomy in surgical staging of early-stage epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Methods: A total of 102 patients with EOC who underwent comprehensive laparoscopic (LPS group, n= 71) or laparotomic (LPT group, n= 31) staging at Southwest Hospital from November 2007 to November 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. The perioperative parameters, postoperative complication rate and the long-term curative effect were compared between the two groups. Results: (1) LPS group had less intra-operative blood loss [(288±239) vs (631±463) ml], lower rate of blood transfusion (14% vs 58%) , larger number of pelvic dissected lymph nodes (18.1±5.6 vs 15.5±4.6), lower vasual analogue scalescore (VAS) pain score (2.1±1.6 vs 3.0±1.1), shorter gastrointestinal recovery time [(2.6±0.8) vs (3.5±0.9) days] and shorter hospital stay [(9.9±2.9) vs (11.3±5.0) days] when compared with LPT group (all P< 0.01). No significant difference were found in operation time, number of para-aortic lymph nodes, rate of postoperative upstaging and adjuvant chemotherapy between the two groups (all P> 0.05). (2) No significant difference was found in postoperative rate of complications [11%(8/71) vs 19% (6/31), χ(2)=1.192, P= 0.275]. (3) No significant difference was found in recurrence rate [17%(11/66) vs 14%(4/29), χ(2)=0.125, P= 0.724] and 5-year overall survival (86.7% vs 86.8%, P= 0.874) . Conclusion: Compared with LPT group, there are no significance differences in recurrence rate and mortality between two groups, laparoscopic staging, which could be recommended as a choice of surgical treatment of early ovarian cancer, shows more favorable operative outcomes including minimally invasive, less intra-operative blood loss, less postoperative pain and quicker recovery.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the anatomical alterations of the cardinal ligaments (CL) and uterosacral ligaments (USL) in women with uterine prolapse by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and MRI three-dimensional reconstruction (3DR)., Materials and Methods: Forty patients with uterine prolapse and 40 volunteers with normal support underwent thin layer scan MRI. The 3D models were reconstructed with MRI data and 3D software. Origin, inserted end, geometric shape features of the CL and USL, were compared between the two groups, and the correlation in study group between the MRI and surgical dissection were reported., Results: In the study group, trauma was found in the USL in the insertion or origin. The dorsal USL attached to the sacrum in four (10%) patients was quite different from 12 (30%) patients of the control group. There was no significant difference in the inserted end of the USL between the two groups, nor in the origin and inserted end of the CL. In the study group, MRI and MRI 3DR better evaluated the anatomical characteristics of the USL compared to intraoperative detection via laparoscopy., Discussion: The approach using MRI and MRI 3DR can non-invasively detect the anatomic abnormality associated with the USL in uterine prolapsed women and can be a useful preoperative planning tool.

The present study sought to investigate if p53 mediates autophagy activation and mitochondria dysfunction in primary striatal neurons in kainic acid (KA)-induced excitotoxicity. The excitotoxic model of primary striatal neurons was established with KA. The levels of p53, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), Beclin1, and p62 were examined by Western blot and immunostaining. Autophagy activation was also determined with electron microscope. To evaluate the contribution of p53 to autophagy activation and mitochondria dysfunction in KA-induced excitotoxicity, the protein levels of LC3, Beclin1, and p62, the mitochondrial transmembrane potential and the mitochondrial Reactive oxygen species (ROS) after pretreatment with the p53 inhibitor pifithrin-alpha (PFT-α) and the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) were analyzed. Excitotoxic neuronal injury was induced after KA treatment as demonstrated by increases in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage and was significantly inhibited by PFT-α. Western blot and immunostaining showed that the induction of p53 protein occurred in the cytosol and the nucleus. Increases in autophagic proteins LC3 and Beclin1 were observed, whereas the protein levels of p62 decreased after KA treatment. Electron microscope analysis showed increased autophagosomes in the cytoplasm. The changes in LC3, Beclin1, and p62 levels were blocked by PFT-α, PFT-μ, 3-MA, and E64d but not Z-DEVD-FMK. JC-1 staining showed the depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential after excitotoxic insult. Mito-tracker and RedoxSensor Red CC-1 staining showed an increased production of mitochondrial ROS after excitotoxic insult. These effects were significantly suppressed after pretreatment with PFT-α and 3-MA. This study suggests that p53 mediates KA-induced autophagy activation and mitochondrial dysfunction in striatal neurons., (Copyright © 2012 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Aim: To study the effect of quercetin(Que) on the adhesion of platelets to microvascular endothelial cells (MVEC) isolated from human skin., Methods: [3H]-adenine-labeled platelets were incubated with MVEC. Effect of Que on platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecular (PECAM) expression on MVEC was also evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)., Results: Adhesion of platelet to MVEC reached to maximum at about 30 min. Que inhibited the adhesion of platelets to MVEC in a concentration-dependent manner. Que 5 micromol/L did not show any significant inhibition. When the concentration of Que increased to 10, 20, and 40 micromol/L, the inhibition rate increased to 10.5 %, 20.0 %, and 42.2 %, respectively. Pre-incubation of Que (10 - 40 micromol/L) with labeled platelets for 30 min also inhibited the adhesion but Que 5 micromol/L did not. The inhibition rate of Que 10, 20, and 40 micromol/L was 18.2 %, 29.8 %, and 65.3 % respectively. Expression of PECAM on the endothelial cells was decreased in a concentration-dependent manner when MVEC were treated with Que (10 - 40 micromol/L) for 12 h but Que 5 micromol/L did not significantly affect the expression., Conclusion: Que could inhibit the adhesion of platelets to MVEC. This effect may be related to decreased expression of PECAM on MVEC.

