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Considering the energy consumption of the crushed zone caused by blasting, the energy dissipation characteristics were investigated through theoretical calculation and a plug-in for calculation of energy reduction was made. As a result, an improved CDEM method suitable for studying blast-induced crack propagation was proposed. The improved CDEM method was then used to numerically simulate the blast-induced crack propagation under three different in-situ stress conditions: uniaxial in-situ stress, biaxial equal in-situ stresses and biaxial unequal in-situ stresses. It was found that the in-situ stress conditions had significant effects on the distribution of the blast-induced cracks, the evolution of blast-induced stresses and the propagation of the blast-induced cracks. At the uniaxial in-situ stress condition, the vertical in-situ stress reduced the tip stresses of the horizontal crack and inhibited the propagation of the horizontal crack. At the biaxial equal in-situ stress condition, the peak radial stresses and circumferential stresses of the gauging points decreased gradually with the increase of in-situ stresses. In particular, the circumferential stresses of the gauging points gradually changed from tension to compression with an increasing in-situ stress. At the biaxial unequal in-situ stress condition, there were different inhibitions on crack propagation in the horizontal direction and the vertical one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: GB221 is a recombinant humanized anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic, safety, and immunogenicity of GB221 in healthy Chinese adults in comparison to trastuzumab (Herceptin®). Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, parallel-group phase I clinical trial, 88 subjects were randomized 1:1 to receive a single intravenous infusion (90-100 min) of GB221 or trastuzumab (6 mg/kg). The primary pharmacokinetic parameters—maximum observed serum concentration (Cmax), area under the serum concentration–time curve from zero to the last quantifiable concentration at time t (AUC0–t), and area under the serum concentration–time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC0–∞)—of GB221 and trastuzumab were compared to establish whether the 90% confidence interval (CI) attained the 80–125% bioequivalence standard. Safety and immunogenicity were also evaluated. Results: The GB221 group (n = 43) and the trastuzumab group (n = 44) showed similar pharmacokinetic characteristics. The geometric mean ratios (90% CI) of Cmax, AUC0–t, and AUC0–∞ between the two groups were 107.53% (102.25–113.07%), 108.31% (103.57–113.26%), and 108.34% (103.57–113.33%), respectively. The incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) was 83.7% (36/43) of the subjects in the GB221 group and 95.5% (42/44) of the subjects in the trastuzumab group. No subjects withdrew from the trial due to TEAEs, and there were no occurrences of serious adverse events. All subjects tested negative for antidrug antibodies (ADA). Conclusion: GB221 demonstrated similar pharmacokinetics to trastuzumab and comparable safety and immunogenicity in healthy Chinese adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper contributes to the literature by investigating the effects of farmland property rights on public security using the China Labor-force Dynamics Survey data. The results indicate that farmland property rights positively impact public security. This study uses the instrumental variable to solve the endogenous problem. Based on the results, farmland property rights have a positive and significant effect on public security due to the reduction of land acquisition conflicts and social poverty. Hence, this research suggests that the protection of farmland property rights plays a crucial role in ensuring the harmonious development of rural society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the traditional blasting theory and practice, the slotted cartridge blasting can form straight cracks extending along the slot direction and achieve directional fracture. In this paper, an experimental study has been carried out to determine the influence of incident stress waves and reflected stress waves. Under the influence of stress waves, the propagation path of the main crack in slotted cartridge blasting is not straight, and the directional fracture effect is inadequate. Under the experimental conditions in this paper, the propagation of main cracks mainly experienced three stages: directional propagation stage, counterclockwise deflecting propagation stage, and clockwise deflecting propagation stage. The difference between incident stress waves and reflected stress waves results in the difference in the deflecting direction, transforming the main crack into a wing shape. In rock roadway drilling and blasting engineering, the propagation path of main cracks produced by peripheral boreholes using the slotted cartridge blasting is also affected by the incident and reflected stress waves. These stress waves are inevitably generated from free faces and adjacent boreholes; however, these are rarely considered in the design of blasting parameters. Therefore, the design and optimization of blasting parameters considering the interaction of stress waves and main cracks in the slotted cartridge blasting need to be further developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to determine the effects of near work on macular choroidal blood flow and thickness in young adults. A total of 109 participants (19–28 years old) were recruited from Capital Medical University in China. The participants spent 40 min reading a book text at a distance of 33 cm. Swept-source optical coherence tomography/optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCT/OCTA) was performed to measure the changes in choriocapillaris perfusion area (CCPA) and choroidal thickness (ChT) after 40 min of near work. The SS-OCT/OCTA data covered an area of 6 mm × 6 mm, which centered on the fovea. The baseline ChT and CCPA before near work were negatively correlated with AL, while positively correlated with the magnitude of spherical equivalent (p <.001). Total CCPA decreased significantly by 6 mm × 6 mm macular area after near work compared to that before near work (24.26 ± 1.96 vs. 24.63 ± 1.61 mm2, p<.001). The macular ChT was lower after 40 min of reading than that before 40 min of reading, but no significant difference was observed (302.25 ± 77.69 vs. 304.92 ± 79.73 μm, p =.078). The extent of choroidal thinning was significantly positively correlated with the magnitude of CCPA reduction (p <.001). The decline in CCPA after near work was significantly positively correlated with axial length (AL; p <.001). This study demonstrated that near work significantly decreased CCPA. The extent of CCPA reduction after near work was associated with higher severity of myopia and choroidal thinning. The baseline CCPA and ChT decreased gradually with AL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate myopia progression and axial elongation after stopping 0.01% atropine eye drops through a 2‐year cross‐over study. Methods: This study was a randomized, double‐masked, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over trial in mainland China. 220 children aged 6–12 years with spherical equivalent range of −1.00 D to −6.00 D in both eyes were enrolled in Phase 1 for 1 year. Children who had completed the first year's follow‐up continued in the second phase. In Phase 2, the placebo group was crossed over to the 0.01% atropine group (referred to as the 'placebo‐atropine group'), and the 0.01% atropine group was crossed over to the placebo group (referred to as the 'atropine‐placebo group'). All children underwent the examination of cycloplegic refraction and axial length at a 6‐month interval. Only data from right eyes were included in analysis. Results: One hundred thirty‐three subjects completed 2 years of follow‐up. In the first year, the mean myopia progression in atropine‐placebo group was 0.21 ± 0.08 D slower than that in placebo‐atropine group. After cross‐over treatment, the mean myopia progression in atropine‐placebo group was 0.22 ± 0.07D faster than that in placebo‐atropine group in the second year. Over 2 years, the mean myopia progression was −1.26 ± 0.66D and −1.25 ± 0.70D in the atropine‐placebo and placebo‐atropine groups (p = 0.954). Conclusions: The difference in myopia progression between atropine‐placebo group and placebo‐atropine group in Phase 1 was similar to Phase 2 during the cross‐over treatment. Through our cross‐over trial, the results suggest that there is no rebound effect after using 0.01% atropine eye drops to prevent progression of myopia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]