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360 results on '"Liang, Xinqiang"'

22. Targeted Delivery of Active Sites by Oxygen Vacancy-Engineered Bimetal Silicate Nanozymes for Intratumoral Aggregation-Potentiated Catalytic Therapy

Author

Liu, Shuang, primary, Sun, Yu, additional, Ye, Jin, additional, Li, Chunsheng, additional, Wang, Qiang, additional, Liu, Mengting, additional, Cui, Yujie, additional, Wang, Chen, additional, Jin, Guanqiao, additional, Fu, Yujie, additional, Xu, Jiating, additional, and Liang, Xinqiang, additional

Published
2024
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33. Nitrogen fertilization reduces yield declines following no-till adoption

Author

Lundy, Mark E, Pittelkow, Cameron M, Linquist, Bruce A, Liang, Xinqiang, van Groenigen, Kees Jan, Lee, Juhwan, Six, Johan, Venterea, Rodney T, and van Kessel, Chris

Subjects
Zero Hunger, Tillage, Nitrogen fertilizer, No-till duration, Residue, Rotation, Tropical/subtropical, Temperate, Meta-analysis, Soil Sciences, Agriculture, Land and Farm Management, Crop and Pasture Production, Agronomy & Agriculture
Abstract

Conservation agriculture (CA) has been promoted as a method of sustainable intensification and climate change mitigation and is being widely practiced and implemented globally. However, no-till (NT), a fundamental component of CA, has been shown to reduce yields in many cases. In order to maintain yields following adoption of CA, it has been recently suggested that fertilizer application should be an integral component of CA. To determine the contribution of nitrogen (N) fertilizer in minimizing yield declines following NT implementation, we assessed 2759 paired comparisons of NT and conventional tillage (CT) systems from 325 studies reported in the peer-reviewed literature between 1980 and 2013. Overall, we found that NT yields decreased −10.7% (−14.8% to −6.5%) and −3.7% (−5.3% to −2.2%) relative to CT in tropical/subtropical and temperate regions, respectively. Among management and environmental variables that included: the rate of N fertilization; the duration of the NT/CT comparison; residue, rotation, and irrigation practices; the crop type; and the site aridity, N rate was the most important explanatory variable for NT yield declines in tropical/subtropical regions. In temperate regions, N fertilization rates were relatively less important. NT yield declines were most consistently observed at low rates of N fertilization during the first 2 years of NT adoption in tropical/subtropical regions. Applications of N fertilizer at rates of up to 85±12kgNha−1yr−1 significantly reduced NT yield declines in these scenarios. While this result should not be viewed as a rate recommendation, it does suggest that farmers applying rates of N fertilizer that are low for their specific system will, on average, see higher NT yields if they increase application rates. In addition, when crop rotation was not practiced or residues were removed from the field, NT yield declines were magnified by low rates of N fertilization in tropical/subtropical regions. These results, based on a global data set and across a broad range of crops, highlight the importance of N fertilization in counteracting yield declines in NT systems, particularly in tropical/subtropical regions.

Published
2015

34. When does no-till yield more? A global meta-analysis

Author

Pittelkow, Cameron M, Linquist, Bruce A, Lundy, Mark E, Liang, Xinqiang, van Groenigen, Kees Jan, Lee, Juhwan, van Gestel, Natasja, Six, Johan, Venterea, Rodney T, and van Kessel, Chris

Subjects
Zero Hunger, Tillage, No-till duration, Residue, Crop rotation, Nitrogen, Aridity, Irrigation, Soil Sciences, Agriculture, Land and Farm Management, Crop and Pasture Production, Agronomy & Agriculture
Abstract

No-till agriculture represents a relatively widely adopted management system that aims to reduce soil erosion, decrease input costs, and sustain long-term crop productivity. However, its impacts on crop yields are variable, and an improved understanding of the factors limiting productivity is needed to support evidence-based management decisions. We conducted a global meta-analysis to evaluate the influence of various crop and environmental variables on no-till relative to conventional tillage yields using data obtained from peer-reviewed publications (678 studies with 6005 paired observations, representing 50 crops and 63 countries). Side-by-side yield comparisons were restricted to studies comparing conventional tillage to no-till practices in the absence of other cropping system modifications. Crop category was the most important factor influencing the overall yield response to no-till followed by aridity index, residue management, no-till duration, and N rate. No-till yields matched conventional tillage yields for oilseed, cotton, and legume crop categories. Among cereals, the negative impacts of no-till were smallest for wheat (−2.6%) and largest for rice (−7.5%) and maize (−7.6%). No-till performed best under rainfed conditions in dry climates, with yields often being equal to or higher than conventional tillage practices. Yields in the first 1–2 years following no-till implementation declined for all crops except oilseeds and cotton, but matched conventional tillage yields after 3–10 years except for maize and wheat in humid climates. Overall, no-till yields were reduced by 12% without N fertilizer addition and 4% with inorganic N addition. Our study highlights factors contributing to and/or decreasing no-till yield gaps and suggests that improved targeting and adaptation, possibly including additional system modifications, are necessary to optimize no-till performance and contribute to food production goals. In addition, our results provide a basis for conducting trade-off analyses to support the development of no-till crop management and international development strategies based on available scientific evidence.

Published
2015

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