The human beta E-globin gene from HbE (beta 26 Glu-->Lys, G-->A) homozygote, a common hemoglobinopathy in China, was injected into the pronuclei of fertilized mouse eggs to prepare transgenic mice. A transgenic mouse bearing 16 copies of construct 5'.HS2 beta E has characteristics of typical transgenic mice. It has been verified that the presence of erythroid enhancer 5'HS2 is necessary for the high level expression of human beta E-globin gene in transgenic mice, indicating that the cis-element 5'HS2 is effective for abnormal beta-globin gene as well. Although the expression level of beta-globin gene was copy number-dependent as reported in previous studies, the average expression level per gene copy (12.1%) in transgenic mice bearing many copies of 5'HS2 beta E (16 copies) was significantly lower than that (79.7%) in transgenic mice bearing fewer copies of the gene (2 copies). The possible mechanisms for this decrease of expression are discussed. Novel hemoglobin tetramers which presumably consist of human beta E-globin chains and mouse endogenous alpha-globin chains have been assembled in transgenic mice.

An enzyme which catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of 3-deoxyglucosone (3DG) was isolated and purified from porcine liver by ammonium sulfate fractionation, and DEAE-cellulose, hydroxyapatite, Sephadex G-100, Blue Sepharose CL-6B, and Sephadex G-100 column chromatographies. The pH for optimum enzyme activity was 6.5. 3DG was a good substrate, and glucose and fructose could also be reduced at a significant rate. The Km values for 3DG, methylglyoxal and glyceraldehyde were 2.5, 1.9, and 4.9 mM, respectively. The molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated to be 67, 000, and the enzyme is proposed to be a dimer composed of identical subunits. The activity of the enzyme was completely inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoate, and the enzyme is estimated to be an aldose reductase.

An enzyme which catalyzes the reduction of 3-deoxyglucosone to 3-deoxyfructose and methylglyoxal to acetol, was isolated and purified from porcine liver. 2-Oxoaldehyde compounds were found to be especially good substrates and monocarbonyl compounds were poor substrates for this reductase. The optimum pH of the enzyme activity was 6.5. The Km for 3-deoxyglucosone and methylglyoxal were 2.1 mM and 3.3 mM, respectively. The enzyme consisted of a single polypeptide chain with a molecular mass of 38 kDa. The activity of the enzyme was completely inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoate. The enzyme inhibited the advanced stage of the Maillard reaction.

The G gamma to A gamma ratio of fetal hemoglobin in 120 cord blood samples of Dong ethnic newborns distributed over the Dong Autonomous Regions in Guangxi and Hunan provinces were determined with the method of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The result showed that a case has the high G gamma value of 81.4% while 119 babies have the normal G gamma values of 56 to 76% (69.4 +/- 3.1%). The high G gamma case was identified as G gamma-AG gamma-A gamma/G gamma-A gamma genotype.

By screening a Chinese population of 1025 unrelated persons in Beijing, three serum albumin variants were discovered, and the gene frequency of serum albumin variants of Chinese is estimated as 0.0015. These albumin variants can be distinguished electrophoretically from each other, and were named tentatively as albumin Hanzhong, albumin Changzhi and albumin LXX respectively. A polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis procedure has been developed to characterize albumin variants by determining the relative mobilities (Rm) of albumin variants in a tris-succinate buffer system.